EP0286212A2 - Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit - Google Patents
Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0286212A2 EP0286212A2 EP88301300A EP88301300A EP0286212A2 EP 0286212 A2 EP0286212 A2 EP 0286212A2 EP 88301300 A EP88301300 A EP 88301300A EP 88301300 A EP88301300 A EP 88301300A EP 0286212 A2 EP0286212 A2 EP 0286212A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- valve
- nozzle
- chamber
- nozzle tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
- B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
- B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
- B05B1/083—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
- B05B1/3093—Recirculation valves, i.e. the valve element opens a passage to the nozzle and simultaneously closes at least partially a return passage the feeding means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/14—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts
- B05B15/18—Arrangements for preventing or controlling structural damage to spraying apparatus or its outlets, e.g. for breaking at desired places; Arrangements for handling or replacing damaged parts for improving resistance to wear, e.g. inserts or coatings; for indicating wear; for handling or replacing worn parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
- B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
- B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
- B05B7/066—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
- B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
- B05C5/0225—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work characterised by flow controlling means, e.g. valves, located proximate the outlet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fluid nozzle applicator systems, being more particularly directed to such systems controlled by mechanical or electromechanical valving devices for enabling metered intermittent, patterned, or continuous coatings to be deposited in controlled thickness from the nozzles upon moving webs or other surfaces, as in the application of hot melt adhesives and other coating fluids such as those described, for example, in United States Patents Nos. 3,595,204, 4,020,194 and 4,476,165.
- Prior valves for enabling such operation particularly with longitudinal slot nozzles and the like, as described in said patents, have included two-way poppet valves with a single fluid supply inlet to the valve assembly (such as the type described in "Extruder Valve", a 1977 bulletin of Acumeter Laboratories, Inc., the assignee of the present invention), and more recently three-way poppet valve structures enabling precise and constant thickness patterns of fluid coating with negligible after-drool and with a very short stroke that permits more rapid on/off cycle times--such being described in my United States Patent No. 4,565,217.
- An object of the present invention accordingly, is to provide a new and improved poppet-valve-controlled fluid nozzle applicator particularly useful, though not exclusively, with such extruded spray or atomizing type dispensing applicators and the like.
- a further object is to provide such a novel applicator that operates with a preferred three-way poppet valve.
- Still another object is to provide a novel applicator for the intermittent (and continuous) extrusion or spray of fluids through fine needle-like nozzles or dispensers; and further, where desired, to enable the shaping, varying or controlling of the fluid spray in a defined manner during the extrusion.
- the invention embraces a poppet valve-controlled fluid nozzle applicator system, having, in combination, a longitudinally extending valve stem reciprocally mounted within communicable upper and lower longitudinally displaced fluid chambers, the lower of which transversely communicates with a pressurized and metered fluid supply source and the upper of which communicates transversely with a fluid return path, the valve stem carrying a poppet valve having upwardly and downwardly converging surface sections and contained within the lower chamber; the region of coummunicating of the upper and lower chambers comprising the valve seat against which the upwardly convergingly shaped surfaces of the poppet valve may bear to close off the upper chamber from the lower chamber when the valve stem reciprocates upward, and with the lower downwardly converging surfaces of the poppet valve terminating in a valve tip; a nozzle applicator mounted to depend from the region of lowermost reciprocation of the poppet valve tip and comprising a hollow insert into which the tip may fit to block fluid flow from the lower
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus of the invention in preferred form
- valve piston or stem 3 carries at its lower end, in the orientation shown, a valve head 9 having upwardly and downwardly conical converging sections 9 ⁇ and 9 ⁇ contained within the lower chamber 5 ⁇ .
- the upper converging conical section 9 ⁇ when the stem 3 is reciprocated to its uppermost position, bears against the lower end region 11 ⁇ of the valve seat opening 11 communcating the lower and upper chambers 5 ⁇ and 5 to close off such communication.
- the lower oppositely or downwardly converging conical section 9 ⁇ of the poppet valve head 9 terminates in a conical tip T that, when the valve stem reciprocates downwardly to its lowest position or point, enters and blocks off the top of a narrow hollow insert or other recess 13 in the upper portion of a conically terminated extrusion spray or dispensing nozzle 15.
- the insert or recess 13 communicates directly with a hollow needle-like thinner tube or stem N (that may actually be a hyperdermic- like hollow needle or other tube including a tubular recess preformed in the nozzle cone) in the lower portion of the nozzle housing 15 that, when the valve stem tip T is elevated to open fluid communication from the lower chamber 5 ⁇ into the nozzle hollow insert 13, exits fluid through the lower aperture(s) N ⁇ of the needle nozzle tube or stem.
- a hollow needle-like thinner tube or stem N that may actually be a hyperdermic- like hollow needle or other tube including a tubular recess preformed in the nozzle cone
- an atomizer head coaxially surrounds the conical nozzle housing 15, but with a V-shaped somewhat conical space V provided therebetween for enabling relative longitudinal adjustment of the position of the nozzle housing 15 and the aperture A ⁇ of the head A and for later-described conical air flow when desired.
- Such adjustment, as by the threaded section 15 ⁇ , Fig. 2 (or other adjustable structure including slidable adjustment), will control the fluid exiting point of the needle, tube or stem opening(s) N ⁇ to recessed positions above the aperture A ⁇ of somewhat larger diameter (Fig. 3A), or to substantial alignment or a flush position therewith (Fig. 3B), or to extended positions beyond (Fig.
- the recessed position of Fig. 3A has been found to cause the extruded spray to assume a mainly continuous filament or fiber character as air introduced at 20 and conically intersecting the extruded fluid in free flight outside and below the nozzle opening N ⁇ , bonds or stretches the fluid into a continuous filament form; the flush position of Fig. 3B, producing a combination of fiber or filaments and droplets; and the extended position of Fig. 3C, producing a spray mainly of droplets.
- This adjustment thus has been found to permit control of the nature of the extruded spray or deposition and the ratio of fibers-to-droplets, for example.
- the valve stem 3 is mechanically reciprocated in the illustrative embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2 by pneumatic pressurized-fluid means acting first downwardly upon the air piston head 3 ⁇ of the valve stem or piston 3 from air inlet (outlet) 2 in an air manifold body 4 at the top of the valve body 1, and upwardly on the head 3 ⁇ from the inlet (outlet) 2 ⁇ .
- the head 3 ⁇ is shown provided with a seal 6 and a lower retaining plate 6 ⁇ (bearing and seal) held on the upper end of the valve stem 3 by hexagonal nuts and washers 8, 8 ⁇ .
- Upper and lower retaining plates and piston seals are shown at 10, with 'O' rings about the fluid supply and return pipes 7 ⁇ and 7; and a further seal washer 12 at an upper flange of the extrusion nozzle 15.
- the atomizer insert A may be coaxially circumscribed, totally or in sectors, by an outer housing sleeve H.
- the sleeve H is provided with an air-flow or other fluid flow passage H ⁇ external to the member A, supplied at 22, and that terminates in downwardly and centrally inwardly oriented exiting trim ear portions H ⁇ to direct further pressurized air or other pressurized fluid) axially inwardly, on the fluid filament shown at the region P in Fig. 1, well below the nozzle and insert openings N ⁇ -A ⁇ .
- the inwardly directed air cone provided through the V channel in A, acting symmetrically below the nozzle openings N ⁇ and upon the free-flight extruded fluid spray, may be modified, including directionally deflected, by the supplemental trim ear air at H ⁇ , and has been found remarkably to bond continuous very thin filaments or fibers (order of 0.01mm) and/or provide droplets or combinations of the same in a controlled and predictable manner to produce the desired coating distribution and dimensions upon the web W, and in either continuous or programmable intermittent fashion.
- Additional air supplied at 24 and from other ears labelled "FAN EARS" in Fig. 4, not shown in Fig. 1 but in back of and in front the nozzle section 15, disposed 90° circumferentially displaced from H ⁇ , for example, can further enable pattern deflection and containing.
- a hollow needle stem applicator N about 10 mm long and 0.35 mm in diameter, communicating with a carbide wear-resistant insert 13 of about 0.75 mm insider diameter, is useful for this application, with fiber-to-droplet adjustments ranging from about 0.457 mm above A (Fig. 3A) to about 0.457 mm beyond A (Fig. 3C).
- the present invention in effect imbeds the fluid nozzle structure 15 into the poppet valve fluid supply chamber 5 ⁇ and enables direct contact with the poppet valve stem 3, with the dimensions of the hollow insert 13 and the preferably narrower needle tube applicator N adjusted such that the before-mentioned additional capacitance of my prior system is entirely obviated and no spurious fluid droplet deposits after valve closure result.
- the design thus provides for less fluid displacement during valve closure.
- valve stem reciprocating stroke of the present invention has been reduced (to the order of 0.020"--about one-third of that used in prior commercial forms of my before-described patented three-way poppet valve) which prevents any fluid column effect emanating from longer stroke inducement of additional fluid displacement through the nozzle.
- FIG. 4 A preferred system for operating the poppet-valve-nozzle system of Figs. 1 and 2 is shown in Fig. 4, with the valve assembly 1 shown supplied by hot melt supply line 7 ⁇ from the positive displacement metering pump MP, driven by a digital motor drive under the control of a speed control connected with a web-speed pick-up sensor, in conventional fashion, as so-labelled, for preferred synchronous meter fluid volume and web line speed.
- the air supplied at A ⁇ via line 20 (“CONE”) and at H ⁇ via line 22 (and, if used, from the before-mentioned "FAN EARS”) is heated at H in view of the hot melt fluid useage, and its flow (volume/velocity) is also preferably synchronously (proportionally) controlled with fluid volume and web line speed at S.
- the novel nozzle-valve construction and also the novel air interaction structures, if used, may also be employed with two-way poppet valve constructions, though this is not considered as operationally desirable as the three-way valve.
- a two-way poppet valve construction is shown in Fig. 5, otherwise similar to the three-way poppet valve of Figs. 1 and 2, but with a closed upper fluid chamber 5 ⁇ that is not returned by a return outlet 7 as in the system of Fig. 4. Instead, the two-way valve system is provided in the supply line 7 ⁇ , Fig.
- a pressure relief valve PR designed to operate open for fluid passage when the two-way poppet valve is closed for intermittent ON/OFF operation, and is connected back to the delivery reservoir or supply tank.
- the PR valve will redirect the supply fluid to the reservoir tank.
- the combination of such a two-way poppet valve, together with PR valve will provide for reasonable satisfactory operation, effective up to the point when the PR valve becomes operational, and therefore partially or totally directing all fluid through the PR valve and no fluid to the head 1, by-passing the head and supply chamber 5 ⁇ .
Landscapes
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3626987A | 1987-04-09 | 1987-04-09 | |
US36269 | 1987-04-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0286212A2 true EP0286212A2 (de) | 1988-10-12 |
EP0286212A3 EP0286212A3 (de) | 1989-08-30 |
Family
ID=21887646
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88301300A Withdrawn EP0286212A3 (de) | 1987-04-09 | 1988-02-17 | Düsenvorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0286212A3 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS63315168A (de) |
KR (1) | KR880012275A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1012715B (de) |
AU (1) | AU613354B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8801692A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1295356C (de) |
FI (1) | FI881509A (de) |
IL (1) | IL85854A (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990014898A1 (en) * | 1989-06-10 | 1990-12-13 | William Henry Woodward | Fluid flow valve |
EP0565972A1 (de) * | 1992-04-09 | 1993-10-20 | Harald Wallner | Klebstoffauftragventil |
DE9414218U1 (de) * | 1994-09-02 | 1994-11-03 | Altek Gesellschaft für allg. Landtechnik mbH, 72108 Rottenburg | Druckregler für eine verfahrbare landwirtschaftliche Austragvorrichtung |
US7470448B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2008-12-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | System and method for applying glue to a moving web |
CN102233222A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-09 | 江苏博际环保工程有限公司 | 一种水滴栅装置 |
US9682394B2 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2017-06-20 | Nordson Corporation | Dispensing module, applicator head and nozzle holder for dispensing a fluid, in particular hot-melt adhesive |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7070066B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-07-04 | Nordson Corporation | Liquid dispensing valve and method with improved stroke length calibration and fluid fittings |
US20060097010A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-11 | Nordson Corporation | Device for dispensing a heated liquid |
JP2006218450A (ja) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Pauretsuku:Kk | スプレーガン |
US20080217360A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2008-09-11 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Hot melt adhesive dispensing valve or module assembly having a module filter disposed therewithin |
CA2925892A1 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Nozzle assemblies, systems and related methods |
US11073279B2 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2021-07-27 | Fisher Controls International Llc | Multi-cone, multi-stage spray nozzle |
JP6948702B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-29 | 2021-10-13 | 株式会社レクシー | 高圧型吐出装置 |
CN114247577A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-03-29 | 江苏高凯精密流体技术股份有限公司 | 一种容积式恒压涂覆装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3108793A1 (de) * | 1981-03-07 | 1982-09-30 | Bima Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7450 Hechingen | Klebstoff-auftragevorrichtung, insbesondere fuer die lederwaren- und schuhindustrie |
US4565217A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1986-01-21 | Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. | Three-way poppet valve, method and apparatus |
-
1988
- 1988-02-17 EP EP88301300A patent/EP0286212A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-03-24 IL IL85854A patent/IL85854A/xx unknown
- 1988-03-30 FI FI881509A patent/FI881509A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-30 CA CA000562976A patent/CA1295356C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-31 AU AU14077/88A patent/AU613354B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-04-08 JP JP63087054A patent/JPS63315168A/ja active Pending
- 1988-04-08 CN CN88101803A patent/CN1012715B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-04-08 BR BR8801692A patent/BR8801692A/pt unknown
- 1988-04-09 KR KR1019880004079A patent/KR880012275A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3108793A1 (de) * | 1981-03-07 | 1982-09-30 | Bima Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 7450 Hechingen | Klebstoff-auftragevorrichtung, insbesondere fuer die lederwaren- und schuhindustrie |
US4565217A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1986-01-21 | Acumeter Laboratories, Inc. | Three-way poppet valve, method and apparatus |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990014898A1 (en) * | 1989-06-10 | 1990-12-13 | William Henry Woodward | Fluid flow valve |
EP0565972A1 (de) * | 1992-04-09 | 1993-10-20 | Harald Wallner | Klebstoffauftragventil |
DE9414218U1 (de) * | 1994-09-02 | 1994-11-03 | Altek Gesellschaft für allg. Landtechnik mbH, 72108 Rottenburg | Druckregler für eine verfahrbare landwirtschaftliche Austragvorrichtung |
US7470448B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2008-12-30 | Hauni Maschinenbau Ag | System and method for applying glue to a moving web |
CN102233222A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-09 | 江苏博际环保工程有限公司 | 一种水滴栅装置 |
US9682394B2 (en) | 2011-10-31 | 2017-06-20 | Nordson Corporation | Dispensing module, applicator head and nozzle holder for dispensing a fluid, in particular hot-melt adhesive |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0286212A3 (de) | 1989-08-30 |
FI881509A (fi) | 1988-10-10 |
JPS63315168A (ja) | 1988-12-22 |
CN1012715B (zh) | 1991-06-05 |
CN88101803A (zh) | 1988-10-26 |
IL85854A (en) | 1991-12-15 |
BR8801692A (pt) | 1988-11-16 |
FI881509A0 (fi) | 1988-03-30 |
AU1407788A (en) | 1988-10-13 |
IL85854A0 (en) | 1988-09-30 |
AU613354B2 (en) | 1991-08-01 |
KR880012275A (ko) | 1988-11-26 |
CA1295356C (en) | 1992-02-04 |
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