EP0294299A1 - Downhill-ski and process for making the same - Google Patents

Downhill-ski and process for making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294299A1
EP0294299A1 EP88420168A EP88420168A EP0294299A1 EP 0294299 A1 EP0294299 A1 EP 0294299A1 EP 88420168 A EP88420168 A EP 88420168A EP 88420168 A EP88420168 A EP 88420168A EP 0294299 A1 EP0294299 A1 EP 0294299A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sole
thickness
ski
layer
downhill
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88420168A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0294299B1 (en
Inventor
Roger Abondance
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skis Rossignol SA
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Skis Rossignol SA
Rossignol SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Skis Rossignol SA, Rossignol SA filed Critical Skis Rossignol SA
Priority to AT88420168T priority Critical patent/ATE57310T1/en
Publication of EP0294299A1 publication Critical patent/EP0294299A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0294299B1 publication Critical patent/EP0294299B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/07—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices comprising means for adjusting stiffness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a downhill ski, also called downhill or alpine ski, as well as to a method of manufacturing such a ski.
  • the lower part of a large number of currently known piste skis consists of a sole made of high density polyethylene and of very high molecular weight, which is bordered by steel edges.
  • the invention aims to improve the sliding of track skis with semi-rigid plastic sole, more particularly with polyethylene sole. It is based on the observation, made by observing children's games using either inflatable sleds or sleds made of rigid plastic, that the sliding on snow of inflatable sleds is greater than that of sleds of rigid plastic.
  • This result is obtained by a ski whose sole, which is of constant profile over substantially the entire length of the ski, is made of a flexible or semi-rigid material, preferably of polyethylene powder, of high density, of very high molecular weight, extruded according to a particular known process, to a profiled shape such that the thickness of this sole at the level of the lower edges is significantly greater than its thickness over the remainder of the width of the ski.
  • a layer of an elastic material for example made of polyethylene foam or elastic rubber, is compressed between this thin part of the sole and a hard layer placed above.
  • an elastic material for example made of polyethylene foam or elastic rubber
  • a sole is first produced by extruding polyethylene which is profiled so as to have a flat base and a thickness which is, in the transverse direction, significantly higher at the edges than in the middle part. remaining. Skiing is then carried out by stacking under pressure in the mold of several layers, including this profiled sole, placed in the bottom of the mold and bordered by the two lower edges, then a layer of elastic foam, overcoming at least the sole portion of lesser thickness and having a thickness greater than the hollow formed in this sole due of this lesser median thickness, then at least one hard layer, such as a rigid reinforcing layer.
  • Figure 1 shows the appearance of the polyethylene strip, obtained by extrusion in a piston extruder, which is intended to constitute, after cutting to the correct length, the sole 1 of this ski.
  • the central part 2 of the polyethylene band 1, which is bonded to the structure of the ski by means of an elastic foam support, may be, because of its relative thinness, considered to be flexible, while the two bands lateral 3, much thicker and directly attached to the ski structure, are rigid.
  • E is for example equal to 1.5 millimeters, while e is equal to 0.5 millimeters.
  • FIG. 2 shows the stacking, in a mold of which the bottom 4 and the side edges 5 are shown, of the constituent elements of this ski.
  • a layer 7 of elastic polyethylene foam we put a layer 7 of elastic polyethylene foam, the thickness before compression is significantly greater than E - e.
  • a rigid reinforcement 8 is applied over the entire width of the ski, then the core 9 and the two lateral edges 10, and finally an upper layer 11 followed by a cover layer 12.
  • the mold cover not shown, is then put in place and strongly pressurized, which among other things strongly compresses the elastic layer 7.
  • the ski schematically takes the appearance shown in cross section in FIG. 3: the compressed foam 7 has, by inflating, pushed the thin part 2 of the sole 1 down, so that the sole 1 of the ski has a central part which has a slight downward recess d, giving it a generally convex shape (this recess was very exaggerated in FIG. 3 for the clarity of the description).
  • the part 2 and the foam 7 being flexible and elastic, the ski therefore rests on a sort of elastic cushion in excess thickness.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the state of the ski under the boot 13 of the skier , where the support is maximum. At the front 14 and at the rear 15 of the ski, the vertical support is less, so that the section of the ski takes the slightly convex shape of FIG. 3.

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

1. A downhill ski comprising a sole (1) made of flexible or semi-rigid material, having a profile which is substantially constant along the entire length of the ski, and the two longitudinal edges of which are embedded in metallic flanges (6), and whose central portion is in contact via its surface facing the core (9) with a layer (7) of elastic material, characterised in that the central portion (2) of the sole has a thickness (e) less than the thickness (E) of its lateral zones (3) embedded in the lower flanges (6), and in that the layer (7) of elastic material interposed between the central portion (2) of the sole and a hard layer (8) located on the side of the core is compressed between these two elements, its thickness before compression being greater that the difference (E-e) between the two thicknesses of the sole.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un ski de descente, dit encore ski de piste ou ski alpin, ainsi qu'à un procédé de fabrication d'un tel ski.The present invention relates to a downhill ski, also called downhill or alpine ski, as well as to a method of manufacturing such a ski.

La partie inférieure d'un grand nombre de skis de piste connus actuellement est constituée par une semelle en polyéthylène de haute densité et de très haut poids moléculaire, qui est bordée par des carres en acier.The lower part of a large number of currently known piste skis consists of a sole made of high density polyethylene and of very high molecular weight, which is bordered by steel edges.

Ces semelles sont planes et d'épaisseur constante. Elles sont classiquement découpées par tranches d'épaisseur constante dans un cylindre plat, en forme de meule, obtenu par frittage du polyéthylène en poudre.These soles are flat and of constant thickness. They are conventionally cut into sections of constant thickness in a flat cylinder, in the form of a grinding wheel, obtained by sintering the powdered polyethylene.

L'invention vise à améliorer la glisse des skis de piste à semelle en matière plastique semi-rigide, plus particulièrement à semelle en polyéthylène. Elle se base sur la constatation, faite en observant les jeux d'enfants utilisant soit des luges gonflables, soit des luges en matière plastique rigide, que la glisse sur neige des luges gonflables est supérieure à celle des luges en matière plastique rigide. Ce résultat est obtenu par un ski dont la semelle, qui est de profil constant sur substantiellement toute la longueur du ski, est en une matière souple ou semi-rigide, préfé­rentiellement en polyéthylène en poudre, de haute densité, de très haut poids moléculaire, extrudé selon un procédé particulier connu, à une forme profilée telle que l'épaisseur de cette semelle au niveau des carres inférieures est nettement supérieure à son épaisseur sur le restant de la largeur du ski. Par ailleurs, une couche d'un matériau élastique, par exemple en une mousse de polyéthylène ou de caoutchouc élastique, est comprimée entre cette partie de moindre épaisseur de la semelle et une couche dure placée au-dessus. Dans la partie médiane du ski, on obtient ainsi un dessous élastique et légèrement bombé en forme convexe en l'absence de forte pression sur le ski, de sorte que la surface de glissement à cet endroit est assez proche de celle d'une luge gonflable.The invention aims to improve the sliding of track skis with semi-rigid plastic sole, more particularly with polyethylene sole. It is based on the observation, made by observing children's games using either inflatable sleds or sleds made of rigid plastic, that the sliding on snow of inflatable sleds is greater than that of sleds of rigid plastic. This result is obtained by a ski whose sole, which is of constant profile over substantially the entire length of the ski, is made of a flexible or semi-rigid material, preferably of polyethylene powder, of high density, of very high molecular weight, extruded according to a particular known process, to a profiled shape such that the thickness of this sole at the level of the lower edges is significantly greater than its thickness over the remainder of the width of the ski. Furthermore, a layer of an elastic material, for example made of polyethylene foam or elastic rubber, is compressed between this thin part of the sole and a hard layer placed above. In the middle part of the ski, we thus obtain an elastic and slightly domed underside in convex shape in the absence of strong pressure on the ski, so that the sliding surface at this location is fairly close to that of an inflatable sledge. .

Pour fabriquer un tel ski, on réalise tout d'abord par extrusion de polyéthylène une semelle qui est profilée de façon à avoir une base plane et une épaisseur qui est, dans le sens transversal, nettement plus élevée sur les bords que dans la partie médiane restante. On réalise ensuite le ski par empilage sous pression au moule de plusieurs couches, dont obligatoirement cette semelle profilée, placée dans le fond du moule et bordée par les deux carres inférieures, puis une couche de mousse élastique, surmontant au moins la partie de semelle de moindre épaisseur et ayant une épaisseur supérieure au creux formé dans cette semelle en raison de cette moindre épaisseur médiane, puis au moins une couche dure, telle qu'une couche rigide de renfort.To make such a ski, a sole is first produced by extruding polyethylene which is profiled so as to have a flat base and a thickness which is, in the transverse direction, significantly higher at the edges than in the middle part. remaining. Skiing is then carried out by stacking under pressure in the mold of several layers, including this profiled sole, placed in the bottom of the mold and bordered by the two lower edges, then a layer of elastic foam, overcoming at least the sole portion of lesser thickness and having a thickness greater than the hollow formed in this sole due of this lesser median thickness, then at least one hard layer, such as a rigid reinforcing layer.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise, et ses avantages et autres caractéristiques ressortiront, au cours de la description suivante d'un exemple non limitatif de réalisation de ce ski, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels :

  • Figure 1 est une vue en perspective de la semelle extrudée, avant réalisation de ce ski ;
  • Figure 2 est une coupe transversale montrant la phase de réali­sation au moule ;
  • Figure 3 est une coupe transversale de ce ski selon III-III de la figure 4 ;
  • Figure 4 est une vue latérale de ce ski, chaussé par un skieur ;
  • Figure 5 est une coupe transversale de ce ski selon V-V de la figure 4.
In any case, the invention will be well understood, and its advantages and other characteristics will emerge during the following description of a nonlimiting example of embodiment of this ski, with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the extruded sole, before making this ski;
  • Figure 2 is a cross section showing the production phase in the mold;
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of this ski along III-III of Figure 4;
  • Figure 4 is a side view of this ski, worn by a skier;
  • Figure 5 is a cross section of this ski along VV of Figure 4.

La figure 1 montre l'aspect de la bande en polyéthylène, obtenue par extrusion dans une extrudeuse à piston, qui est destinée à constituer, après découpe à la bonne longueur, la semelle 1 de ce ski.Figure 1 shows the appearance of the polyethylene strip, obtained by extrusion in a piston extruder, which is intended to constitute, after cutting to the correct length, the sole 1 of this ski.

Cette semelle 1 a une forme profilée. Latéralement, son épais­seur E est égale à l'épaisseur habituelle des semelles en polyéthylène tranché, choisie telle que les deux bords latéraux de la semelle s'encas­trent étroitement sous les deux carres inférieures du ski. Cette épaisseur n'est cependant égale à E que sur une zone 3 de relativement faible largeur 1 de chaque côté de la semelle, de l'ordre de un dizième à un cinquième de la largeur totale L de la semelle : sur la partie médiane restante 2 de la semelle, de largeur λ = L - 2 l, l'épaisseur de la semelle est égale à une valeur e bien inférieure à E. Par exemple, e est de l'ordre de deux à quatre fois inférieure à E.This sole 1 has a profiled shape. Laterally, its thickness E is equal to the usual thickness of the soles of sliced polyethylene, chosen such that the two lateral edges of the sole closely fit under the two lower edges of the ski. This thickness is however equal to E only over an area 3 of relatively small width 1 on each side of the sole, of the order of one tenth to one fifth of the total width L of the sole: on the remaining middle part 2 of the sole, of width λ = L - 2 l, the thickness of the sole is equal to a value e much less than E. For example, e is of the order of two to four times less than E.

La partie centrale 2 de la bande de polyéthylène 1, qui est collée à la structure du ski par l'intermédiaire d'un support élastique en mousse, peut être, en raison de sa relative minceur, considérée comme souple, alors que les deux bandes latérales 3, beaucoup plus épaisses et directement solidaires de la structure du ski, sont rigides. Pour fixer les idées, E est par exemple égale à 1,5 millimètres, tandis que e est égale à 0,5 millimètres.The central part 2 of the polyethylene band 1, which is bonded to the structure of the ski by means of an elastic foam support, may be, because of its relative thinness, considered to be flexible, while the two bands lateral 3, much thicker and directly attached to the ski structure, are rigid. To fix ideas, E is for example equal to 1.5 millimeters, while e is equal to 0.5 millimeters.

La figure 2 montre l'empilage, dans un moule dont sont repré­sentés le fond 4 et les chants latéraux 5, des éléments constitutifs de ce ski. On pose d'abord la semelle 1 et les deux carres inférieures 6. Puis, sur cette semelle 1 et entre les carres 6, on pose une couche 7 de mousse élastique de polyéthylène, dont l'épaisseur avant compression est nettement supérieure à E - e. On pose ensuite, sur toute la largeur du ski, un renfort rigide 8, puis le noyau 9 et les deux chants latéraux 10, et enfin une couche supérieure 11 suivie d'une couche de couverture 12. Le couvercle du moule, non représenté, est alors mis en place et fortement pressurisé, ce qui entre autres comprime fortement la couche élastique 7.FIG. 2 shows the stacking, in a mold of which the bottom 4 and the side edges 5 are shown, of the constituent elements of this ski. First we put the sole 1 and the two lower edges 6. Then, on this sole 1 and between the edges 6, we put a layer 7 of elastic polyethylene foam, the thickness before compression is significantly greater than E - e. Next, a rigid reinforcement 8 is applied over the entire width of the ski, then the core 9 and the two lateral edges 10, and finally an upper layer 11 followed by a cover layer 12. The mold cover, not shown, is then put in place and strongly pressurized, which among other things strongly compresses the elastic layer 7.

Après les opérations classiques de moulage, démoulage, et finition, le ski prend schématiquement l'aspect représenté en coupe transversale à la figure 3 : la mousse comprimée 7 a, en gonflant, repous­sé la partie mince 2 de la semelle 1 vers le bas, de sorte que la semelle 1 du ski présente une partie centrale qui présente un léger décrochement d vers le bas, lui conférant une forme généralement bombée (ce décro­chement a été très exagéré sur la figure 3 pour la clarté de l'exposé). La partie 2 et la mousse 7 étant souples et élastiques, le ski repose donc sur une sorte de coussin élastique en surépaisseur.After the conventional molding, demolding and finishing operations, the ski schematically takes the appearance shown in cross section in FIG. 3: the compressed foam 7 has, by inflating, pushed the thin part 2 of the sole 1 down, so that the sole 1 of the ski has a central part which has a slight downward recess d, giving it a generally convex shape (this recess was very exaggerated in FIG. 3 for the clarity of the description). The part 2 and the foam 7 being flexible and elastic, the ski therefore rests on a sort of elastic cushion in excess thickness.

Bien entendu, ce coussin élastique s'aplatit totalement si l'on presse fortement de bas en haut, par exemple sous la chaussure du skieur qui chausse ce ski : les figures 4 et 5 montrent l'état du ski sous la chaussure 13 du skieur, là où l'appui est maximal. A l'avant 14 et à l'arrière 15 du ski, l'appui vertical est moindre, de sorte que la section du ski prend la forme légèrement bombée de la figure 3.Of course, this elastic cushion is completely flattened if you press strongly from bottom to top, for example under the boot of the skier who puts on this ski: FIGS. 4 and 5 show the state of the ski under the boot 13 of the skier , where the support is maximum. At the front 14 and at the rear 15 of the ski, the vertical support is less, so that the section of the ski takes the slightly convex shape of FIG. 3.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple de réali­sation qui vient d'être décrit. En particulier, une autre matière que le polyéthylène pourrait être utilisée aussi bien pour la réalisation de la semelle que pour celle de la couche de mousse élastique.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described. In particular, a material other than polyethylene could be used both for the production of the sole and for that of the layer of elastic foam.

Claims (6)

1 - Ski de descente comportant une semelle (1) de profil constant sur substantiellement toute la longueur du ski, caractérisé en ce que cette semelle est en matière plastique souple ou semi-rigide et a une forme profilée lui conférant, au voisinage des carres inférieures (6), une épaisseur (E) nettement supérieure à son épaisseur (e) sur le restant (2) de la largeur du ski, et en ce qu'une couche (7) d'un matériau élasti­que est intercalée et comprimée entre la partie (2) de moindre épaisseur (e) de la semelle (1) et une couche dure (8) placée au-dessus. 1 - Downhill ski comprising a sole (1) of constant profile over substantially the entire length of the ski, characterized in that this sole is of flexible or semi-rigid plastic material and has a profiled shape giving it, in the vicinity of the lower edges (6), a thickness (E) significantly greater than its thickness (e) over the remainder (2) of the width of the ski, and in that a layer (7) of an elastic material is interposed and compressed between the part (2) of lesser thickness (e) of the sole (1) and a hard layer (8) placed above. 2 - Ski de descente selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la semelle profilée (2) est en polyéthylène extrudé. 2 - Downhill ski according to claim 1, characterized in that the profiled sole (2) is made of extruded polyethylene. 3 - Ski de descente selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche élastique (7) est en mousse de poly­éthylène ou en mousse de caoutchouc. 3 - Downhill ski according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the elastic layer (7) is made of polyethylene foam or rubber foam. 4 - Ski de descente selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caracté­risé en ce que l'épaisseur (E) des deux bandes latérales (3) de la semelle (1) est de plusieurs fois supérieure à celle (e) de sa partie centrale (2). 4 - Downhill ski according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thickness (E) of the two lateral bands (3) of the sole (1) is several times greater than that (e) of its central part (2). 5 - Ski de descente selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caracté­risé en ce que l'épaisseur avant compression de la couche élastique (7) est plusieurs fois supérieure à la différence (E - e) entre les deux épaisseurs de la semelle (1). 5 - Downhill ski according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thickness before compression of the elastic layer (7) is several times greater than the difference (E - e) between the two thicknesses of the sole (1). 6 - Procédé de réalisation d'un ski selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à réaliser, par extrusion de poly­éthylène, une semelle (1) qui est profilée de façon à avoir une base plane et une épaisseur qui est, dans le sens transversal, nettement plus élevée sur les bords (3) que dans la partie médiane (2) restante, puis à fabriquer le ski par empilage sous pression au moule de plusieurs cou­ches, dont obligatoirement cette semelle profilée (1), placée dans le fond (4) du moule et bordée par les deux carres inférieures (6), puis une couche (7) de mousse élastique, surmontant au moins la partie (2) de semelle de moindre épaisseur et ayant une épaisseur supérieure au creux (E - e) formé dans cette semelle en raison de cette moindre épais­seur médiane, puis au moins une couche dure (8), telle qu'une couche rigide de renfort. 6 - Method for producing a ski according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists in producing, by extrusion of polyethylene, a sole (1) which is profiled so as to have a flat base and a thickness which is, in the transverse direction, significantly higher on the edges (3) than in the middle part (2) remaining, then to manufacture the ski by stacking under pressure in the mold of several layers, including this profiled sole ( 1), placed in the bottom (4) of the mold and bordered by the two lower edges (6), then a layer (7) of elastic foam, surmounting at least the part (2) of sole of lesser thickness and having a thickness greater than the hollow (E - e) formed in this sole due to this smaller median thickness, then at least one hard layer (8), such as a rigid reinforcing layer.
EP88420168A 1987-05-27 1988-05-26 Downhill-ski and process for making the same Expired - Lifetime EP0294299B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88420168T ATE57310T1 (en) 1987-05-27 1988-05-26 DOWNHILL SKI AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8707835 1987-05-27
FR8707835A FR2615746B1 (en) 1987-05-27 1987-05-27 DOWNHILL SKI AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0294299A1 true EP0294299A1 (en) 1988-12-07
EP0294299B1 EP0294299B1 (en) 1990-10-10

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EP88420168A Expired - Lifetime EP0294299B1 (en) 1987-05-27 1988-05-26 Downhill-ski and process for making the same

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AT (1) ATE57310T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3860772D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2615746B1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5501825A (en) * 1993-09-07 1996-03-26 Skis Rossignol Sas Process for the manufacture of a shaped ski
FR3105009A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-06-25 Salomon S.A.S. Gliding board equipped with a braking device

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR786082A (en) * 1934-02-24 1935-08-26 Lightweight Metal Slip Plate Ski
DE2025622A1 (en) * 1969-06-06 1970-12-10 Beerli, Louis, Engelberg, Obwalden (Schweiz) ski
FR2187371A1 (en) * 1972-06-08 1974-01-18 Bildner Heinz
US3790184A (en) * 1972-12-13 1974-02-05 J Bandrowski Ski construction
CH549393A (en) * 1972-03-22 1974-05-31 Meyer Urs P SKI.
DE3522563A1 (en) * 1984-07-06 1986-02-06 TMC Corp., Baar, Zug Cross-country ski

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR786082A (en) * 1934-02-24 1935-08-26 Lightweight Metal Slip Plate Ski
DE2025622A1 (en) * 1969-06-06 1970-12-10 Beerli, Louis, Engelberg, Obwalden (Schweiz) ski
CH549393A (en) * 1972-03-22 1974-05-31 Meyer Urs P SKI.
FR2187371A1 (en) * 1972-06-08 1974-01-18 Bildner Heinz
US3790184A (en) * 1972-12-13 1974-02-05 J Bandrowski Ski construction
DE3522563A1 (en) * 1984-07-06 1986-02-06 TMC Corp., Baar, Zug Cross-country ski

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5501825A (en) * 1993-09-07 1996-03-26 Skis Rossignol Sas Process for the manufacture of a shaped ski
FR3105009A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-06-25 Salomon S.A.S. Gliding board equipped with a braking device
EP3842105A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-06-30 Salomon S.A.S. Sliding board with unidirectional anti-slip system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0294299B1 (en) 1990-10-10
ATE57310T1 (en) 1990-10-15
FR2615746B1 (en) 1990-02-16
DE3860772D1 (en) 1990-11-15
FR2615746A1 (en) 1988-12-02

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