EP0294522B1 - Elément décoratif et fonctionnel pour la construction - Google Patents

Elément décoratif et fonctionnel pour la construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294522B1
EP0294522B1 EP87305074A EP87305074A EP0294522B1 EP 0294522 B1 EP0294522 B1 EP 0294522B1 EP 87305074 A EP87305074 A EP 87305074A EP 87305074 A EP87305074 A EP 87305074A EP 0294522 B1 EP0294522 B1 EP 0294522B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
manufacture
elevation point
plus
midpoints
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP87305074A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0294522A1 (fr
Inventor
Janusz Josef Kapusta
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US06/738,843 priority Critical patent/US4681481A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87305074T priority patent/ATE65464T1/de
Priority to EP87305074A priority patent/EP0294522B1/fr
Priority to ES87305074T priority patent/ES2023900B3/es
Priority to DE8787305074T priority patent/DE3771715D1/de
Publication of EP0294522A1 publication Critical patent/EP0294522A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0294522B1 publication Critical patent/EP0294522B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/12—Uniting ornamental elements to structures, e.g. mosaic plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/06—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/42—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings of glass or other transparent material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to an article of commerce in the form of a rectangular, preferably of a square which on one face of the square carries a multiple of surfaces for the purpose of enhancing the visual appearance of a wall, a floor, a ceiling, a roof or the like. More particularly, this invention pertains to an article of manufacture which is suitable for creating a number of variations in visual appearance due to the almost infinite variety of optical interplays of the various surfaces, creating a great variety of visual effects and optical illusions in three-dimensional space. Still further, this invention pertains to a construction element which employs lighted, shaded, and shadowed areas based on the arrangement of these construction elements. The result is surfaces which intersect or present discontinuities creating optical, visual effects ranging from extremely subtle to starkly accentuated. These effects, at the same time, optically present illusions which, upon further viewing, change.
  • two- or three-dimensional surfaces have been created such as on floor tiles.
  • various effects range from the mosaic appearance, that is, non-ordered, to completely ordered symmetrical effects.
  • floor tiles have carried various patterns which have created some optical illusions.
  • floor tiles have been two-dimensional or have used color and contrast for creating different appearances, i.e., such as in the Roman mosaics and the like.
  • three-dimensional visual effects have also been created in these two-dimensional tiles, such as by imparting variously alternating wavy lines giving the appearance of a three-dimensional, wavy surface.
  • three-dimensional surfaces For facades, e.g., for buildings, walls, etc., or for interior surfaces, three-dimensional surfaces have been created by having building blocks, e.g. US-A-3 229 439, formed of three-dimensionally raised and lowered surfaces or even hollow passages, thereby creating a pleasing or striking visual appearance.
  • building blocks e.g. US-A-3 229 439
  • the limited application of the interplay has been based on the difficulty in assembling intricate, three-dimensional patterns, since it is difficult for the worker or artist optically to relate these patterns by working with these in such a manner as not to commit errors in the assembling or errors when using the material in building a structure.
  • the invention is directed to an article of manufacture as defined in claim 1.
  • this invention pertains to the discovery that these articles of manufacture may be varied from having a very subtle appearance to a very stark appearance in terms of shaded, shadowed and lighted areas.
  • two three-dimensional, opposite faces such as in glass blocks or acrylic blocks, an added three-dimensional effect is achieved.
  • lighted areas it is meant, for the disclosed element, areas on which the light impinges directly; by shaded areas it is meant where a diffused light plays on a surface, and by shadowed areas it is meant areas where a surface or a three-dimensional element either casts a distinct shadow on another surface or surfaces.
  • This definition is employed with reference to a single light source. When multiple light sources are directed on the exposed surfaces of the novel element, different effects appear.
  • the visual appearance of the elements is such that with different indicental light, there is a subtle and constant interplay of the light striking the surfaces. These changes occur in an almost kaleidoscopical manner as the light plays on the surface of the novel element, for example, sunlight on the exterior of the building as the sun ascends and descends during the course of the day.
  • a great number of patterns may be created which may take on various effects as the light strikes each of the patterns.
  • a domain may be created of these elements arranged in one form, and adjacent to it a domain may be created where the elements are arranged in another form. Because the arrangement is based on a square element which has a number of surfaces, the almost infinite variety of the domains are also possible within an overall surface. At the same time, assembly of these elements in each domain is very easy by appropriate rotation, offsetting and juxtapositioning of these elements and the finishing of the boundary regions.
  • the elements have equilateral sides and have five surfaces of which one is in a plan view a square, and the others are fractions of the same square, again in a plan view. Furthermore, by dividing this square with five surfaces in four sections, mirror image sections may be created which, upon orientation, become identical. Two of these four subsections can then be used to complete any border portion or boundary area of the surface which needs to be completed. Moreover, also the bisecting of the surface, that is by dividing the surface with a straight line and creating two equal portions, a rectangular section may be created which also my be used for completing the boundary areas of a surface which is being finished with these elements, such as for the above-mentioned different domains.
  • each of the surfaces for any given application may be further distinguished by color reflection or refraction properties of the surface or any combination of these to achieve further the infinite varieties in which these elements can be combined.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of a terra cotta facing of the novel article
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of the face of the terra cotta article shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is an upper edge plan view of Figure 2 of the article
  • Figure 4 is a lower edge plan view of the article shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the right-hand side of the article shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the left-hand side of the article shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 7 is a bottom view of the article shown in Figure 1
  • Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of the article shown along cross section lines 8-8 of Figure 2
  • Figure 9 is a cross sectional view of the article shown along cross section lines 9-9 of the article in Figure 2
  • Figure 10 illustrates the angular and equidistant relationships of the various surfaces and points on the element shown in Figure 1 and along cross sectional lines 10 of Figure 11
  • Figure 11 shows a plan view of the
  • Figures 1 to 9 a terra cotta article of manufacture has been shown in Figures 1 to 9.
  • the principle for the use of the decorative element has been explained in Figures 10 to 12.
  • a concrete block embodiment has been shown in Figures 12 to 19, and a two-faced glass block in Figures 20 to 28.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of the element 3 shown for purposes of illustration as a terra cotta facing suitable for a building surface such as for an exterior building surface.
  • Edge 16 defines the zero elevation plane of the element; point 17 in Figure 1, and also as indicated in Figures 2 and 3 and elsewhere in the drawings, defines the minus one point of the element, and point 18 defines the plus one point of the element 3. These may also be expressed as planes, but as these are points these have been labeled as such, i.e., 17 and 18.
  • line 16 defines the zero elevation plane of the element 3 with point 16a, 17 and 18 being in the middle of the square element 3 and equidistant from each corner 7 for the respective points along the respective edges of the element.
  • FIG. 7 The plan view of the back surface of the terra cotta facing shown in Figure 7 illustrates the typical construction of a terra cotta facing with the rim 19 defining the surface which is abuttingly affixed to a wall and the backside of surfaces 11 to 15.
  • point 17 may rest directly on the surface in terra cotta construction such as for anchoring purposes and the like, the surfaces are raised by an adequate increment such as illustrated by the distance identified with the numeral 21.
  • element 3 may be part of a concrete block 6 as one face thereof, or may be as thin as a floor tile.
  • An angle alpha shown in Figure 10 thus may be from almost zero (but not zero) to a maximum of tending towards 90°.
  • an angle alpha greater than 45° makes these blocks more difficult to manufacture and/or transport.
  • An angle alpha of 45° will define a perfect cube for two blocks mated face to face if there is no raised portion such as 21 illustrated in Figure 8.
  • An interior angle beta shown in Figure 13 on one edge of the element is further used to define these blocks.
  • the angle beta about point 18 is 90°.
  • a complementary angle 17a in Figure 5 for point 17 will, together with angle beta, define 360°.
  • an angle beta such as 120° around point 18 allows the formation of a series of hexagonal repeats if the element 3 is placed on edge 22.
  • each of the surfaces 11 to 15 may also carry different colored glazing and/or different reflective coatings.
  • a multiple of variations are possible on each of the surfaces. An assembly of these in a wide variety of combinations having an almost infinite variety of surface texture possibilities are evident.
  • a hexagonal will be formed by three of the elements and a series of hexagonals will be formed with each assembly of three with a hexagonal void space therebetween.
  • the hexagonal void space will be equivalent to two elements 3 placed back to back.
  • a void space precursor for a hexagonal is partially formed with the adjacent hexagonal three element unit.
  • FIG. 20 to 28 A further illustration in Figures 20 to 28 has been shown for a glass block with two opposite faces. These are useful for construction of separations and for creating various light effects.
  • glass blocks are hollow and are made in two parts. Thereafter the two parts are joined together.
  • Edge rim 19 shown in Figure 27 in relation to spacing 21 likewise shown in Figure 27, for the glass blocks may be of the appropriate dimensions to make the two-sided glass block 9 of the selected thickness depending on the load bearing necessity.
  • the two-sided arrangements such as for glass block 6 are used in hot pressing or forming transparent or initial plastic sheets, the pressings allow production and assembly (in various configurations) of plastic sheets of square configuration and of great variety, again for the reason that all repeat units will be of the same size. Boundary conditions as previously described may also be employed.
  • the present invention allows the achievement of three-dimensional surfaces with far greater optical vibrancy and optically pleasing appearances which can be tailored from the most subtle to stark and contrasting and visually having a tremendous impact on the viewer.
  • the further advantage of the various optical illusions that can now be created three-dimensionally provide great freedom in selecting, not only for the appropriate light conditions the incidence of the light, but creating an enormous variety in surfaces which heretofore have been rather uninteresting.
  • the material which may be usefully employed for this purpose may be ceramic materials, plaster of Paris, fiberglass, resin or polymers such as acrylics, polyesters, reinforced resins, metals such as steel, aluminum and the like which may be further surface coated. Ceramic tiles may be fired to further use these either in their fired state or with glazes and with a variety of colors for the glazes.
  • plaster of Paris may be used in natural form or painted or surface treated and the like.
  • the floor tiles may be of ceramic bottom and epoxy top, giving a translucent solid top and a solid bottom, where the surfaces of 11 to 15 may be of any color. Thereafter these may be laid in epoxy and the seams finished wih epoxy resin and the like.
  • Decorative paneling may also be obtained accordingly which may be also fiberglass, reinforced plastic, as well as metal and steel aluminum. These materials may be made in various sizes to suit the various conditions.
  • the materials may also be hollow, such as the terra cotta illustration shown in Figures 1 to 9 and the glass blocks of Figures 20 to 28, and again of various sizes such as from two inches to two feet when used as exterior decorating surface elements for walls.
  • metals such as steel or aluminum as well as fiberglass, reinforced plastics, vinyls, ABS and the like may be used as suitable for interior or exterior applications.
  • polyacrylic resins or glass and the like may be employed.
  • acrylic and glass material may be in any color or shading.
  • Load bearing exterior or interior decorative blocks are likewise used, such as concrete blocks 6 shown in Figures 14 to 20, with the surface being as defined for the elements above and the spacing 21 as shown in Figure 8 being of the necessary thickness for the load bearing purposes.
  • These may be hollow or solid, but preferably with hollows 6a as it is well known, and these may be natural, painted or glazed, such as when made from various forms of concrete described by Olin et al., supra . Again, the sizes of these are typically varied such as for the concrete blocks 6 within the 8 by 8 by 8 specification, or any other variation as long as the requisite unit relationship obtains for the surface of it which is exposed to a viewer.
  • roof coverings and other coverings or claddings and the varieties as previously mentioned.

Claims (12)

  1. Eléménet fabriqué, pour recouvrement de surface, comprenant un élément à trois dimensions ayant une base rectangulaire, et défini en outre par :
    (a) un plan zéro traversant la pièce parallèlement à la base ;
    (b) un point de cote négative par rapport au plan zéro ;
    (c) un point de cote positive par rapport au plan zéro ; les deux points de cotes négative et positive étant équidistants dans les directions plus et moins dudit plan zéro ;
    (d) une paire de premiers points milieux sur ledit plan zéro, équidistants des deux bords opposés de ladite pièce, un point milieu se trouvant sur un bord et l'autre point milieu sur l'autre bord ;
    (e) une paire de seconds points milieux, un premier point milieu se trouvant sur ledit point de cote négative et l'autre point milieu se trouvant sur ledit point de cote positive équidistants des deux autres bords opposés dudit plan zéro, chacun des points milieux de la seconde paire de points milieux étant à la même distance du plan zéro, tous lesdits points milieux se trouvant dans un plan qui coupe ledit plan zéro sur la première paire de points milieux, ladite pièce ayant une face arrière s'étendant de ladite base audit point de cote positive définissant un triangle avec le plan de cote positive et le plan zéro, ladite pièce ayant une face avant qui comprend le point de cote négative et deux triangles symétriques l'un par rapport à l'autre, ladite pièce ayant deux faces latérales rectangulaires qui s'étendent depuis la base jusqu'au plan zéro.
  2. Elément fabriqué, sous forme d'un réseau de lots répétés d'éléments individuels, selon la revendication 1.
  3. Elément fabriqué, dans lequel un sous-ensemble de l'élément selon la revendication 1 partagé par une droite, soit en deux soit en quatre sous-ensembles, de façon que la ligne passe par ladite paire des deux premiers points et/ou par ladite paire des deux seconds points, constitue un bord pour un réseau de lots répétés d'articles individuels selon la revendication 1, ou de limites de finition dudit réseau.
  4. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle entre la base et la droite joignant le point de cote négative et le point de cote positive est supérieur à zéro mais inférieur à 45°.
  5. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle intérieur au point de cote positive vers l'intérieur de l'article est inférieur à 90° mais supérieur à 45°.
  6. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle au point de cote positive à l'intérieur de l'article est de 120°.
  7. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle entre la base et la droite joignant le point de cote positive et le point de cote négative est de 45°.
  8. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel celui-ci est une dalle de plancher ayant un revêtement de résine époxy parallèle audit plan zéro et ayant une épaisseur suffisante pour des questions d'usure au-dessus du point de cote positive.
  9. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel celui-ci est un bloc de verre.
  10. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel celui-ci comporte une plate-forme rectangulaire unitaire servant pour ladite base.
  11. Elément fabriqué selon la revendication 1, dans lequel celui-ci est un parement en terre cuite pour bâtiment ou un élément de construction en terre cuite.
  12. Elément fabriqué comprenant un ensemble de réseaux d'éléments selon la revendication 1.
EP87305074A 1985-05-29 1987-06-09 Elément décoratif et fonctionnel pour la construction Expired EP0294522B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/738,843 US4681481A (en) 1985-05-29 1985-05-29 Decorative, functional element for construction and the like
AT87305074T ATE65464T1 (de) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Dekoratives und funktionelles bauelement.
EP87305074A EP0294522B1 (fr) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Elément décoratif et fonctionnel pour la construction
ES87305074T ES2023900B3 (es) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Un elemento funcional, decorativo para construccion y semejante
DE8787305074T DE3771715D1 (de) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Dekoratives und funktionelles bauelement.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87305074A EP0294522B1 (fr) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Elément décoratif et fonctionnel pour la construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0294522A1 EP0294522A1 (fr) 1988-12-14
EP0294522B1 true EP0294522B1 (fr) 1991-07-24

Family

ID=8197938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87305074A Expired EP0294522B1 (fr) 1985-05-29 1987-06-09 Elément décoratif et fonctionnel pour la construction

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0294522B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE65464T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3771715D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2023900B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2650785B1 (fr) * 1989-08-09 1993-11-12 Ballesteros Juan Objets decoratifs constituant l'image tridimensionnelle d'un sujet et de l'espace environnant, par effets d'optique
US5904019A (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-05-18 General Electric Company Thermoplastic building blocks

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229439A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-01-18 Gordon F Strobel Ubietous block
DE2635849C3 (de) * 1976-08-10 1979-10-18 Hermann 7958 Laupheim Kutter Verfahren zur Herstellung eines pyramidenförmigen Dekorekmentes und seine Verwendung
US4681481A (en) * 1985-05-29 1987-07-21 Kapusta Janusz J Decorative, functional element for construction and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0294522A1 (fr) 1988-12-14
DE3771715D1 (de) 1991-08-29
ES2023900B3 (es) 1992-02-16
ATE65464T1 (de) 1991-08-15

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