EP0284829B1 - Rotor blading for steam turbines - Google Patents

Rotor blading for steam turbines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0284829B1
EP0284829B1 EP88103498A EP88103498A EP0284829B1 EP 0284829 B1 EP0284829 B1 EP 0284829B1 EP 88103498 A EP88103498 A EP 88103498A EP 88103498 A EP88103498 A EP 88103498A EP 0284829 B1 EP0284829 B1 EP 0284829B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blading
blades
caps
grooves
fins
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88103498A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0284829A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Bourcier
Gilbert Riollet
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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Publication date
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Priority to AT88103498T priority Critical patent/ATE70891T1/en
Publication of EP0284829A1 publication Critical patent/EP0284829A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0284829B1 publication Critical patent/EP0284829B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
    • F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mobile blade for steam turbines comprising blades with bodies provided with caps or fins, said caps or fins of adjacent blades being in contact at least during the rotation of the blade on a surface. plane substantially parallel to the radial axis of the blade and causing by these contacts a torsion of the body of the blades, the torsion being in the same direction for all the blades.
  • FIG. 4 Such a blading is described in document FR-A-1519898 in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the flat face is simple while it is double in FIG. 5.
  • the mobile blading making it possible to remedy this drawback is characterized in that it comprises a connection in addition to the contacts between adjacent caps or ailerons, said connection being produced by means of additional contacts having a freedom of rectilinear sliding in a plane. corresponding to that of each cap or fin along an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 00 ′ of the blade, said additional contacts being located at a relatively large distance from the contacts causing the torsion.
  • connection created between neighboring caps (or fins) by these additional contacts has the effect that the relative movement of these caps (or fins) generates on each of them at points A and A '(separate or combined) friction forces f and f 'contained in the plane of the caps (or ailerons) which have a moment ⁇ M Z relative to the average point of contact C on the plane surface.
  • the sum M Z + ⁇ M Z can differ from one dawn to another so that even in the extreme case where the faces tightened by the twist are unable to transmit the least moment between neighboring hats (or fins), this transmission is ensured by ⁇ M Z (see figure n ° 3). It is important that the points A and A ⁇ are located at the greatest possible distance from the contact faces so as to better block any rotational movement of the cap (or of the fin) which would appear around a point of point contact vs.
  • the additional contacts are made by extensions of the caps (or fins), the upper faces of which are applied to the upper faces of complementary cavities provided in the adjacent caps (or fins).
  • the additional contacts are made by members located in grooves opening onto the lateral surface of the caps or fins opposite the contacts causing the torsion and rubbing against the walls of these grooves.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of a known blade perpendicular to its median plane.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of part of the known blade formed of the blades of Figure 1 by a plane parallel to the median plane of the blades.
  • FIG. 3 represents a top view of the blading of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a top view of part of a blade according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents a side view of the blading part of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents a side view of a blading part according to a second embodiment of the invention before mounting the bonding wedges.
  • Figure 7 shows the same view as Figure 6 after mounting the shims.
  • FIG. 8 represents a top view of the blading of the figure 7.
  • Figure 9 shows a section of a blade of the vane of Figures 7 and 8 perpendicular to the median plane and passing through the axis of the turbine.
  • FIG. 10 schematically represents a side view of a blading part according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention before mounting of the connection means and at rest.
  • Figure 11 shows the same view as that of Figure 10 with the blading in rotation.
  • Figure 12 shows the blading of Figures 10 and 11 after mounting of the bonding means.
  • FIG. 13 represents a top view of the blading of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 14 represents a section of a blade of the vane of FIGS. 12 and 13 perpendicular to the median plane and passing through the axis of the turbine.
  • Figure 15 shows a side view of part of the blade according to another variant of the second embodiment of the invention, the tooth being removed.
  • Figure 16 shows a top view of a third embodiment of the blading.
  • Figure 17 shows a side view of the blade of Figure 16, with the tooth removed.
  • Figure 18 shows a side view of a variant of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 represents a section of the variant of FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment of the blading with fins.
  • Figure 21 shows a side view of the blading of Figure 20, with the tooth removed.
  • the known blade represented in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises blades 1 comprising a foot 2, a body 3 and a cap 4.
  • the feet 2 of the blades 1 are locked in a central means 5 forming part of the turbine rotor by by means of keys 6.
  • Each cap 4 has a front face 7 inclined relative to the vertical median plane P and substantially parallel to the radial axis (z ⁇ z) of the blade and a rear face 8 substantially parallel to the front face 7 , the front and rear sides 7 and 8 of all the vanes being located on the same side of the median plane P.
  • the blading is movable in rotation about the axis OO ⁇ .
  • each blade 1 When the feet 2 of the blades 1 are put in place, the front face 7 of each blade 1 comes to bear against the rear face 8 of the blade 1 located in front and the faces 7 and 8 rotate to approach the perpendicular in the middle plane. The body 3 of each blade 1 is then twisted under the effect of the forces that the adjacent blades 1 apply to its front and rear faces.
  • a contact connection is provided according to the invention additional at A and A ⁇ between neighboring caps 4 so that the relative movement of the caps 4 generates at points A and A ⁇ frictional forces f and f ⁇ contained in the plane of the cap which generates a moment ⁇ M Z making it possible to transmit all or part of the moment between neighboring hats.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 blades have been shown, the caps of which are applied against one another under the effect of the torsional forces at rest of the bodies of the blades, but it is also known to mount the caps apart, the caps do not being applied against each other only during the rotation of the vanes whose bodies twist under the effect of centrifugal force.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 An embodiment of the blading according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the cap 4 of each blade is provided with an extension 9 of parallelepiped shape, the upper face of which 10 rubs on the upper face 11 of a complementary cavity 12 formed in the adjacent blade.
  • the extension 9 and the cavity 12 are located on the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 situated on the side opposite to the faces 7 and 8 in contact, relative to the plane P.
  • the contact between the face of the extension 9 and that of the cavity 12 can be obtained by prestressing at rest and / or deformation due to centrifugal forces.
  • the caps 4 are provided with a machined groove 14 opening onto the lateral surface 13 of the caps 14 opposite the contacting faces 7, 8.
  • the grooves 14 of the adjacent blades 1 are not in the extension of one another.
  • each shim 15 being fitted into two consecutive caps 4.
  • the wedges are spaced from each other and their ends come approximately towards the middle of the lateral surface 13 of the caps.
  • the groove 14 is provided with a peripheral tooth 16 at its upper part which prevents the wedges 15 from coming out during the rotation of the blading.
  • This tooth 16 has been folded down after the shims 15 have been placed in the grooves 14.
  • the caps 4 have grooves 14 which are in line with one another when the blading is not driven in rotation.
  • the bodies 3 of the vanes 2 tend to bend (see FIG. 11) in the absence of the presence of connecting members in the grooves 14.
  • a wedging element constituted for example by a flat wire 17 which opposes the bending of the blades 1 under the effect of centrifugal force and develops frictional forces.
  • This wire can consist of four quarters of circumference.
  • the groove 14 opens onto the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 on the side opposite to the contacting surfaces 7 and 8 and it can be provided with a flange 16 preventing the wedging wire 17 from coming out of the groove 14 during the rotation of the blading (see figure 14).
  • the grooves 14 are in the extension of each other at rest and they remain when the blade is rotated.
  • a connecting element such as a flat wire 18 is introduced into the groove.
  • This wire 18 is provided with protrusions 19 arranged towards the middle of the grooves 14 which rub against the upper wall of these grooves 14 when the blade is in rotation.
  • the groove 14 is located as in the second embodiment on the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 on the side opposite to the contacting surfaces 7 and 8 and it can be provided with a flange 16 preventing the wedging wire 18 from coming out of the groove 14 .
  • a rod-shaped member 20 has been introduced into the groove 14 opening onto the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 opposite the faces 7 and 8, the grooves at rest being as in figure 10.
  • Each member 20 has at one end an axis 21 parallel to the axis of rotation OO ⁇ of the blading which is housed without sliding in a hollow hollow 22 in the walls of the groove 14.
  • the axis 21 of the member 20 is connected by an arm 23 to a cubic mass 24 located in the groove of the cap 4 close to that in which the axis 21 is housed.
  • the axis 21 of the member 20 can be oriented and a frictional force occurs between the mass 24 and the wall of the groove 14.
  • the groove 14 is provided with a peripheral tooth 16 which prevents the members 20 from leaving the groove 14.
  • rod-shaped members 25 with two supports 26 are introduced into the grooves 14 opening onto the lateral surfaces 13 of the caps 4 opposite the surfaces 7 and 8, the grooves 14 at rest being as in FIG. 10.
  • the bars 25 are astride the grooves 14 of two adjacent caps 4 with a support 26 in each of the grooves 14.
  • the bars 25 are stopped tangentially by a stud 27 and axially by a tooth 16.
  • the stud 27 is housed with clearance in a housing 28 in the groove 14.
  • the bodies 3 of the blades were terminated with caps but they could instead be fitted with fins 4 situated at an intermediate height.
  • FIG. 20 and 21 shows a partial view of a vane provided with fins 4 mounted on their bodies 3 tight against each other by their contact face 7, 8 and having a groove 14 opening onto the lateral surface 13 of the fins 4 opposite the side faces 7 and 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

Moving blading for a steam turbine, the blading comprising blades (1) having respective bodies (3) provided with caps or fins (4), said caps or fins (4) on adjacent blades coming into contact at least during rotation of the blading over a plane surface which is substantially parallel to the radial axis (Z'Z) of the blade and giving rise to blade body twisting by virtue of said contacts (7, 8), the blading being characterized in that, in addition to the contacts (7 and 8) between adjacent caps or fins (4), it includes a link which is provided by means of additional contacts (A, A') free to slide rectilinearly in a plane corresponding to the plane of each cap or fin (4) along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation OO' of the blading, said additional contacts (A, A') being situated at a relatively large distance from said contacts (7, 8) which give rise to twisting. The invention improves the vibration properties of the blades.

Description

La présente invention a trait à un aubage mobile pour turbines à vapeur comportant des aubes avec des corps munis de chapeaux ou d'ailerons, lesdits chapeaux ou ailerons d'aubes adjacentes étant en contact au moins pendant la rotation de l'aubage sur une surface plane sensiblement parallèle à l'axe radial de l'aube et entraînant par ces contacts une torsion du corps des aubes, la torsion étant dans le même sens pour toutes les aubes.The present invention relates to a mobile blade for steam turbines comprising blades with bodies provided with caps or fins, said caps or fins of adjacent blades being in contact at least during the rotation of the blade on a surface. plane substantially parallel to the radial axis of the blade and causing by these contacts a torsion of the body of the blades, the torsion being in the same direction for all the blades.

Un tel aubage est décrit dans le document FR-A-1519898 aux figures 4 et 5. Dans la figure 4 la face plane est simple tandis qu'elle est double dans la figure 5.Such a blading is described in document FR-A-1519898 in FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 4 the flat face is simple while it is double in FIG. 5.

Les chapeaux (ou ailerons) serrés par torsion sur une face plane simple ou double sensiblement parallèle à l'axe radial Z'Z de l'aube transmettent mal les moments dynamiques Mz existants par rapport à ce même axe radial dès que les deux faces de contact appartenant à des chapeaux (ou ailerons) adjacents ne sont pas rigoureusement parallèles (voir figure 3). Il s'ensuit que le rôle joué par la face simple ou double de contact serrée par torsion dépend de sa qualité de réalisation ce qui a pour inconvénient de créer une dispersion dans les propriétés vibratoires de chaque aube prise séparément. Cette dispersion affecte l'aubage mobile tout entier en modifiant de façon incontrôlée ses fréquences propres et en les multipliant ce qui rend difficile la prévention des résonances avec les fréquences excitatrices connues.The caps (or fins) tightened by torsion on a single or double planar face substantially parallel to the radial axis Z'Z of the blade poorly transmit the dynamic moments Mz existing with respect to this same radial axis as soon as the two faces of contact belonging to adjacent caps (or fins) are not strictly parallel (see Figure 3). It follows that the role played by the single or double face of contact tightened by torsion depends on its quality of realization which has the disadvantage of creating a dispersion in the vibratory properties of each blade taken separately. This dispersion affects the entire mobile vane by uncontrollably modifying its natural frequencies and by multiplying them, which makes it difficult to prevent resonances with known excitation frequencies.

L'aubage mobile permettant de remédier à cet inconvénient est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une liaison en plus des contacts entre chapeaux ou ailerons adjacents, ladite liaison étant réalisée à l'aide de contacts additionnels ayant une liberté de glissement rectiligne dans un plan correspondant à celui de chaque chapeau ou aileron selon un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation 00' de l'aubage, lesdits contacts additionnels étant situés à distance relativement grande des contacts entraînant la torsion.The mobile blading making it possible to remedy this drawback is characterized in that it comprises a connection in addition to the contacts between adjacent caps or ailerons, said connection being produced by means of additional contacts having a freedom of rectilinear sliding in a plane. corresponding to that of each cap or fin along an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 00 ′ of the blade, said additional contacts being located at a relatively large distance from the contacts causing the torsion.

La liaison créée entre chapeaux (ou ailerons) voisins par ces contacts additionnels a pour effet que le mouvement relatif de ces chapeaux (ou ailerons) engendre sur chacun d'eux en des points A et A' (distincts ou confondus) des efforts de frottement f et f' contenus dans le plan des chapeaux (ou ailerons) qui possèdent un moment △MZ par rapport au point moyen de contact C sur la surface plane. La somme MZ + △MZ peut différer d'une aube à l'autre de sorte que même dans le cas extrême où les faces serrées par la torsion sont incapables de tansmettre le moindre moment entre chapeaux (ou ailerons) voisins, cette transmission se trouve assurée par ΔMZ (voir figure n° 3). Il est important que les points A et Aʹ soient situés à la plus grande distance possible des faces de contact de manière à mieux bloquer tout mouvement de rotation du chapeau (ou de l'aileron) qui se manifesterait autour d'un point de contact ponctuel C.The connection created between neighboring caps (or fins) by these additional contacts has the effect that the relative movement of these caps (or fins) generates on each of them at points A and A '(separate or combined) friction forces f and f 'contained in the plane of the caps (or ailerons) which have a moment △ M Z relative to the average point of contact C on the plane surface. The sum M Z + △ M Z can differ from one dawn to another so that even in the extreme case where the faces tightened by the twist are unable to transmit the least moment between neighboring hats (or fins), this transmission is ensured by ΔM Z (see figure n ° 3). It is important that the points A and Aʹ are located at the greatest possible distance from the contact faces so as to better block any rotational movement of the cap (or of the fin) which would appear around a point of point contact vs.

Selon une première réalisation de l'invention les contacts additionnels sont réalisés par des prolongements des chapeaux (ou ailerons) dont les faces supérieures viennent s'appliquer sur les faces supérieures de cavités complémentaires prévues dans les chapeaux (ou ailerons) adjacents.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the additional contacts are made by extensions of the caps (or fins), the upper faces of which are applied to the upper faces of complementary cavities provided in the adjacent caps (or fins).

Dans ce cas le point A d'une aube est confondu avec le point Aʹ de l'aube voisine.In this case the point A of a blade is confused with the point Aʹ of the neighboring blade.

Selon une seconde réalisation de l'invention les contacts additionnels sont réalisés par des organes situées dans des gorges débouchant sur la surface latérale des chapeaux ou ailerons opposée aux contacts entraînant la torsion et frottant sur des parois de ces gorges.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the additional contacts are made by members located in grooves opening onto the lateral surface of the caps or fins opposite the contacts causing the torsion and rubbing against the walls of these grooves.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui va suivre dans laquelle.The present invention will be better understood in the light of the description which follows in which.

La figure 1 représente une coupe d'une aube connue perpendiculaire à son plan médian.Figure 1 shows a section of a known blade perpendicular to its median plane.

La figure 2 représente une coupe d'une partie de l'aubage connu constitué des aubes de la figure 1 par un plan parallèle au plan médian des aubes.2 shows a section of part of the known blade formed of the blades of Figure 1 by a plane parallel to the median plane of the blades.

La figure 3 représente une vue de dessus de l'aubage de la figure 2.FIG. 3 represents a top view of the blading of FIG. 2.

La figure 4 représente une vue de dessus d'une partie d'un aubage selon une première réalisation de l'invention.Figure 4 shows a top view of part of a blade according to a first embodiment of the invention.

La figure 5 représente une vue de côté de la partie d'aubage de la figure 4.FIG. 5 represents a side view of the blading part of FIG. 4.

La figure 6 représente schématiquement une vue de côté d'une partie d'aubage selon une seconde réalisation de l'invention avant montage des cales de liaisonnement.FIG. 6 schematically represents a side view of a blading part according to a second embodiment of the invention before mounting the bonding wedges.

La figure 7 représente la même vue que la figure 6 après montage des cales.Figure 7 shows the same view as Figure 6 after mounting the shims.

La figure 8 représente une vue de dessus de l'aubage de la figure 7.FIG. 8 represents a top view of the blading of the figure 7.

La figure 9 présente une coupe d'une aube de l'aubage des figures 7 et 8 perpendiculaire au plan médian et passant par l'axe de la turbine.Figure 9 shows a section of a blade of the vane of Figures 7 and 8 perpendicular to the median plane and passing through the axis of the turbine.

La figure 10 représente schématiquement une vue de côté d'une partie d'aubage selon une variante de la seconde réalisation de invention avant montage des moyens de liaisonnement et au repos.FIG. 10 schematically represents a side view of a blading part according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention before mounting of the connection means and at rest.

La figure 11 représente la même vue que celle de la figure 10 avec l'aubage en rotation.Figure 11 shows the same view as that of Figure 10 with the blading in rotation.

La figure 12 représente l'aubage des figures 10 et 11 après montage des moyens de liaisonnement.Figure 12 shows the blading of Figures 10 and 11 after mounting of the bonding means.

La figure 13 représente une vue de dessus de l'aubage de la figure 12.FIG. 13 represents a top view of the blading of FIG. 12.

La figure 14 représente une coupe d'une aube de l'aubage des figures 12 et 13 perpendiculaire au plan médian et passant par l'axe de la turbine.FIG. 14 represents a section of a blade of the vane of FIGS. 12 and 13 perpendicular to the median plane and passing through the axis of the turbine.

La figure 15 représente une vue de côté d'une partie de l'aubage selon une autre variante de la seconde réalisation de l'invention, la dent étant enlevée.Figure 15 shows a side view of part of the blade according to another variant of the second embodiment of the invention, the tooth being removed.

La figure 16 représente une vue de dessus d'un troisième exemple de réalisation de l'aubage.Figure 16 shows a top view of a third embodiment of the blading.

La figure 17 représente une vue de côté de l'aubage de la figure 16, avec la dent enlevée.Figure 17 shows a side view of the blade of Figure 16, with the tooth removed.

La figure 18 représente une vue de côté d'une variante du troisième exemple de réalisation.Figure 18 shows a side view of a variant of the third embodiment.

La figure 19 représente une coupe de la variante de la figure 18.FIG. 19 represents a section of the variant of FIG. 18.

La figure 20 représente un exemple de réalisation de l'aubage avec des ailerons.FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment of the blading with fins.

La figure 21 représente une vue de côté de l'aubage de la figure 20, avec la dent enlevée.Figure 21 shows a side view of the blading of Figure 20, with the tooth removed.

L'aubage connu représenté aux figures 1, 2 et 3 comporte des aubes 1 comprenant un pied 2, un corps 3 et un chapeau 4. Les pieds 2 des aubes 1 sont bloqués dans un moyen central 5 faisant partie du rotor de la turbine par l'intermédiaire de clavettes 6. Chaque chapeau 4 comporte une face avant 7 inclinée par rapport au plan médian vertical P et sensiblement parallèle à l'axe radial (zʹz) de l'aube et une face arrière 8 sensiblement parallèle à la face avant 7, les faces avant et arrière 7 et 8 de toutes les aubes étant situées du même côté du plan médian P. L'aubage est mobile en rotation autour de l'axe OOʹ.The known blade represented in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 comprises blades 1 comprising a foot 2, a body 3 and a cap 4. The feet 2 of the blades 1 are locked in a central means 5 forming part of the turbine rotor by by means of keys 6. Each cap 4 has a front face 7 inclined relative to the vertical median plane P and substantially parallel to the radial axis (zʹz) of the blade and a rear face 8 substantially parallel to the front face 7 , the front and rear sides 7 and 8 of all the vanes being located on the same side of the median plane P. The blading is movable in rotation about the axis OOʹ.

Lorsqu'on met les pieds 2 des aubes 1 en place, la face avant 7 de chaque aube 1 vient s'appuyer contre la face arrière 8 de l'aube 1 située devant et les faces 7 et 8 tournent pour se rapprocher de la perpendiculaire au plan médian. Le corps 3 de chaque aube 1 est alors tordu sous l'effet des forces que les aubes adjacentes 1 appliquent sur ses faces avant et arrière.When the feet 2 of the blades 1 are put in place, the front face 7 of each blade 1 comes to bear against the rear face 8 of the blade 1 located in front and the faces 7 and 8 rotate to approach the perpendicular in the middle plane. The body 3 of each blade 1 is then twisted under the effect of the forces that the adjacent blades 1 apply to its front and rear faces.

En réalité en raison des défauts d'usinage des faces 7 et 8 des aubes le contact entre aubes voisines ne peut se faire que sur une partie des faces en regard. Cette partie peut être limitée à une zone très étroite de point moyen C qui varie d'aube à aube. Les moments dynamiques MZ, MZ₁, MZ₂ par rapport aux axes radiaux des aubes (zzʹ) sont mal transmis étant donné ce contact limité entre les faces 7 et 8. Pour transmettre ces moments on prévoit selon l'invention une liaison par contacts additionnels en A et Aʹ entre chapeaux 4 voisins de façon que le mouvement relatif des chapeaux 4 engendre aux points A et Aʹ des forces de frottement f et fʹ contenus dans le plan du chapeau qui engendre un moment ΔMZ permettant de transmettre tout ou partie du moment entre chapeaux voisins.In reality, due to the machining defects of the faces 7 and 8 of the blades, contact between neighboring blades can only be made on part of the facing faces. This part can be limited to a very narrow zone of average point C which varies from dawn to dawn. The dynamic moments M Z , M Z₁ , M Z₂ with respect to the radial axes of the blades (zzʹ) are poorly transmitted given this limited contact between the faces 7 and 8. To transmit these moments, a contact connection is provided according to the invention additional at A and Aʹ between neighboring caps 4 so that the relative movement of the caps 4 generates at points A and Aʹ frictional forces f and fʹ contained in the plane of the cap which generates a moment ΔM Z making it possible to transmit all or part of the moment between neighboring hats.

Sur les figures 2 et 3 on a représenté des aubes dont les chapeaux sont appliqués les uns contre les autres sous l'effet des forces de torsion au repos des corps des aubes mais il est également connu de monter les chapeaux écartés, les chapeaux n'étant appliqués les uns contre les autres que lors de la mise en rotation des aubes dont les corps se dévrillent sous l'effet de la force centrifuge.In FIGS. 2 and 3, blades have been shown, the caps of which are applied against one another under the effect of the torsional forces at rest of the bodies of the blades, but it is also known to mount the caps apart, the caps do not being applied against each other only during the rotation of the vanes whose bodies twist under the effect of centrifugal force.

Une réalisation de l'aubage selon l'invention est représentée sur les figures 4 et 5. Du côté opposé aux faces 7 et 8 en contact, le chapeau 4 de chaque aube est muni d'un prolongement 9 de forme parallélépipédique dont la face supérieure 10 vient frotter sur la face supérieure 11 d'une cavité 12 complémentaire ménagée dans l'aube adjacente. Le prolongement 9 et la cavité 12 sont situés sur la surface latérale 13 des chapeaux 4 située du côté opposée aux faces 7 et 8 en contact, par rapport au plan P.An embodiment of the blading according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. On the side opposite to the faces 7 and 8 in contact, the cap 4 of each blade is provided with an extension 9 of parallelepiped shape, the upper face of which 10 rubs on the upper face 11 of a complementary cavity 12 formed in the adjacent blade. The extension 9 and the cavity 12 are located on the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 situated on the side opposite to the faces 7 and 8 in contact, relative to the plane P.

Le contact entre la face du prolongement 9 et celle de la cavité complémentaire 12 peut être obtenu par précontrainte au repos et/ou déformation due aux forces centrifuges.The contact between the face of the extension 9 and that of the cavity 12 can be obtained by prestressing at rest and / or deformation due to centrifugal forces.

Dans cette réalisation le point A de chaque aube est confondu avec le point Aʹ de l'aube voisine.In this embodiment the point A of each blade is merged with the point Aʹ of the neighboring blade.

Selon une seconde réalisation de l'invention représentée aux figures 6 à 9, les chapeaux 4 sont munis d'une gorge usinée 14 débouchant sur la surface latérale 13 des chapeaux 14 opposée aux faces en contact 7, 8.According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the caps 4 are provided with a machined groove 14 opening onto the lateral surface 13 of the caps 14 opposite the contacting faces 7, 8.

Les gorges 14 des aubes adjacentes 1 ne sont pas dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre.The grooves 14 of the adjacent blades 1 are not in the extension of one another.

On dispose des cales 15 dans les gorges 14, chaque cale 15 étant emboîtée dans deux chapeaux 4 consécutifs. Les cales sont espacées les unes des autres et leurs extrémités viennent à peu près vers le milieu de la surface latérale 13 des chapeaux.There are shims 15 in the grooves 14, each shim 15 being fitted into two consecutive caps 4. The wedges are spaced from each other and their ends come approximately towards the middle of the lateral surface 13 of the caps.

Pour mettre les cales 15 en place il est nécessaire de fléchir les aubes 1 et on obtient ainsi pendant la rotation de l'aubage un frottement entre les cales 15 et les gorges 14 des aubes 1.To put the shims 15 in place, it is necessary to bend the blades 1 and one thus obtains during the rotation of the blade a friction between the shims 15 and the grooves 14 of the blades 1.

La gorge 14 est munie d'une dent périphérique 16 à sa partie supérieure qui empêche les cales 15 de sortir lors de la rotation de l'aubage.The groove 14 is provided with a peripheral tooth 16 at its upper part which prevents the wedges 15 from coming out during the rotation of the blading.

Cette dent 16 a été rabattue après mise en place des cales 15 dans les gorges 14.This tooth 16 has been folded down after the shims 15 have been placed in the grooves 14.

Selon une variante de cette seconde réalisation représentée aux figures 10 à 14, les chapeaux 4 comportent des gorges 14 qui sont dans le prolongement les unes des autres lorsque l'aubage n'est pas entraîné en rotation. Mais sous l'effet des forces centrifuges les corps 3 des aubes 2 ont tendance à fléchir (voir figure 11) en l'absence de la présence d'organes de liaisonnement dans les gorges 14.According to a variant of this second embodiment shown in Figures 10 to 14, the caps 4 have grooves 14 which are in line with one another when the blading is not driven in rotation. However, under the effect of centrifugal forces, the bodies 3 of the vanes 2 tend to bend (see FIG. 11) in the absence of the presence of connecting members in the grooves 14.

On introduit un élément de calage constitué par exemple par un fil plat 17 qui s'oppose à la flexion des aubes 1 sous l'effet de la force centrifuge et développe des forces de frottement. Ce fil peut être constitué de quatre quarts de circonférence.Introducing a wedging element constituted for example by a flat wire 17 which opposes the bending of the blades 1 under the effect of centrifugal force and develops frictional forces. This wire can consist of four quarters of circumference.

La gorge 14 débouche sur la surface latérale 13 des chapeaux 4 du côté opposé aux faces en contact 7 et 8 et elle peut être munie d'un rebord 16 empêchant le fil de calage 17 de sortir de la gorge 14 lors de la rotation de l'aubage (voir figure 14).The groove 14 opens onto the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 on the side opposite to the contacting surfaces 7 and 8 and it can be provided with a flange 16 preventing the wedging wire 17 from coming out of the groove 14 during the rotation of the blading (see figure 14).

Selon une seconde variante représentée à la figure 15 les gorges 14 sont dans le prolongement les unes des autres au repos et elles le restent lorsque l'aubage est entraîné en rotation.According to a second variant shown in Figure 15 the grooves 14 are in the extension of each other at rest and they remain when the blade is rotated.

On introduit un élément de liaison tel qu'un fil plat 18 dans la gorge.A connecting element such as a flat wire 18 is introduced into the groove.

Ce fil 18 est muni d'excroissances 19 disposées vers le milieu des gorges 14 qui frottent contre la paroi supérieure de ces gorges 14 lorsque l'aubage est en rotation.This wire 18 is provided with protrusions 19 arranged towards the middle of the grooves 14 which rub against the upper wall of these grooves 14 when the blade is in rotation.

La gorge 14 est située comme dans la seconde réalisation sur la surface latérale 13 des chapeaux 4 du côté opposé aux faces en contact 7 et 8 et elle peut être munie d'un rebord 16 empêchant le fil de calage 18 de sortir de la gorge 14.The groove 14 is located as in the second embodiment on the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 on the side opposite to the contacting surfaces 7 and 8 and it can be provided with a flange 16 preventing the wedging wire 18 from coming out of the groove 14 .

Selon une troisième réalisation de l'invention représentée aux figures 16 et 17 on a introduit un organe en forme de barreau 20 dans la gorge 14 débouchant sur la surface latérale 13 des chapeaux 4 opposée aux faces 7 et 8, les gorges au repos étant comme sur la figure 10.According to a third embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, a rod-shaped member 20 has been introduced into the groove 14 opening onto the lateral surface 13 of the caps 4 opposite the faces 7 and 8, the grooves at rest being as in figure 10.

Chaque organe 20 comporte à une extrémité un axe parallèle 21 à l'axe de rotation OOʹ de l'aubage qui est logé sans coulissement dans un alvéole creusé 22 dans les parois de la gorge 14. L'axe 21 de l'organe 20 est relié par un bras 23 à une masse cubique 24 située dans la gorge du chapeau 4 voisin de celui dans lequel est logé l'axe 21.Each member 20 has at one end an axis 21 parallel to the axis of rotation OOʹ of the blading which is housed without sliding in a hollow hollow 22 in the walls of the groove 14. The axis 21 of the member 20 is connected by an arm 23 to a cubic mass 24 located in the groove of the cap 4 close to that in which the axis 21 is housed.

Ainsi lorsque les chapeaux 5 vibrent, l'axe 21 de l'organe 20 peut s'orienter et il se produit une force de frottement entre la masse 24 et la paroi de la gorge 14.Thus when the caps 5 vibrate, the axis 21 of the member 20 can be oriented and a frictional force occurs between the mass 24 and the wall of the groove 14.

Comme précédemement la gorge 14 est munie d'une dent périphérique 16 qui empêche les organes 20 de sortir de la gorge 14.As before, the groove 14 is provided with a peripheral tooth 16 which prevents the members 20 from leaving the groove 14.

Selon une variante de la troisième réalisation de l'invention représentée aux figures 18 et 19 on introduit des organes en forme de barreau 25 à deux appuis 26 dans les gorges 14 débouchant sur les surfaces latérales 13 des chapeaux 4 opposées aux surfaces 7 et 8, les gorges 14 au repos étant comme sur la figure 10.According to a variant of the third embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, rod-shaped members 25 with two supports 26 are introduced into the grooves 14 opening onto the lateral surfaces 13 of the caps 4 opposite the surfaces 7 and 8, the grooves 14 at rest being as in FIG. 10.

Les barreaux 25 sont à cheval sur les gorges 14 de deux chapeaux 4 adjacents avec un appui 26 dans chacune des gorges 14. Les barreaux 25 sont arrêtés tangentiellement par un téton 27 et axialement par une dent 16.The bars 25 are astride the grooves 14 of two adjacent caps 4 with a support 26 in each of the grooves 14. The bars 25 are stopped tangentially by a stud 27 and axially by a tooth 16.

Le téton 27 est logé avec jeu dans un logement 28 de la gorge 14.The stud 27 is housed with clearance in a housing 28 in the groove 14.

Dans les exemples de réalisation précédemment décrit les corps 3 des aubes étaient terminés par des chapeaux mais ils pourraient à la place être munis d'ailerons 4 situés à une hauteur intermédiaire.In the embodiments previously described, the bodies 3 of the blades were terminated with caps but they could instead be fitted with fins 4 situated at an intermediate height.

La réalisation représentée aux figures 20 et 21 montre une vue partielle d'un aubage muni d'ailerons 4 montés sur leurs corps 3 serrés les uns contre les autres par leur face de contact 7, 8 et comportant une gorge 14 débouchant sur la surface latérale 13 des ailerons 4 opposée aux faces latérales 7 et 8.The embodiment shown in Figures 20 and 21 shows a partial view of a vane provided with fins 4 mounted on their bodies 3 tight against each other by their contact face 7, 8 and having a groove 14 opening onto the lateral surface 13 of the fins 4 opposite the side faces 7 and 8.

Dans la gorge on a introduit un fil plat 18 muni de deux excroissances 19 par aileron 4 qui frottent contre la paroi supérieure de ces gorges 14 lorsque l'aubage est en rotation.In the groove was introduced a flat wire 18 provided with two protrusions 19 by fin 4 which rub against the upper wall of these grooves 14 when the blade is in rotation.

Claims (12)

  1. A moving blading for a steam turbine, the blading comprising blades (1) having bodies (3) provided with caps or fins (4), said caps or fins (4) on adjacent blades coming into contact at least during rotation of the blading over a plane surface which is substantially parallel to the radial axis (Z'Z) of the blade and causing a twisting of the body of the blade by virtue of said contacts (7, 8), said twisting taking the same direction for all of the blades, characterized in that the blading comprises a link in addition to said contacts (7 and 8) between adjacent caps or fins (4), said link being formed by means of additional contacts (A, A') free to slide rectilinearly in a plane corresponding to the plane of each cap or fin (4) along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation OO'of the blading, said additional contacts (A, A') being situated at a relatively large distance from said contacts (7, 8) which cause the twisting.
  2. A moving blading according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional contacts (A, A') are constituted by extensions (9) of the caps or fins (4) whose top faces press against the top faces (11) of complementary cavities (12) provided in the adjacent caps or fins (4).
  3. A moving blading according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional contacts (A, A') are obtained by members (15, 17, 18, 20) situated in grooves (14) opening out into the side surface (13) of the caps or fins (4) opposite from the contacts (7, 8) which cause the twisting, said members rubbing against the walls of said grooves (14).
  4. A moving blading according to claim 3, characterized in that the link members (15) are inserted in the grooves (14) only after the blades (1) have been bent.
  5. A moving blading according to claim 4, characterized in that the link members are constituted by shims (15) interconnecting pairs of adjacent blades (1).
  6. A moving blading according to claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the grooves (14) are provided with a respective tooth (16) at the tops thereof.
  7. A moving blading according to claim 3, characterized in that the link members (17, 18, 20, 25) are inserted into the grooves (14) without bending the blades (1).
  8. A moving blading according to claim 7, characterized in that the members are constituted by bars (20) each having a shaft (21) at one end which is parallel to the axis OO' of rotation of the blading, said shaft being borne without sliding in the groove (14) of one of the blades, the bars also each having a mass (24) connected by an arm (23) to the shaft (21) and sliding in the groove (14) of the adjacent blade while rubbing against its walls.
  9. A moving blade according to claim 7, characterized in that the link members are constituted by bars (25) each comprising two abutments (26) received in the grooves (14) of two adjacent blades, the bars (25) being provided with respective studs (27) received loosely in a respective housing (28) in the groove (14) of one of said blades (1).
  10. A moving blading according to claim 7, characterized in that the link members (17, 18) are constituted by wires (17, 18) interconnecting a plurality of adjacent blades.
  11. A moving blading according to claim 10, characterized in that the wires (18) are provided with projections (19) that rub against the walls of the grooves (14).
  12. A moving blading according to any one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the grooves (14) are provided with a respective tooth (16) at the top thereof.
EP88103498A 1987-03-12 1988-03-07 Rotor blading for steam turbines Expired - Lifetime EP0284829B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88103498T ATE70891T1 (en) 1987-03-12 1988-03-07 ROTOR BLADES FOR STEAM TURBINES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8703390A FR2612249B1 (en) 1987-03-12 1987-03-12 MOBILE BLADES FOR STEAM TURBINES
FR8703390 1987-03-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0284829A1 EP0284829A1 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0284829B1 true EP0284829B1 (en) 1991-12-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88103498A Expired - Lifetime EP0284829B1 (en) 1987-03-12 1988-03-07 Rotor blading for steam turbines

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US (1) US4840539A (en)
EP (1) EP0284829B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63246402A (en)
KR (1) KR960004207B1 (en)
CN (1) CN88101214A (en)
AT (1) ATE70891T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1273088A (en)
BR (1) BR8801122A (en)
CA (1) CA1279826C (en)
DE (1) DE3867102D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2028154T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2612249B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3003829T3 (en)
MX (1) MX167279B (en)
ZA (1) ZA881716B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1273088A (en) 1988-09-15
FR2612249A1 (en) 1988-09-16
ZA881716B (en) 1988-09-06
KR960004207B1 (en) 1996-03-28
ES2028154T3 (en) 1992-07-01
KR880011440A (en) 1988-10-28
EP0284829A1 (en) 1988-10-05
US4840539A (en) 1989-06-20
DE3867102D1 (en) 1992-02-06
MX167279B (en) 1993-03-15
CA1279826C (en) 1991-02-05
CN88101214A (en) 1988-09-21
BR8801122A (en) 1988-10-18
FR2612249B1 (en) 1992-02-07
ATE70891T1 (en) 1992-01-15
GR3003829T3 (en) 1993-03-16
JPS63246402A (en) 1988-10-13

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