EP0296188B1 - Process and device for introducing additives into a cupola or shaft furnace - Google Patents

Process and device for introducing additives into a cupola or shaft furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0296188B1
EP0296188B1 EP88900009A EP88900009A EP0296188B1 EP 0296188 B1 EP0296188 B1 EP 0296188B1 EP 88900009 A EP88900009 A EP 88900009A EP 88900009 A EP88900009 A EP 88900009A EP 0296188 B1 EP0296188 B1 EP 0296188B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
additive
furnace
combustion air
shaft
stream
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP88900009A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0296188A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Rietzscher
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Georg Fischer AG
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Georg Fischer AG
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Priority to AT88900009T priority Critical patent/ATE62339T1/en
Publication of EP0296188A1 publication Critical patent/EP0296188A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for introducing at least one additive, in particular an energy source, into a shaft or Cupola furnace in which combustion air is blown into a furnace shaft via nozzles.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the method and the device for the purposes of disposal.
  • a method for introducing at least one additive, in particular an energy source, into a blast furnace is known.
  • the additive is fed into the combustion air flow and brought with it into the furnace shaft, the additive being sucked into the furnace by the combustion air by generating a negative pressure directly at the point of exit of the additive into the combustion air flow.
  • This condition can lead to blockages in the coal dust supply part.
  • the device proposed for carrying out the method according to claim 5 is characterized by at least one additional injector nozzle which is arranged in the feed line for the additive.
  • the figure shows a furnace wall 1 of a (not shown) shaft or cupola furnace, in which the fired material is fed in at the upper end of the shaft.
  • the fuel passes through the preheating zone, which is heated by the fuel gases, and finally reaches the combustion zone below.
  • a number of supply lines are arranged circumferentially in the combustion zone of the shaft, via which the combustion zone is supplied with hot air.
  • This hot air which also serves as an oxidizing agent, occurs very quickly, i.e. generally into the firing zone at a speed between 200 and 300 m / s.
  • An insert 2 preferably made of a metallic material with a through channel 2a, is arranged in the furnace wall 1.
  • An injector nozzle 7 is arranged in the supply duct 3. The injector nozzle 7 is charged with a provided additive via a feed pipe 4. It is an open funding system that works without the support of funding. Only a metering device, not shown, ensures the continuous supply of the additive.
  • An insert 5 is provided in the through channel 2a.
  • the passage cross section of the insert 5 widens from a smallest radius 6 to the openings 5a and 5b.
  • the end of the injector nozzle reaching into the furnace extends into the area of the narrowest cross-section of the through-channel of the insert 5.
  • a constant negative pressure is created under continuous flow conditions. This negative pressure leads to a suction effect, so the additive supplied via the injector nozzle 7 is, as it were, sucked out of the nozzle in the vacuum region. Since the speed of the hot wind flowing around the injector nozzle is increased in the area of the cross-sectional constriction, the additive is conveyed into the combustion zone of the furnace shaft at the speed of the hot wind.
  • the injector system 8 can have a plurality of nozzle arrangements in series, at least one nozzle arrangement working with external wind or assisted by compressed air and the compressed air being able to be preheated.
  • the suction system described can be operated continuously without problems and can also be loaded with different consistencies, such as fine dust and granules.
  • coal dust, granules up to a grain size of 10 mm can be used as additives.
  • the process also allows the use of problematic substances that have to be burned at certain temperatures so as not to pollute the environment with undesired emissions.
  • the use of the method and the device according to the invention can lead to a reduction in the conventional proportion of fuel, e.g. Coke, lead from 30% and more.
  • the system described is also suitable for the disposal of pollutants.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH87/00173 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 16, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 16, 1989 PCT Filed Dec. 23, 1987 PCT Pub. No. WO88/05149 PCT Pub. Date Jul. 14, 1988.A process and device for introducing additives, in particular energy carriers, into a cupola or shaft furnace. The additive is carried with combustion air stream and introduced therewith in the furnace shaft, a depression being created at the point where the additive is fed into the combustion air stream, so that the additive is aspirated by the combustion air into the combustion area of the furnace shaft.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Einbringen von mindestens einem Zusatzstoff, insbesondere eines Energieträgers in einen Schacht-bzw. Kupolofen, bei dem Verbrennungsluft über Düsen in einen Ofenschacht geblasen wird. Die Erfindung betrifft aber auch die Verwendung des Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung für Zwecke der Entsorgung.The present invention relates to a method and a device for introducing at least one additive, in particular an energy source, into a shaft or Cupola furnace in which combustion air is blown into a furnace shaft via nozzles. However, the invention also relates to the use of the method and the device for the purposes of disposal.

Die Einbringung von Zusatzstoffen in einen Kupolofen ist allgemein bekannt. Dabei werden zwei Ziele verfolgt, nämlich die Verringerung des Verbrauchs metallurgischen Kokses sowie die Steuerung des Betriebes eines Kupolofens.The introduction of additives into a cupola furnace is generally known. Two objectives are pursued, namely the reduction of the consumption of metallurgical coke and the control of the operation of a cupola furnace.

Bie den bekannten technischen Hilfsmitteln zur Injektion von Zusatzstoffen in einen metallurgischen Prozessablauf stellt man fest, dass infolge einer Doppelwirkung des Druckabfalls und des Anstiegs der Temperatur an der Austrittstelle des Injektors, die zur Einbringung vorgesehenen Zusatzstoffe nur in einem ungenügenden Ausmass in den Verbrennungsraum des Kupolofens eingebracht verden können.In the case of the known technical aids for the injection of additives into a metallurgical process sequence, it is found that, as a result of a double action of the pressure drop and the rise in temperature at the outlet point of the injector, the intended use Additives can only be introduced into the combustion chamber of the cupola furnace to an insufficient extent.

Aus der DE-OS 31 09 111 ist eine Anlage zum Eingeben von Kohle in metallurgische Prozessgefässe mit einer Vielzahl von Einblasstellen und einer entsprechenden Anzahl von zu den Einblasstellen führenden Injektionsleitungen bekannt. Um die Unregelmässigkeiten beim Einbringen von feinkörnigem Brennstoff in einen beispielsveise Kupolofen zu vermeiden, sind bei dieser Anlage die Injektionsleitungen je mit umfangreichen Regel- und Steuereinrichtungen versehen. Zudem verden die feinkörnigen Brennstoffe in den Zuführrinnen mittels eines Fördermediums bis zum Eintritt in den Verbrennungsraum geleitet.From DE-OS 31 09 111 a system for entering coal in metallurgical process vessels with a plurality of injection points and a corresponding number of injection lines leading to the injection points is known. In order to avoid the irregularities when introducing fine-grained fuel into a cupola furnace, for example, the injection lines in this system are each equipped with extensive regulating and control devices. In addition, the fine-grained fuels are fed into the feed troughs by means of a conveying medium until they enter the combustion chamber.

Aus der DE-PS 154585 ist ein Verfahren zum Einbringen von mindestens einem Zusatzstoff insbesondere eines Energieträgers in einen Hochofen bekannt. Dabei wird der Zusatzstoff in den Verbrennungsluftstrom geleitet und mit diesem in den Ofenschacht gebracht, wobei durch Erzeugen eines Unterdruckes unmittelbar an der Austrittsstelle des Zusatzstoffes in den Verbrennungsluftstrom der Zusatzstoff von der Verbrennungsluft in den Ofen gesaugt wird.From DE-PS 154585 a method for introducing at least one additive, in particular an energy source, into a blast furnace is known. The additive is fed into the combustion air flow and brought with it into the furnace shaft, the additive being sucked into the furnace by the combustion air by generating a negative pressure directly at the point of exit of the additive into the combustion air flow.

Dieser Vorschlag, der aus dem Jahr 1903 stammt, konnte in der Folge nicht industriell verwertet verden.This proposal, which dates from 1903, could not subsequently be used for industrial purposes.

Das Einsaugen alleine reicht nicht, denn:

  • a) durch Aenderung des inneren Ofenwiderstandes der Unterdruck zusammenbrechen kann
  • b) durch bestimmte Regelvorgänge im Abgassystem ein Gegendruck aufgebaut werden kann, wodurch der Unterdruck im Saugrohr zusammenbricht.
Sucking in alone is not enough, because:
  • a) the vacuum can break down by changing the internal furnace resistance
  • b) a back pressure can be built up by certain control processes in the exhaust system, whereby the vacuum in the intake manifold breaks down.

Dieser Zustand kann zu Verstopfungen im Kohlenstaubzuleitungsteil führen.This condition can lead to blockages in the coal dust supply part.

Um die bekannten aufwendigen und hochempfindlichen Steuerund Regelmechanismen zu vermeiden und dennoch eine kontinuierlich gleichmässige Zuführung von Energieträgern in einem metallurgischen Verbrennungsprozess zu gewährleisten, hat sich die Anmelderin die Aufgabe gestellt, die bekannten Einrichtungen zu vereinfachen bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades.In order to avoid the known complex and highly sensitive control mechanisms and still ensure a continuous, uniform supply of energy sources in a metallurgical combustion process, the applicant has set itself the task of simplifying the known devices while increasing the efficiency.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst, bei dem eventuell auftretende Druckänderungen durch Wirksamwerden eines zusätzlichen Injektorsystems ausgeglichen werden.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to claim 1, in which any pressure changes that occur are compensated for by the effect of an additional injector system.

Die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens vorgeschlagene Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5 ist gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine zusätzliche Injektordüse, die in der Zufuhrleitung für den Zusatzstoff angeordnet ist.The device proposed for carrying out the method according to claim 5 is characterized by at least one additional injector nozzle which is arranged in the feed line for the additive.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor.A further advantageous embodiment of the method and the device according to the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

Anhand der beiliegenden Figur wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.A preferred exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail with reference to the attached figure.

Die Figur zeigt eine Ofenwand 1 eines (nicht dargestellten) Schacht- oder Kupolofens, bei denen das Brenngut am oberen Ende des Schachtes aufgegeben wird. Das Brenngut durchläuft die von den Brenngasen beheizte Vorwärmzone und gelangt schliesslich in die darunterliegende Brennzone. In der Brennzone des Schachtes sind umfangsmässig eine Reihe von Zuführleitungen angeordnet, über welche die Brennzone mit Heissluft beschickt wird. Diese Heissluft, die gleichzeitig als Oxydationsmittel dient, tritt sehr schnell, d.h. im allgemeinen mit einer Geschwindigkeit zwischen 200 und 300 m/s in die Brennzone ein.The figure shows a furnace wall 1 of a (not shown) shaft or cupola furnace, in which the fired material is fed in at the upper end of the shaft. The fuel passes through the preheating zone, which is heated by the fuel gases, and finally reaches the combustion zone below. A number of supply lines are arranged circumferentially in the combustion zone of the shaft, via which the combustion zone is supplied with hot air. This hot air, which also serves as an oxidizing agent, occurs very quickly, i.e. generally into the firing zone at a speed between 200 and 300 m / s.

Ein Einsatz 2, vorzugsweise aus einem metallischen Material mit einem Durchgangskanal 2a ist in der Ofenwand 1 angeordnet. Eine Zuführleitung 3, die für die Zuführung von Heissluft bzw. Heisswind in die Brennzone bestimmt ist, mündet in einer Ausnehmung des Einsatzes 2. Eine Injektordüse 7 ist in dem Zuführkanal 3 angeordnet. Die Injektordüse 7 wird über ein Zuführrohr 4 mit einem vorgesehenen Zusatzstoff beschickt. Es handelt sich dabei um ein offenes Fördersystem, das ohne Unterstützung eines Fördermittels arbeitet. Lediglich eine nicht dargestellte Dosiereinrichtung sorgt für die kontinuierliche Zuführung des Zusatzstoffes.An insert 2, preferably made of a metallic material with a through channel 2a, is arranged in the furnace wall 1. A supply line 3, which is intended for supplying hot air or hot wind to the combustion zone, opens into a recess in the insert 2. An injector nozzle 7 is arranged in the supply duct 3. The injector nozzle 7 is charged with a provided additive via a feed pipe 4. It is an open funding system that works without the support of funding. Only a metering device, not shown, ensures the continuous supply of the additive.

Im Durchgangskanal 2a ist ein Einsatz 5 vorgesehen. Der Durchgangsquerschnitt des Einsatzes 5 erweitert sich von einem kleinsten Radius 6 bis zu den Oeffnungen 5a und 5b.An insert 5 is provided in the through channel 2a. The passage cross section of the insert 5 widens from a smallest radius 6 to the openings 5a and 5b.

Das in den Ofen reichende Ende der Injektordüse reicht in den Bereich des engsten Querschnittes des Durchgangskanals des Einsatzes 5. An der Querschnittverengung, die durch den Durchmesser 6 definiert ist, entsteht bei kontinuierlichen Strömungsverhältnissen ein konstanter Unterdruck. Dieser Unterdruck führt zu einer Saugwirkung, sodass der über die Injektordüse 7 zugeführte Zusatzstoff im Unterdruckbereich gleichsam aus der Düse gesaugt wird. Da im Bereich der Querschnittsverengung die Geschwindigkeit des die Injektordüse umströmenden Heisswindes erhöht wird, wird der Zusatzstoff mit der Geschwindigkeits des Heisswindes in die Brennzone des Ofenschachtes befordert.The end of the injector nozzle reaching into the furnace extends into the area of the narrowest cross-section of the through-channel of the insert 5. At the cross-sectional constriction, which is defined by the diameter 6, a constant negative pressure is created under continuous flow conditions. This negative pressure leads to a suction effect, so the additive supplied via the injector nozzle 7 is, as it were, sucked out of the nozzle in the vacuum region. Since the speed of the hot wind flowing around the injector nozzle is increased in the area of the cross-sectional constriction, the additive is conveyed into the combustion zone of the furnace shaft at the speed of the hot wind.

Damit eventuell auftretende Aenderungen der Druckverhältnisse nicht zu Verstopfungen führen, muss die Anlage mit einem zusätzlichen Injektorsystem 8 unterstützt werden, um zu gewährleisten, dass eine eingestellte Zusatzstoffmenge, z.B. Kohlenstoff- (C), immer die Brennzone im Ofen erreicht. Das Injektorsystem 8 kann mehrere Düsenanordnungen in Serie aufweisen, wobei mindestens eine Düsenanordnung mit Fremdwind bzw. pressluftunterstützt arbeitet und die Pressluft vorgewärmt werden kann.So that any changes in the pressure conditions do not lead to blockages, the system must be supported with an additional injector system 8 in order to ensure that a set amount of additive, e.g. Carbon (C), always reached the firing zone in the furnace. The injector system 8 can have a plurality of nozzle arrangements in series, at least one nozzle arrangement working with external wind or assisted by compressed air and the compressed air being able to be preheated.

Das beschriebene saugende System kann ohne Probleme kontinuierlich betrieben und regeltechnisch auch mit unterschiedlichen Konsistenzen, wie Feinstäube und Granulate beschickt werden.The suction system described can be operated continuously without problems and can also be loaded with different consistencies, such as fine dust and granules.

Beim beschriebenen Verfahren können als Zusatzstoffe Kohlenstaub, Granulate bis zu einer Korngrösse von 10 mm verwendet werden. Das Verfahren erlaubt es auch Problemstoffe, die unter bestimmten Temperaturen verbrannt werden müssen, um nicht durch unerwünschte Emission die Umwelt belasten, zu verwenden.In the process described, coal dust, granules up to a grain size of 10 mm can be used as additives. The process also allows the use of problematic substances that have to be burned at certain temperatures so as not to pollute the environment with undesired emissions.

Die Verwendung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung kann zu einer Reduktion des herkömmlichen Brennstoffanteils, z.B. Koks, von 30% und mehr führen.The use of the method and the device according to the invention can lead to a reduction in the conventional proportion of fuel, e.g. Coke, lead from 30% and more.

Das beschriebene System ist auch für die Entsorgung von Schadstoffen geeignet.The system described is also suitable for the disposal of pollutants.

Bei der Entsorgung von Schadstoffen ist gedacht (und teilweise auch bereits erfolgreich erprobt) an:

  • Calcium-Karbid-Schlacke
  • Giesserei-Altsande und Kernabfälle
  • Filterstäube, aus Kupolöfen, Abschlagstellen und weiteren Anfallstellen
  • Schleifstäube, ölhaltige Späne
  • und andere eigene, d.h. in der Giesserei anfallende Deponie- und Problemstoffe
  • wie aber auch Schadstoffe Fremder (Flugasche, Altöle) oder eine Kombination aus beiden, eigener und fremder Schadstoffe, z.B.
  • voll-saugfähige Brennstoffe, wie Petrolkoks oder Graphit mit flüssigen Abfällen getränkt (z.B. Kondensator-Oel), oder Abfallstäube und phenolhaltige oder
  • kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Problemstoffe vermischt mit Flugasche oder ölhaltigen Deponiestoffen.
When disposing of pollutants, we have thought of (and in some cases have already been successfully tested):
  • Calcium carbide slag
  • Old foundry sands and core waste
  • Filter dust, from cupola furnaces, tapping points and other collection points
  • Grinding dusts, oily chips
  • and other own, ie landfill and problematic materials occurring in the foundry
  • but also pollutants from strangers (fly ash, waste oils) or a combination of both, own and foreign pollutants, e.g.
  • fully absorbent fuels, such as petroleum coke or graphite soaked in liquid waste (eg condenser oil), or waste dust and phenolic or
  • hydrocarbon-containing problem substances mixed with fly ash or oil-containing landfill materials.

Claims (10)

1. A method of introducing at least one additive, particularly an energy carrier, into a shaft furnace or cupola furnace, in which combustion air is blown into the furnace shaft by way of nozzles, the additive being introduced into the stream of combustion air and being brought into the furnace shaft therewith, wherein the additive is drawn into the furnace shaft by producing a vacuum directly at the point at which the additive exits into the stream of combustion air, characterised in that any pressure changes occurring are compensated by an additional injector system coming into operation.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the vacuum is produced by a reduction in the cross-sectional area in the through passage in the furnace wall.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that an injector nozzle arrangement for maintaining the vacuum is used for introducing the additive with the stream of combustion air into the furnace shaft.
4. A method as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the additive is a fuel, particularly coal dust, granulates with a grain size of up to 10 mm.
5. A device for introducing at least one additive particularly an energy carrier, into a shaft furnace or cupola furnace in which combustion air enters the furnace shaft by way of nozzles, wherein there is provided in the wall of the furnace shaft at least one feed line for the stream of combustion air, an insert reducing the crosssectional area is disposed in the feed line, and there opens into the feed line an injector nozzle arrangement by means of which the additive may be introduced into the stream of combustion air and which has a conduit around which the combustion air flows, one end of which conduit is connected to a storage container for the additive and the other end of which extends into the region of the construction of the insert, characterised in that at least one additional injector nozzle is disposed in the feed line for the additive.
6. A device as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that a plurality of nozzle arrangements are disposed in series
7. A device as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that at least one nozzle arrangement operates with external blast.
8. A device as claimed in one of the claims 5 to 7, characterised if that at least one nozzle arrangement assisted by compressed air is provided.
9. A device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the compressed air is preheated.
10. Use of the method and of the device as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 9 for the disposal of problem substances.
EP88900009A 1986-12-24 1987-12-23 Process and device for introducing additives into a cupola or shaft furnace Expired - Lifetime EP0296188B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88900009T ATE62339T1 (en) 1986-12-24 1987-12-23 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING ADDITIVES INTO A SHAFT OR CUPOLA.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5186/86A CH674567A5 (en) 1986-12-24 1986-12-24
CH5186/86 1986-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0296188A1 EP0296188A1 (en) 1988-12-28
EP0296188B1 true EP0296188B1 (en) 1991-04-03

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EP88900009A Expired - Lifetime EP0296188B1 (en) 1986-12-24 1987-12-23 Process and device for introducing additives into a cupola or shaft furnace

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US (1) US5070797A (en)
EP (1) EP0296188B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2710374B2 (en)
KR (1) KR930000092B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1017083B (en)
AT (1) ATE62339T1 (en)
AU (2) AU8290987A (en)
CA (1) CA1337958C (en)
CH (1) CH674567A5 (en)
CZ (1) CZ285238B6 (en)
DD (1) DD279721A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3769142D1 (en)
HU (1) HU209806B (en)
NO (1) NO875372L (en)
PL (1) PL157931B1 (en)
SK (1) SK280698B6 (en)
WO (1) WO1988005149A1 (en)

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CH674567A5 (en) 1990-06-15
WO1988005149A1 (en) 1988-07-14
AU606642B2 (en) 1991-02-14
JPH01501636A (en) 1989-06-08
SK280698B6 (en) 2000-06-12
HU209806B (en) 1994-11-28
CN1017083B (en) 1992-06-17
KR930000092B1 (en) 1993-01-08
NO875372L (en) 1988-06-24
US5070797A (en) 1991-12-10
CA1337958C (en) 1996-01-23
CN87108358A (en) 1988-07-06
SK979187A3 (en) 1998-09-09
ATE62339T1 (en) 1991-04-15
EP0296188A1 (en) 1988-12-28
JP2710374B2 (en) 1998-02-10
DE3769142D1 (en) 1991-05-08
KR890700215A (en) 1989-03-10
CZ979187A3 (en) 1999-06-16
AU8290987A (en) 1988-06-23
NO875372D0 (en) 1987-12-21
PL269691A1 (en) 1988-09-01
PL157931B1 (en) 1992-07-31
CZ285238B6 (en) 1999-06-16
DD279721A5 (en) 1990-06-13
AU8339287A (en) 1988-07-27

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