EP0290341B1 - Kommutator für eine elektrische Rotationsmaschine und Herstellungsverfahren dieses Kommutators - Google Patents

Kommutator für eine elektrische Rotationsmaschine und Herstellungsverfahren dieses Kommutators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0290341B1
EP0290341B1 EP88401083A EP88401083A EP0290341B1 EP 0290341 B1 EP0290341 B1 EP 0290341B1 EP 88401083 A EP88401083 A EP 88401083A EP 88401083 A EP88401083 A EP 88401083A EP 0290341 B1 EP0290341 B1 EP 0290341B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
parts
conical
metal
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88401083A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0290341A1 (de
Inventor
Edouard Bost
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical GEC Alsthom SA
Publication of EP0290341A1 publication Critical patent/EP0290341A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0290341B1 publication Critical patent/EP0290341B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06—Manufacture of commutators
    • H01R43/08—Manufacture of commutators in which segments are not separated until after assembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49009—Dynamoelectric machine
    • Y10T29/49011—Commutator or slip ring assembly

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a collector for a rotary electrical machine and a method of manufacturing this collector.
  • the support can be formed by a substantially tubular alumina piece and the metal blades are generally made of copper, the metal layer fixing the blades on the support can be either a eutectic of copper and copper oxide, or a metallic element of solder.
  • the temperature of the furnace can be brought to a value of the order of 1075 ° C. so as to form, between the ring and the support, a eutectic of the metal of the ring and of an oxide of this metal, this eutectic constituting, after cooling, a metal layer for fixing the ring on the support. It is also possible, before assembly, to metallize the external surface of the support and to interpose between the support and the ring a metallic sheet of solder, the rise in temperature of the oven in the region of 850 ° C. then being sufficient to melt this solder sheet .
  • the collector thus produced can withstand a high operating temperature, of the order of 200 to 300 degrees centigrade. However, it can be seen, in certain cases, that this collector has insufficient mechanical strength for high rotational speeds: in this case, the copper blades are detached by carrying a ceramic film.
  • the present invention aims to overcome this drawback and to provide a collector capable of both operating at high temperatures and mechanically withstanding high rotational speeds.
  • the subject of the present invention is a collector for a rotary electrical machine, of the type mentioned above, in which the support comprises several ceramic parts, arranged along said axis, any two juxtaposed parts being separated one from the other by an axial interval, so as to reduce the length of the generators in contact between the support and the ring.
  • the value of the rise in temperature of the furnace can be sufficient to form between the ceramic parts and the ring a layer of a eutectic of the metal of the ring and of an oxide of this metal.
  • a metallization layer is placed on the conical outer surface of the ceramic parts and a brazing sheet is interposed between the metallization layer of the parts and the conical inner surface of the ring, the value of the rise in temperature of the oven being sufficient to melt the solder sheet.
  • the method of manufacturing a manifold first comprises, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the assembly of two ceramic parts 1 and 2 with a metal ring 3, preferably made of copper.
  • the ring 3 is of revolution around an axis 4 and has a conical inner surface 5.
  • the value of the angle at the top of the cone is not critical.
  • the angle A of axis 4 with the generator of the cone will for example be between arctg 1/20 and arctg 1/50.
  • the ceramic part 2 preferably of alumina, has a conical outer surface 6 of the same conical angle A as that of the conical inner surface 5 of the ring 3.
  • This part 2, of revolution, is arranged coaxially inside of the ring 3 so that the conical surface 6 of this part is in contact with the surface 5 of the ring 3, over a height h2.
  • the ceramic part 1 also made of alumina, has a conical outer surface 7 of the same conical angle A as that of the inner surface 5 of the ring 3.
  • This part 1, also of revolution, is arranged coaxially inside the ring 3 so that its conical surface 7 is in contact with the conical surface 5 of the part 3, over a height h1.
  • the conical surfaces 6 and 7 are machined so that after assembly in the ring 3 the parts 6 and 7 are separated from one another by an axial gap 8, of the order of 1 to 2 mm.
  • the assembly is arranged in an oven 9 so that the axis 4 is vertical and that the ring 3 rests on the base 10 of the oven 9 by means of a cylindrical support 11, for example made of refractory steel.
  • a cylindrical support 11 for example made of refractory steel.
  • the vertical top of the contact cone between the parts 1, 2 and the ring 3 is located downward, below the ring 3. The parts 1 and 2 thus rest on the conical surface 5 of the ring 3.
  • the ring 3 previously surface-oxidized, for example by heating in air at 400 ° C. for 3 min, is assembled as above indicated, and placed in an oven containing a neutral gas with a proportion of 0.05 to 0.5% oxygen.
  • the oven temperature is gradually raised.
  • the parts 1 and 2 move by gravity slightly downwards during heating, the value of the axial interval 8 being substantially retained.
  • the temperature reaches 1065 ° C, the copper oxide layer between the ring 3 and the parts 1 and 2 transforms into a liquid film formed of a copper-copper oxide eutectic, this film being very adherent on the ceramic.
  • the temperature of the oven is raised to 1075 ° C. then gradually lowered so as to solidify the metallic film and form two metallic layers 12 and 13 made up of said eutectic.
  • the cooling causes a tightening of the ring 3 on the ceramic parts 1 and 2. This tightening causes a compression of the metallic layers 12 and 13, which ensures a good fixing of the ring 3 on the alumina parts 1 and 2.
  • the method of manufacturing the collector then comprises a machining of the ring 3 so as to obtain collector blades along radial planes.
  • This machining can be carried out by any suitable means, for example by milling, using a wire saw or by wire EDM.
  • the left part of Figure 2 shows the assembly during the operation of fixing the ring on the ceramic parts.
  • the right part of Figure 2 shows the first blades 14 and 15 cut in the ring 3 by notches made along radial planes.
  • the collector is then machined to final dimensions.
  • the collector produced by the method described above, using two separate ceramic parts, ensuring connections of axial heights h1 and h2, has the advantage of having, at high rotational speeds, very high mechanical strength. greater than that of a known collector produced using a single ceramic part ensuring an axial height connection h1 + h2.
  • the force for tearing off the blades per unit of area is three times greater for a collector according to the invention, produced using two separate ceramic pieces, 40 mm in height, than for a collector made with a ceramic piece 80 mm high according to the known art mentioned above.
  • the axial height h1, h2 of the conical surface in contact with the metal of the ring is preferably less than 60 mm.
  • the increased mechanical strength of the manifold according to the invention can be explained by the following considerations: the reduction of this axial length reduces the longitudinal stresses created in the ring during cooling in the oven, these stresses being transmitted to the ceramic by the metal fixing layer. The reduction of these longitudinal stresses increases the resistance of the ceramic to centrifugation for the high rotational speeds of the collector.
  • FIG. 3 shows an assembly also comprising two ceramic parts 1 and 2, as well as a metal ring 3, similar to those of FIG. 1, but in this case, the ring 3 is not not previously surface-oxidized.
  • metallization layers 16 and 17 are deposited on the cylindrical surfaces of the two ceramic parts, and a brazing sheet 18 is interposed between these layers and the ring 3.
  • Metallization is carried out in a known manner, for example by depositing a molybdenum-manganese paste, followed by baking at 1600 ° C. under humidified hydrogen, then electrolytic deposition of 10 microns of copper or nickel and diffusion annealing to 900 to 1000 ° C under dry hydrogen.
  • the assembly is placed in an oven 9, the ring 3 resting on a support 11 and the top of the assembly cone being directed downwards.
  • the temperature of the oven is raised so as to obtain the melting of the solder sheet 18.
  • the parts 1 and 2 descend progressively while maintaining good contact between the metallization layers and the solder sheet, the value of the axial interval 8 between parts 1 and 2 being substantially preserved.
  • the method of manufacturing the collector finally comprises the operation of separating the blades, similar to that described for the assembly of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are used in methods of manufacturing a manifold similar to that illustrated by Figure 1, but which differ in the number and shape of the ceramic parts.
  • the assembly shown in FIG. 4 also comprises two ceramic parts 19 and 20.
  • the part 20 comprises, in addition to its conical surface, an external cylindrical surface 22 of revolution around the axis 4
  • the part 19 comprises in addition to its conical surface, an inner cylindrical surface 21 of revolution about the axis 4.
  • These surfaces 21 and 22 cooperate by sliding, so as to allow a slight mutual axial displacement of the two parts for example during the operation of heating in the oven, this movement can in no case remove the axial gap 8 between the two parts.
  • the assembly shown in FIG. 5 comprises three ceramic parts 23, 24 and 25.
  • the intermediate part 24 comprises on either side of its conical surface two external cylindrical surfaces 26 and 27 which cooperate respectively with two internal cylindrical surfaces of the parts 23 and 25 opposite the conical surfaces of these two parts.
  • an axial gap such as 28 and 29 is maintained between two adjacent parts, this gap possibly being of the order of 1 to 2 mm.
  • the number of ceramic pieces of the collector is chosen so that, for each piece, the axial height opposite the metal of the ring is less than 60 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Kommutator für eine drehende elektrische Maschine, mit
- einem Träger (1, 2) aus Keramik, der eine äußere Seitenfläche besitzt, die gemäß einer ersten konischen, zu eriner Achse drehsymmetrischen Oberfläche (6, 7) angeordnet ist,
- und Metallplättchen (14, 15) die parallel zu dieser Achse nebeneinander um die äußere Seitenfläche des Trägers angeordnet sind, so daß zwei beliebige nebeneinanderliegende Plättchen durch einen Raum getrennt sind, wobei jedes Plättchen am Träger durch eine Metallschicht (12, 13) befestigt ist, die eine Befestigungsoberfläche des Plättchens mit der äußeren Seitenfläche des Trägers verbindet, wobei die Befestigungsoberflächen der Plättchen gemäß einer zweiten zu dieser Achse drehsymmetrischen konischen Oberfläche angeordnet sind, die im wesentlichen parallel zur ersten konischen Oberfläche liegt, wobei der Träger mehrere Keramikteile (1, 2) enthält, die entlang dieser Achse (4) angeordnet sind, wobei zwei beliebige nebeneinanderliegende Teile (1, 2) voneinander durch einen axialen Zwischenraum (8) getrennt sind.
2. Kommutator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei jedem Keramikteil (1, 2) die Höhe (h₁, h₂) der konischen Oberfläche (7, 6) in Kontakt mit dem Metall der Plättchen, parallel zur Achse (4) gemessen, geringer als 60 mm ist.
3. Kommutator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eines (20) dieser beiden nebeneinanderliegenden Teile (19, 20) weiter eine äußere zylindrische, zu dieser Achse (4) drehsymmetrische Oberfläche (22) aufweist und daß das andere (19) dieser beiden nebeneinanderliegenden Teile weiter eine innere zur diese Achse (4) drehsymmetrische zylindrische Oberfläche aufweist, wobei die zylindrischen Außen- (22) und Innenoberflächen (21) so zusammenwirken, daß sie axial aufeinandergleiten können.
4. Kommutator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallschicht (12, 13) ein Eutektikum des Metalls der Plättchen und eines Oxyds dieses Metalls ist.
5. Kommutator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Metallschicht ein metallisches Lötelement (16, 17, 18) ist.
6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators für eine drehende elektrische Maschine, das die folgenden Schritte aufweist
- ein Metallring (3) mit einer inneren konischen, zu einer Achse (4) drehsymmetrischen Oberfläche wird mit mehreren Teilen (1, 2) aus Keramik zusammengebaut, die je eine konische Außenoberfläche aufweisen, die die gleiche Konusform wie die innere Oberfläche des Rings aufweist, so daß die Außenoberflächen der Teile mit der Innenoberfläche des Rings in Kontakt gebracht werden, wobei die Teile dann voneinander durch einen axialen Zwischenraum (8) getrennt sind,
- diese Einheit wird in einen Ofen (9) gewbracht, derart, daß die Achse (4) senkrecht steht, wobei die gedachte Spitze der konischen Oberflächen der Teile (1, 2) und des Rings (3) nach unten zeigt und der Ring (3) in Bezug auf die Basis (10) des Ofens (9) festgelegt wird, während die Teile (1, 2) frei auf der inneren Oberfläche des Rings (3) aufliegen,
- die Temperatur des Ofens (9) wird auf einen Wert gesteigert, der ausreicht, um nach Abkühlung die Befestigung der Teile (1, 2) auf dem Ring (3) zu erreichen,
- und der Rings (3) wird derart bearbeitet, daß man entlang radialen Ebenen Kommutatorplättchen (14, 15) erhält.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wert der Temperatursteigerung des Ofens ausreicht, um zwischen den Keramikteilen und dem Ring eine Schicht (12, 13) eines Eutektikums aus dem Metall des Rings (3) und einem Oxid dieses Metalls zu bilden.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Zusammenbau eine Metallschicht (16, 17) auf die äußere konische Oberfläche der Keramikteile (1, 2) aufgebracht wird und daß eine Lötfolie (18) zwischen der Metallschicht der Teile und der inneren konischen Oberfläche des Rings (3) angeordnet wird, wobei der Wert der Temperatursteigerung des Ofens ausreicht, um die Lötfolie (18) zu schmelzen.
EP88401083A 1987-05-04 1988-05-04 Kommutator für eine elektrische Rotationsmaschine und Herstellungsverfahren dieses Kommutators Expired - Lifetime EP0290341B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706240 1987-05-04
FR8706240A FR2615049B1 (fr) 1987-05-04 1987-05-04 Collecteur pour machine electrique tournante et procede de fabrication de ce collecteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0290341A1 EP0290341A1 (de) 1988-11-09
EP0290341B1 true EP0290341B1 (de) 1992-08-12

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ID=9350727

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88401083A Expired - Lifetime EP0290341B1 (de) 1987-05-04 1988-05-04 Kommutator für eine elektrische Rotationsmaschine und Herstellungsverfahren dieses Kommutators

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Country Link
US (1) US4845395A (de)
EP (1) EP0290341B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3873599T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2615049B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2665986B1 (fr) * 1990-07-30 1994-03-18 Peugeot Automobiles Dispositif porte-balais pour machine electrique a collecteur.
IT1245838B (it) * 1990-11-15 1994-10-24 Getters Spa Motore elettrico senza spazzole e rotore relativo.
JPH05219690A (ja) * 1991-02-28 1993-08-27 Hitachi Ltd セラミックス摺動集電体
US5184041A (en) * 1991-03-12 1993-02-02 Shop Vac Corporation Structure for coupling field windings to motor brushes
JPH05226047A (ja) * 1991-03-18 1993-09-03 Hitachi Ltd コンデンサ内蔵整流子及びその製造方法
DE19617524A1 (de) * 1996-05-02 1997-11-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators
NO963687A (no) * 1996-09-03 1997-12-22 Svein Hestevik Kommutator
DE19854843A1 (de) 1998-11-27 2000-06-08 Kirkwood Ind Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Stromwenden, insbesondere Kommutator, und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Vorrichtung
DE10352829A1 (de) * 2003-11-12 2005-06-23 Hilti Ag Kommutator

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3777367A (en) * 1971-12-02 1973-12-11 Ametek Inc Method of fabricating a commutator
US3781981A (en) * 1972-02-28 1974-01-01 Nippon Denko Method for making armature-commutator assembly having armature winding of very small diameter
US3766634A (en) * 1972-04-20 1973-10-23 Gen Electric Method of direct bonding metals to non-metallic substrates
DE3036128C2 (de) * 1980-09-25 1983-08-18 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Verfahren zum direkten Verbinden von Kupferfolien mit Oxidkeramiksubstraten
US4500383A (en) * 1982-02-18 1985-02-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Process for bonding copper or copper-chromium alloy to ceramics, and bonded articles of ceramics and copper or copper-chromium alloy
JPS5972963A (ja) * 1982-10-20 1984-04-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 整流子
JPS59184008A (ja) * 1983-03-31 1984-10-19 Nhk Spring Co Ltd 車輛懸架装置
EP0127801B1 (de) * 1983-06-03 1986-10-22 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Kollektor für eine elektrische Maschine und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US4746054A (en) * 1985-08-29 1988-05-24 Northrop Corporation Method of joining concentric cylinders

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0290341A1 (de) 1988-11-09
FR2615049A1 (fr) 1988-11-10
US4845395A (en) 1989-07-04
DE3873599T2 (de) 1993-02-18
DE3873599D1 (de) 1992-09-17
FR2615049B1 (fr) 1989-06-16

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