EP0286212A2 - Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit - Google Patents

Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286212A2
EP0286212A2 EP88301300A EP88301300A EP0286212A2 EP 0286212 A2 EP0286212 A2 EP 0286212A2 EP 88301300 A EP88301300 A EP 88301300A EP 88301300 A EP88301300 A EP 88301300A EP 0286212 A2 EP0286212 A2 EP 0286212A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
valve
nozzle
chamber
nozzle tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88301300A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0286212A3 (de
Inventor
Frederic S. Mcintyre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Acumeter Laboratories Inc
Original Assignee
Acumeter Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Acumeter Laboratories Inc filed Critical Acumeter Laboratories Inc
Publication of EP0286212A2 publication Critical patent/EP0286212A2/de
Publication of EP0286212A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286212A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/08Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
    • B05B1/083Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3093Recirculation valves, i.e. the valve element opens a passage to the nozzle and simultaneously closes at least partially a return passage the feeding means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/14Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
    • B05B15/18Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/062Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
    • B05B7/066Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05CAPPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0225Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work characterised by flow controlling means, e.g. valves, located proximate the outlet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fluid nozzle appli­cator systems, being more particularly directed to such sys­tems controlled by mechanical or electromechanical valving devices for enabling metered intermittent, patterned, or continuous coatings to be deposited in controlled thickness from the nozzles upon moving webs or other surfaces, as in the application of hot melt adhesives and other coating fluids such as those described, for example, in United States Patents Nos. 3,595,204, 4,020,194 and 4,476,165.
  • Prior valves for enabling such operation particularly with longitudinal slot nozzles and the like, as described in said patents, have included two-way poppet valves with a single fluid supply inlet to the valve assembly (such as the type described in "Extruder Valve", a 1977 bulletin of Acu­meter Laboratories, Inc., the assignee of the present inven­tion), and more recently three-way poppet valve structures enabling precise and constant thickness patterns of fluid coating with negligible after-drool and with a very short stroke that permits more rapid on/off cycle times--such being described in my United States Patent No. 4,565,217.
  • An object of the present invention accordingly, is to provide a new and improved poppet-valve-controlled fluid nozzle applicator particularly useful, though not exclusi­vely, with such extruded spray or atomizing type dispensing applicators and the like.
  • a further object is to provide such a novel applicator that operates with a preferred three-way poppet valve.
  • Still another object is to provide a novel applicator for the intermittent (and continuous) extrusion or spray of fluids through fine needle-like nozzles or dispensers; and further, where desired, to enable the shaping, varying or controlling of the fluid spray in a defined manner during the extrusion.
  • the invention embraces a poppet valve-controlled fluid nozzle applicator system, having, in combination, a longitudinally extending valve stem reciprocally mounted within communicable upper and lower longitudinally displaced fluid chambers, the lower of which transversely communicates with a pressurized and metered fluid supply source and the upper of which com­municates transversely with a fluid return path, the valve stem carrying a poppet valve having upwardly and downwardly converging surface sections and contained within the lower chamber; the region of coummunicating of the upper and lower chambers comprising the valve seat against which the upwardly convergingly shaped surfaces of the poppet valve may bear to close off the upper chamber from the lower chamber when the valve stem reciprocates upward, and with the lower downwardly converging surfaces of the poppet valve terminating in a valve tip; a nozzle applicator mounted to depend from the region of lowermost reciprocation of the poppet valve tip and comprising a hollow insert into which the tip may fit to block fluid flow from the lower
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus of the invention in preferred form
  • valve piston or stem 3 carries at its lower end, in the orientation shown, a valve head 9 having upwardly and downwardly conical converging sec­tions 9 ⁇ and 9 ⁇ contained within the lower chamber 5 ⁇ .
  • the upper converging conical section 9 ⁇ when the stem 3 is reci­procated to its uppermost position, bears against the lower end region 11 ⁇ of the valve seat opening 11 communcating the lower and upper chambers 5 ⁇ and 5 to close off such communi­cation.
  • the lower oppositely or downwardly converging coni­cal section 9 ⁇ of the poppet valve head 9 terminates in a conical tip T that, when the valve stem reciprocates down­wardly to its lowest position or point, enters and blocks off the top of a narrow hollow insert or other recess 13 in the upper portion of a conically terminated extrusion spray or dispensing nozzle 15.
  • the insert or recess 13 communicates directly with a hollow needle-like thinner tube or stem N (that may actually be a hyperdermic- like hollow needle or other tube including a tubular recess preformed in the nozzle cone) in the lower portion of the nozzle housing 15 that, when the valve stem tip T is elevated to open fluid communi­cation from the lower chamber 5 ⁇ into the nozzle hollow insert 13, exits fluid through the lower aperture(s) N ⁇ of the needle nozzle tube or stem.
  • a hollow needle-like thinner tube or stem N that may actually be a hyperdermic- like hollow needle or other tube including a tubular recess preformed in the nozzle cone
  • an atomizer head coaxially surrounds the conical nozzle housing 15, but with a V-shaped somewhat conical space V provided therebetween for enabling relative longitudinal adjustment of the position of the nozzle housing 15 and the aperture A ⁇ of the head A and for later-described conical air flow when desired.
  • Such ad­justment, as by the threaded section 15 ⁇ , Fig. 2 (or other adjustable structure including slidable adjustment), will control the fluid exiting point of the needle, tube or stem opening(s) N ⁇ to recessed positions above the aperture A ⁇ of somewhat larger diameter (Fig. 3A), or to substantial align­ment or a flush position therewith (Fig. 3B), or to extended positions beyond (Fig.
  • the recessed position of Fig. 3A has been found to cause the extruded spray to assume a mainly continuous filament or fiber charac­ter as air introduced at 20 and conically intersecting the extruded fluid in free flight outside and below the nozzle opening N ⁇ , bonds or stretches the fluid into a continuous filament form; the flush position of Fig. 3B, producing a combination of fiber or filaments and droplets; and the extended position of Fig. 3C, producing a spray mainly of droplets.
  • This adjustment thus has been found to permit con­trol of the nature of the extruded spray or deposition and the ratio of fibers-to-droplets, for example.
  • the valve stem 3 is mechanically reciprocated in the illustrative embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2 by pneumatic pressurized-fluid means acting first downwardly upon the air piston head 3 ⁇ of the valve stem or piston 3 from air inlet (outlet) 2 in an air manifold body 4 at the top of the valve body 1, and upwardly on the head 3 ⁇ from the inlet (outlet) 2 ⁇ .
  • the head 3 ⁇ is shown provided with a seal 6 and a lower retaining plate 6 ⁇ (bearing and seal) held on the upper end of the valve stem 3 by hexagonal nuts and washers 8, 8 ⁇ .
  • Upper and lower retaining plates and piston seals are shown at 10, with 'O' rings about the fluid supply and return pipes 7 ⁇ and 7; and a further seal washer 12 at an upper flange of the extrusion nozzle 15.
  • the atomizer insert A may be coaxially circumscribed, totally or in sectors, by an outer housing sleeve H.
  • the sleeve H is provided with an air-flow or other fluid flow passage H ⁇ external to the member A, supplied at 22, and that terminates in downwardly and centrally inwardly oriented exiting trim ear portions H ⁇ to direct further pressurized air or other pressurized fluid) axially inwardly, on the fluid filament shown at the region P in Fig. 1, well below the nozzle and insert openings N ⁇ -A ⁇ .
  • the inwardly directed air cone provi­ded through the V channel in A, acting symmetrically below the nozzle openings N ⁇ and upon the free-flight extruded fluid spray, may be modified, including directionally deflec­ted, by the supplemental trim ear air at H ⁇ , and has been found remarkably to bond continuous very thin filaments or fibers (order of 0.01mm) and/or provide droplets or combina­tions of the same in a controlled and predictable manner to produce the desired coating distribution and dimensions upon the web W, and in either continuous or programmable inter­mittent fashion.
  • Additional air supplied at 24 and from other ears labelled "FAN EARS" in Fig. 4, not shown in Fig. 1 but in back of and in front the nozzle section 15, disposed 90° circumferentially displaced from H ⁇ , for example, can further enable pattern deflection and containing.
  • a hollow needle stem applicator N about 10 mm long and 0.35 mm in diameter, communicating with a carbide wear-resistant insert 13 of about 0.75 mm insider diameter, is useful for this applica­tion, with fiber-to-droplet adjustments ranging from about 0.457 mm above A (Fig. 3A) to about 0.457 mm beyond A (Fig. 3C).
  • the present invention in effect imbeds the fluid nozzle structure 15 into the poppet valve fluid supply chamber 5 ⁇ and enables direct contact with the poppet valve stem 3, with the dimen­sions of the hollow insert 13 and the preferably narrower needle tube applicator N adjusted such that the before-men­tioned additional capacitance of my prior system is entirely obviated and no spurious fluid droplet deposits after valve closure result.
  • the design thus provides for less fluid dis­placement during valve closure.
  • valve stem reciprocating stroke of the present invention has been reduced (to the order of 0.020"--about one-third of that used in prior commercial forms of my before-described patented three-way poppet valve) which prevents any fluid column effect emanating from longer stroke inducement of additional fluid displacement through the nozzle.
  • FIG. 4 A preferred system for operating the poppet-valve-­nozzle system of Figs. 1 and 2 is shown in Fig. 4, with the valve assembly 1 shown supplied by hot melt supply line 7 ⁇ from the positive displacement metering pump MP, driven by a digital motor drive under the control of a speed control con­nected with a web-speed pick-up sensor, in conventional fashion, as so-labelled, for preferred synchronous meter fluid volume and web line speed.
  • the air supplied at A ⁇ via line 20 (“CONE”) and at H ⁇ via line 22 (and, if used, from the before-mentioned "FAN EARS”) is heated at H in view of the hot melt fluid useage, and its flow (volume/velocity) is also preferably synchronously (proportionally) controlled with fluid volume and web line speed at S.
  • the novel nozzle-valve construction and also the novel air interaction structures, if used, may also be employed with two-way poppet valve constructions, though this is not considered as operationally desirable as the three-way valve.
  • a two-way poppet valve construction is shown in Fig. 5, otherwise similar to the three-way poppet valve of Figs. 1 and 2, but with a closed upper fluid chamber 5 ⁇ that is not returned by a return outlet 7 as in the system of Fig. 4. Instead, the two-way valve system is provided in the supply line 7 ⁇ , Fig.
  • a pressure relief valve PR designed to operate open for fluid passage when the two-way poppet valve is closed for intermittent ON/OFF operation, and is connected back to the delivery reservoir or supply tank.
  • the PR valve will redirect the supply fluid to the reservoir tank.
  • the combination of such a two-way poppet valve, together with PR valve will provide for reasonable satisfactory operation, effective up to the point when the PR valve becomes operational, and therefore partially or totally directing all fluid through the PR valve and no fluid to the head 1, by-passing the head and supply chamber 5 ⁇ .

Landscapes

  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
EP88301300A 1987-04-09 1988-02-17 Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit Withdrawn EP0286212A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3626987A 1987-04-09 1987-04-09
US36269 1987-04-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286212A2 true EP0286212A2 (de) 1988-10-12
EP0286212A3 EP0286212A3 (de) 1989-08-30

Family

ID=21887646

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88301300A Withdrawn EP0286212A3 (de) 1987-04-09 1988-02-17 Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0286212A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS63315168A (de)
KR (1) KR880012275A (de)
CN (1) CN1012715B (de)
AU (1) AU613354B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8801692A (de)
CA (1) CA1295356C (de)
FI (1) FI881509A (de)
IL (1) IL85854A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990014898A1 (en) * 1989-06-10 1990-12-13 William Henry Woodward Fluid flow valve
EP0565972A1 (de) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-20 Harald Wallner Klebstoffauftragventil
DE9414218U1 (de) * 1994-09-02 1994-11-03 Altek Gesellschaft für allg. Landtechnik mbH, 72108 Rottenburg Druckregler für eine verfahrbare landwirtschaftliche Austragvorrichtung
US7470448B2 (en) 2003-01-31 2008-12-30 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag System and method for applying glue to a moving web
CN102233222A (zh) * 2010-04-26 2011-11-09 江苏博际环保工程有限公司 一种水滴栅装置
US9682394B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2017-06-20 Nordson Corporation Dispensing module, applicator head and nozzle holder for dispensing a fluid, in particular hot-melt adhesive

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7070066B2 (en) * 2004-04-08 2006-07-04 Nordson Corporation Liquid dispensing valve and method with improved stroke length calibration and fluid fittings
US20060097010A1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-11 Nordson Corporation Device for dispensing a heated liquid
JP2006218450A (ja) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-24 Pauretsuku:Kk スプレーガン
US20080217360A1 (en) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Hot melt adhesive dispensing valve or module assembly having a module filter disposed therewithin
CA2925892A1 (en) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Nozzle assemblies, systems and related methods
US11073279B2 (en) * 2016-08-23 2021-07-27 Fisher Controls International Llc Multi-cone, multi-stage spray nozzle
JP6948702B2 (ja) * 2017-08-29 2021-10-13 株式会社レクシー 高圧型吐出装置
CN114247577A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-03-29 江苏高凯精密流体技术股份有限公司 一种容积式恒压涂覆装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3108793A1 (de) * 1981-03-07 1982-09-30 Bima Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7450 Hechingen Klebstoff-auftragevorrichtung, insbesondere fuer die lederwaren- und schuhindustrie
US4565217A (en) * 1983-06-30 1986-01-21 Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. Three-way poppet valve, method and apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3108793A1 (de) * 1981-03-07 1982-09-30 Bima Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7450 Hechingen Klebstoff-auftragevorrichtung, insbesondere fuer die lederwaren- und schuhindustrie
US4565217A (en) * 1983-06-30 1986-01-21 Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. Three-way poppet valve, method and apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990014898A1 (en) * 1989-06-10 1990-12-13 William Henry Woodward Fluid flow valve
EP0565972A1 (de) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-20 Harald Wallner Klebstoffauftragventil
DE9414218U1 (de) * 1994-09-02 1994-11-03 Altek Gesellschaft für allg. Landtechnik mbH, 72108 Rottenburg Druckregler für eine verfahrbare landwirtschaftliche Austragvorrichtung
US7470448B2 (en) 2003-01-31 2008-12-30 Hauni Maschinenbau Ag System and method for applying glue to a moving web
CN102233222A (zh) * 2010-04-26 2011-11-09 江苏博际环保工程有限公司 一种水滴栅装置
US9682394B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2017-06-20 Nordson Corporation Dispensing module, applicator head and nozzle holder for dispensing a fluid, in particular hot-melt adhesive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0286212A3 (de) 1989-08-30
FI881509A (fi) 1988-10-10
JPS63315168A (ja) 1988-12-22
CN1012715B (zh) 1991-06-05
CN88101803A (zh) 1988-10-26
IL85854A (en) 1991-12-15
BR8801692A (pt) 1988-11-16
FI881509A0 (fi) 1988-03-30
AU1407788A (en) 1988-10-13
IL85854A0 (en) 1988-09-30
AU613354B2 (en) 1991-08-01
KR880012275A (ko) 1988-11-26
CA1295356C (en) 1992-02-04

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