EP0292383B1 - Dispositif d'amorçage photopyrotechnique et chaîne photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif d'amorçage photopyrotechnique et chaîne photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0292383B1
EP0292383B1 EP88401203A EP88401203A EP0292383B1 EP 0292383 B1 EP0292383 B1 EP 0292383B1 EP 88401203 A EP88401203 A EP 88401203A EP 88401203 A EP88401203 A EP 88401203A EP 0292383 B1 EP0292383 B1 EP 0292383B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrier
transparent barrier
charge
lens
pyrotechnic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401203A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0292383A1 (fr
Inventor
Claude Carel
Alain Josse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Group SAS filed Critical Airbus Group SAS
Priority to AT88401203T priority Critical patent/ATE80453T1/de
Publication of EP0292383A1 publication Critical patent/EP0292383A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0292383B1 publication Critical patent/EP0292383B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of initiation of pyrotechnic substances by light beams produced by laser and transported by fibers or optical cables.
  • the laser source it is preferably possible to use a triggered pulsed laser.
  • a triggered pulsed laser is described in the article by MM. C. CAREL and A.P. JOSSE of Aerospace and MM. M. MORISSON, P. BALDY and J. REFOUVELET from the Tarbes Construction Workshops entitled “Initiation of Explosives by Laser” (communication made at the "international symposium on fundamental and applied pyrotechnics: substances and systems” held on 5 on October 7, 1982 in Arcachon (France)).
  • a photopyrotechnic detonator primer is a device charged with primary or secondary explosives which can be initiated under the action of an energy beam such as a laser beam and make it possible to obtain a shock wave. sufficient to initiate another pyrotechnic component charged with explosive.
  • pyrotechnic igniters these are devices containing a pyrotechnic substance capable of igniting when it receives a calorific contribution, for example in the form of a laser beam, this flame possibly causing the ignition of another composition. pyrotechnic.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a photopyrotechnical initiation device in which the pyrotechnic initiation substance is protected from external aggressions before and during operation.
  • the transparent barrier is made of sapphire.
  • a transparent barrier made of a material transparent to the wavelength of the beam used and of sealing means between this barrier and the body of the device makes it possible to protect the pyrotechnic charge from external aggressions while allowing passage the beam used to initiate this charge.
  • this barrier allows it to resist the mechanical effects generated during the operation of the load, it remains intact after it has been ignited and any gas leaks are avoided through the passage for the laser beam.
  • the device may further comprise a thin cover placed between the transparent barrier and the pyrotechnic charge, this cover having a face in contact with the pyrotechnic charge.
  • this seal is especially useful in the case where the pyrotechnic charge is a substance which can explode under the action of a shock wave. It is used when the device includes means for focusing the laser beam. As we will see later, these are arranged so as to focus the beam on this operculum or to obtain on it the image of the exit face of the optical fiber: in this way the energy concentration is created in the mass of the operculum capable of creating a wave of shock. This shock wave is transmitted to the pyrotechnic substance which then explodes.
  • sealing means are also provided between the body of the device and this support.
  • the latter can be a device containing the main explosive charge which must be initiated by the photopyrotechnic device.
  • the main load is itself protected from external aggressions.
  • the initiating device conforms to what is described above and the laser source is preferably constituted by a pulsed pulsed laser.
  • the expression "optical cable” it designates either an optical fiber alone, or a set of optical fibers.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a photopyrotechnical functional chain comprising a laser source 10 and an optical fiber 12 transmitting the beam produced by the laser to a photopyrotechnical initiation device 14.
  • a photopyrotechnical initiation device 14 This can be placed on a support 16 shown schematically in phantom in FIG. 1.
  • the latter can be, for example, the wall of a container or of an apparatus containing the main charge which must be initiated by the device 14.
  • This first consists of a body 18 fixed on the support 16 by any suitable means, for example by screwing.
  • the body 18 has, at one of its ends, a cavity 20 for housing a pyrotechnic charge.
  • this charge consists of an initiating charge 22 in contact with a reinforcing charge 24.
  • the cavity 20 can be formed inside a load carrier constituted by a spacer 26 held against a shoulder provided inside the body 18 by a cap 28.
  • the latter is fixed to the body 18 by any known means, for example by screwing as illustrated in Figure 2, the seal being provided by a seal 30.
  • the cap 28 has a thinned part or cover 32 which is destroyed during the explosion of the charge 24.
  • the charge 22 When the charge 22 is ignited under the effect of the laser beam emitted by the source 10, it is the seat of a shock wave. This wave propagates through the load 22, then through the load 24 where it is reinforced. The explosion of the charge 24 leads to the destruction of the cover 32 and the shock wave can thus ignite the main charge 34 contained inside the support 16 (the latter is shown diagrammatically in phantom on the figure 2).
  • the body 18 of the device which is the subject of the invention also has a passage 36 allowing the laser beam 38 to penetrate inside the device.
  • a transparent barrier 40 is mounted inside the passage 38, upstream of the cavity 20 relative to the direction of propagation of the beam. It should be noted that, in the example shown here, all the elements of the device have a symmetry of revolution about a common axis.
  • the transparent barrier 40 has the shape of a truncated cone widening in the direction of the cavity 20 and limited at its two ends by circular faces. It is housed in a part of the passage 40 having the same seal between the barrier 40 and the body 18 being provided by sealing means 42, for example a rubber O-ring. As for the seal between the body 18 and the support 16, it can be ensured by an O-ring 46 or any other equivalent device.
  • Sapphire which is a particular aluminum oxide crystal (Al2O3), is well suited for this use because it has a very high Young's modulus (3.7.105 MPa). In addition, its softening point is at 1800 ° C, which gives it good temperature resistance (for comparison, it can be noted that B1664 glass has a processing temperature of 559 ° C).
  • this cover 44 is in the form of a thin coating deposited on the rear face of the barrier 40.
  • the thickness of this coating is between a few hundred and a few thousand Angstroms and its constituent material can be a metal such as, for example, aluminum, gold, silver, niobium or indium.
  • another material for example an organic material
  • the coating being for example deposited on the initiating charge 22.
  • This seal finds its usefulness when using a secondary explosive as the initiating charge. Indeed, to initiate such an explosive, you need a powerful shock wave. This can be obtained by the breakdown of a thin metallic layer and the breakdown of the cover 44 can be obtained by focusing the beam 38 on the cover 44.
  • the device illustrated in Figure 2 further comprises means for focusing the laser beam.
  • the latter essentially consist of an optical connector in the form of a hollow housing which can be threaded over the end of the body 18 opposite the cavity 20.
  • the optical fiber 12 transmitting the beam of the laser 10 to the device 14 passes through a wall of the connector 48 and its end is inside the latter.
  • the laser beam leaving the fiber 12 passes through a lens 50 mounted inside the connector 48. This can be held on a shoulder or a support using a spacer 52 screwed inside the connector 48
  • the shape of the lens 50 is determined so that the beam 38, which is divergent when it leaves the fiber 12, is parallel after passing through the lens 50, its optical axis being coincident with the axis of revolution of the device 14 .
  • the front face 41 of the barrier 40 is convex in shape when viewed from the entrance to the device. So the face front of the barrier 40 behaves like a plano-convex lens making the parallel beam coming from the lens 50 converge.
  • the shape of the face 41 and the length of the barrier 40 are determined, as a function of the wavelength of the beam , so that it is focused at a given point, for example to obtain the image of the exit face of the fiber 12 on the cover 44. It is therefore the front face 41 of the barrier 40 which constitutes a second lens of the device.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention has particularly advantageous advantages, the main one of which is good confinement of the pyrotechnic charge before operation and of the products of the detonation after operation.
  • This is obtained by the presence of the transparent barrier 40 which is fixed in leaktight manner inside the body 18, and is made of a material resistant to the effects of detonation.
  • the mounting, adjustment and positioning operations are facilitated by the use of an optical system which makes the laser beam 38 parallel over part of its path.
  • the distance between the barrier 40 and the lens no longer needs to be determined with precision since, even if this distance varies, the beam remains parallel when it arrives at the optical barrier.
  • care must be taken to center the various elements, which is relatively easy insofar as the components of the device have a symmetry of revolution.
  • the barrier 40 has the shape of a truncated cone widening towards the load 23 while, in the case of FIG. 3b, it narrows in the direction of this load.
  • the barrier 40 has the shape of a cylinder.
  • Figures 4 illustrate variants in which the device of the invention is associated with an optical system.
  • the transparent barrier 40 is in the form of a truncated cone widening towards the pyrotechnic charge 23.
  • the transparent barrier it would not go beyond the scope of the invention to give other forms to the transparent barrier, by example the shape of a truncated cone tapering towards the load 23 or of a cylindrical bar as illustrated in FIGS. 3.
  • FIG. 5 represents a preferred embodiment of a laser which can be used in the invention.
  • the laser 10 comprises an amplifier bar 62, a straight flash tube 64, two mirrors 66 and 68, a trigger 70 (with dye or Pockels cell) and electronics 72.
  • the bar 62 is composed of a neodymium doped glass working at a wavelength 1.06 ⁇ m corresponding to an optical window of the optical figure 12.
  • the operation in triggered mode is ensured by the interposition between the two mirrors.
  • the optical cavity of the saturable absorbent 70 (triggering of the passive type) or of a Pockels cell (triggering of the active type).
  • the laser pulse approximately Gaussian in shape, has a pulse duration of the order of 10 ns at mid-height.
  • the optical energy is of the order of 75 mJ with a saturable absorbent as a trigger system and of the order of 150 mJ with a Pockels cell.

Landscapes

  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
EP88401203A 1987-05-20 1988-05-18 Dispositif d'amorçage photopyrotechnique et chaîne photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif Expired - Lifetime EP0292383B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88401203T ATE80453T1 (de) 1987-05-20 1988-05-18 Vorrichtung zum photopyrotechnischen zuenden und photopyrotechnische kette mit einer solchen vorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8707069 1987-05-20
FR8707069A FR2615609B1 (fr) 1987-05-20 1987-05-20 Dispositif d'amorcage photopyrotechnique et chaine photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0292383A1 EP0292383A1 (fr) 1988-11-23
EP0292383B1 true EP0292383B1 (fr) 1992-09-09

Family

ID=9351263

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401203A Expired - Lifetime EP0292383B1 (fr) 1987-05-20 1988-05-18 Dispositif d'amorçage photopyrotechnique et chaîne photopyrotechnique utilisant ce dispositif

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4870903A (no)
EP (1) EP0292383B1 (no)
JP (1) JPS63311097A (no)
AT (1) ATE80453T1 (no)
CA (1) CA1324733C (no)
DE (1) DE3874413T2 (no)
DK (1) DK165710C (no)
ES (1) ES2035333T3 (no)
FR (1) FR2615609B1 (no)
IL (1) IL86441A (no)
NO (1) NO170041C (no)

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US5036767A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-08-06 Whittaker Ordnance, Inc. Optical window for laser-initiated explosive devices
US5179246A (en) * 1991-01-28 1993-01-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Laser actuated thru-bulkhead initiator for detonable explosive material, pyrotechnic material and remotely located pyrotechnic or propellant material
US5099761A (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-03-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Laser actuated thru-bulkhead initiator
US5206455A (en) * 1991-03-28 1993-04-27 Quantic Industries, Inc. Laser initiated ordnance systems
US5406889A (en) * 1993-09-03 1995-04-18 Morton International, Inc. Direct laser ignition of ignition products
US5542247A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-08-06 Lockheed Corporation Apparatus powered using laser supplied energy
US5473885A (en) * 1994-06-24 1995-12-12 Lockheed Corporation Pulse detonation engine
US5579633A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-12-03 Lockheed Martin Corporation Annular pulse detonation apparatus and method
US5546744A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-08-20 Lockheed Martin Pulse detonation apparatus with spherical seals
US5557926A (en) * 1994-06-24 1996-09-24 Lockheed-Martin Pulse detonation apparatus with inner and outer Spherical valves
US5615548A (en) * 1995-07-26 1997-04-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dual rotor pulse detonation apparatus
US5660413A (en) * 1995-08-24 1997-08-26 Trw Vehicle Safety Systems Inc. Air bag inflator with laser diode initiator
DE19616627A1 (de) * 1996-04-26 1997-11-06 Dynamit Nobel Ag Anzündmischungen
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US6276276B1 (en) * 1999-08-19 2001-08-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Thin-film optical initiator
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FR2831659B1 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2004-04-09 Saint Louis Inst Detonateur optique basse energie
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US9021782B1 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Aerospace laser ignition/ablation variable high precision thruster
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4870903A (en) 1989-10-03
DE3874413D1 (de) 1992-10-15
FR2615609B1 (fr) 1991-12-20
IL86441A (en) 1993-01-31
DE3874413T2 (de) 1993-03-11
DK274988D0 (da) 1988-05-19
NO170041C (no) 1992-09-02
DK274988A (da) 1988-11-21
NO170041B (no) 1992-05-25
EP0292383A1 (fr) 1988-11-23
JPS63311097A (ja) 1988-12-19
CA1324733C (en) 1993-11-30
NO882230L (no) 1988-11-21
ATE80453T1 (de) 1992-09-15
DK165710C (da) 1993-05-24
DK165710B (da) 1993-01-04
ES2035333T3 (es) 1993-04-16
NO882230D0 (no) 1988-05-20
FR2615609A1 (fr) 1988-11-25

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