EP0283045B1 - Spiralkompresseur - Google Patents

Spiralkompresseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0283045B1
EP0283045B1 EP88104390A EP88104390A EP0283045B1 EP 0283045 B1 EP0283045 B1 EP 0283045B1 EP 88104390 A EP88104390 A EP 88104390A EP 88104390 A EP88104390 A EP 88104390A EP 0283045 B1 EP0283045 B1 EP 0283045B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
center block
type compressor
scroll
scroll type
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88104390A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0283045A2 (de
EP0283045A3 (en
Inventor
Shigemi Shimizu
Kazuto Kikuchi
Kiyoshi Terauchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanden Corp
Original Assignee
Sanden Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP62067354A external-priority patent/JPS63235682A/ja
Priority claimed from JP62067355A external-priority patent/JPS63235683A/ja
Application filed by Sanden Corp filed Critical Sanden Corp
Publication of EP0283045A2 publication Critical patent/EP0283045A2/de
Publication of EP0283045A3 publication Critical patent/EP0283045A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0283045B1 publication Critical patent/EP0283045B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C23/00—Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluids; Pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids; Multi-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C23/008—Hermetic pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/60—Shafts
    • F04C2240/603—Shafts with internal channels for fluid distribution, e.g. hollow shaft

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a scroll type compressor and more particularly, to a motor driven scroll compressor having the compression and drive mechanisms within a hermetically sealed container.
  • Scroll type fluid displacement apparatus are well known in the prior art.
  • U.S. Patent No. 801,182 issued to Creux discloses such an apparatus which includes two scrolls, each having a circular end plate and a spiroidal or involute spiral element.
  • the scrolls are maintained angularly and radially offset so that both spiral elements interfit to form a plurality of line contacts between their spiral curved surfaces to thereby seal off and define at least one pair of fluid pockets.
  • the relative orbital motion of the two scrolls shifts the line contacts along the spiral curved surfaces and, as a result, the volume of the fluid pockets increases or decreases, dependent on the direction of the orbital motion.
  • a scroll type fluid displacement apparatus may be used to compress, expand or pump fluids.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,560,330 discloses such a hermetic type scroll compressor which includes a fixed scroll, orbiting scroll, rotation preventing device and driving mechanism in one sealed container.
  • the essentially inseparable container is sealed by welding or other means so that leakage of refrigerant gas from the container is completely prevented.
  • hermetic type scroll compressor prevents leakage of refrigerant gas from the container, this hermetic type scroll compressor can hardly be disassembled and reassembled for inspection, and repair or exchange of parts.
  • US-A-2 331 878 discloses a vane pump, the - housing of which is composed of two shells secured together by bolts. An additional closure plate is provided on one of said shells and a tube project through one of these shells. This complicates assembling and disassembling of the device. Moreover, no center block is provided which could serve as support means for the motor or other parts of the device.
  • Figure 1 depicts a hermetic type scroll refrigerant compressor 1 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Compressor 1 includes first cup shaped casing 10, second cup shaped casing 20 and center block 30 which is attached to first cup shaped casing 10 and second cup shaped casing 20. Opening or bore 31 is formed in the center of center block 30 for receiving drive shaft 11. Radial projection 301 is formed in the inner peripheral surface of opening 31.
  • Drive shaft 11 is rotatably supported in opening 31 by bearing 33.
  • Bearing 33 firmly fits in opening 31.
  • Outer ring 33a of bearing 33 is stopped at a rear end surface of radial projection 301.
  • Nut 34 is screwed on drive shaft 11 and faces one end surface of inner ring 33b of bearing 33.
  • Flange 111 located at one end of drive shaft 11 faces the other end surface of inner ring 33b of bearing 33. Axial motion of drive shaft 11 is thereby prevented by flange 111 and nut 34. Rotor 40a of motor 40 surrounds drive shaft 11. Rotor 40a may be firmly inserted over drive shaft 11.
  • Fixed scroll 50 includes circular end plate 51 and wrap orspiral elements 52 affixed to or extending from one end surface of end plate 51.
  • Fixed scroll 50 is fixed within the inner chamber of first cup shaped casing 10 by screws 11 screwed into end plate 51 from outside of first cup shaped casing 10.
  • Seal ring 11 b is located between an inner surface of screw flange 11a and the outer end surface of first cup shaped casing 10 to seal the connection therebetween.
  • Circular end plate 51 of fixed scroll 50 partitions the inner chamber of first cup shaped casing 10 into two chambers, such as front chamber 18 and rear chamber 19.
  • Orbiting scroll 60 is disposed at the rear end side of center block 30 through later mentioned rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 45.
  • Orbiting scroll 60 includes circular end plate 61 and wrap or spiral element 62 affixed to or extending from one end surface of circular end plate 61.
  • Annular projection 16 is formed opposite the surface of circular end plate 61 from which spiral element 62 extends.
  • Bearing 16d is disposed within the inner peripheral wall of the annular projection 16.
  • Bushing 115 is attached to one end of drive shaft 11 at a radial offset through pin member 115b. Bushing 115 is inserted into annular projection 18 of orbiting scroll 60. Orbiting scroll 60 is rotatably supported by bushing 118 through bearing 16d placed on the outer peripheral surface of bushing 115.
  • Rotating preventing/thrust bearing device 45 is placed between the rear end surface of center block 30 and the end surface of circular end plate 61.
  • Rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 45 includes fixed ring 451 attached on the axial end surface of annular projection 302 which is formed in the rear end surface of center block 30, orbiting ring 452 attached on the end surface of circular end plate 61, and a plurality of bearing elements, such as balls 453, placed between pockets 451 a, 452a formed by rings 451,452.
  • the rotation of orbiting scroll 60 during orbital motion is prevented by the interaction of balls 453 with rings 451, 452.
  • the axial thrust load from orbiting scroll 60 is supported on center block 30 through balls 453. While orbiting scroll 60 orbits, the rotation of orbiting scroll 60 is prevented by rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 45.
  • spiral element 62 of orbiting scroll 60 interfits spiral element 52 of fixed scroll 50 at an annular offset of 180° and at a predetermined radial offset.
  • Spiral elements 62 and 52 define at least one pair of sealed off fluid pockets between their interfitting surfaces.
  • Radial projection 303 formed in the outer peripheral surface of center block 30 is fixed to the axial end surface of first cup shaped casing 10 by screws 12.
  • Seal ring 12a is disposed within circumferential groove 12b of annular projection 302 to form a seal between the inner wall of first cup shaped casing 10 and the outer peripheral surface of annular projection 302.
  • stator 40b is held firmly between center block 30 and rear bearing unit 70.
  • the inner peripheral surface of stator 40b and the outer peripheral surface of rotor 40a face each other.
  • Rear bearing unit 70 and motor 40 are covered by second cup shaped casing 20.
  • Flange 21a formed at opening end 21 of second cup shaped casing 20 is fixed to radial projection 303 of center block 30 by screws 14.
  • Seal ring 14a is disposed within a circular groove 14b of flange 21a a to form a seal between the front end surface of radial projection 303 and an axial end surface of flange 21a.
  • Terminals 412a are connected to an external electrical source (not shown) through a switch (also not shown).
  • Hermetic seal base 412 is insulated from terminals 412a and fixed to projection 413 which is formed on side surface of second cup shaped casing 20 by screws 414. Seal ring 414a is disposed within a circular groove 414b of projection 413 to form a seal between the rear end surface of hermetic seal base 412 and the axial end surface of projection 413.
  • the refrigerant gas in the front chamber is taken into the sealed fluid pockets between the fixed scroll and orbiting scroll, then moves toward the center of the spiral wraps during the orbital motion of the orbiting scroll with a resultant volume reduction and compression, and is discharged to rear chamber 19 as through hole 56 and one-way valve 56c. Discharged gas in the rear chamber then flows to an external fluid circuit (not shown) through outlet port 10c.
  • hermetic type scroll refrigerant compressor 1 is shown in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same construction is accorded like numerals as that shown in Figure 1.
  • the description of that constructions is substantially omitted to simplify the description herein.
  • Orbiting scroll 60 interfits fixed scroll 50.
  • Annular projection 16 is formed opposite the surface of circular end plate 61 from which spiral element 62 is extended.
  • Bearing 16d is disposed within the inner peripheral wall of the annular projection 16.
  • a first center block 310 having central opening or bore 311 is disposed adjacent to rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 45.
  • the first center block 310 is releasably and hermetically secured fixed to an axial end surface of first cup shaped casing 10 by screws 12.
  • Seal ring 12a is disposed within a circumferential groove 12b of annular projection 312 formed at the rear end surface of the center block 310 to form a seal between the inner wall of the first cup shaped casing 10 and the outer peripheral surface of annular projection 312.
  • a first housing 100 includes the first center block 310 and the first cup shaped casing 10 having fixed scroll 50, orbiting scroll 60 and rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 45 therein.
  • Compression mechanism section 110 comprises a first center block 310 and the construction to the right thereof as shown in Figure 2.
  • Second center block 320 rotatably supports drive shaft 11 in center block central opening or bore 321 through bearing 33.
  • One end of drive shaft 11 is rotatably supported by rear bearing unit 70 through bearing 71.
  • Stator 40b of motor 40 is held between the second center block 320 and rear bearing unit 70.
  • Rear bearing unit 70 is releasably secured to the second center block 320 by screws 13.
  • driving mechanism section 120 is to the left of first center block 310 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the second center block 320 is positioned firmly within second cup shaped casing 20 and against ridge 323 formed in the innerwall of the second cup shaped casing 20.
  • a second housing 200 includes the driving mechanism section 120 and the second cup shaped casing 20.
  • Bushing 115 is attached to one end of drive shaft 11 at a radial offset through pin member 115b.
  • the first housing 100 and the second housing 200 are fitted together so that bushing 115 is inserted into annular projection 16 of circular end plate 61.
  • Drive shaft 11 is attached to orbiting scroll at a radial offset.
  • Flange 21a formed at opening end 21 of second cup shaped casing 20 is releasably and hermetically secured to radial projection 313 of first center block 310 by screws 14 and seal ring 14a.
  • Seal ring 14a is disposed within a circular groove 14b of flange 21a to form a seal between the front end surface of radial projection 313 and the axial end surface offlange 21 a.
  • Annular projection 322 and the recess defined by projection 312 form an alignment mechanism for aligning drive shaft 11 with the orbiting scroll when first housing 100 and second housing 200 engage first center block 310.
  • hermetically sealed compressor housing 400 is formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) innerhalb eines hermetisch abgeschlossenen Gehäuses, mit einer fest in dem Gehäuse vorgesehenen festen Spirale (50) mit einer Endplatte (51), von der sich ein erstes Spiralelement (52) in das Innere des Gehäuses erstreckt, einer umlaufenden Spirale (60) mit einer Endplatte (61), von der sich ein zweites Spiralelement (62) erstreckt, wobei das erste und zweite Spiralelement (52,62) mit einer winkelmäßigen und radialen Versetzung zum Bilden einer Mehrzahl von Linienkontakten, die mindestens ein Paar von abgeschlossenen Fluidtaschen abgrenzen, ineinandergreifen, einem Antriebsmechanismus mit einem in dem Gehäuse getragenen Motor (40), wobei der Antriebsmechanismus mit der umlaufenden Spirale (60) zum Bewirken der umlaufenden Bewegung der umlaufenden Spirale (60) betriebsmäßig verbunden ist, einer Rotationsverhinderungsvorrichtung (45) zum Verhindern der Rotation der umlaufenden Spirale (60) während der umlaufenden Bewegung, wodurch sich das Volumen der Fluidtaschen während der umlaufenden Bewegung zum Komprimieren des Fluids in den Taschen ändert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse eine erste Schale (10), eine getrennte zweite Schale (20) und einen Mittelblock (30) aufweist, daß der Mittelblock (30) einen sich um den Umfang des Kompressors (1) erstreckenden Umfangsabschnitt (303) aufweist, daß die erste Schale (10) lösbar und hermetisch dicht an einer ersten Seite des Umfangsabschnittes (303) des Mittel blockes (30) befestigt ist und daß die zweite Schale (20) lösbar und hermetisch dicht an einer zweiten Seite des Umfangsabschnittes (303) des Mittelblockes (30) befestigt ist.
2. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mittelblock (30) mit einem innerhalb des Umfangsabschnittes angeordneten inneren Abschnitt (301, 302) versehen ist, daß ein Abschnitt der Rotationsverhinderungsvorrichtung (45) mit einer ersten Seite (302) des inneren Abschnittes des Mittelblockes (30) verbunden ist, daß ein Endabschnitt der Antriebswelle (11) drehbar in einer zweiten entgegengesetzten Seite (301) des inneren Abschnittes des Mittelblockes (30) getragen ist, daß ein hinterer Lagertragblock (70) lösbar mit der zweiten Seite (301) des inneren Abschnittes des Mittelblockes (30) verbunden ist, daß der andere Endabschnitt der Antriebswelle (11) von dem hinteren Lagertragblock getragen ist.
3. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mittelblock (30) als ein einstückiges Element gebildet ist.
4. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mittelblock (30) als ein einstückiges Element gebildet ist, das einen Umfangsabschnitt (303) aufweist, der eine lösbare Befestigungsvorrichtung (12, 14) zum Befestigen der ersten und zweiten Schale (10, 20) an dem Mittelblock (30) aufnimmt und einen inneren Abschnitt (301, 302) zum drehbaren Tragen eines Abschnittes des Antriebsmechanismus enthält.
5. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mittelblock (30) als ein erster Block (310) und ein zweitergetrennter Block (320) gebildet ist, daß der erste Block (310) einen Umfangsabschnitt (313) und die erste Seite des inneren Abschnittes des Mittelblockes (30) enthält, und daß der zweite Block (320) die zweite Seite des inneren Abschnittes des Mittelblockes (30) enthält.
6. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mittelblock (30) aus einem ersten Block (310) und einem zweiten getrennten Block (320) gebildet ist, daß der erste Block (310) einen Umfangsabschnitt (313) zum Aufnehmen einer lösbaren Befestigungsvorrichtung (12, 14) zum Befestigen der ersten und zweiten Schale (10, 20) an dem Mittelblock (30) aufweist, daß der zweite Block (320) einen inneren Abschnitt zum drehbaren Tragen eines Abschnittes des Antriebsmechanismus aufweist.
7. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Abschnitt der Befestigungsvorrichtung (12, 14), der eine der ersten und zweiten Schale (10, 20) an dem Mittelblockelement (30) befestigt, innerhalb der anderen der ersten und zweiten Schale (10, 20) vorgesehen ist.
8. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Abschnitt der Befestigungsvorrichtung (12), der die erste Schale (10) an dem Mittelblock(30) befestigt, in der zweiten Schale (20) vorgesehen ist.
9. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Block (320) einen konzentrisch um die Antriebswelle (11)vorgesehenen ringförmigen Vorsprung (322) aufweist und daß der erste Block (310) einen konzentrisch um die Antriebswelle (11) vorgesehenen ringförmigen Abschnitt (312) aufweist, der eine ringförmige Ausnehmung in seiner Wand aufweist, wobei die Ausnehmung eine im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Antriebswellenmittellinie stehende Anschlagsoberfläche aufweist, der ringförmige Vorsprung (322) und die Ausnehmung zum Bilden einer Ausrichtevorrichtung zum Ausrichten der Antriebswelle (11) mit der umlaufenden Spirale (60) zusammenwirken.
10. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl der erste Block (310) als auch der zweite Block (320) eine Oberfläche aufweisen, die sich radial nach außen von dem ersten ringförmigen Blockabschnitt bzw. dem zweiten ringförmigen Blockabschnitt erstreckt, und daß jede Oberfläche kegelstumpfartig ist.
11. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spiralen (50, 60) von der ersten Schale (10) umgeben sind und daß der Motor (40) mit einem Rotor (40a) und einem Stator (40b) von der zweiten Schale (20) umgeben sind.
12. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die feste Spirale (50) lösbar und hermetisch dicht an der ersten Schale (10) befestigt ist.
13. Spiraltyp-Kompressor (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Schale (10, 20) becherförmig ist.
EP88104390A 1987-03-20 1988-03-18 Spiralkompresseur Expired - Lifetime EP0283045B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62067354A JPS63235682A (ja) 1987-03-20 1987-03-20 スクロ−ル型流体装置
JP67354/87 1987-03-20
JP62067355A JPS63235683A (ja) 1987-03-20 1987-03-20 スクロ−ル型流体装置
JP67355/87 1987-03-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0283045A2 EP0283045A2 (de) 1988-09-21
EP0283045A3 EP0283045A3 (en) 1989-06-14
EP0283045B1 true EP0283045B1 (de) 1991-07-24

Family

ID=26408551

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88104390A Expired - Lifetime EP0283045B1 (de) 1987-03-20 1988-03-18 Spiralkompresseur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0283045B1 (de)
KR (1) KR960014085B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1011811B (de)
AU (1) AU607745B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1305688C (de)
DE (1) DE3863799D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01182586A (ja) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-20 Sanden Corp 密閉型スクロール圧縮機
JPH05113187A (ja) * 1991-10-24 1993-05-07 Sanden Corp 圧縮機
JP3078369B2 (ja) * 1991-10-24 2000-08-21 サンデン株式会社 圧縮機
JPH08193580A (ja) * 1994-11-17 1996-07-30 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd スクロール型圧縮機
US6350111B1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2002-02-26 Copeland Corporation Scroll machine with ported orbiting scroll member
JP5592838B2 (ja) 2011-06-13 2014-09-17 サンデン株式会社 流体機械
CN102330679B (zh) * 2011-09-16 2013-08-14 大连三洋压缩机有限公司 一种可拆卸式涡旋压缩机
EP2980407B1 (de) * 2013-03-27 2019-06-26 Hitachi-Johnson Controls Air Conditioning, Inc. Spiralverdichter
US11656003B2 (en) 2019-03-11 2023-05-23 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Climate-control system having valve assembly

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2331878A (en) * 1939-05-25 1943-10-19 Wentworth And Hull Vane pump
US3311293A (en) * 1965-08-06 1967-03-28 Gast Mfg Corp Integral vacuum pump and air compressor
US4065279A (en) * 1976-09-13 1977-12-27 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Scroll-type apparatus with hydrodynamic thrust bearing
US4314796A (en) * 1978-09-04 1982-02-09 Sankyo Electric Company Limited Scroll-type compressor with thrust bearing lubricating and bypass means
JPS55109793A (en) * 1979-02-17 1980-08-23 Sanden Corp Displacement type fluid compressor
US4552518A (en) * 1984-02-21 1985-11-12 American Standard Inc. Scroll machine with discharge passage through orbiting scroll plate and associated lubrication system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1011811B (zh) 1991-02-27
AU1325888A (en) 1988-09-22
AU607745B2 (en) 1991-03-14
KR880011473A (ko) 1988-10-28
KR960014085B1 (ko) 1996-10-12
EP0283045A2 (de) 1988-09-21
CA1305688C (en) 1992-07-28
DE3863799D1 (de) 1991-08-29
EP0283045A3 (en) 1989-06-14
CN88102057A (zh) 1988-10-05

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