EP2407742B1 - Method and device for operating a shaft furnace - Google Patents
Method and device for operating a shaft furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2407742B1 EP2407742B1 EP10169326.5A EP10169326A EP2407742B1 EP 2407742 B1 EP2407742 B1 EP 2407742B1 EP 10169326 A EP10169326 A EP 10169326A EP 2407742 B1 EP2407742 B1 EP 2407742B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solid fuel
- shaft furnace
- combustion
- fuel burner
- supplied
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010744 Boudouard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
- C21B13/023—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/16—Tuyéres
- C21B7/163—Blowpipe assembly
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/005—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or pulverulent fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for operating a shaft furnace in which external energy is supplied to the shaft furnace by an extrinsic combustion.
- the exhaust gas from the cupola furnaces contains combustible components, essentially carbon monoxide. It is ignited again in a downstream combustion chamber, burned and heated in a heat exchanger on the sucked air. This preheated air is then blown through tuyeres, which are located at the height of the melting zone of the shaft furnace. The injected air supplies the oxygen needed for the coke combustion, so the oxidation zone starts at the nozzle height.
- the combustion product is carbon dioxide, which is partially reduced by the coke present in the furnace shaft and strives for a pressure and temperature-dependent equilibrium state with the carbon monoxide formed, also known as Boudouard equilibrium.
- Part of the coke is used to carburize the iron, but much larger part is burnt to carbon dioxide as already mentioned. Due to the high temperature and the oversupply of carbon or unburned coke, the Boudouard equilibrium between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide shifts in the direction of carbon monoxide.
- Another known form of feeding foreign energy into a shaft furnace is with additionally attached gas / oxygen burners in the region of the melting zone.
- additionally a dust injection with air as a carrier medium via a gas / oxygen burner is slagged. The Dusts are continuously fed.
- the DE 43 10 931 A discloses a method and apparatus for disposing of dusts by burning / slagging in a shaft furnace. By feeding the dusts to the flame of the oxygen burner, the dusts are slagged.
- the arrangement of the oxygen burner is located in the tuyere area of the shaft furnace, so the dusts of the flame of the oxygen burner can be injected via a tuyere in the melting zone.
- a disadvantage of these embodiments is that the high Gichtgastemperaturen and the excess of carbon, there is a high carbon monoxide content in the rising Gichtgasen.
- the injection of carbon dust is limited possible, since it can lead to so-called cold bubbles at excessive amounts of dust, so that coal dust can not be completely burned directly, which in turn can have a negative impact on the iron to be produced.
- the object is achieved in that the extrinsic combustion is carried out by means of a solid fuel burner.
- a solid fuel burner which requires a carbonized material as fuel, such as coal dust
- an extrinsic combustion is achieved, which supplies the shaft furnace with external energy.
- the coke performs three functions in a shaft furnace.
- the coke serves as a scaffold for the materials in the furnace shaft and ensures the fürgasung safe, he also serves to carburize the iron. That in the Liquefied liquefied iron drips onto the coke on its way through the shaft, absorbing carbon.
- the coke serves as fuel and provides the energy needed to melt the iron.
- the blending gases consist mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
- the rising combustion gas pre-heats the material in the furnace shaft and passes over unburned coke above the melt zone, where carbon dioxide and carbon from the coke react and carbon monoxide is formed.
- Such a reaction is called the Boudouard reaction.
- the course of the reaction is strongly temperature-dependent, which means that the higher the temperature, the higher the resulting proportion of carbon monoxide.
- energy is undesirably withdrawn from the process.
- the fuel supply via a dense phase conveying which supplies the Feststöftbrenner 10 -100 m 3 / h.
- An inert gas is used as the dense phase conveying gas, which is suitable for dense phase conveying due to its inertness.
- Dense-flow conveying means, by definition, a larger ratio of product, in this case pulverized coal or a carbonized material, to gas, here an inert gas or nitrogen, or using a smaller amount of gas to deliver a large amount of product.
- nitrogen is used as the conveying gas, this also results in optimum explosion protection for all types of coal dust or carbonized materials, and at very low nitrogen consumption.
- oxygen and a combustion-promoting gas are fed to the dense-flow-fed fuel.
- natural gas is used as a combustion-promoting gas, although other gases are conceivable.
- the amounts of oxygen, natural gas and fuel are derived from each other by a control, which is controlled by a controller, so that the combustion takes place stoichiometrically.
- the supply lines of oxygen and the gas are arranged laterally on the solid fuel burner.
- the solid fuel burners are mounted at the level of the melting zone, they are arranged symmetrically along the shaft furnace circumference, so a uniform energy distribution in the shaft furnace is achieved. In addition, it is also possible to arrange the solid fuel burner in a tuyere.
- FIG. 1 shows a shaft furnace system with a solid fuel burner 10 for combustion of Kohtensstaubs.
- the pulverized coal which serves as fuel is stored, it is also possible to store other materials suitable for combustion therein.
- the coal dust is passed via a rotary valve 2 or another metering device on to a subsequent trigger member such as a discharge screw 3.
- the pulverized coal is then passed on to the distributor 5 via a pneumatic transmitter 4.
- a conveying gas for example an inert gas, flows into the distributor 5 via the conveying gas connection 6.
- nitrogen is used as a conveying gas of dense phase conveying.
- the coal dust with the delivery gas is fed into the delivery line 8.
- the pulverized coal is conducted by means of dense phase conveying to the solids burners 10 arranged at the shaft furnace 20.
- the solid fuel burner 10 is located below the wind ring 21. Along the shaft furnace circumference several solid fuel burner 10 are mounted, the each connected to a delivery line 8 to the distributor. In the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the solid fuel burner 10 are arranged in the tuyeres 22. It is also conceivable to mount only solid fuel burner 10 instead of the tuyeres 22.
- the solid fuel burner 10 is supplied via the delivery flow line 8 with a dense stream of coal dust, for example. Alternatively, other carbonized materials suitable for combustion in the shaft furnace process may also be used. On solid fuel burner 10 two more lines are attached, which supply the solid fuel burner 10 with natural gas and oxygen.
- the solid fuel burner 10 is supplied with sufficient oxygen via the oxygen line 25, which is connected to a controlled system 27 for achieving stoichiometric combustion.
- the control path 27 of the combustion is supplied to the optimum amount of oxygen.
- the regulation of the supply of the gases, as well as the supply of the dense flow of the fuel takes over the controller 30 in order to achieve an optimal, stoichiometric combustion.
- By achieving a stoichiometric combustion of the shaft furnace 20 is supplied by the extrinsic combustion of the pulverized coal exclusively foreign energy.
- Fig. 2 shows the solid fuel burner 10.
- the coal dust which serves as fuel in this case, is passed in the delivery line 8 as a luminous flux by means of a conveying gas via the terminal 11 in the burner.
- the natural gas connection 12 is supplied with natural gas via the regulated natural gas line 26.
- the supply of oxygen takes place via the longitudinally offset port 13 and is controlled analogously to the natural gas supply.
- the solid fuel burner 10 is arranged in a tuyere 22.
- a Sauerstoftlanze 16 is arranged, which is additionally installed in special cases in the tuyere 22 in order to optimize the combustion, the installation of the solid fuel burner 10 in a tuyere 22 even without additional oxygen lance 16 is possible.
- the solid fuel burner 10 is mounted in the wind nozzle 22, wherein it is also conceivable that the solid fuel burner 10 are installed along the shaft furnace circumference without wind nozzles 22, so that the wind nozzles 22 and the wind ring 21 omitted and the solid fuel burner 10 directly on the shaft furnace 20 at the level of Melting zone 23 are arranged.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Schachtofens bei dem durch eine extrinsische Verbrennung dem Schachtofen Fremdenergie zugeführt wird.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for operating a shaft furnace in which external energy is supplied to the shaft furnace by an extrinsic combustion.
Bekannt sind aus dem Stand der Technik Heisswindkupolöfen, bei denen das Abgas unterhalb der Beschickungsöffnung abgesaugt wird. Das Abgas aus den Kupolöfen enthält brennbare Bestandteile, im wesentlichen Kohlenmonoxid. Es wird in einer nachgeschalteten Brennkammer erneut gezündet, verbrannt und heizt dabei in einem Wärmetauscher die angesaugte Luft auf. Diese vorgewärmte Luft wird danach durch Winddüsen, die sich auf der Höhe der Schmelzzone des Schachtofens befinden, eingeblasen. Durch die eingeblasen Luft wird der zur Koksverbrennung erforderliche Luftsauerstoff zugeführt, daher beginnt die Oxidationszone in Düsenhöhe. Das Verbrennungsprodukt ist Kohlendioxid, welches durch den im Ofenschacht vorhandenen Koks zum Teil reduziert wird und mit dem gebildeten Kohlenmonoxid einen druck- und temperaturabhängigen Gleichgewichtszustand anstrebt, auch als Boudouard-Gleichgewicht bekannt. Ein Teil des Kokses dient zur Aufkohlung des Eisens, der aber weitaus grössere Teil wird wie bereits erwähnt zu Kohlendioxyd verbrannt. Aufgrund der Hohen Temperatur und des Überangebotes an Kohlenstoff bzw. noch unverbranntem Koks, verschiebt sich das Boudouard-Gleichgewicht zwischen Kohlenmonoxid und Kohlendioxid in Richtung Kohlenmonoxid.Are known from the prior art, hot air winders in which the exhaust gas is sucked below the feed opening. The exhaust gas from the cupola furnaces contains combustible components, essentially carbon monoxide. It is ignited again in a downstream combustion chamber, burned and heated in a heat exchanger on the sucked air. This preheated air is then blown through tuyeres, which are located at the height of the melting zone of the shaft furnace. The injected air supplies the oxygen needed for the coke combustion, so the oxidation zone starts at the nozzle height. The combustion product is carbon dioxide, which is partially reduced by the coke present in the furnace shaft and strives for a pressure and temperature-dependent equilibrium state with the carbon monoxide formed, also known as Boudouard equilibrium. Part of the coke is used to carburize the iron, but much larger part is burnt to carbon dioxide as already mentioned. Due to the high temperature and the oversupply of carbon or unburned coke, the Boudouard equilibrium between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide shifts in the direction of carbon monoxide.
Diese Reaktion ist stark endotherm und führt zwangsläufig zu einem erhöhten Energiebedarf. Dieser äußert sich in einem Mehrverbrauch an Koks.This reaction is strongly endothermic and inevitably leads to an increased energy requirement. This manifests itself in an increased consumption of coke.
Eine weitere bekannte Form des Zuführens von Fremdenergie in einen Schachtofen besteht mit zusätzlich angebrachten Gas/Sauerstoffbrennern im Bereich der Schmelzzone. Bei einer solchen Ausführungsform wird zusätzlich eine Staubinjektion mit Luft als Trägermedium über einen Gas/Sauerstoffbrenner verschlackt. Die Stäube werden dabei kontinuierlich zugeführt.Another known form of feeding foreign energy into a shaft furnace is with additionally attached gas / oxygen burners in the region of the melting zone. In such an embodiment, additionally a dust injection with air as a carrier medium via a gas / oxygen burner is slagged. The Dusts are continuously fed.
Die
Nachteilig an diesen Ausführungsformen ist, dass durch die hohen Gichtgastemperaturen sowie den Überschuss an Kohlenstoff, sich ein hoher Kohlenmonoxidgehalt in den aufsteigenden Gichtgasen befindet. Zudem ist das Einblasen von Kohlenstäuben nur begrenzt möglich, da es bei zu grossen Staubmengen zum sogenannten Kaltblasen führen kann, so dass Kohlenstaubmengen nicht direkt vollständig verbrannt werden können, was wiederum einen negativen Einfluss auf das zu produzierende Eisen haben kann.A disadvantage of these embodiments is that the high Gichtgastemperaturen and the excess of carbon, there is a high carbon monoxide content in the rising Gichtgasen. In addition, the injection of carbon dust is limited possible, since it can lead to so-called cold bubbles at excessive amounts of dust, so that coal dust can not be completely burned directly, which in turn can have a negative impact on the iron to be produced.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu erschaffen, mit dem die Kohlenmonoxidbildung im Gichtgas deutlich reduziert und der Koksverbrauch als Primärbrennstoff im Schachtofen wesentlich vermindert werden kann.It is the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device with which the carbon monoxide formation in the top gas can be significantly reduced and the coke consumption as primary fuel in the shaft furnace can be substantially reduced.
Gemäss den unabhängigen Ansprüchen 1 und 10 wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die extrinsische Verbrennung mittels eines Feststoffbrenners durchgeführt wird. Durch den Feststoffbrenner, der als Brennstoff ein karbonisiertes Material benötigt, beispielsweise Kohlenstaub, wird eine extrinsische Verbrennung erzielt, welche dem Schachtofen Fremdenergie zuführt. Durch die Zuführung der Fremdenergie benötigt der Schachtofen weniger Koks, um die benötigte Temperatur und Schmelzenergie zu erreichen. Der Koks erfüllt drei Funktionen in einem Schachtofen. Einerseits dient der Koks als Stützgerüst für die im Ofenschacht befindlichen Materialien und stellt die Durchgasung sicher, zudem dient er der Aufkohlung des Eisens. Das in der Schmelzzone verflüssigte Eisen tropft auf dem Weg durch den Schacht auf den Koks und nimmt hierbei Kohlenstoff auf.According to the
Als dritte Funktion, welche den grössten Teil des Koks beansprucht, dient der Koks als Brennstoff und liefert die benötigte Energie zum Schmelzen des Eisens. Durch die Zufuhr von vorgewärmter Verbrennungsluft wird der Koks zu Kohlendioxid verbrannt. Die Verbrehnungsgase bestehen hauptsächlich aus Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff. Das aufsteigende Verbrennungsgas wärmt das im Ofenschacht befindliche Material vor und strömt an unverbranntem Koks oberhalb der Schmelzzone vorbei, wo es zu einer Reaktion von Kohlendioxid und dem Kohlenstoff aus dem Koks kommt und Kohlenmonoxid gebildet wird. Eine solche Reaktion wird als Boudouard-Reaktion bezeichnet. Der Verlauf der Reaktion ist stark temperaturabhängig, das bedeutet, je höher die Temperatur ist, desto höherer ist der entstehende Anteil an Kohlenmonoxid. Durch die in diesem Prozess ablaufende stark endotherme Reaktion, wird dem Prozess unerwünschter Weise Energie entzogen. Da aber grundsätzlich die unvermeidliche Reaktion nur ablaufen kann, wenn der entsprechende Reaktionspartner gegeben ist, was in diesem Fall Koks ist, ist davon auszugehen, dass beim vorliegenden Prozess, bei welchem durch die Zuführung von Fremdenergie mittels zusätzlichem Feststoffbrenner, der Koksbedarf um ca. 30% gesenkt wird und somit auch die Reaktionsoberfläche sich entsprechend reduziert, ein Kohlenmonoxidrückgang zu verzeichnen ist. Die Koksreduktion kann erfolgen, da der Feststoffbrenner Fremdenergie in den Schachtofen speist und somit kann mit weniger Koks und der zusätzlichen Fremdenergie die benötigte Wärme erzielt werden, da ein Teil der Energie bzw. Wärme durch den Feststoffbrenner erzeugt und dem Schachtofen zugeführt wird.As a third function, which consumes most of the coke, the coke serves as fuel and provides the energy needed to melt the iron. By supplying preheated combustion air, the coke is burned to carbon dioxide. The blending gases consist mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The rising combustion gas pre-heats the material in the furnace shaft and passes over unburned coke above the melt zone, where carbon dioxide and carbon from the coke react and carbon monoxide is formed. Such a reaction is called the Boudouard reaction. The course of the reaction is strongly temperature-dependent, which means that the higher the temperature, the higher the resulting proportion of carbon monoxide. As a result of the strongly endothermic reaction taking place in this process, energy is undesirably withdrawn from the process. However, since in principle the inevitable reaction can take place only if the corresponding reaction partner is given, which in this case is coke, it can be assumed that in the present process, in which by the supply of external energy by means of additional solid fuel burner, the coke requirement by about 30 % is lowered and thus the reaction surface is reduced accordingly, a carbon monoxide decline is recorded. The coke reduction can be done because the solid fuel burner feeds energy into the shaft furnace and thus with less coke and the additional external energy, the heat required can be achieved because a portion of the energy or heat generated by the solid fuel burner and the shaft furnace is supplied.
Da zur Verbrennung des Kohlenstaubs im Feststoffbrenner reiner Sauerstoff verwendet wird, ist die Verbrennungsluftmenge für die reduzierte Koksmenge genauso herabzusetzen. Somit wird rund 1/3 der Energie durch die Kohlenstaubverbrennung mit reinem Sauerstoff dem Prozess zugeführt. Durch die Reduzierung der Verbrennungsluft wird auch das Abgasvolumen verringert.Since pure oxygen is used to burn the pulverized coal in the solid burner, the amount of combustion air for the reduced amount of coke is also reduced. Thus, about 1/3 of the energy is supplied to the process by the pulverized coal combustion with pure oxygen. By reducing the combustion air and the exhaust gas volume is reduced.
Aufgrund der niedrigeren Abgasmenge verringert sich die Gasgeschwindigkeit im Schacht, wodurch das Vorwärmen des Materials im Schacht verbessert wird und weniger Abwärme bzw. Energie aus dem Schachtofen bzw. Kupolofen getragen wird.Due to the lower amount of exhaust gas, the gas velocity in the shaft is reduced, thereby improving the preheating of the material in the shaft and less waste heat or energy from the shaft furnace or cupola is worn.
Die Brennstoffzuführung erfolgt über eine Dichtstromförderung, welche dem Feststöftbrenner 10 -100 m3/h zuführt. Als Dichtstromfördergas wird ein Inertgas verwendet, was sich durch seine Reaktionsträgheit gut für eine Dichtstromförderung eignet. Dichtstromförderung bedeutet, per Definition ein grösseres Verhältnis von Produkt, in diesem Fall Kohlenstaub bzw. ein karbonisiertes Material, zu Gas, hier ein Inertgas bzw. Stickstoff oder das Verwenden einer kleineren Menge Gas für die Förderung einer grossen Produktemenge. Bei einer Verwendung von Stickstoff als Fördergas ergibt sich zudem ein optimaler Explosionsschutz für alle Arten von Kohlenstaub bzw. karbonisierten Materialien und das bei sehr geringem Stickstoffverbrauch.The fuel supply via a dense phase conveying, which supplies the Feststöftbrenner 10 -100 m 3 / h. An inert gas is used as the dense phase conveying gas, which is suitable for dense phase conveying due to its inertness. Dense-flow conveying means, by definition, a larger ratio of product, in this case pulverized coal or a carbonized material, to gas, here an inert gas or nitrogen, or using a smaller amount of gas to deliver a large amount of product. When nitrogen is used as the conveying gas, this also results in optimum explosion protection for all types of coal dust or carbonized materials, and at very low nitrogen consumption.
Durch die extrinsische Verbrennung, welche mit dem Feststoffbrenner erzeugt wird und stöchiometrisch verläuft, wird dem Schachtofen ausschliesslich Fremdenergie zugeführt. Somit kann der Koksbedarf im Schachtofen reduziert werden, was wiederum eine Verminderung der Kohlenmonoxidbildung zur Folge hat. Weiter kann durch eine stöchiometrische Feststoffverbrennung das Kaltblasen vermieden werden, zudem erlaubt das Verbrennen des dichtstromgeförderten Brennstoffs eine grössere Menge an Kohlenstaub bzw. karbonisiertem Material zu verbrennen als bei Verfahren bei dem der Kohlenstaub ausschließlich eingeblasen wird. Es kann deutlich mehr Kohlenstaub anstelle des Kokses verbrannt werden als bei herkömmlichen Verfahren, was eine Einsparung des Koksverbrauchs zur Folge hat.Due to the extrinsic combustion, which is generated with the solid fuel burner and stoichiometric runs, the shaft furnace is fed exclusively foreign energy. Thus, the coke demand in the shaft furnace can be reduced, which in turn results in a reduction of carbon monoxide formation. Next can be avoided by a stoichiometric solid combustion cold blasting, also allows the burning of denströmstromgeförderten fuel to burn a larger amount of coal dust or carbonized material than in processes in which the coal dust is blown exclusively. It can burn much more coal dust instead of coke than in conventional processes, resulting in a saving of coke consumption.
Zur Erzielung einer stöchiometrischen Verbrennung im Feststoffbrenner werden zum dichtstromgeförderten Brennstoff Sauerstoff und ein verbrennungsförderndes Gas zugeführt. Um den Kohlenstaub stöchiometrisch verbrennen zu können, wird als verbrennungsförderndes Gas Erdgas verwendet, wobei auch andere Gase denkbar sind. Die Mengen des Sauerstoffs, Erdgases und des Brennstoffs werden durch eine Regelung, die über eine Steuerung gelenkt wird, so aufeinander abgestammt, dass die Verbrennung stöchiometrisch erfolgt. Die Zuleitungen des Sauerstoffs und des Gases sind seitlich am Feststoffbrenner angeordnet. Die Feststoffbrenner sind auf der Höhe der Schmelzzone angebracht, sie sind symmetrisch entlang des Schachtofenumfangs angeordnet, so wird eine gleichmässige Energieverteilung im Schachtofen erreicht. Zudem besteht auch die Möglichkeit den Feststoffbrenner in einer Winddüse anzuordnen.To achieve stoichiometric combustion in the solid fuel burner, oxygen and a combustion-promoting gas are fed to the dense-flow-fed fuel. In order to burn the pulverized coal stoichiometrically, natural gas is used as a combustion-promoting gas, although other gases are conceivable. The amounts of oxygen, natural gas and fuel are derived from each other by a control, which is controlled by a controller, so that the combustion takes place stoichiometrically. The supply lines of oxygen and the gas are arranged laterally on the solid fuel burner. The solid fuel burners are mounted at the level of the melting zone, they are arranged symmetrically along the shaft furnace circumference, so a uniform energy distribution in the shaft furnace is achieved. In addition, it is also possible to arrange the solid fuel burner in a tuyere.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren beschrieben, wobei sich die Erfindung nicht nur auf das Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Es zeigen:
-
Figur 1 eine Schachtofenanlage inkl. einer Dichtstromförderung des Brennstoffs zum Feststoffbrenner, -
einen Feststoffbrenner in dreidimensionaler Ansicht,Figur 2 -
einen Feststoffbrenner eingebaut in einer Winddüse.Figur 3
-
FIG. 1 a shaft furnace installation including a dense phase conveying of the fuel to the solid fuel burner, -
FIG. 2 a solid fuel burner in three-dimensional view, -
FIG. 3 a solid fuel burner installed in a tuyere.
In
Durch die Montage des Feststoffbrenners 10 in der Winddüse 22 wird die Verbrennung durch die einströmende Luft zusätzlich unterstützt. Ober den Anschluss 11 wird der Brennstoff zum Feststoffbrenner geleitet, was in diesem Fall Kohlenstaub ist, denkbar ist jedoch jedes karbonisierte Material wie beispielsweise Kunststoffabfall, Braunkohle, Holzstaub Altreifen als Staub, Holzkohle, Mehl, Getreide Staub von Getreidepelzen usw.. Der Flansch 17 ist mit dem Windring 2,1 verbunden wodurch die Luft in die Winddüse 22 strömt.
- 1
- Silo
- 2
- Zellradschleuse
- 3
- Austragschnecke
- 4
- Pneumatik-Sender
- 5
- Verteiler
- 6
- Fördergasanschluss
- 8
- Förderleitung
- 10
- Feststoffbrenner
- 11
- Anschluss Brennstoffleitung (Kohlenstaubleitung)
- 12
- Anschluss Gasleitung (Erdgasleitung)
- 13
- Anschluss Sauerstoffleitung
- 16
- Sauerstofflanze
- 17
- Flansch
- 20
- Schachtofen
- 21
- Windring
- 22
- Winddüse
- 23
- Schmelzzone
- 25
- Sauerstoffleitung
- 26
- Gasleitung (Erdgasleitung)
- 27
- Regelstrecke Sauerstoff
- 28
- Regelstrecke Gasleitung (Erdgasleitung)
- 30
- Steuerung
- 1
- silo
- 2
- rotary valve
- 3
- discharge screw
- 4
- Pneumatic transmitter
- 5
- distributor
- 6
- Conveying gas connection
- 8th
- delivery line
- 10
- Solid fuel burner
- 11
- Fuel line connection (pulverized coal pipe)
- 12
- Connection of gas line (natural gas pipeline)
- 13
- Connection oxygen line
- 16
- oxygen lance
- 17
- flange
- 20
- shaft furnace
- 21
- wind ring
- 22
- tuyere
- 23
- fusion zone
- 25
- oxygen line
- 26
- Gas line (natural gas pipeline)
- 27
- Controlled system oxygen
- 28
- Controlled system gas line (natural gas pipeline)
- 30
- control
Claims (12)
- A method for operating a shaft furnace (20) for producing iron, in which external energy is supplied to the shaft furnace (20) by means of an extrinsic combustion, wherein the extrinsic combustion is carried out by means of at least one solid fuel burner (10) arranged on the periphery of the shaft furnace, characterised in that the combustion on the solid fuel burner takes place stoichiometrically and only external energy is supplied to the shaft furnace, and the fuel supply of the solid fuel burner (10) takes place by means of a dense flow conveyance, wherein the ratio of fuel to a conveying gas used for the dense flow conveyance is greater than 1.
- The method according to claim 1, characterised in that 10-100 m3/h of fuel is supplied to the solid fuel burner (10) by means of the dense flow conveyance.
- The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the fuel is a carbonised material.
- The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the fuel is coal dust.
- The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the conveying gas for the dense flow conveyance is an inert gas.
- The method according to claim 5, characterised in that the inert gas is nitrogen.
- The method according to claim 1, characterised in that oxygen is supplied to the solid fuel burner (10) to achieve a stoichiometric combustion.
- The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a gas promoting combustion, preferably natural gas, is supplied to the solid fuel burner (10) to achieve a stoichiometric combustion.
- The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the quantities of the oxygen, natural gas and the fuel conveyed by the dense flow, which are supplied for the combustion, are regulated via a control system (30).
- A device for operating a shaft furnace (20) for producing iron, in which external energy is supplied to the shaft furnace (20) by means of an extrinsic combustion, wherein at least one solid fuel burner (10) is arranged on the periphery of the shaft furnace, characterised in that the combustion on the solid fuel burner takes place stoichiometrically and only external energy is supplied to the shaft furnace, wherein the solid fuel burner (10) is arranged in a tuyere (22), and the fuel supply of the solid fuel burner (10) takes place by means of a dense flow conveyance, wherein the ratio of fuel to a conveying gas used for the dense flow conveyance is greater than 1.
- The device according to claim 10, characterised in that a plurality of solid fuel burners (10) are arranged axially symmetrically around the periphery of the shaft furnace.
- The device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterised in that the shaft furnace (20) is a cupola furnace.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP10169326.5A EP2407742B1 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Method and device for operating a shaft furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP10169326.5A EP2407742B1 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-13 | Method and device for operating a shaft furnace |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2407742A1 EP2407742A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2407742B1 true EP2407742B1 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
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DE102013218521A1 (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2015-03-19 | Sgl Carbon Se | Shaft furnace and process for working up a fluorine-containing waste product |
DE102014216336A1 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2016-02-18 | Küttner Holding GmbH & Co. KG | Process for injecting replacement reductants into a blast furnace |
CN112683047B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-06-07 | 武安市裕华钢铁有限公司 | Method for cleaning blockage of shaft furnace burner |
CN113265497A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-08-17 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Method for improving utilization coefficient of medium titanium slag smelting blast furnace |
CN114739160B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-01-16 | 广西柳钢新材料科技有限公司 | Method for reducing nitrogen consumption of gas double-chamber kiln |
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US4523530A (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1985-06-18 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Powdery coal burner |
DE3806710A1 (en) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-09-14 | Walter Brinkmann Gmbh | Burner for single-shaft furnaces for the calcination of limestone |
DE4310931C2 (en) | 1993-04-02 | 1999-04-15 | Air Prod Gmbh | Method and device for disposing of dusts by burning / slagging in a cupola furnace |
DE19539634C2 (en) * | 1995-10-25 | 1999-06-10 | Hans Ulrich Feustel | Device for blowing in dusty and / or granular reactive substances and substance mixtures |
DE19646802A1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 1998-05-14 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Method and device for operating a shaft furnace |
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