EP0291026B1 - Method and apparatus for making matt and napped polymer materials - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for making matt and napped polymer materials Download PDFInfo
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- EP0291026B1 EP0291026B1 EP88107528A EP88107528A EP0291026B1 EP 0291026 B1 EP0291026 B1 EP 0291026B1 EP 88107528 A EP88107528 A EP 88107528A EP 88107528 A EP88107528 A EP 88107528A EP 0291026 B1 EP0291026 B1 EP 0291026B1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C11/00—Teasing, napping or otherwise roughening or raising pile of textile fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C29/00—Finishing or dressing, of textile fabrics, not provided for in the preceding groups
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the treatment of sheet, ribbon or thread-shaped polymeric products, in particular products made of synthetic fibers, preferably made of synthetic fibers, or polymer films by exposure to fine particles of organic or inorganic solids.
- CH-A-34 99 47 describes a device for treating thread-like or web-like material, in which the material is passed through a layer of swirling particles which are held in suspension by an upward gas stream.
- the aim is to avoid the formation of a unidirectional flow, for which facilities are provided in the vicinity of the goods which prevent a greater horizontal movement of larger quantities of particles towards and away from the goods.
- the material is thus passed through the suspended particles in the form of glass spheres, so that only a gentle contact takes place, which cannot cause the surface of the material to be roughened.
- polyester and polyamide fibers are among the top synthetic fibers.
- the filaments of these two fibers are cylindrical and have a smooth surface, apart from the low proportion of profile silk spun with special nozzles.
- these fibers and the products made from them have a shiny effect and they feel smooth (soapy, greasy).
- the spin-matted fibers also have one considerable shine.
- fabrics made of natural fibers, especially wool and cotton have a matt appearance and a rough (woolly) feel.
- the sheen and feel of textile fabrics are properties that are dictated by fashion.
- the general idea of high quality textile products is based on those made from natural fibers.
- the development of chemical fibers and their modification was and is therefore aimed at the production of fibers and products that combine new, positive usage properties and proven (and familiar) properties of natural fibers.
- the object on which the invention is based is therefore to design the method of the type mentioned at the outset and the device for carrying out the method in such a way that products with a matt and rough surface can be produced without destruction.
- Sand, corundum, glass or metal particles can be used as solid particles.
- the individual solid particles can consist of a single substance or of several substances. Mixtures of different solid particles can also be used.
- the solid particles can consist wholly or partly of substances which are partially transferred to the sheet-like, tape-like or thread-like polymeric products when they are loaded.
- the application can also take place in that the endless sheet-like, ribbon-like or thread-like polymeric products are continuously passed through stationary or moving solid particles.
- the sheet-like, tape-like or thread-like polymeric products can also be applied in the swollen state. It is expedient to apply preparation agents to the sheet-like, tape-like or wheel-shaped polymeric products before the application of solid particles, or to dye them, or to print or coat them.
- the device for producing matt and rough flat or band-shaped polymer products in which an abrasive is thrown by a gas stream from a nozzle onto a fabric guided over a deflection roller, is characterized in that a deflection roller projects into a radiation chamber, the gap between the deflection roller and the radiation chamber is sealed by special sealing strips.
- the inside of the radiation chamber is provided with a wear protection lining.
- an acceleration channel protrudes into the radiation chamber. The distance between the exit edge of the acceleration channel and the deflection roller is adjustable.
- the acceleration channel is constructed as a flat channel with a rectangular cross section, in which solid particles are accelerated by a gas stream, for example an air stream.
- the channel exit edge is parallel to the cylinder axis of the deflection roller.
- the opening of the radiation chamber, through which the acceleration channel protrudes, is covered with a cover that both close to the radiation chamber and the acceleration channel.
- the bottom of the radiation chamber is funnel-shaped. This removes the gas that carries blasting media and dust.
- roller heating By limiting the roller heating to selected areas of the roller surface, pattern-like areas with more intense roughening and matting effects and / or pattern-like areas in which reactions between the polymer and substances that are wholly or partly part of the solid particles or the gas stream take place are achieved in the fabric .
- Reactions between the polymeric sheet and substances that are wholly or partially part of the solid particles or the gas stream can also be triggered by reactive species being formed by high-energy rays, preferably by electron beams, in the sheet structure before being exposed to solid particles or in selected areas will.
- Roughing and matting effects arranged in a pattern can be achieved by means of a perforated stencil which is arranged in the application area in front of the fabric.
- This template can be arranged stationary or it can move synchronously with the fabric or relative to the fabric.
- the object is also achieved in that a web-shaped flexible sheet is moved over a curved hard surface of a deflecting roller and is brought into contact with a stationary air vortex on this surface. Solid particles are placed in this stationary air vortex, which act on the fabric during each revolution.
- a suction pipe In the center of the vortex there is a suction pipe, the cross section of which is dimensioned such that the solid particles, when they have reached the wear limit with regard to their size, are conveyed out of the vortex with the exhaust air and are removed from the air by known separating devices.
- a fresh air and a solid particle supply duct as well as a suction tube which generates a vacuum in the housing by suction are arranged in a housing which has an opening for the solid material to act upon the web.
- the suction pipe is attached to the central axis of the housing and has a suction slot.
- the solid particle supply duct opens into the fresh air supply duct.
- an undyed fabric made of polyester silk 1 with a mass per unit area of 60 g / m 2 and a width of 1 m is passed over a rotating drum 2 and corundum particles of 0.5 mm particle size are applied in area A.
- the corundum particles are fed via a 1 m wide inflow container 3 and accelerated by an air stream emerging from the 1 m wide nozzle 4.
- the air is at room temperature.
- the treatment makes the fabric matt and rough to the touch on the side exposed to corundum particles. It also becomes softer and denser and the position of the threads relative to one another becomes more even.
- a polyester film 1 m wide and 40 ⁇ m thick is first treated on one side in the same way as in Example 1. However, it is loaded with micro glass balls of 0.1 mm in diameter. The other side of the film is then treated in the same way. This treatment makes the film matt and rough on both sides, and the transparency is reduced.
- a dyed and coated polyamide silk fabric on one side is first exposed to quartz sand particles of 1.5 mm in size A on the coated side as in Example 1. Subsequently, quartz sand of 0.7 mm particle size is applied to it on the uncoated side in area B (FIG. 1). This treatment on both sides makes the fabric softer, rough and matt. The water permeability through the coating is retained.
- An undyed knitted polyester fabric is treated analogously to Example 1. However, it is loaded with quartz sand particles of 0.5 mm in size, which were previously treated in a dispersion of disperse dye and then dried. The particles are accelerated with hot air at 190 ° C. The effects mentioned in Example 1 are achieved and the knitted fabric is also dyed.
- An undyed polyester fabric is treated analogously to Example 1. However, a mixture of quartz sand particles and disperse dye granules (mixing ratio 1:10) is applied. The particles are accelerated with air at room temperature. The dye is fixed on the fabric by the known thermal aftertreatment. The treatment leads to the effects mentioned in Example 4.
- a polypropylene thread 5 (FIG. 3) is passed through the chamber 6 filled with quartz sand particles of 0.7 mm particle size.
- the sand particles are heated to 125 ° C. by the jacket heater 7. This treatment gives the thread a fine-grained surface, which makes it matt and rough.
- FIG. 4 shows a section through the device and FIG. 5 shows a side view of the device.
- the web 8 is moved with tension by known means over the deflection roller 9.
- the deflecting roller 9 protrudes on the side where the material web 8 rests into the radiation chamber 10, the bottom 11 of which is designed in a funnel shape for the removal of air, blasting medium and dust.
- the radiation channel 12 projects through an opening into the radiation chamber 10. This opening is closed with a divided cover 13.
- the acceleration channel 12 is easily exchangeable.
- acceleration channels of different widths can be installed very easily. As a result, the radiation conditions can be changed over a wide range.
- the blasting medium for example corundum particles, which is caught by the air flow, is thrown through the acceleration channel 12 and the acceleration chamber 10 onto the material web 8. After stepping onto the web 8, the blasting agent falls onto the floor 11 of the radiation chamber 10 and is removed from there by known methods.
- a flexible fabric web 14 is moved over a deflection roller 15 according to FIG.
- zone A it is in direct contact with a stationary air vortex 16 which is guided through a housing 17.
- the suction tube 18 In the center of the vortex 16 is the suction tube 18 with the slot 19, which is dimensioned so that the vortex has the same pressure and thus the same speed over the entire width.
- the suction creates a negative pressure in the housing 7, whereby fresh air that drives the vortex flows in through the channel 20.
- solid particles are introduced into the air stream, which circulate with the vortex inside the housing 17 and impinge on the web 14 in each zone A zone.
- the worn particles are guided with the air flow through the slot 19 into the suction pipe 18 and conducted out of the device with the exhaust air.
- the device In operation of the device, after the required amount of particles has been added to the vortex, only the wearing amount of particles has to be added through the channel 21.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Behandlung von flächen-, band- oder fadenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnissen, insbesondere Erzeugnissen aus Chemiefaserstoffen, vorzugsweise aus synthetischen Faserstoffen, oder Polymerfolien durch Beaufschlagung mit feinen Partikeln aus organischen oder anorganischen Feststoffen.The invention relates to a process for the treatment of sheet, ribbon or thread-shaped polymeric products, in particular products made of synthetic fibers, preferably made of synthetic fibers, or polymer films by exposure to fine particles of organic or inorganic solids.
Die CH-A-34 99 47 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von faden- oder bahnförmigem Gut, in welcher das Gut durch eine Schicht wirbelnder Partikel geführt wird, die durch einen aufwärtsgerichteten Gasstrom in der Schwebe gehalten werden. Dabei soll die Bildung eines einseitig gerichteten Stroms vermieden werden, wofür in der Nähe des Gutes Einrichtungen vorgesehen sind, die eine stärkere horizontale Bewegung größerer Mengen von Partikeln zu dem Gut hin und von diesem weg unterbinden. Das Gut wird somit durch die in der Schwebe gehaltenen Partikel in Form von Glaskugeln hindurchgeführt, so daß lediglich eine sanfte Berührung stattfindet, die eine Aufrauhung der Gutoberfläche nicht bewirken kann.CH-A-34 99 47 describes a device for treating thread-like or web-like material, in which the material is passed through a layer of swirling particles which are held in suspension by an upward gas stream. The aim is to avoid the formation of a unidirectional flow, for which facilities are provided in the vicinity of the goods which prevent a greater horizontal movement of larger quantities of particles towards and away from the goods. The material is thus passed through the suspended particles in the form of glass spheres, so that only a gentle contact takes place, which cannot cause the surface of the material to be roughened.
Synthetische Faserstoffe zeichnen sich gegenüber Naturfaserstoffen durch eine Reihe hervorragender Gebrauchseigenschaften aus. Unter den synthetischen Faserstoffen nehmen die Polyester- und Polyamidfaserstoffe eine Forrangstellung ein. Die Elementarfäden dieser beiden Faserstoffe sind zylinderförmig und besitzen eine glatte Oberfläche, abgesehen von dem am Gesamtaufkommen geringen Anteil an mit speziellen Düsen ersponnenen Profilseiden. Dadurch wirken diese Faserstoffe und die daraus hergestellten Erzeugnisse glänzend, und sie fühlen sich glatt (seifig, speckig) an. Auch die spinnmattierten Faserstoffe besitzen noch einen beträchtlichen Glanz. Im Gegensatz dazu haben Flächengebilde aus Naturfaserstoffen, insbesondere aus Wolle und Baumwolle, ein mattes Aussehen und einen rauhen (wolligen) Griff. Diese Glanz- und Griffunterschiede treten besonders beim Vergleich von Flächengebilden aus Polyester- bzw. Polyamidseiden mit Flächengebilden aus Wolle oder Baumwolle hervor. Flächengebilde aus Polyesterfasern kommen dagegen den Naturfasererzeugnissen in diesen Eigenschaften näher. Gestaltänderungen der Polyester- und Polyamidfaserstoffe im makroskopischen Bereich, z. B. durch Kräuseln oder Texturieren, führen nur zu einer minimalen Annäherung an die Mattigkeit und den Griff der Naturfaserstoffe. Gleiches gilt für die mit Profildüsen ersponnenen Faserstoffe. Die das Licht in einer Richtung reflektierenden Oberflächenbereiche der Elementarfäden sind auch bei den Profilseiden noch zu groß, um Glanzeffekte auszuschließen. Durch das Kräuseln bzw. Texturieren wird zwar der Faden und damit das Flächengebilde voluminöser und weicher; der glatte, seifige Griff wird jedoch nicht wesentlich beeinflußt.Compared to natural fibers, synthetic fibers are characterized by a number of excellent usage properties. Polyester and polyamide fibers are among the top synthetic fibers. The filaments of these two fibers are cylindrical and have a smooth surface, apart from the low proportion of profile silk spun with special nozzles. As a result, these fibers and the products made from them have a shiny effect and they feel smooth (soapy, greasy). The spin-matted fibers also have one considerable shine. In contrast, fabrics made of natural fibers, especially wool and cotton, have a matt appearance and a rough (woolly) feel. These differences in gloss and feel are particularly evident when comparing fabrics made of polyester or polyamide silk with fabrics made of wool or cotton. Flat structures made of polyester fibers, on the other hand, come closer to natural fiber products in these properties. Shape changes of the polyester and polyamide fiber materials in the macroscopic area, e.g. B. by ruffling or texturing, lead to a minimal approximation to the mattness and the feel of the natural fibers. The same applies to the fiber materials spun with profile nozzles. The surface areas of the filaments reflecting the light in one direction are still too large for the profile silk to exclude gloss effects. The ruffling or texturing makes the thread and thus the fabric more voluminous and softer; however, the smooth, soapy feel is not significantly affected.
Durch Rauhen, Schmirgeln und davon abgeleiteten Verfahren werden bei Flächengebilden aus synthetischen Seiden einzelne Elementarfäden - meist aus einem besonderen Fadensystem - zerrissen, so daß die Rißenden aus der Oberfläche der Flächengebilde herausragen und einen Faserflor bilden. Diese Rißenden bewirken einerseits eine diffuse Reflexion des Lichtes, die Flächengebilde erscheinen matt, und andererseits führen sie zu einem weichen, wolligen Griff. Diese velourartigen Flächengebilde sind Jedoch nur für spezifische Einsatzgebiete von Interesse. Außerdem setzen diese Behandlungen bestimmte Konstruktionen der Flächengebilde voraus; z. B. können glatte, dichte Gewebe auf diese Weise nicht behandelt werden. Analog ist der geringere Glanz und der wolligere Griff von Flächengebilden aus Garnen auf die aus dem Fadenverband herausstehenden Faserenden zurückzuführen. Glanz und Griff textiler Flächengebilde sind einerseits Eigenschaften, die von der Mode diktiert werden. Andererseits orientiert sich die allgemeine Vorstellung von qualitativ hochwertigen textilen Erzeugnissen an jenen, die aus Naturfaserstoffen hergestellt sind. Die Entwicklung von Chemiefaserstoffen und deren Modifizierung war und ist daher auf die Herstellung von Faserstoffen und Erzeugnissen ausgerichtet, die neue, positive Gebrauchseigenschaften und bewährte (und gewohnte) Eigenschaften der Naturfaserstoffe in sich vereinigen.By roughening, sanding and processes derived therefrom, single filaments - mostly from a special thread system - are torn in fabrics made of synthetic silk, so that the torn ends protrude from the surface of the fabrics and form a fibrous web. On the one hand, these cracks cause a diffuse reflection of the light, the fabrics appear matt, and on the other hand they lead to a soft, woolly feel. However, these velor-like fabrics are only of interest for specific areas of application. In addition, these treatments require certain structures of the fabrics; e.g. B. Smooth, dense tissues cannot be treated in this way. Analogue the lower sheen and the woolier feel of fabrics made from yarn is due to the fiber ends protruding from the thread structure. The sheen and feel of textile fabrics are properties that are dictated by fashion. On the other hand, the general idea of high quality textile products is based on those made from natural fibers. The development of chemical fibers and their modification was and is therefore aimed at the production of fibers and products that combine new, positive usage properties and proven (and familiar) properties of natural fibers.
Unter diesem Aspekt ist auch die Forderung zu sehen, Glanz und Griff der synthetischen Faserstoffe denen der Naturfaserstoffe anzunähern.
Polymerfolien, beispielsweise aus Polyester, Polyamid, Polyäthylen oder Triacetat, besitzen glatte, teilweise glänzende Oberflachen und eine hohe Transparenz.
Diese Eigenschaften sind für verschiedene Einsatzgebiete nachteilig. Bekannt ist, daß Folien von begrenzter Größe auf einem Rütteltisch durch aufgeschütteten Sand aufgerauht werden. Dieses Verfahren hat aber den Nachteil, daß damit keine kontinuierliche Aufrauhung endloser Bahnen oder Bänder aus Polymerfolie möglich ist. Weiterhin ist bekannt, daß durch Prägen mit Walzen, die eine dem Prägemuster entsprechende Oberfläche besitzen, strukturierte Folienoberflächen erreicht werden. Glanz, Griff und Transparenz der Folien werden damit aber nur unwesentlich beeinflußt. Nach einem bekannten Verfahren kann eine Rauhigkeit von Folien auch durch Zusatz entsprechender Stoffe zu Beschichtungen, z. B. durch Zusatz von Reisstärke zu Gelatine, erreicht werden. Dieses Verfahren hat aber den Nachteil, daß es mit einer Beschichtung der Folie verbunden ist.The requirement to bring the gloss and feel of synthetic fibers closer to those of natural fibers should also be seen from this perspective.
Polymer films, for example made of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene or triacetate, have smooth, partly shiny surfaces and a high degree of transparency.
These properties are disadvantageous for different areas of application. It is known that foils of limited size are roughened on a vibrating table by sand. However, this process has the disadvantage that continuous roughening of endless webs or strips of polymer film is not possible. It is also known that structured foil surfaces are achieved by embossing with rollers that have a surface corresponding to the embossing pattern. The gloss, grip and transparency of the foils are only slightly affected. According to a known method, roughness of foils can also be achieved by adding appropriate substances to coatings, e.g. B. by adding rice starch to gelatin. However, this method has the disadvantage that it is associated with a coating of the film.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe besteht deshalb darin, das Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sowie die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens so auszugestalten, daß Erzeugnisse mit matter und rauher Oberfläche zerstörungsfrei hergestellt werden können.The object on which the invention is based is therefore to design the method of the type mentioned at the outset and the device for carrying out the method in such a way that products with a matt and rough surface can be produced without destruction.
Diese Aufgabe wird ausgehend von dem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß die flächen-, band- oder fadenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse als endlose Erzeugnisse kontinuierlich bewegt werden und daß dabei die Feststoffpartikel mechanisch oder durch einen Gas- oder Flüssigkeitsstrom so aufgestrahlt werden, daß die Erzeugnisse weder ganz noch teilweise zerstört werden, stattdessen lediglich ihre Oberfläche so verändert wird, daß sie matt und rauh ist.This object is achieved on the basis of the method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the sheet-like, tape-like or thread-like polymeric products are moved continuously as endless products and that the solid particles are blasted mechanically or by a gas or liquid stream in such a way that the Products are not wholly or partially destroyed, but instead their surface is changed so that it is matt and rough.
Als Feststoffpartikel können Sand-, Korund-, Glas- oder Metallpartikel, vorzugsweise mit einer Partikelgröße von 0,1 bis 2 mm, verwendet werden. Dabei können die einzelnen Feststoffpartikel aus einer einheitlichen Substanz oder aus mehreren Substanzen bestehen. Es können auch Mischungen aus verschiedenen Feststoffpartikeln verwendet werden. Die Feststoffpartikel können ganz oder teilweise aus Substanzen bestehen, die bei der Beaufschlagung teilweise auf die flächen-, band- oder fadenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse übertragen werden. Die Beaufschlagung kann auch dadurch erfolgen, daß die endlosen flächen-, band- oder fadenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse kontinuierlich durch ruhende oder bewegte Feststoffpartikel geführt werden. Die flächen-, band- oder fadenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse konnen auch im gequollenen Zustand beaufschlagt werden. Zweckmäßig ist es, auf die flächen-, band- oder radenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse vor der Beaufschlagung mit Feststoffpartikeln Präparationsmittel aufzubringen, oder diese zu färben, oder zu bedrucken, oder zu beschichten.Sand, corundum, glass or metal particles, preferably with a particle size of 0.1 to 2 mm, can be used as solid particles. The individual solid particles can consist of a single substance or of several substances. Mixtures of different solid particles can also be used. The solid particles can consist wholly or partly of substances which are partially transferred to the sheet-like, tape-like or thread-like polymeric products when they are loaded. The application can also take place in that the endless sheet-like, ribbon-like or thread-like polymeric products are continuously passed through stationary or moving solid particles. The sheet-like, tape-like or thread-like polymeric products can also be applied in the swollen state. It is expedient to apply preparation agents to the sheet-like, tape-like or wheel-shaped polymeric products before the application of solid particles, or to dye them, or to print or coat them.
Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, die Beaufschlagung bei einer Temperatur von 15 °C bis zur Erweichungstemperatur des jeweiligen Polymeren durchzuführen.
Diese so behandelten flächen-, band- oder radenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse sind gegenüber den unbehandelten Materialien matt und rauh. Textile Materialien aus synthetischen Faserstoffen erhalten durch die Behandlung einen weichen, wolligen Griff und werden naturfaserstoffähnlicher. Durch die Behandlung von textilen Flächengebilden wird weiterhin die Lage der Fäden zueinander vergleichmäßigt; es wird ein gleichmäßigeres und dichteres Warenbild erreicht. Behandelte Polymerfolien sind außerdem weniger transparent.
Das Verfahren ist auch zur Behandlung von nichtpolymeren Folien, beispielsweise zur Aufrauhung der Oberfläche und zur Verminderung des Glanzes von Aluminiumfolien, geeignet. Die Vorrichtung zur Herstellung matter und rauher flächen- oder bandförmiger polymerer Erzeugnisse, bei der ein Strahlmittel durch einen Gasstrom aus einer Düse auf ein über eine Umlenkwalze geführtes Flächengebilde geschleudert wird, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Umlenkwalze in eine Bestrahlungskammer hineinragt, wobei der Spalt zwischen der Umlenkwalze und der Bestrahlungskammer durch spezielle Dichtleisten abgedichtet ist. Die Bestrahlungskammer ist innen mit einer Verschleißschutzauskleidung versehen.
Gegenüberliegend von der Umlenkwalze ragt ein Beschleunigungskanal in die Bestrahlungskammer hinein. Der Abstand zwischen der Austrittskante des Beschleunigungskanales und der Umlenkwalze ist einstellbar. Der Beschleunigungskanal ist als ebener Kanal mit Rechteckquerschnitt aufgebaut, in dem Feststoffpartikel durch einen Gasstrom, beispielsweise einen Luftstrom, beschleunigt werden. Die Kanalaustrittskante liegt parallel zur Zylinderachse der Umlenkwalze. Die Öffnung der Bestrahlungskammer, durch die der Beschleunigungskanal hineinragt, ist mit einem Deckel, der sowohl an der Bestrahlungskammer als auch am Beschleunigungskanal dicht anliegt, verschlossen. Der Boden der Bestrahlungskammer ist trichterförmig ausgeführt. Hierdurch wird das Gas, das Strahlmittel und Staub mitführt, abgesaugt.
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es von Vorteil, die Walze, über die das Flächengebilde im Beaufschlagungsbereich geführt wird, auf bekannte Weise zu beheizen. Dadurch werden besonders intensive Rauh- und Mattierungseffekte erreicht und/oder Rekationen zwischen dem Polymeren und Substanzen ausgelöst, die ganz oder teilweise die Feststoffpartikel bilden oder die ganz oder teilweise den die Feststoffpartikel transportierenden Gasstrom bilden.It is particularly advantageous to carry out the application at a temperature of from 15 ° C. to the softening temperature of the respective polymer.
These flat, ribbon or wheel-shaped polymer products treated in this way are matt and rough compared to the untreated materials. The treatment gives textile materials made of synthetic fibers a soft, woolly feel and they become more similar to natural fibers. By treating textile fabrics, the position of the threads is further equalized; a more uniform and denser product appearance is achieved. Treated polymer films are also less transparent.
The process is also suitable for the treatment of non-polymer films, for example for roughening the surface and reducing the gloss of aluminum films. The device for producing matt and rough flat or band-shaped polymer products, in which an abrasive is thrown by a gas stream from a nozzle onto a fabric guided over a deflection roller, is characterized in that a deflection roller projects into a radiation chamber, the gap between the deflection roller and the radiation chamber is sealed by special sealing strips. The inside of the radiation chamber is provided with a wear protection lining.
Opposite the deflection roller, an acceleration channel protrudes into the radiation chamber. The distance between the exit edge of the acceleration channel and the deflection roller is adjustable. The acceleration channel is constructed as a flat channel with a rectangular cross section, in which solid particles are accelerated by a gas stream, for example an air stream. The channel exit edge is parallel to the cylinder axis of the deflection roller. The opening of the radiation chamber, through which the acceleration channel protrudes, is covered with a cover that both close to the radiation chamber and the acceleration channel. The bottom of the radiation chamber is funnel-shaped. This removes the gas that carries blasting media and dust.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous to heat the roller, over which the fabric is guided in the area to which it is applied, in a known manner. As a result, particularly intense roughening and matting effects are achieved and / or reactions are initiated between the polymer and substances which form all or part of the solid particles or which form part or all of the gas stream transporting the solid particles.
Durch die Begrenzung der Walzenbeheizung auf ausgewählte Bereiche der Walzenoberfläche werden im Flächengebilde musterartige Bereiche mit intensiveren Rauh- und Mattierungseffekten und/oder musterartige Bereiche, in denen Reaktionen zwischen dem Polymeren und Substanzen erfolgen, die ganz oder teilweise Bestandteil der Feststoffpartikel oder des Gasstromes sind, erzielt.By limiting the roller heating to selected areas of the roller surface, pattern-like areas with more intense roughening and matting effects and / or pattern-like areas in which reactions between the polymer and substances that are wholly or partly part of the solid particles or the gas stream take place are achieved in the fabric .
Reaktionen zwichen dem polymeren Flächengebilde und Substanzen, die ganz oder teilweise Bestandteil der Feststoffpartikel oder des Gasstromes sind, können auch dadurch ausgelöst werden, daß im Flächengebilde vor der Beaufschlagung mit Feststoffpartikeln ganz oder in ausgewählten Bereichen reaktionsfähige Spezies durch energiereiche Strahlen, vorzugsweise durch Elektronenstrahlen, gebildet werden.Reactions between the polymeric sheet and substances that are wholly or partially part of the solid particles or the gas stream can also be triggered by reactive species being formed by high-energy rays, preferably by electron beams, in the sheet structure before being exposed to solid particles or in selected areas will.
Musterartig angeordnete Rauh- und Mattierungseffekte sind durch eine mit Durchbrüchen versehene Schablone, die im Beaufschlagungsbereich vor dem Flächengebilde angeordnet ist, zu erzielen. Diese Schablone kann stationär angeordnet werden oder sie kann sich synchron mit dem Flächengebilde oder relativ zum Flächengebilde bewegen.Roughing and matting effects arranged in a pattern can be achieved by means of a perforated stencil which is arranged in the application area in front of the fabric. This template can be arranged stationary or it can move synchronously with the fabric or relative to the fabric.
Die Aufgabe wird außerdem dadurch gelöst, daß ein bahnförmiges flexibles Flächengebilde über eine gewölbte harte Fläche einer Umlenkwalze bewegt und auf dieser Fläche mit einem stationären Luftwirbel in Berührung gebracht wird. In diesen stationären Luftwirbel werden Feststoffpartikel gegeben, die bei jedem Umlauf das Flächengebilde beaufschlagen.
Im Zentrum des Wirbels ist ein Absaugrohr angeordnet, dessen Querschnitt so bemessen ist, daß die Feststoffpartikel, wenn sie die Verschleißgrenze bezüglich ihrer Größe erreicht haben, mit der Abluft aus dem Wirbel herausgefördert und über bekannte Abscheidevorrichtungen aus der Luft entfernt werden. Dazu sind in einem Gehäuse, das eine Öffnung zum Beaufschlagen der Warenbahn durch Feststoffpartikel aufweist, ein Frischluft-, ein Feststoffpartikel-Zuführkanal sowie ein durch Absaugung einen Unterdruck im Gehäuse erzeugendes Absaugrohr angeordnet. Das Absaugrohr ist in der Mittelachse des Gehäuses angebracht und weist einen Absaugschlitz auf. Der Feststoffpartikel-Zuführkanal mündet in den Frischluft-Zuführkanal.The object is also achieved in that a web-shaped flexible sheet is moved over a curved hard surface of a deflecting roller and is brought into contact with a stationary air vortex on this surface. Solid particles are placed in this stationary air vortex, which act on the fabric during each revolution.
In the center of the vortex there is a suction pipe, the cross section of which is dimensioned such that the solid particles, when they have reached the wear limit with regard to their size, are conveyed out of the vortex with the exhaust air and are removed from the air by known separating devices. For this purpose, a fresh air and a solid particle supply duct as well as a suction tube which generates a vacuum in the housing by suction are arranged in a housing which has an opening for the solid material to act upon the web. The suction pipe is attached to the central axis of the housing and has a suction slot. The solid particle supply duct opens into the fresh air supply duct.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung an Hand der beigefügten Zeichnungen in mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings in several exemplary embodiments.
Entsprechend Fig. 1 wird ein ungefärbtes Gewebe aus Polyesterseide 1 mit einer Flächenmasse von 60 g/m² und 1 m Breite über eine rotierende Trommel 2 geführt und im Bereich A mit Korundpartikeln von 0,5 mm Partikelgröße beaufschlagt. Die Korundpartikel werden über einen 1 m breiten Zuflußbehälter 3 zugeführt und durch einen aus der 1 m breiten Düse 4 austretenden Luftstrom beschleunigt. Die Luft hat Raumtemperatur. Das Gewebe wird durch die Behandlung auf der mit Korundpartikeln beaufschlagten Seite matt und im Griff rauh. Außerdem wird es weicher und dichter, und die Lage der Fäden zueinander wird gleichmäßiger.1, an undyed fabric made of
Eine Polyesterfolie von 1 m Breite und 40 µm Dicke wird zunächst auf einer Seite analog wie in Beispiel 1 behandelt. Jedoch wird sie mit Mikroglaskugeln von 0,1 mm Durchmesser beaufschlagt. Anschließend wird auf gleiche Weise die andere Folienseite behandelt. Die Folie wird durch diese Behandlung auf beiden Seiten matt und rauh, und die Transparenz wird verringert.A polyester film 1 m wide and 40 µm thick is first treated on one side in the same way as in Example 1. However, it is loaded with micro glass balls of 0.1 mm in diameter. The other side of the film is then treated in the same way. This treatment makes the film matt and rough on both sides, and the transparency is reduced.
Ein gefärbtes und einseitig beschichtetes Polyamidseidengewebe wird zunächst auf der beschichteten Seite wie im Beispiel 1 im Bereich A mit Quarzsandpartikeln von 1,5 mm Größe beaufschlagt. Anschließend wird es auf der unbeschichteten Seite im Bereich B mit Quarzsand von 0,7 mm Partikelgröße beaufschlagt (Fig. 1). Das Gewebe wird durch diese beidseitige Behandlung weicher, rauh und matt. Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit durch die Beschichtung bleibt erhalten.A dyed and coated polyamide silk fabric on one side is first exposed to quartz sand particles of 1.5 mm in size A on the coated side as in Example 1. Subsequently, quartz sand of 0.7 mm particle size is applied to it on the uncoated side in area B (FIG. 1). This treatment on both sides makes the fabric softer, rough and matt. The water permeability through the coating is retained.
Ein ungefärbtes Polyestergewirke wird analog wie in Beispiel 1 behandelt. Jedoch wird es mit Quarzsandpartikeln von 0,5 mm Größe, die vorher in einer Dispersion von Dispersionsfarbstoff behandelt und anschließend getrocknet wurden, beaufschlagt. Die Beschleunigung der Partikel erfolgt mit Heißluft von 190°C. Es werden die in Beispiel 1 genannten Effekte erreicht, und außerdem wird das Gewirke gefärbt.An undyed knitted polyester fabric is treated analogously to Example 1. However, it is loaded with quartz sand particles of 0.5 mm in size, which were previously treated in a dispersion of disperse dye and then dried. The particles are accelerated with hot air at 190 ° C. The effects mentioned in Example 1 are achieved and the knitted fabric is also dyed.
Ein ungefärbtes Polyestergewebe wird analog wie in Beispiel 1 behandelt. Jedoch wird es mit einer Mischung aus Quarzsandpartikeln und Dispersionsfarbstoff-Granulat (Mischungsverhältnis 1 : 10) beaufschlagt. Die Beschleunigung der Partikel erfolgt mit Luft von Raumtemperatur. Durch die bekannte thermische Nachbehandlung wird der Farbstoff auf dem Gewebe fixiert. Die Behandlung führt zu den in Beispiel 4 genannten Effekten.An undyed polyester fabric is treated analogously to Example 1. However, a mixture of quartz sand particles and disperse dye granules (mixing ratio 1:10) is applied. The particles are accelerated with air at room temperature. The dye is fixed on the fabric by the known thermal aftertreatment. The treatment leads to the effects mentioned in Example 4.
Ein Polypropylenfaden 5 (Fig. 3) wird durch die mit Quarzsandpartikeln von 0,7 mm Partikelgröße gefüllte Kammer 6 geführt.
Die Sandpartikel werden durch die Mantelheizung 7 auf 125 °C erwärmt. Der Faden erhält durch diese Behandlung eine feinnarbige Oberfläche, wodurch er matt und rauh wird.A polypropylene thread 5 (FIG. 3) is passed through the
The sand particles are heated to 125 ° C. by the
Überraschend war, daß diese Behandlung die flächen-, band-oder fadenförmigen polymeren Erzeugnisse weder ganz noch teilweise zerstört, sondern lediglich die Oberfläche der polymeren Erzeugnisse verändert.It was surprising that this treatment neither completely or partially destroys the flat, tape-like or thread-like polymer products, but merely changes the surface of the polymer products.
Nachstehend wird die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigen Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch die Vorrichtung und Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung.The device for carrying out the method is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. 4 shows a section through the device and FIG. 5 shows a side view of the device.
Die Warenbahn 8 wird mit Spannung durch bekannte Mittel über die Umlenkwalze 9 bewegt. Die Umlenkwalze 9 ragt auf der Seite, wo die Warenbahn 8 anliegt, in die Bestrahlungskammer 10, deren Boden 11 trichterförmig zur Abführung von Luft, Strahlmittel und Staub ausgeführt ist. Der Bestrahlungskanal 12 ragt durch eine Öffnung in die Bestrahlungskammer 10- Diese Öffnung ist mit einem geteilten Deckel 13 verschlossen. Durch Herausziehen aus der Bestrahlungskammer 10 ist der Beschleunigungskanal 12 leicht auswechselbar. Durch Verschieben der unteren Kontur und der unteren Hälfte des Deckels 13 können sehr leicht Beschleunigungskanäle verschiedener Weite eingebaut werden. Dadurch lassen sich die Bestrahlungsbedingungen in einem weiten Bereich ändern. Das vom Luftstrom erfaßte Strahlmittel, beispielsweise Korundpartikel, wird durch den Beschleunigungskanal 12 und die Beschleunigungskammer 10 auf die Warenbahn 8 geschleudert. Nach dem Auftretten auf die Warenbahn 8 fällt das Strahlmittel auf den Boden 11 der Bestrahlungskammer 10 und wird von dort nach bekannten Verfahren abgeführt.The
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nach Fig. 5 eine flexible Warenbahn 14 über eine Umlenkwalze 15 bewegt. Sie steht in der Zone A in direktem Kontakt mit einem stationären Luftwirbel 16, der durch ein Gehäuse 17 geführt wird. Vorteilhaft ist es, das Gehäuse 17 auf der Innenseite gegen Verschleiß zu schützen.
Im Zentrum des Wirbels 16 befindet sich das Absaugrohr 18 mit dem Schlitz 19, der so dimensioniert ist, daß der Wirbel über die gesamte Breite den gleichen Druck und damit die gleiche Geschwindigkeit hat. Durch die Absaugung entsteht ein Unterdruck im Gehäuse 7, wodurch durch den Kanal 20 Frischluft, die den Wirbel antreibt, nachströmt.
Durch den Kanal 21 werden Feststoffpartikel in den Luftstrom gegeben, die mit dem Wirbel im Inneren des Gehäuses 17 umlaufen und bei jedem Umlauf in der Zone A auf die Warenbahn 14 auftreffen. Die verschlissenen Partikel werden mit dem Luftstrom durch den Schlitz 19 in das Absaugrohr 18 geführt und mit der Abluft aus der Vorrichtung herausgeleitet. Beim Betrieb der Vorrichtung ist, nachdem die benötigte Partikelmenge dem Wirbel zugegeben wurde, nur noch die verschleißende Menge an Partikeln durch den Kanal 21 zu ergänzen.According to a special embodiment of the invention, a
In the center of the
Through the
Claims (16)
- Method for treating polymer products in the form of sheets, strips or threads, in particular products made of chemical fibrous material, preferably of synthetic fibrous materials, or polymer foils by bombardment with fine particles of organic or inorganic solids, characterised in that the polymer products in the form of sheets, strips or threads are continuously moved as continuous products; and in that in this connection the solid particles are blasted mechanically or by a gas or liquid stream in such a way that the products are destroyed neither partially nor completely but instead merely their surface is altered such that it is mat and rough.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that sand, glass, corundum or metal particles are used as solid particles, preferably with a particle size of 0.1 to 2 mm.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the individual solid particles consist of a homogeneous substance or a plurality of substances.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that mixtures of various solid particles are used.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the solid particles consist completely or partially of substances which are partially transferred to the threads, bundles of threads or flat shaped articles on bombardment.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polymer products in the form of sheets, strips or threads are bombarded in the swollen state by solid particles.
- Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that preparative agents are applied to the polymer products in the form of sheets, strips or threads before bombardment with solid particles.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polymer products in the form of sheets, strips or threads are coloured, printed or coated before bombardment with solid particles.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that bombardment of the polymer products in the form of sheets, strips or threads is performed with solid particles at a temperature which is between 15°C and the softening point of the polymer in each case.
- Apparatus for performing the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a guide roller (9), guiding a strip (8) of a polymer product, as well as a flat acceleration duct (12), which is opposite the guide roller and has a rectangular cross-section for a blasting medium, project into a blasting chamber (10).
- Apparatus according to Claim 10, characterised in that the discharge edge of the discharge opening of the acceleration duct (12) is parallel to the axis of the guide roller (9).
- Apparatus according to Claims 10 and 11, characterised in that the distance between the guide roller (9) and the discharge opening of the acceleration duct (12) is adjustable.
- Apparatus according to any one of Claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the angle of impact of the blasting medium on the strip (8) can be altered by adjusting the blasting duct (12).
- Apparatus for performing the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that a fresh air duct (20), a solid particle delivery duct (21) and a suction tube (18), which generates vacuum pressure in the housing (17) by suction, are disposed in a housing (17) which comprises an opening for bombardment of the strip (14) by solid particles.
- Apparatus according to Claim 14, characterised in that the suction tube (18) is disposed on the centre line of the housing (17) and comprises a suction slot (19).
- Apparatus according to Claims 14 and 15, characterised in that the solid particle delivery duct (21) opens into the fresh air delivery duct (20).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD302724 | 1987-05-13 | ||
| DD87302724A DD264112A3 (en) | 1987-05-13 | 1987-05-13 | DEVICE FOR PREPARING MATTER AND ROUGH OF FLAE-OR BAND-FERROUS POLYMERIC PRODUCTS |
| DD30272387A DD264111A3 (en) | 1987-05-13 | 1987-05-13 | DEVICE FOR PREPARING MATTER AND ROUGH OF FLAE-OR BAND-FERROUS POLYMERIC PRODUCTS |
| DD302723 | 1987-05-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0291026A2 EP0291026A2 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| EP0291026A3 EP0291026A3 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| EP0291026B1 true EP0291026B1 (en) | 1992-04-22 |
Family
ID=25748138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88107528A Expired - Lifetime EP0291026B1 (en) | 1987-05-13 | 1988-05-10 | Method and apparatus for making matt and napped polymer materials |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4960430A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0291026B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3870307D1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT51539A (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4960430A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1990-10-02 | Veb Greika Greiz Weberei Und Veredlung | Method for manufacturing of mat and rough, laminar, ribbon-shaped or fibrous polymeric products with a stream of particles |
| IT1237368B (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1993-05-31 | Cinpas Di Pastuglia Franca & C | JEANS FABRIC DECOLORATION PROCESS CARRIED OUT THROUGH HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE WATER JETS |
| FR2656343B1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1992-07-24 | Chomarat & Cie | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A REINFORCING TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON RESINS AND NEW TYPE OF REINFORCEMENT. |
| US5404625A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1995-04-11 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for modifying fibers and fabric by impaction with particles |
| US5330790A (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1994-07-19 | Calkins Noel C | Impact implantation of particulate material into polymer surfaces |
| EP0597216A1 (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-05-18 | WILLI HAHN GmbH & CO. KG | Hand-operated screwdriver |
| DE19955660C1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-03-22 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Particle jet treatment for texturing of cloth surfaces, employs particles made from cold, solidified fluid |
| US6602544B2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-08-05 | Veronica Piselli | Mineral compound composite textile material and method of manufacturing |
| DE102007041630B4 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2010-09-30 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Process for producing a fabric from at least partially split yarns, fibers or filaments and apparatus for its production |
| US8980148B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2015-03-17 | Nanotech Industries, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a track membrane |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH349947A (en) * | 1957-03-07 | 1960-11-15 | Britisch Rayon Research Ass | Device for treating thread-like or web-like material |
| US3032889A (en) * | 1958-07-17 | 1962-05-08 | Shri Ram Inst For Ind Res | Guide roller mounting and fluid injection system for fluidized beds for textile treatment |
| GB918629A (en) * | 1960-02-26 | 1963-02-13 | British Rayon Res Ass | Improvements in or relating to fluidised beds |
| CH374358A (en) * | 1961-03-23 | 1963-09-30 | Sandoz Ag | Process for dyeing textile materials with the aid of an electrostatic potential difference |
| US3472430A (en) * | 1966-06-06 | 1969-10-14 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Method and apparatus for producing a dust cloud |
| US3503778A (en) * | 1967-10-30 | 1970-03-31 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Method of coating a substrate with a plastic material |
| NL7414822A (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1975-05-21 | Zimmer Peter | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRINTING FIBER MATERIALS. |
| CH491874A4 (en) * | 1974-04-08 | 1976-03-31 | ||
| SE414606B (en) * | 1976-07-15 | 1980-08-11 | Rothmans Of Pall Mall | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTED PARTICLES ON A LONG-TERM PAPER BAND |
| GB1567036A (en) * | 1976-07-15 | 1980-05-08 | Rothmans Of Pall Mall | Method and apparatus for the application of finely divided particles to an elongate paper band |
| DE2911648A1 (en) * | 1979-03-24 | 1980-09-25 | Winner Texplast Ag | SYSTEM FOR COATING AND FINISHING FLAT-SHAPED MATERIAL RAILS AND METHOD FOR COATING AND FINISHING FLAT-SHAPED MATERIAL RAILS |
| EP0110968A1 (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1984-06-20 | The Polymer Corporation | Epoxy coating powders with wrinkle finishes |
| US4551191A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1985-11-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for uniformly distributing discrete particles on a moving porous web |
| US4717391A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-01-05 | Burlington Industries, Inc. | Method for spraying of dyes from high-boiling solvent dispersions onto open width fabric with heat setting |
| US4960430A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1990-10-02 | Veb Greika Greiz Weberei Und Veredlung | Method for manufacturing of mat and rough, laminar, ribbon-shaped or fibrous polymeric products with a stream of particles |
-
1988
- 1988-04-26 US US07/186,323 patent/US4960430A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-10 DE DE8888107528T patent/DE3870307D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-05-10 EP EP88107528A patent/EP0291026B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-13 HU HU882403A patent/HUT51539A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS642866A (en) | 1989-01-06 |
| EP0291026A2 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| JPH0579468B2 (en) | 1993-11-02 |
| DE3870307D1 (en) | 1992-05-27 |
| HUT51539A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
| US4960430A (en) | 1990-10-02 |
| EP0291026A3 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
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