EP0551229B1 - Drum rotor for impulse steam turbine with blades mounted in axial grooves - Google Patents

Drum rotor for impulse steam turbine with blades mounted in axial grooves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0551229B1
EP0551229B1 EP93400019A EP93400019A EP0551229B1 EP 0551229 B1 EP0551229 B1 EP 0551229B1 EP 93400019 A EP93400019 A EP 93400019A EP 93400019 A EP93400019 A EP 93400019A EP 0551229 B1 EP0551229 B1 EP 0551229B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
grooves
blades
roots
spacers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93400019A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0551229A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Gros
Guillaume Verschaeve
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9200948A external-priority patent/FR2686650B1/en
Application filed by GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical GEC Alsthom SA
Publication of EP0551229A1 publication Critical patent/EP0551229A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0551229B1 publication Critical patent/EP0551229B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an action steam turbine comprising a drum rotor on which fins are mounted with feet provided with openings serving as fasteners housed in grooves formed in the rotor.
  • a drum rotor is described in application FR-A-9104855. In this application the grooves are circumferential.
  • the filling of the groove is far from optimal because there may remain at the end a vacuum equal to the wheelbase necessary for the pivoting of a fin foot. This gap must then be filled with shims of small thickness, but the tightening is not ideal.
  • US-A-4477226 which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1, discloses a drum rotor having longitudinal grooves in which the feet of the fins are locked.
  • the fins of a groove are mounted independently of the fins of the neighboring groove. This can cause misalignment of a crown which is detrimental to the performance of the steam turbine.
  • the flow of steam can be disturbed by the presence of the connection joints between the rotor and the feet of the fins.
  • the present invention overcomes these drawbacks by proposing a drum rotor making it possible to improve the alignment of the moving wheel in its plane and to limit the number of connecting joints.
  • the invention relates to a drum rotor for an action steam turbine comprising movable wheels constituted by fins having feet provided with openings, said feet being locked in grooves made in the rotor, the feet of the fins of a movable wheel being separated from the feet of the fins of a neighboring movable wheel by spacers, said grooves being longitudinal on at least part of the rotor.
  • the feet of the fins of the same movable wheel are joined above the grooves.
  • the problems of alignment of the moving wheels in their plane are freed, and the connection joints subjected to the flow of vapor are substantially limited.
  • the spacers which are opposite the hubs of the diaphragms may be provided with conventional fixed linings operating with clearance as usual or provided with abradable glued linings operating with reduced clearance.
  • Figure 1 shows a rotor part according to FR-A-9104855.
  • Figure 2 shows the rotor of Figure 1 with fins mounted.
  • FIG. 3 represents a partial longitudinal section of the rotor and of the turbine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 represents a section perpendicular to the axis of a diaphragm of the turbine of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 represents a section perpendicular to the axis of a mobile wheel of the rotor of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 1 represents a drum rotor part of document FR-A-9104855 provided with a circumferential groove 1 in the shape of an inverted T; the foot 2 of the T-shaped fin 3 is introduced into the groove 1 and then pivots. When all the fins 3 are in place, shims 4 are introduced having the same section as the foot 2 of the fins but much thinner. The last wedges 4 are cut in two in the height direction to be able to be introduced, and the last in three.
  • the width of the grooves 1 is greater than the width of the feet 2.
  • the rotor 6 is provided with longitudinal grooves 7 (that is to say parallel to the axis of the rotor) in the shape of an inverted T, exactly complementary to the feet 8 of the fins 9 whose development 10 is formed by the bar of the T.
  • each wheel is mounted entirely with its own clamping on the rotor by sliding it axially.
  • the feet 8 of the fins 9 of the same moving wheel 10 are contiguous above the grooves 7, and the caps 11 of the same wheel 10 can be mounted in contact with each other.
  • the spacers 12 can be separated or combined in packs of three, four or five.
  • spacers or packets of spacers 12 are in contact with each other above the grooves 7.
  • the spacers 12 carry seals 13 arranged with play with respect to the hub 14 of the fixed wheel constituting the diaphragm 15.
  • the diaphragms 15 are preferably in one piece, that is to say without cutting diametral to the horizontal joint and are then threaded onto the rotor as the movable wheels 10 are mounted by inserting a diaphragm 15 between two movable wheels 10.
  • the monobloc diaphragms (15) are isotropic and are therefore of reduced thickness.
  • the spacers 12 are provided on their outer surface with a glued abradable lining 16 arranged with a very small clearance with wipers 17 machined on the hub 14 of the fixed wheel constituting the diaphragm 15 which improves the leakage efficiency. Note that the leaks have already been greatly reduced thanks to the use of the drum rotor (small base diameter).
  • the longitudinal grooves 7 may occupy only part of the rotor 6, the other part being provided with circumferential grooves.
  • the rotors according to the invention must have the same number of fins 9 for each movable wheel, which means that the invention is particularly advantageous for HP rotors which usually have the same number of fins on all the movable wheels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Abstract

Drum rotor for an impulse steam turbine with the blades mounted in longitudinal grooves, and impulse steam turbine including such a rotor. <??>Drum rotor for an impulse steam turbine including movable wheels consisting of blades the roots of which, provided with flared parts, are immobilised in grooves made in the rotor, characterised in that the grooves are longitudinal over at least part of the rotor (6) and in that the roots (8) of the blades (9) of a movable wheel (10) are separated from the roots (8) of the blades (9) of a neighbouring movable wheel (10) by spacers (12). <??>Preferably, the diaphragms (15) are single-piece. <??>Optimum filling of grooves and better joining of the cap pieces of the blades. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne une turbine à vapeur à action comportant un rotor tambour sur lequel sont montées des ailettes avec des pieds munis d'épanouissements servant d'attache logés dans des rainures ménagées dans le rotor. Un tel rotor tambour est décrit dans la demande FR-A- 9104855. Dans cette demande les rainures sont circonférentielles.The present invention relates to an action steam turbine comprising a drum rotor on which fins are mounted with feet provided with openings serving as fasteners housed in grooves formed in the rotor. Such a drum rotor is described in application FR-A-9104855. In this application the grooves are circumferential.

Pour monter ces ailettes il est nécessaire de faire pivoter les pieds dans la rainure, si bien que la largeur de la rainure est plus importante que la largeur de l'ailette.To mount these fins it is necessary to rotate the feet in the groove, so that the width of the groove is more important than the width of the fin.

De plus le remplissage de la rainure est loin d'être optimal car il peut rester à la fin un vide égal à l'empattement nécessaire pour le pivotement d'un pied d'ailette. Il faut alors combler ce vide par des cales de faible épaisseur, mais le serrage n'est pas idéal.In addition, the filling of the groove is far from optimal because there may remain at the end a vacuum equal to the wheelbase necessary for the pivoting of a fin foot. This gap must then be filled with shims of small thickness, but the tightening is not ideal.

En outre, il subsiste un jeu circonférentiel entre les chapeaux et le liaisonnement continu n'existe pas.In addition, there is a circumferential clearance between the caps and the continuous bonding does not exist.

US-A-4477226, qui corresponde au préambule de la revendication 1, divulgue un rotor tambour présentant des rainures longitudinales dans lesquelles sont bloqués les pieds des ailettes. Cependant, les ailettes d'une rainure sont montées indépendamment des ailettes de la rainure voisine. Cela peut générer des défauts d'alignement d'une couronne néfastes à la performance de la turbine à vapeur. En outre l'écoulement de la vapeur peut être perturbé par la présence des joints de liaison entre le rotor et les pieds des ailettes.US-A-4477226, which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1, discloses a drum rotor having longitudinal grooves in which the feet of the fins are locked. However, the fins of a groove are mounted independently of the fins of the neighboring groove. This can cause misalignment of a crown which is detrimental to the performance of the steam turbine. In addition, the flow of steam can be disturbed by the presence of the connection joints between the rotor and the feet of the fins.

La présente invention pallie ces inconvénients en proposant un rotor tambour permettant d'améliorer l'alignement de la roue mobile dans son plan et de limiter le nombre de joints de liaison.The present invention overcomes these drawbacks by proposing a drum rotor making it possible to improve the alignment of the moving wheel in its plane and to limit the number of connecting joints.

A cet effet l'invention concerne un rotor tambour pour turbine à vapeur à action comportant des roues mobiles constituées par des ailettes ayant des pieds munis d'épanouissements, lesdits pieds étant bloqués dans des rainures ménagées dans le rotor, les pieds des ailettes d'une roue mobile étant séparés des pieds des ailettes d'une roue mobile voisine par des entretoises, lesdites rainures étant longitudinales sur au moins une partie du rotor. Selon l'invention, les pieds des ailettes d'une même roue mobile sont jointifs au-dessus des rainures.To this end the invention relates to a drum rotor for an action steam turbine comprising movable wheels constituted by fins having feet provided with openings, said feet being locked in grooves made in the rotor, the feet of the fins of a movable wheel being separated from the feet of the fins of a neighboring movable wheel by spacers, said grooves being longitudinal on at least part of the rotor. According to the invention, the feet of the fins of the same movable wheel are joined above the grooves.

Dans le rotor selon l'invention on est affranchi des problèmes d'alignement des roues mobiles dans leur plan, et, on limite sensiblement les joints de liaison soumis au flux de vapeur.In the rotor according to the invention, the problems of alignment of the moving wheels in their plane are freed, and the connection joints subjected to the flow of vapor are substantially limited.

Les entretoises qui sont en vis-à-vis des moyeux des diaphragmes peuvent être munies de garnitures classiques fixes fonctionnant avec jeu comme habituellement ou munies de garnitures abradables collées fonctionnant avec jeu réduit.The spacers which are opposite the hubs of the diaphragms may be provided with conventional fixed linings operating with clearance as usual or provided with abradable glued linings operating with reduced clearance.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détail en se référant à un mode de réalisation particulier cité à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté par des dessins annexés.The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to a particular embodiment cited by way of non-limiting example and shown in the accompanying drawings.

La figure 1 représente une partie de rotor selon FR-A- 9104855.Figure 1 shows a rotor part according to FR-A-9104855.

La figure 2 représente le rotor de la figure 1 avec ailettes montées.Figure 2 shows the rotor of Figure 1 with fins mounted.

La figure 3 représente une coupe longitudinale partielle du rotor et de la turbine selon l'invention.FIG. 3 represents a partial longitudinal section of the rotor and of the turbine according to the invention.

La figure 4 représente une coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe d'un diaphragme de la turbine de la figure 3.FIG. 4 represents a section perpendicular to the axis of a diaphragm of the turbine of FIG. 3.

La figure 5 représente une coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe d'une roue mobile du rotor de la figure 3.FIG. 5 represents a section perpendicular to the axis of a mobile wheel of the rotor of FIG. 3.

La figure 1 représente une partie de rotor tambour du document FR-A- 9104855 munie d'une rainure circonférentielle 1 en forme de T renversé ; le pied 2 de l'ailette 3 en forme de T est introduit dans la rainure 1 puis pivote. Lorsque toutes les ailettes 3 sont en place, on introduit des cales 4 ayant même section que le pied 2 des ailettes mais beaucoup plus minces. Les dernières cales 4 sont coupées en deux dans le sens de la hauteur pour pouvoir être introduites, et la dernière en trois.FIG. 1 represents a drum rotor part of document FR-A-9104855 provided with a circumferential groove 1 in the shape of an inverted T; the foot 2 of the T-shaped fin 3 is introduced into the groove 1 and then pivots. When all the fins 3 are in place, shims 4 are introduced having the same section as the foot 2 of the fins but much thinner. The last wedges 4 are cut in two in the height direction to be able to be introduced, and the last in three.

La largeur des rainures 1 est plus importante que la largeur des pieds 2.The width of the grooves 1 is greater than the width of the feet 2.

De plus le fait de devoir combler les jeux à la base par des cales 4 n'autorise des montages à liaisonnement continu qu'avec une faible torsion des chapeaux 5 des ailettes 3. Dans le cas général, il subsiste un jeu circonférentiel ℓ au niveau des chapeaux 5, surtout en rotation après allongement centrifuge et thermique (voir figure 2).In addition, the fact of having to fill the clearances at the base with shims 4 only authorizes continuous connection assemblies with a slight twisting of the caps 5 of the fins 3. In the general case, there remains a circumferential clearance ℓ at the level caps 5, especially in rotation after centrifugal and thermal elongation (see Figure 2).

Le montage des ailettes selon l'invention est représenté aux figures 3 à 5.The assembly of the fins according to the invention is shown in Figures 3 to 5.

Le rotor 6 est muni de rainures longitudinales 7 (c'est-à-dire parallèles à l'axe du rotor) en forme de T renversé, exactement complémentaire des pieds 8 des ailettes 9 dont l'épanouissement 10 est constitué par la barre du T.The rotor 6 is provided with longitudinal grooves 7 (that is to say parallel to the axis of the rotor) in the shape of an inverted T, exactly complementary to the feet 8 of the fins 9 whose development 10 is formed by the bar of the T.

On pourrait également prévoir un épanouissement 10 en forme de pied de sapin.One could also provide a bloom 10 in the shape of a fir tree foot.

Il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir un jeu des pieds dans les rainures puisque les pieds 8 des ailettes 9 sont glissées axialement dans les rainures 7. En réalité, chaque roue est montée en totalité avec son propre serrage sur le rotor en la faisant glisser axialement.It is not necessary to provide a play of the feet in the grooves since the feet 8 of the fins 9 are slid axially in the grooves 7. In reality, each wheel is mounted entirely with its own clamping on the rotor by sliding it axially.

Les pieds 8 des ailettes 9 d'une même roue mobile 10 sont jointifs au-dessus des rainures 7, et les chapeaux 11 d'une même roue 10 peuvent être montées en contact les uns avec les autres.The feet 8 of the fins 9 of the same moving wheel 10 are contiguous above the grooves 7, and the caps 11 of the same wheel 10 can be mounted in contact with each other.

Entre deux roues mobiles 10 d'ailettes 9 on glisse des entretoises 12 qui ont la même forme que les pieds 8 des ailettes 9 dans chaque rainure 7. Les entretoises 12 peuvent être séparées ou réunies par paquets de trois, quatre ou cinq.Between two movable wheels 10 of fins 9 there are sliding spacers 12 which have the same shape as the feet 8 of the fins 9 in each groove 7. The spacers 12 can be separated or combined in packs of three, four or five.

Ces entretoises ou paquets d'entretoises 12 sont au contact les unes avec les autres au-dessus des rainures 7.These spacers or packets of spacers 12 are in contact with each other above the grooves 7.

Selon une première réalisation les entretoises 12 portent des garnitures d'étanchéité 13 disposées avec jeu vis-à-vis du moyeu 14 de la roue fixe constituant le diaphragme 15. Les diaphragmes 15 sont de préférence monobloc c'est-à-dire sans coupure diamétrale au joint horizontal et sont alors enfilés sur le rotor à mesure qu on monte les roues mobiles 10 en intercalant un diaphragme 15 entre deux roues mobiles 10.According to a first embodiment, the spacers 12 carry seals 13 arranged with play with respect to the hub 14 of the fixed wheel constituting the diaphragm 15. The diaphragms 15 are preferably in one piece, that is to say without cutting diametral to the horizontal joint and are then threaded onto the rotor as the movable wheels 10 are mounted by inserting a diaphragm 15 between two movable wheels 10.

Les diaphragmes monobloc (15) sont isotropes et sont donc d'épaisseur réduite.The monobloc diaphragms (15) are isotropic and are therefore of reduced thickness.

Selon une seconde réalisation les entretoises 12 sont munies sur leur surface extérieure d'une garniture abradable collée 16 disposée avec un jeu très réduit avec des léchettes 17 usinées sur le moyeu 14 de la roue fixe constituant le diaphragme 15 ce qui permet d'améliorer le rendement de fuite. A noter que les fuites ont déjà été fortement réduites grâce à l'utilisation du rotor tambour (faible diamètre de base).According to a second embodiment, the spacers 12 are provided on their outer surface with a glued abradable lining 16 arranged with a very small clearance with wipers 17 machined on the hub 14 of the fixed wheel constituting the diaphragm 15 which improves the leakage efficiency. Note that the leaks have already been greatly reduced thanks to the use of the drum rotor (small base diameter).

Ces entretoises 12 isolent thermiquement le rotor 6.These spacers 12 thermally isolate the rotor 6.

De plus, en cas de déformation des parties statoriques 18 auxquelles sont fixées les diaphragmes 15, il peut se produire des contacts entre diaphragmes 15 et rotor 6. Grâce au montage précité le rotor 6 est protégé en cas de contact, ce qui évite une déformation de celui-ci.In addition, in the event of deformation of the stator parts 18 to which the diaphragms 15 are fixed, contact may occur between diaphragms 15 and rotor 6. Thanks to the above-mentioned assembly, the rotor 6 is protected in the event of contact, which prevents deformation of it.

Les rainures longitudinales 7 peuvent n'occuper qu une partie du rotor 6, l'autre partie étant munie de rainures circonférentielles. Les rotors selon l'invention doivent avoir le même nombre d'ailettes 9 pour chaque roue mobile ce qui fait que l'invention est particulièrement intéressante pour les rotors HP qui comportent habituellement un même nombre d'ailettes sur toutes les roues mobiles.The longitudinal grooves 7 may occupy only part of the rotor 6, the other part being provided with circumferential grooves. The rotors according to the invention must have the same number of fins 9 for each movable wheel, which means that the invention is particularly advantageous for HP rotors which usually have the same number of fins on all the movable wheels.

Claims (5)

  1. A drum rotor (6) for an impulse steam turbine having moving wheels (10) constituted by blades (9) having roots (8) provided with enlargements, said roots (8) being locked in grooves (7) formed in the rotor (6), the roots (8) of the blades (9) of a moving wheel (10) being separated from the roots (8) of the blades (9) of an adjacent moving wheel (10) by spacers (12), the grooves (7) being longitudinal over at least a portion of the rotor (6), the rotor being characterized in that the roots (8) of the blades (9) of a same moving wheel (10) touch one another above the grooves (7).
  2. An impulse stem turbine including a drum rotor according to claim 1, comprising diaphragms (15) fixed to the stator (18) of the turbine separating said moving wheels (10), the turbine being characterized in that the spacers (12) have the same section as the roots (8) of the blades (9) and facing the hubs (14) of the diaphragms (15), said spacers (12) being separated or being interconnected in packets, and touching one another above the grooves (7).
  3. A turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that each of the spacers (12) includes ribs (13) for sealing purposes.
  4. A turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacers (12) are provided with abradable packing (16) and in that the hubs (14) of the diaphragms (15) carry ribs (17).
  5. A turbine according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the diaphragms (15) are one-piece elements.
EP93400019A 1992-01-08 1993-01-07 Drum rotor for impulse steam turbine with blades mounted in axial grooves Expired - Lifetime EP0551229B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9200122 1992-01-08
FR9100122 1992-01-08
FR9200948 1992-01-29
FR9200948A FR2686650B1 (en) 1992-01-29 1992-01-29 DRUM ROTOR FOR ACTION STEAM TURBINE WITH MOUNTING OF FINS IN LONGITUDINAL GROOVES AND ACTION STEAM TURBINE COMPRISING SUCH A ROTOR.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0551229A1 EP0551229A1 (en) 1993-07-14
EP0551229B1 true EP0551229B1 (en) 1996-11-27

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EP93400019A Expired - Lifetime EP0551229B1 (en) 1992-01-08 1993-01-07 Drum rotor for impulse steam turbine with blades mounted in axial grooves

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US (1) US5308227A (en)
EP (1) EP0551229B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3297112B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1034829C (en)
AT (1) ATE145709T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ406592A3 (en)
DE (1) DE69306130T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0551229T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2093936T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3022290T3 (en)
MX (1) MX9300032A (en)

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Publication number Publication date
JPH05248205A (en) 1993-09-24
DK0551229T3 (en) 1997-03-17
MX9300032A (en) 1993-11-01
CN1034829C (en) 1997-05-07
CZ406592A3 (en) 1993-08-11
CN1080017A (en) 1993-12-29
DE69306130D1 (en) 1997-01-09
US5308227A (en) 1994-05-03
ES2093936T3 (en) 1997-01-01
ATE145709T1 (en) 1996-12-15
DE69306130T2 (en) 1997-03-27
JP3297112B2 (en) 2002-07-02
GR3022290T3 (en) 1997-04-30
EP0551229A1 (en) 1993-07-14

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