EP0282845A1 - Fuels containing small amounts of alkoxylate and polycarboxylic acid imide - Google Patents
Fuels containing small amounts of alkoxylate and polycarboxylic acid imide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0282845A1 EP0282845A1 EP88103420A EP88103420A EP0282845A1 EP 0282845 A1 EP0282845 A1 EP 0282845A1 EP 88103420 A EP88103420 A EP 88103420A EP 88103420 A EP88103420 A EP 88103420A EP 0282845 A1 EP0282845 A1 EP 0282845A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- valve
- alkoxylates
- fuels
- engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 amide imides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonocyanidic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#N HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJYDNDLQIIGSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,5,7-trinitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocan-1-yl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 CJYDNDLQIIGSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTOSHSWKQMEPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-dimethylpentane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(N)CCCN(C)C JTOSHSWKQMEPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-Dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1(C)CO1 GELKGHVAFRCJNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CN LTHNHFOGQMKPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAYDWGMOPRHLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Chemical class C1CCCC2OC21C=C XAYDWGMOPRHLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Chemical compound C1CCC2OC21 GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCO QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MELPJGOMEMRMPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-oxabicyclo[6.1.0]nonane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC2OC21 MELPJGOMEMRMPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Natural products O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical compound N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000071 diazene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQZXOIPVJBKPAK-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium;sodium;phosphono phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].OP(O)(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O DQZXOIPVJBKPAK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the invention relates to fuels for gasoline and diesel engines containing an additive A) small amounts of alkoxylates obtained by alkoxylation of mono- or polyhydroxy compounds and B) small amounts of tri- or tetracarboxamides or -imides.
- By returning these so-called “blow-by gases" to the intake part or the air filter part of the oil mist that is created in the crankcase is brought back into the engine via the intake system and largely burned there, but they are noticeable Oil mist also deposits in the interior of the carburetor, in the intake ducts, on the intake valves and on the injection nozzles.
- High-performance carburettors are complex structures with very fine channels and bores and precisely calibrated nozzles for spraying and metering the fuel.
- the ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the exhaust gases is adversely affected, i.e. higher amounts of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas occur in the case of dirty injection units or intake systems.
- the amount of additives (A) and (B) according to the invention added to petrol and diesel fuels is between 0.01 and 0.3% by weight, preferably between 0.005 and 0.15% by weight.
- the weight ratio of components (A) and (B) is usually between 5: 1 to 1: 3.
- Alkoxylates used are preferably butoxylates of mono- or polyhydroxy compounds or mixed alkoxylates using propylene / butylene mixed oxides.
- the proportion of butylene oxide or longer-chain alkylene oxide in the mixed alkoxylate is responsible for the oil solubility or oil compatibility of the alkoxide.
- the propylene oxide / butylene oxide ratio can be between 5:95 and 95: 5 parts by weight.
- Advantageous mixtures contain propylene oxide / butylene oxide in a ratio of 60:40 to 30:70. In principle, all butylene oxides, i.e.
- Butene-1, butene-2 or isobutene oxide or any mixtures of these oxides with one another or with propylene oxide are suitable for the preparation of the alkoxylates according to the invention.
- Effective alkoxylates are likewise obtained from mixtures of propylene oxide, butylene oxide and higher open-chain and cyclic alkene oxides or from the higher open-chain and cyclic alkene oxides alone.
- Examples include: pentene-1-oxide, decene-1-oxide, cyclopentene oxide, cyclohexene oxide and cyclooctene oxide and vinyl-cyclohexene oxides.
- Alcohols of the general formula come as mono- or polyhydroxy compounds R (OH) n , in which n is the numbers 1 to 4 and R is a C1-C20 straight-chain or preferably branched alkane, into consideration.
- Typical examples are butanol, isobutanol, 2-ethylhexanol, isononanol, isodekanol, isotridekanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol , 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanediol and pentaerythritol.
- the alkoxylates are prepared by the methods of the prior art, i.e.
- a mono- or polyhydroxy compound is placed in a reactor together with the catalyst (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or alkali alcoholates) and gassed with alkylene oxides or alkylene oxide mixtures or reacted with liquid alkylene oxides with stirring at temperatures from 120 to 150 ° C.
- the catalyst e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or alkali alcoholates
- any gaseous alkylene oxide which has not reacted is drawn off under vacuum and the crude alkoxylate is optionally washed with water largely free of alkali.
- the alkaline catalyst e.g.
- the alkoxylate when using potassium hydroxide, the alkoxylate can be washed with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution of sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P4O7).
- sodium potassium pyrophosphate precipitates as an insoluble double salt and can be filtered off.
- alkoxylates to be used according to the invention it is not necessary to start from mixtures of the alkylene oxides in question in the case of mixed alkoxylates. It is also possible to react two or more alkylene oxides in succession with the mono- or polyhydroxy compound as the starting molecule. Alkoxylates, which are initially obtained by reacting mono- or polyhydroxy compounds only with a small amount of ethylene oxide (e.g. 1-5 mol ethylene oxide per hydroxyl group of the mono- or polyhydroxy compound), can also be obtained by subsequent reaction with a correspondingly large amount of higher alkylene oxides implement alkoxylates to be used according to the invention.
- ethylene oxide e.g. 1-5 mol ethylene oxide per hydroxyl group of the mono- or polyhydroxy compound
- Possible components (B) are, for example, reaction products of nitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acids with mono-, oligo- or polyamines or technical amine mixtures, such as are described, for example, as mixed components in EP-A-6527.
- the compounds according to (B) of the formula I are prepared by methods known per se, for example by reacting nitrilotriacetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with the amines or amine mixtures R-NH2 obtained at temperatures of 150 to 220 ° C usually 160 to 200 ° C.
- the amines are used in a molar ratio of 2: 1 (cyclic diimide) or in an amount of 3 moles of amine or amine mixture per mole of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (amine imide) or 2 moles per mole of nitriloacetic acid (amide imide) or To a small extent, additional amounts applied. In most cases, amidimides or imides are obtained in this way in addition to minor amounts of amides, ie substitution of all carbonyl groups by one amide residue.
- the procedure is such that the amine or amine mixture is placed in a stirred vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere and the nitriloacetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is introduced at approximately 80 ° C. and the mixture is stirred at 160 to 200 ° C. for 4 to 10 hours, at slowly reacting amines or amine mixtures also heated to a higher temperature until the acid number is less than 10.
- amines of the formula R-NH2 those with 7 to 18, preferably 8 to 14 carbon atoms are suitable. These amines can also have further amino groups, for example non-primary amino groups or alkoxy groups. Likewise, oxygen atoms can be present in the chain.
- alkyl radicals can be interrupted by nitrogen or oxygen atoms: 2-ethylhexylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tridecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, stearylamine, 2-amino-5-dimethylaminopentane and 1- (2-ethylhexoxy) -propylamine- (3).
- Fuel additives using the alkoxylates (A) and the polycarboximides can additionally contain a number of other known active components, such as sterically hindered substituted phenols as antioxidants, dipropylene glycol or similarly designed glycols as antiicing additives to protect the carburetor from ice formation, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, Demulsifiers and antistatic agents to increase the conductivity of the fuels.
- active components such as sterically hindered substituted phenols as antioxidants, dipropylene glycol or similarly designed glycols as antiicing additives to protect the carburetor from ice formation, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, Demulsifiers and antistatic agents to increase the conductivity of the fuels.
- the results are evaluated as follows.
- the new inlet valves are cleaned or degreased with solvent before the test and weighed exactly to three decimal places. At the end of the test, the valves are removed.
- the stems or the valve tulips are assessed by checking the stickiness with finger pressure.
- the valves, including the stems are then swung twice in n-heptane for 5 seconds and dried in air by swirling.
- the valves are then mechanically freed from the combustion residues adhering to the underside of the tulip after clamping on the shafts in a horizontally mounted drilling machine with the help of a wood chip or sanding cloth with a grain size of 400 and then at three points behind exactly weighed the comma.
- the Ab Bearings of all 4 valves are averaged and the result is given in mg / valve.
- the carburettor is kept clean by evaluating the carburettor according to the CRC rating scale.
- Carburetor contamination with non-additive fuels generally gives a rating of 6.5 to 8.5. If effective carburetor-cleaning additives are present, the rating after the end of the test is between 8.0 and 10.0.
- the rating 10.0 corresponds to a completely clean carburetor.
- Table 2 contains test results with fuels without the use of fuel additives (Ex. 1 to 3), as well as results of engine test runs using the components of the combination to be used according to the invention.
- a Daimler-Benz M 102 electric engine was also used to check the cleanliness in the intake system.
- Test procedure is similar to the Opel Kadett test, the test conditions are shown in the following list: Engine: 4-cylinder injection engine, 2.3 l displacement, 100 KW Engine oil: RL 51 or SAE 15W / 40, API-SF / CC Running time: 40 to 150 hours
- Test program per cycle Stage 1: 30 s idling at 800 rpm
- Stage 2 1 min at 3000 rpm 18.4
- Stage 3 1 min at 1300 rpm 4.4 KW
- Stage 4 2 min at 1750 rpm 7.4 KW Oil temperature in the oil pan 90 ⁇ 3 ° C
- Coolant temperature (outlet) 89 ⁇ 3 ° C
- valves are evaluated using the same method as for the Opel Kadett engine. Runtimes longer than 40 hours can also be selected to tighten the test conditions.
- Table 3 shows some results for valve deposits of non-additive fuels in the Daimler-Benz M 102 electric motor. Each test run was carried out over a test period of 40 hours.
- An additive mixture of the following composition was used: 24 parts by weight component F in Table 1 60 parts by weight of alkoxylate B in Table 1 16 parts by weight a high-boiling aromatic solvent (solvent naphtha with a boiling point of approx. 160 ° C, mainly consisting of C9 + aromatics, such as commercial products Solvesso 150 or Shellsol AB)
- a high-boiling aromatic solvent solvent naphtha with a boiling point of approx. 160 ° C, mainly consisting of C9 + aromatics, such as commercial products Solvesso 150 or Shellsol AB
- Valve deposit result 0 mg / valve Carburetor rating: Rating 9.9
- the additive mixture was the same as that given in Example 14, but was tested in a Daimler-Benz M 102 E test engine.
- valve deposits are 0 mg / valve and the carburetor rating is 9.4.
- the engine is operated according to the same test cycle as the Daimler Benz M 102 electric motor.
- the clean-up effect for the intake valves is evaluated after 40, 80, 120 or 200 hours; the evaluation is carried out in the same way as for the Opel Kadett and Daimler-Benz engines.
- valve stickiness is checked visually.
- the cylinder head is stored in an inclined position of approx. 45-60 ° with the intake valves still inside.
- the inlet valves slip through their own weight in a very short time out of the valve guide.
- Adhesive valves as a result of unsuitable fuel additives can be recognized by the fact that the inlet valves do not slide out of the guide due to their own weight or can only be moved out by mechanical assistance.
- Test runs were carried out in the 1.6 t engine, type Opel Ascona, to test the valve stickiness. All tests were carried out over a period of 200 hours. This corresponds to a fuel consumption of approx. 2000 l and an approximate running distance of 4000-5000 km. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Test conditions for testing valve stickiness in practical driving tests Engine: Volkswagen, boxer engine, 1.9 l displacement, 44 KW Driving program: 10 km with max. 50 km / h 10 km with max. 60 km / h 10 min standstill
- the outside temperature during the night of the vehicle was between +3 and -3 ° C.
- the temperatures in the engine compartment were between +3 and + 8 ° C the next morning before the measurement.
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Abstract
Kraftstoffe für Otto- und Dieselmotoren enthaltend geringe Mengen (A) an Alkoxylaten, die durch Umsetzung von Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid oder Butylenoxid mit Mono- oder Polyhydroxyverbindungen erhalten werden und ein Molekulargewicht (Molmassen, Zahlenmittel) von 500 bis 6000 aufweisen und (B) an Imiden oder Amid-Imiden oder von deren Gemischen, aus Nitrilotriessigsäure und/oder aus Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure und Aminen oder Amingemischen mit 7 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, der Formel I <IMAGE> in der X gleiche oder verschiedene Reste -HN-R oder benachbarte Reste X unter Bildung eines Ringes <IMAGE> bedeuten, wobei m = 0 oder 1 ist und R unverzweigte oder verzweigte aliphatische Reste mit 7 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten.Fuels for petrol and diesel engines containing small amounts (A) of alkoxylates, which are obtained by reacting ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide with mono- or polyhydroxy compounds and have a molecular weight (molar masses, number average) of 500 to 6000 and (B) of imides or amide imides or mixtures thereof, of nitrilotriacetic acid and / or of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and amines or amine mixtures having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, of the formula I <IMAGE> in which X is identical or different radicals -HN-R or neighboring radicals X to form a Ring <IMAGE> mean, where m = 0 or 1 and R is unbranched or branched aliphatic radicals having 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Kraftstoffe für Otto- und Dieselmotoren, enthaltend einen Zusatz A) geringer Mengen Alkoxylate, erhalten durch Alkoxilierung von Mono- oder Polyhydroxiverbindungen und B) geringer Mengen von Tri-oder Tetracarbonsäureamiden bzw. -imiden.The invention relates to fuels for gasoline and diesel engines containing an additive A) small amounts of alkoxylates obtained by alkoxylation of mono- or polyhydroxy compounds and B) small amounts of tri- or tetracarboxamides or -imides.
Vergaser- und Einlaßsysteme von Ottomotoren, aber auch Einspritzsysteme für die Kraftstoffdosierung in Otto- und Dieselmotoren werden durch Verunreinigungen belastet, die durch Staubteilchen aus der Luft, unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffreste aus dem Brennraum und die in das Ansaug- bzw. Einlaßsystem zurückgeleiteten Entlüftungsgase aus dem Kurbelwellengehäuse verursacht werden. Durch die Zurückführung dieser sog. "Blow-by-Gase" in den Ansaugteil oder das Luftfilter wird zwar ein Teil der Ölnebel, die in der Kurbelwanne entstehen, über das Einlaßsysdtem wieder in den Motor gebracht und dort größtenteils verbrannt, doch schlagen sich aus den Ölnebeln auch Anteile in den Innenräumen der Vergaser, in den Einlaßkanälen, auf den Einlaßventilen sowie an den Einspritzdüsen nieder. Hochleistungsvergaser sind komplizierte Gebilde mit sehr feinen Kanälen und Bohrungen und genau kalibrierten Düsen zum Versprühen und Dosieren des Kraftstoffs.Carburetor and intake systems of gasoline engines, but also injection systems for fuel metering in gasoline and diesel engines, are contaminated by contaminants caused by dust particles from the air, unburned hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and the ventilation gases from the crankshaft housing that are returned to the intake or intake system will. By returning these so-called "blow-by gases" to the intake part or the air filter, part of the oil mist that is created in the crankcase is brought back into the engine via the intake system and largely burned there, but they are noticeable Oil mist also deposits in the interior of the carburetor, in the intake ducts, on the intake valves and on the injection nozzles. High-performance carburettors are complex structures with very fine channels and bores and precisely calibrated nozzles for spraying and metering the fuel.
Ähnlich kompliziert und gegen Ablagerungen von Schmutzteilchen anfällig sind die Hochleistungseinspritzaggregate für Otto- und Dieselmotoren. Wenn nur geringfügige Schmutz- und Rückstandsablagerungen in diesen feinen Regelorganen, Düsen und Kanälen auftreten, wird deren Funktionsfähigkeit stark beeinflußt und in der Regel verschlechtert. Die Folge davon ist eine falsche Zusammensetzung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches, so daß in höherem Maße unverbrannte oder teilverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffe in den Auspuffgasen auftreten.The high-performance injection units for gasoline and diesel engines are similarly complicated and prone to deposits of dirt particles. If there is only slight dirt and residue deposits in these fine control elements, nozzles and channels, their functionality will be greatly affected and usually deteriorated. The result of this is an incorrect composition of the fuel-air mixture, so that unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons occur to a greater extent in the exhaust gases.
Gleichzeitig wird auch das Verhältnis von Kohlenmonoxid zu Kohlendioxid in den Auspuffgasen ungünstig beeinflußt, d.h. es treten bei verschmutzten Einspritzaggregaten bzw. Einlaßsystemen höhere Anteile an Kohlenmonoxid im Abgas auf.At the same time, the ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the exhaust gases is adversely affected, i.e. higher amounts of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas occur in the case of dirty injection units or intake systems.
Zur Kontrolle dieser in hohem Maße unerwünschten Erscheinungen werden seit Jahren Kraftstoffadditive den Otto- bzw. Dieselkraftstoffen zugesetzt.To control these highly undesirable phenomena, fuel additives have been added to petrol or diesel fuels for years.
Im Zuge von Energieeinsparungsmaßnahmen und aus Umweltgründen kam es in den letzten Jahren ferner zu konstruktiven Änderungen in der Gemischaufbereitung moderner Hochleistungsmotoren. Diese Maßnahmen hatten zum Ziel, den Anteil an Kohlenmonoxid und verbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie von Stickoxiden im Abgas zu minimieren. Dies wurde im wesentlichen durch eine Änderung des Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches erreicht. Während Ottomotoren früher im wesentlichen mit dem theoretischen Luftbedarf oder auch geringfügig darunter, d.h. mit λ = 0,9 - 1,0 betrieben wurden, hat sich dies in den letzten Jahren geändert. Die Kennzahl λ für das Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisch liegt heute bei λ = 1,1 - 1,3, d.h. die Ottomotoren werden hinsichtlich des Kraftstoffangebotes magerer betrieben. Man spricht vom sog. "Magerkonzept".In the course of energy saving measures and for environmental reasons, there have also been constructive changes in the mixture preparation of modern high-performance engines in recent years. These measures aimed to reduce the proportion of carbon monoxide and burned hydrocarbons as well as of To minimize nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. This was essentially achieved by changing the air-fuel mixture. While petrol engines used to be operated essentially with or slightly below the theoretical air requirement, ie with λ = 0.9 - 1.0, this has changed in recent years. The key figure λ for the air-fuel mixture today is λ = 1.1 - 1.3, ie the gasoline engines are operated leaner in terms of fuel supply. One speaks of the so-called "lean concept".
Diese Maßnahmen führten zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung des Anteils an Kohlenmonoxid bzw. teilverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgas, jedoch aus thermodynamischen Gründen leider nicht zu einer Reduzierung, sondern eher zu einer Erhöhung des Anteils der Stickoxide (NOx) im Abgas.These measures led to a significant reduction in the proportion of carbon monoxide or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas, but unfortunately for thermodynamic reasons not to a reduction, but rather to an increase in the proportion of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the exhaust gas.
Eine Reduzierung des NOx-Gehaltes bzw. die noch weitere Absenkung von Kohlenmonoxid und teilverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffen im Abgas ist jedoch durch den Einbau von Abgaskatalysatoren möglich. Als Folge dieser Maßnahmen treten - bedingt durch den höheren Luftüberschuß bei der Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs - in den letzten Jahren zum Teil sogar deutlich höhere Temperaturen an den Einlaßventilen der Motoren auf. Dies machte die Entwicklung von in ihrer thermisch-oxidativen Stabilität deutlich verbesserten Kraftstoffadditiven erforderlich.A reduction in the NO x content or a further reduction in carbon monoxide and partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas is possible by installing exhaust gas catalysts. As a result of these measures - due to the higher excess of air when the fuel is burned - in some cases significantly higher temperatures have occurred at the intake valves of the engines. This made it necessary to develop fuel additives with significantly improved thermal-oxidative stability.
Neben den geänderten Konzepten zur Gemischaufbereitung hat sich in den letzten Jahren auch ein deutlicher Trend zu einer Verlängerung der Ölwechselintervalle vollzogen. Die Folge davon war nicht nur eine erhöhte, sondern auch eine zeitlich länger andauernde Anforderung an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Motorenöle. Diese Veränderungen bei Motorenölen haben auch die Anforderungen an Kraftstoffadditive mitbeeinflußt. Durch den konstruktionsbedingt in den Motorenölen stets mehr oder weniger vorhandenen Gehalt an Kraftstoff (sog. Kraftstoffverdünnung) gelangen auch entsprechende Anteile an Kraftstoffadditiven in das Öl. Die Kraftstoffverdünnung liegt je nach Fahrweise und Zustand des Motors in Größenordnungen von 0,5 bis ca. 3%. Nachdem Motorenöle wesentlich länger und vor allem heißer gefahren werden, spielt deshalb auch die Frage der Ölverträglichkeit von Kraftstoffadditiven eine wichtige Rolle.In addition to the changed concepts for mixture preparation, there has also been a clear trend towards extending the oil change intervals in recent years. The result of this was not only an increased, but also a longer-lasting requirement for the performance of the engine oils. These changes in engine oils have also affected the requirements for fuel additives. As a result of the design, the fuel oil content (so-called fuel dilution) is always more or less present in the engine oils, and the corresponding amounts of fuel additives also get into the oil. Depending on the driving style and condition of the engine, the fuel dilution is in the order of 0.5 to approx. 3%. After engine oils have been driven much longer and, above all, hotter, the question of the oil compatibility of fuel additives also plays an important role.
Es war daher Ziel der Erfindung, thermisch und oxidativ stabilere Kraftstoffadditive zur Verfügung zu stellen, die den Vergaser, die Ventile und das Einlaßsystem bzw. die Einspritzdüsen reinhalten und ferner keine unerwünschten Nebenreaktionen im Motor bzw. im Motorenöl zeigen.It was therefore the object of the invention to provide thermally and oxidatively more stable fuel additives which keep the carburetor, the valves and the intake system or the injection nozzles clean and also show no undesirable side reactions in the engine or in the engine oil.
Eine wichtige Eigenschaft von Kraftstoffadditiven ist neben der Reinhaltung der Einlaßventile auch die Erhaltung ihrer grundsätzlichen tech nisch-mechanischen Funktionsfähigkeit. Vergaser- und Ventilreiniger allein auf Basis von Kondensationsprodukten aus Aminen bzw. Polyaminen mit Mono- bzw. Polycarbonsäuren verfügen zwar über eine ausgezeichnete Reinhaltewirkung, lagern sich jedoch - je nach Molekularstruktur -aufgrund ihres hohen Siedepunktes im Laufe der Zeit in Form einer dünnen Schicht auf dem Ventilteller und dem Ventilschaft (Ventilführung) der Einlaßventile ab. Unter bestimmten Fahrbedingungen und vor allem bei niedrigen Außentemperaturen kann die klebrige Schicht so viskos werden, daß die Funktionsfähigkeit der Ventile beeinträchtigt wird. Es kann dann zu Kompressionsverlusten auf einzelnen Zylindern und in ungünstigen Fällen zum Ausfall des Motors durch Ventilstecken kommen.An important property of fuel additives is, in addition to keeping the inlet valves clean, the maintenance of their basic tech niche-mechanical functionality. Carburetor and valve cleaners based solely on condensation products made from amines or polyamines with mono- or polycarboxylic acids have an excellent clean-keeping effect, but - depending on their molecular structure - they accumulate over time in the form of a thin layer on top of them due to their high boiling point Valve plate and the valve stem (valve guide) of the inlet valves. Under certain driving conditions and especially at low outside temperatures, the sticky layer can become so viscous that the functionality of the valves is impaired. This can lead to loss of compression on individual cylinders and, in unfavorable cases, to engine failure due to valve insertion.
Deshalb haben solche Kraftstoffadditive Vorteile, die zwar als Folge ihres Reinigungseffektes - durchaus erwünscht - dünne Schutzfilme in den Einlaßsystemen (Ventilteller und Ventilschaft) bilden, jedoch darf die Viskosität dieser Schutzfilme bei niedrigen Temperaturen nicht zu hoch bzw. ihrer Konsistenz nicht zu klebrig sein, daß es zu Ausfallerscheinungen kommt, d.h. daß die Einlaßventile durch zu hohe Klebrigkeit des Ventilschaftes stecken bleiben.Therefore, such fuel additives have advantages that, as a result of their cleaning effect - which is desirable - form thin protective films in the intake systems (valve plate and valve stem), but the viscosity of these protective films at low temperatures must not be too high or their consistency must not be too sticky there are failures, ie that the inlet valves get stuck due to excessive stickiness of the valve stem.
Es war daher ein weiteres Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, solche Kraftstoffadditive bzw. Additivkombinationen für Otto- und Dieselkraftstoffe zu finden, die sowohl Vergaser, als auch Einlaßventile, Einspritzdüsen und das gesamte Einspritzsystem reinhalten bzw, reinigen, aber ansonsten keine negativen Nebenwirkungen im oben geschilderten Sinn aufweisen.It was therefore a further object of the present invention to find such fuel additives or additive combinations for petrol and diesel fuels which keep or clean the carburetor as well as the intake valves, injection nozzles and the entire injection system, but otherwise no negative side effects in the sense described above exhibit.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch Kraftstoffe für Otto- und Dieselmotoren gelöst, die geringe Mengen enthalten
- (A) an Alkoxylaten, die durch Umsetzung von Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid oder Butylenoxid mit Mono- oder Polyhydroxyverbindungen erhalten werden und ein Molekulargewicht (Molmassen, Zahlenmittel) von 500 bis 6000 aufweisen und
- (B) an Imiden oder Amid-Imiden oder von deren Gemischen, aus Nitrilotriessigsäure und/oder aus Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure und Aminen oder Amingemischen mit 7 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, der Formel I
m = 0 oder 1 ist und R unverzweigte oder verzweigte aliphatische Reste mit 7 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten.
- (A) on alkoxylates which are obtained by reacting ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide with mono- or polyhydroxy compounds and have a molecular weight (molar masses, number average) from 500 to 6000 and
- (B) on imides or amide-imides or mixtures thereof, from nitrilotriacetic acid and / or from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and amines or amine mixtures having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, of the formula I.
m is 0 or 1 and R is unbranched or branched aliphatic radicals having 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
Die Zusatzmenge der erfindungsgemäßen Zusätze (A) und (B) zu Otto- und Dieselkraftstoffen liegt zwischen 0,01 und 0,3 Gew.%, bevorzugt zwischen 0,005 und 0,15 Gew.%.The amount of additives (A) and (B) according to the invention added to petrol and diesel fuels is between 0.01 and 0.3% by weight, preferably between 0.005 and 0.15% by weight.
Das Gewichtsverhältnis der Komponenten (A) und (B) beträgt in der Regel zwischen 5:1 bis 1:3.The weight ratio of components (A) and (B) is usually between 5: 1 to 1: 3.
Als Alkoxylate verwendet man bevorzugt Butoxilate von Mono- oder Polyhydroxiverbindungen bzw. gemischte Alkoxilate unter Verwendung von Propylen/Butylen-Mischoxiden. Der Anteil an Butylenoxid bzw. längerkettigem Alkylenoxid in dem gemischten Alkoxilat ist verantwortlich für die Öllöslichkeit bzw. Ölverträglichkeit des Alkoxids. Das Propylenoxid/Butylenoxid-Verhältnis kann zwischen 5:95 und 95:5 Gew.-Teilen liegen. Vorteilhafte Gemische enthalten Propylenoxid/Butylenoxid im Verhältnis 60:40 bis 30:70. Prinzipiell sind alle Butylenoxide, d.h. Buten-1, Buten-2 bzw. Isobutenoxid bzw. beliebige Gemische dieser Oxide untereinander bzw. mit Propylenoxid zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Alkoxilate geeignet. Ebenso werden wirksame Alkoxilate aus Gemischen von Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid und höheren offenkettigen und cyclischen Alkenoxiden bzw. aus den höheren offenkettigen und cyclischen Alkenoxiden allein erhalten.Alkoxylates used are preferably butoxylates of mono- or polyhydroxy compounds or mixed alkoxylates using propylene / butylene mixed oxides. The proportion of butylene oxide or longer-chain alkylene oxide in the mixed alkoxylate is responsible for the oil solubility or oil compatibility of the alkoxide. The propylene oxide / butylene oxide ratio can be between 5:95 and 95: 5 parts by weight. Advantageous mixtures contain propylene oxide / butylene oxide in a ratio of 60:40 to 30:70. In principle, all butylene oxides, i.e. Butene-1, butene-2 or isobutene oxide or any mixtures of these oxides with one another or with propylene oxide are suitable for the preparation of the alkoxylates according to the invention. Effective alkoxylates are likewise obtained from mixtures of propylene oxide, butylene oxide and higher open-chain and cyclic alkene oxides or from the higher open-chain and cyclic alkene oxides alone.
Als Beispiele seien genannt: Penten-1-oxid, Decen-1-oxid, Cyclopentenoxid, Cyclohexenoxid und Cyclooctenoxid sowie Vinyl-cyclohexenoxide.Examples include: pentene-1-oxide, decene-1-oxide, cyclopentene oxide, cyclohexene oxide and cyclooctene oxide and vinyl-cyclohexene oxides.
Als Mono- oder Polyhydroxiverbindungen kommen Alkohole der allgemeinen Formel
R(OH)n,
in der n die Zahlen 1 bis 4 und R ein C₁-C₂₀-geradkettig oder vorzugsweise verzweigtes Alkan bedeutet, in Betracht.Alcohols of the general formula come as mono- or polyhydroxy compounds
R (OH) n ,
in which n is the numbers 1 to 4 and R is a C₁-C₂₀ straight-chain or preferably branched alkane, into consideration.
Typische Beispiele sind Butanol, Isobutanol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Isononanol, Isodekanol, Isotridekanol, Ethylenglykol, 1,2-Propylenglykol, 1,3-Propandiol, 1,2-Butylenglykol, Butandiol-1,4, Pentandiol-1,5, Neopentylglykol, Hexandiol-1,6, Trimethylolpropan, 1,2,4-Butandiol und Pentaerythrit.Typical examples are butanol, isobutanol, 2-ethylhexanol, isononanol, isodekanol, isotridekanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol , 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanediol and pentaerythritol.
Die Herstellung der Alkoxilate erfolgt nach den Methoden des Standes der Technik, d.h. als Startmolekül wird eine Mono-oder Polyhydroxiverbindung zusammen mit dem Katalysator (z.B. Natriumhydroxid, Kaliumhydroxid oder Alkalialkoholate) in einem Reaktor vorgelegt und mit Alkylenoxiden bzw. Alkylenoxidgemischen begast bzw. mit flüssigen Alkylenoxiden unter Rühren bei Temperaturen von 120 bis 150°C umgesetzt. Nach Beendigung der Umsetzung wird das ggf. nicht umgesetzte gasförmige Alkylenoxid unter Vakuum abgezogen und das rohe Alkoxilat ggf. mit Wasser weitgehend alkalifrei gewaschen. Zur vollständigen Entfernung des alkalischen Katalysators kann z.B. bei Verwendung von Kaliumhydroxid das Alkoxilat mit ausreichender Menge einer wäßrigen Lösung von Natriumpyrophosphat (Na₂H₂P₄O₇) gewaschen werden. Dabei fällt als unlösliches Doppelsalz Natrium-Kalium-Pyrophosphat aus und kann abfiltriert werden.The alkoxylates are prepared by the methods of the prior art, i.e. As a starting molecule, a mono- or polyhydroxy compound is placed in a reactor together with the catalyst (e.g. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or alkali alcoholates) and gassed with alkylene oxides or alkylene oxide mixtures or reacted with liquid alkylene oxides with stirring at temperatures from 120 to 150 ° C. After the reaction has ended, any gaseous alkylene oxide which has not reacted is drawn off under vacuum and the crude alkoxylate is optionally washed with water largely free of alkali. For complete removal of the alkaline catalyst e.g. when using potassium hydroxide, the alkoxylate can be washed with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution of sodium pyrophosphate (Na₂H₂P₄O₇). Sodium potassium pyrophosphate precipitates as an insoluble double salt and can be filtered off.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen zu verwendenden Alkoxilaten ist es nicht erforderlich, im Falle von Mischalkoxilaten auch von Gemischen der betreffenden Alkylenoxide auszugehen. Man kann ebenso zwei oder mehrere Alkylenoxide nacheinander mit der Mono- oder Polyhydroxiverbindung als Startmolekül umsetzen. Auch Alkoxilate, die durch Umsetzung von Mono- oder Polyhydroxiverbindungen zunächst nur mit einer geringen Menge Ethylenoxid (z.B. 1-5 Mol Ethylenoxid je Hydroxylgruppe der Mono- oder Polyhydroxiverbindung) erhalten werden, lassen sich durch nachfolgende Umsetzung mit einer entsprechend großen Menge höherer Alkylenoxide noch zu erfindungsgemäßen zu verwendenden Alkoxilaten umsetzen.In the case of the alkoxylates to be used according to the invention, it is not necessary to start from mixtures of the alkylene oxides in question in the case of mixed alkoxylates. It is also possible to react two or more alkylene oxides in succession with the mono- or polyhydroxy compound as the starting molecule. Alkoxylates, which are initially obtained by reacting mono- or polyhydroxy compounds only with a small amount of ethylene oxide (e.g. 1-5 mol ethylene oxide per hydroxyl group of the mono- or polyhydroxy compound), can also be obtained by subsequent reaction with a correspondingly large amount of higher alkylene oxides implement alkoxylates to be used according to the invention.
Als Komponenten (B) kommen beispielsweise Umsetzungsprodukte aus stickstoffhaltigen Polycarbonsäuren mit Mono-, Oligo- oder Polyaminen bzw. technischen Amingemischen, wie sie z.B. als Mischkomponenten in der EP-A- 6527 beschrieben sind, in Betracht.Possible components (B) are, for example, reaction products of nitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acids with mono-, oligo- or polyamines or technical amine mixtures, such as are described, for example, as mixed components in EP-A-6527.
Die Verbindungen gemäß (B) der Formel I werden nach an sich bekannten Methoden, z.B. durch Umsetzung von Nitrilotriessigsäure bzw. Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure mit den Aminen oder Amingemischen
R-NH₂
bei Temperaturen von 150 bis 220°C in der Regel 160 bis 200°C erhalten. Dabei werden die Amine je nach dem gewünschten Produkt im molaren Verhältnis 2:1 (cyclisches Diimid) oder in einer Menge von 3 Mol Amin oder Amingemisch je Mol Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure (Amin-Imid) bzw. 2 Mol je Mol Nitriloessigsäure (Amid-Imid) oder in geringem Maße darüber hinaus gehenden Mengen angewandt. Man erhält so in jedem Fall in überwiegendem Anteil Amidimide bzw. Imide neben untergeordneten Mengen Amiden, d.h. Substitution sämtlicher Carbonylgruppen durch je einen Amidrest.The compounds according to (B) of the formula I are prepared by methods known per se, for example by reacting nitrilotriacetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with the amines or amine mixtures
R-NH₂
obtained at temperatures of 150 to 220 ° C usually 160 to 200 ° C. Depending on the desired product, the amines are used in a molar ratio of 2: 1 (cyclic diimide) or in an amount of 3 moles of amine or amine mixture per mole of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (amine imide) or 2 moles per mole of nitriloacetic acid (amide imide) or To a small extent, additional amounts applied. In most cases, amidimides or imides are obtained in this way in addition to minor amounts of amides, ie substitution of all carbonyl groups by one amide residue.
Im einzelnen geht man so vor, daß man das Amin oder Amingemisch unter Stickstoffatmosphäre in einem Rührgefäß vorlegt und die Nitriloessigsäure bzw. die Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure bei ungefähr 80°C einträgt und die Mischung unter Rühren 4 bis 10 Stunden auf 160 bis 200°C, bei langsam reagierenden Aminen oder Amingemischen auch auf höhere Temperatur erhitzt, bis die Säurezahl kleiner 10 ist.In particular, the procedure is such that the amine or amine mixture is placed in a stirred vessel under a nitrogen atmosphere and the nitriloacetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is introduced at approximately 80 ° C. and the mixture is stirred at 160 to 200 ° C. for 4 to 10 hours, at slowly reacting amines or amine mixtures also heated to a higher temperature until the acid number is less than 10.
Als Amine der Formel
R-NH₂
kommen solche mit 7 bis 18, vorzugsweise 8 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen in Betracht. Diese Amine können noch weitere Aminogruppen, z.B. nicht primäre Aminogruppen oder Alkoxygruppen aufweisen. Gleichermaßen können Sauerstoffatome in der Kette vorhanden sein.As amines of the formula
R-NH₂
those with 7 to 18, preferably 8 to 14 carbon atoms are suitable. These amines can also have further amino groups, for example non-primary amino groups or alkoxy groups. Likewise, oxygen atoms can be present in the chain.
Im einzelnen kommen z.B. die folgenden Amine in Betracht, wobei die Alkylreste durch Stickstoff oder Sauerstoffatome unterbrochen sein können: 2-Äthylhexylamin, n-Dodecylamin, n-Tridecylamin, n-Pentadecylamin, Stearylamin, 2-Amino-5-dimethylaminopentan und 1-(2-Äthylhexoxy)-propylamin-(3).In particular, e.g. the following amines into consideration, where the alkyl radicals can be interrupted by nitrogen or oxygen atoms: 2-ethylhexylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tridecylamine, n-pentadecylamine, stearylamine, 2-amino-5-dimethylaminopentane and 1- (2-ethylhexoxy) -propylamine- (3).
In einigen Fällen hat sich auch der Einsatz von Amingemischen als vorteilhaft erwiesen.In some cases, the use of amine mixtures has also proven to be advantageous.
Je nach Zusammensetzung der Gemische aus den erfindungsgemäßen Alkoxilaten mit den Imiden oder Amid-Imiden der EP-A-6527 ist es möglich, auf die gleichzeitige Verwendung von im Vergleich stabilen und damit für die angestrebte Wirkung weniger geeigneten hochhydrierten Erdöldestillaten (sog. Trägerölen), wie sie ebenfalls in der EP-A-6527 beschrieben sind, ganz oder zumindest teilweise zu verzichten.Depending on the composition of the mixtures of the alkoxylates according to the invention with the imides or amide imides of EP-A-6527, it is possible to use simultaneously highly stable, highly hydrated petroleum distillates (so-called less suitable for the desired effect). Carrier oils), as also described in EP-A-6527, to be dispensed with entirely or at least in part.
Kraftstoffadditive unter Verwendung der Alkoxilate (A) und der Polycarbonsäureimide können zusätzlich noch eine Reihe anderer bekannter Wirkkomponenten enthalten, wie sterisch gehinderte substituierte Phenole als Antioxidantien, Dipropylenglykol bzw. ähnlich aufgebaute Glykole als Antiicing-Additive zum Schutz des Vergasern vor Eisbildung, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Metalldeaktivatoren, Demulgatoren und Antistatika zur Erhöhung der Leitfähigkeit der Kraftstoffe.Fuel additives using the alkoxylates (A) and the polycarboximides can additionally contain a number of other known active components, such as sterically hindered substituted phenols as antioxidants, dipropylene glycol or similarly designed glycols as antiicing additives to protect the carburetor from ice formation, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, Demulsifiers and antistatic agents to increase the conductivity of the fuels.
Die Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen zu verwendenden Kombination wird im Vergleich zu den bisher verwendeten marktüblichen Kraftstoffadditiven durch verschiedene Prüfverfahren im folgenden belegt.
Für die Wirksamkeit von Kraftstoffadditiven entscheidend ist das Verhalten im Fahrbetrieb, d.h. in einem unter praxisähnlichen oder praxisnahen Bedingungen betriebenen Motor auf einem motorischen Prüfstand. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Wirkung der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination in einer Reihe von Prüfmotoren untersucht.The behavior during driving is decisive for the effectiveness of fuel additives, i.e. in a motor operated under practical or practical conditions on a motor test bench. For this purpose, the effect of the combination according to the invention was investigated in a number of test engines.
Prüfung der Reinhaltewirkung im Opel-Kadett-Motor gemäß CEC-Methode F-02-C 79Testing the cleanliness effect in the Opel Kadett engine according to CEC method F-02-C 79
Die ventilreinigende Wirkung von additivierten Kraftstoffen wird in dieser Prüfmethode nach 40 Stunden beurteilt. Die Bedingungen für die Methode sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.
Motor:
4-Zylinder-Motor, 1,2 l Hubraum, 40 KW, Vergaser 2 Solex PDSI
Motoröl:
Referenzöl RL 51
Laufzeit:
40 Stunden
Testprogramm je Zyklus:
Stufe 1: 30 s Leerlauf bei 1000 U/min
Stufe 2: 1 min bei 3000 U/min 11,0 KW
Stufe 3: 1 min bei 1300 U/min 4,0 KW
Stufe 4: 2 min bei 1850 U/min 6,3 KW
Öltemperatur in der Ölwanne 94 ± 2°C
Kühlmitteltemperatur (Ausgang) 92 ± 2°C
Ansauglufttemperatur (Leerlauf) 100°C
Kohlenmonoxidgehalt im Abgas, im Leerlauf 3, 5 ± 0,5 Vol.%
The valve cleaning effect of additive fuels is assessed in this test method after 40 hours. The conditions for the method are summarized in the table below.
Engine:
4-cylinder engine, 1.2 l displacement, 40 KW, carburetor 2 Solex PDSI
Engine oil:
Reference oil RL 51
Running time:
40 hours
Test program per cycle:
Stage 1: 30 s idling at 1000 rpm
Stage 2: 1 min at 3000 rpm 11.0 KW
Stage 3: 1 min at 1300 rpm 4.0 KW
Stage 4: 2 min at 1850 rpm 6.3 KW
Oil temperature in the oil pan 94 ± 2 ° C
Coolant temperature (outlet) 92 ± 2 ° C
Intake air temperature (idle) 100 ° C
Carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas, at idle 3, 5 ± 0.5 vol.%
Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse geschieht wie folgt. Die neuen Einlaßventile werden vor dem Versuch mit Lösemittel gereinigt bzw. entfettet und auf drei Stellen hinter dem Komma genau gewogen. Nach Beendigung des Versuches werden die Ventile ausgebaut. Zunächst erfolgt eine eine Bewertung der Schäfte bzw. der Ventiltulpen durch Prüfen der Klebrigkeit mittels Fingerdruck. Danach werden die Ventile einschließlich der Schäfte je 2 mal für 5 Sekunden in n-Heptan geschwenkt und durch Schwenken an der Luft getrocknet. Danach werden die Ventile nach Einspannen an den Schäften in eine horizontal gelagerte Bohrmaschine mit Hilfe eines Holzspans bzw. Schleifleinens der Körnung 400 bei ca. 100-200 U/min von den an der Unterseite der Tulpe anhaftenden Verbrennungsrückständen mechanisch befreit und anschließend auf drei Stellen hinter dem Komma genau zurückgewogen. Die Ab lagerungen aller 4 Ventile werden gemittelt und das Ergebnis in mg/Ventil angegeben.The results are evaluated as follows. The new inlet valves are cleaned or degreased with solvent before the test and weighed exactly to three decimal places. At the end of the test, the valves are removed. First of all, the stems or the valve tulips are assessed by checking the stickiness with finger pressure. The valves, including the stems, are then swung twice in n-heptane for 5 seconds and dried in air by swirling. The valves are then mechanically freed from the combustion residues adhering to the underside of the tulip after clamping on the shafts in a horizontally mounted drilling machine with the help of a wood chip or sanding cloth with a grain size of 400 and then at three points behind exactly weighed the comma. The Ab Bearings of all 4 valves are averaged and the result is given in mg / valve.
Die Reinhaltewirkung auf den Vergaser erfolgt durch Bewertung der Vergaser gemäß der CRC-Rating-Skala. Die Vergaserverschmutzung bei nicht additivierten Kraftstoffen ergibt in der Regel ein Rating von 6,5 bis 8,5. Bei Anwesenheit wirksamer vergaserreinigender Additive liegt das Rating nach Versuchsende zwischen 8,0 und 10,0. Die Wertung 10,0 entspricht einem vollständigen sauberen Vergaser.The carburettor is kept clean by evaluating the carburettor according to the CRC rating scale. Carburetor contamination with non-additive fuels generally gives a rating of 6.5 to 8.5. If effective carburetor-cleaning additives are present, the rating after the end of the test is between 8.0 and 10.0. The rating 10.0 corresponds to a completely clean carburetor.
Tabelle 2 enthält Versuchsergebnisse mit Kraftstoffen ohne Verwendung von Kraftstoffadditiven (Bsp. 1 bis 3), sowie Ergebnisse von motorischen Prüfläufen unter Verwendung der Komponenten der erfindungsgemäßen zu verwendenden Kombination.
Außer dem Opel-Kadett-Motor wurde für die Prüfung der Reinhaltewirkung im Einlaßsystem auch ein Daimler-Benz M 102 E-Motor verwendet.In addition to the Opel Kadett engine, a Daimler-Benz M 102 electric engine was also used to check the cleanliness in the intake system.
Das Prüfverfahren ist ähnlich wie im Opel-Kadett-Test, die Prüfbedingungen zeigt die nachfolgende Zusammenstellung:
Motor:
4-Zylinder-Einspritzmotor, 2,3 l Hubraum, 100 KW
Motoröl:
RL 51 oder SAE 15W/40, API-SF/CC
Laufzeit:
40 bis 150 Stunden
Testprogramm je Zyklus:
Stufe 1: 30 s Leerlauf bei 800 U/min
Stufe 2: 1 min bei 3000 U/min 18,4 KW
Stufe 3: 1 min bei 1300 U/min 4,4 KW
Stufe 4: 2 min bei 1750 U/min 7,4 KW
Öltemperatur in der Ölwanne 90 ± 3°C
Kühlmitteltemperatur (Ausgang) 89 ± 3°C
Ansauglufttemperatur 30 ± 5°C
The test procedure is similar to the Opel Kadett test, the test conditions are shown in the following list:
Engine:
4-cylinder injection engine, 2.3 l displacement, 100 KW
Engine oil:
RL 51 or SAE 15W / 40, API-SF / CC
Running time:
40 to 150 hours
Test program per cycle:
Stage 1: 30 s idling at 800 rpm
Stage 2: 1 min at 3000 rpm 18.4 KW
Stage 3: 1 min at 1300 rpm 4.4 KW
Stage 4: 2 min at 1750 rpm 7.4 KW
Oil temperature in the oil pan 90 ± 3 ° C
Coolant temperature (outlet) 89 ± 3 ° C
Intake air temperature 30 ± 5 ° C
Die Auswertung der Ventile erfolgt nach der gleichen Methode wie beim Opel-Kadett-Motor. Zur Verschärfung der Prüfbedingungen können auch längere Laufzeiten als 40 Stunden gewählt werden.The valves are evaluated using the same method as for the Opel Kadett engine. Runtimes longer than 40 hours can also be selected to tighten the test conditions.
Die Prüfung von nicht-additiviertem Benzin wurde (als Vergleichsversuch wie auch in Tabelle 2, Bsp. 1, 2, 3) auch im Daimler-Benz M 102 E-Motor durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, daß bei den üblichen Testläufen über 40, 60, 80 oder 150 Stunden mit verschiedenen Exemplaren des serienmäßigen Daimler-Benz M 102 E-Motors schwankende Mengen an Ablagerungen auf den Einlaßventilen gefunden wurden. Möglicherweise sind diese Schwankungen auf die produktionsbedingten Schwankungen innerhalb der Fertigungstoleranzen des Motors zurückzuführen. Auch hängt die Menge an Ventilablagerungen in mg/Ventil (als Mittelwert aus den 4 Einzelwerten eines jeden Prüflaufs) stark vom "Zustand" (d.h. von der gesamten Laufzeit bzw. der Anzahl der vorher schon durchgeführten Tests ab.The test of non-additive gasoline was also carried out (as a comparison test as in Table 2, Ex. 1, 2, 3) in the Daimler-Benz M 102 electric motor. It was found that during the usual test runs over 40, 60, 80 or 150 hours with different specimens of the standard Daimler-Benz M 102 electric motor, fluctuating amounts of deposits were found on the intake valves. These fluctuations may be due to the production-related fluctuations within the manufacturing tolerances of the engine. The amount of valve deposits in mg / valve (as the average of the 4 individual values of each test run) strongly depends on the "condition" (i.e. on the total runtime or the number of tests previously carried out.
Einige Ergebnisse für Ventilablagerungen von nicht-addivierten Kraftstoffen im Daimler-Benz M 102 E-Motor zeigt die Tabelle 3. Jeder Prüflauf wurde über 40 h Prüfzeit durchgeführt.
Es wurden die Einzeladditive A, B und E gemäß Tabelle 2 im M 102 E-Prüfmotor getestet. Die Tabelle 4 enthält die Ergebnisse.
Eine Additivmischung der folgenden Zusammensetzung wurde verwendet:
24 Gew.-Tl. der Komponente F in Tabelle 1
60 Gew.-Tl. des Alkoxilates B in Tabelle 1
16 Gew.-Tl. eines hochsiedenden aromatischen Lösemittels (Solventnaphtha mit Siedebeginn ca. 160°C, vorwiegend bestehend aus C₉ + Aromaten, wie z.B. Handelsprodukte Solvesso 150 oder Shellsol AB)
An additive mixture of the following composition was used:
24 parts by weight component F in Table 1
60 parts by weight of alkoxylate B in Table 1
16 parts by weight a high-boiling aromatic solvent (solvent naphtha with a boiling point of approx. 160 ° C, mainly consisting of C₉ + aromatics, such as commercial products Solvesso 150 or Shellsol AB)
Von dieser Mischung werden 500 g/t einem handelsüblichen verbleiten Superkraftstoff (westdeutsche Raffinerieware gemäß DIN 51 600) zugesetzt und der motorische Prüflauf im Opel-Kadett-Motor nach Vorschrift gefahren.
Ergebnis Ventilablagerung: 0 mg/Ventil
Vergaserbewertung: Rating 9,9
500 g / t of a commercial leaded super fuel (West German refinery goods according to DIN 51 600) are added from this mixture and the engine test run in the Opel Kadett engine is carried out according to the regulations.
Valve deposit result: 0 mg / valve
Carburetor rating: Rating 9.9
Bei Dosierung von nur 350 g/t Additivdosierung wurden Ablagerungen von 23 mg/Ventil und ein Vergaserrating von 9,6 erhalten.Deposits of 23 mg / valve and a carburetor rating of 9.6 were obtained at a dosage of only 350 g / t additive dosage.
Die Additivmischung war die gleiche wie in Beispiel 14 angegeben, jedoch wurde in einem Prüfmotor des Typs Daimler-Benz M 102 E geprüft. Additivdosierung 800 g/t.
Ergebnis nach 40 Stunden Laufzeit
Ventilablagerungen: 0 mg/Ventil
Ergebnis nach 150 Stunden Laufzeit
Ventilablagerungen: 22 mg/VentilThe additive mixture was the same as that given in Example 14, but was tested in a Daimler-Benz M 102 E test engine. Additive dosage 800 g / t.
Result after 40 hours of operation
Valve deposits: 0 mg / valve
Result after 150 hours of operation
Valve deposits: 22 mg / valve
Eine Additivmischung der folgenden Zusammensetzung wurde verwendet:
10 Gew.-Tl. der Komponente F in Tabelle 1
25 Gew.-Tl. des Alkoxilates B in Tabelle 1
65 Gew.-Tl. der Schmierölmischung G in Tabelle 1
An additive mixture of the following composition was used:
10 parts by weight component F in Table 1
25 parts by weight of alkoxylate B in Table 1
65 parts by weight the lubricating oil mixture G in Table 1
Von dieser Mischung wurden 600 g/t wie in Bsp. 14 beschrieben dosiert und geprüft.
Ergebnis Ventilablagerungen 18 mg/Ventil
Vergaserbewertung Rating 9,2
600 g / t of this mixture were dosed and tested as described in Example 14.
Result valve deposits 18 mg / valve
Carburetor rating 9.2
Bei Dosierung von 800 g/t betragen die Ventilablagerungen 0 mg/Ventil und die Vergaserbewertung 9,4.At a dosage of 800 g / t, the valve deposits are 0 mg / valve and the carburetor rating is 9.4.
Eine Additivmischung der folgenden Zusammensetzung wurde verwendet:
25 Gew.-Tl. der Komponente E in Tabelle 1
60 Gew.-Tl. des Alkoxilates B in Tabelle 1
10 Gew.-Tl. Dipropylenglykol
5 Gew.-Tl. Solventnaphtha gemäß Bsp. 17
An additive mixture of the following composition was used:
25 parts by weight component E in Table 1
60 parts by weight of alkoxylate B in Table 1
10 parts by weight Dipropylene glycol
5 parts by weight Solvent naphtha according to Ex. 17
Von dieser Mischung wurden 800 g/t dem Prüfkraftstoff zudosiert und im Daimler-Benz M 102 E-Motor geprüft.Of this mixture, 800 g / t was added to the test fuel and tested in the Daimler-Benz M 102 electric motor.
Ergebnis nach 40 Stunden Laufzeit: Ventilablagerungen 0 mg/Ventil.Result after 40 hours of operation: valve deposits 0 mg / valve.
Bei Verwendung der Additivmischung gemäß Beispiel 17, jedoch unter Verwendung gleicher Mengen der Komponente F statt Komponente E in Tabelle 1 erhielt man folgende Ergebnisse:
Ventilablagerungen weniger als 3 mg/Ventil.
When using the additive mixture according to Example 17, but using equal amounts of component F instead of component E in Table 1, the following results were obtained:
Valve deposits less than 3 mg / valve.
Prüfung der Ventilklebrigkeit im Einlaßventil mit einem 4-Zylinder-Motor, Tpy: Opel-Ascona, Hubraum 1,6 l, 66 KWTesting the valve stickiness in the intake valve with a 4-cylinder engine, type: Opel-Ascona, displacement 1.6 l, 66 KW
Der Motor wird nach dem gleichen Prüfzyklus betrieben wie der Daimler Benz M 102 E-Motor. Die Bewertung der Reinhaltewirkung für die Einlaßventile erfolgt nach 40, 80, 120 oder 200 Stunden, die Auswertung geschieht auf die gleiche Weise wie beim Opel-Kadett- und Daimler-Benz-Motor.The engine is operated according to the same test cycle as the Daimler Benz M 102 electric motor. The clean-up effect for the intake valves is evaluated after 40, 80, 120 or 200 hours; the evaluation is carried out in the same way as for the Opel Kadett and Daimler-Benz engines.
Die Prüfung der Ventilklebrigkeit erfolgt visuell. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Zylinderkopf nach Demontage mit den noch darin befindlichen Einlaßventilen in einer schrägen Position von ca. 45-60° gelagert. Bei nicht additivierten Kraftstoffen, bei denen keinerlei Ventilkleben zu beobachten ist, rutschen die Einlaßventile in kürzester Zeit durch ihr Eigengewicht aus der Ventilführung heraus. Klebende Ventile als Folge ungeeigneter Kraftstoffadditive erkennt man daran, daß die Einlaßventile nicht durch ihr Eigengewicht aus der Führung herausrutschen bzw. nur durch mechanisches Nachhelfen herauszubewegen sind.The valve stickiness is checked visually. For this purpose, the cylinder head is stored in an inclined position of approx. 45-60 ° with the intake valves still inside. With non-additive fuels, where no valve sticking can be observed, the inlet valves slip through their own weight in a very short time out of the valve guide. Adhesive valves as a result of unsuitable fuel additives can be recognized by the fact that the inlet valves do not slide out of the guide due to their own weight or can only be moved out by mechanical assistance.
Für die Bewertung der Ventilgängigkeit werden 4 Stufen unterschieden:
- Stufe 1: Freies Herausgleiten der Ventile innerhalb von 5 bis 10 s.
- Stufe 2: Allmähliches Herausgleiten der Ventile, Dauer mehr als 30 s.
- Stufe 3: Ventile gleiten nicht frei heraus, können jedoch mit der Hand herausgezogen werden.
- Stufe 4: Ventile kleben so fest, daß sie nicht mehr mit der Hand herausgezogen werden können.
- Stage 1: The valves slide out freely within 5 to 10 s.
- Level 2: Gradual sliding out of the valves, duration more than 30 s.
- Level 3: Valves do not slide out freely, but can be pulled out by hand.
- Level 4: Valves stick so firmly that they can no longer be pulled out by hand.
Es wurden im 1,6 t-Motor, Typ Opel Ascona Testläufe zur Prüfung der Ventilklebrigkeit durchgeführt. Alle Versuche wurden über eine Dauer von 200 Stunden gefahren. Dies entspricht einem Kraftstoffverbrauch von ca. 2000 l und einer ungefähren Laufstrecke von 4000-5000 km. Die Ergebnisse zeigt die Tabelle 4.
Testbedingungen zur Prüfung der Ventilklebrigkeit im praktischen Fahrversuch
Motor:
Volkswagen, Boxer-Motor, 1,9 l Hubraum, 44 KW
Fahrprogramm:
10 km mit max. 50 km/h
10 km mit max. 60 km/h
10 min Stillstand
Test conditions for testing valve stickiness in practical driving tests
Engine:
Volkswagen, boxer engine, 1.9 l displacement, 44 KW
Driving program:
10 km with max. 50 km / h
10 km with max. 60 km / h
10 min standstill
Nach diesem Wechselprogramm werden insgesamt 130 km pro Tag gefahren. Das Fahrzeug wird über Nacht im Freien abgestellt. Am nächsten Morgen werden folgende Aufgaben durchgeführt und das Verhalten des Fahrzeugs beschrieben:
- Kompression prüfen
- Visuelle Bewertung der Einlaßventile bzw. der Ventilschäfte mittels Endoskop durch die Kerzenöffnungen
- Startversuch (e)According to this exchange program, a total of 130 km are driven per day. The vehicle is parked outdoors overnight. The next morning the following tasks are carried out and the behavior of the vehicle is described:
- Check compression
- Visual evaluation of the inlet valves or the valve stems using an endoscope through the candle openings
- start attempt (s)
Gemäß dem vorstehenden Prüfraum wurden die in der nachfolgenden Tabelle zusammengestellten Versuche durchgeführt. Alle Versuche wurden mit demselben handelsüblichen Superkraftstoff, verbleit aus einer westdeutschen Raffinerie gefahren.The tests listed in the table below were carried out in accordance with the above test room. All tests were carried out using the same commercially available super fuel, leaded from a West German refinery.
Bei allen Versuchen lag die Außentemperatur während des Stillstands des Fahrzeugs in der Nacht zwischen +3 und -3°C. Die Temperaturen im Motorraum lagen vor der Messung am nächsten Morgen zwischen +3 und +8°C.
Claims (6)
m = 0 oder 1 ist und R unverzweigte oder verzweigte aliphatische Reste mit 7 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten.
m is 0 or 1 and R is unbranched or branched aliphatic radicals having 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
R(OH)n verwendet,
in der n die Zahlen 1 bis 4 and R ein C₁-C₂₀-geradkettig oder verzweigtes Alkan bedeutet.2. Fuels according to Claim 1, characterized in that alkoxylates of mono- or polyhydroxy compound of the formula are used as component (A)
R (OH) n used
in which n is the numbers 1 to 4 and R is a C₁-C₂₀ straight-chain or branched alkane.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3708338 | 1987-03-14 | ||
DE19873708338 DE3708338A1 (en) | 1987-03-14 | 1987-03-14 | FUELS CONTAINING LOW QUANTITIES OF ALKOXYLATES AND POLYCARBONIC ACID IMIDES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0282845A1 true EP0282845A1 (en) | 1988-09-21 |
EP0282845B1 EP0282845B1 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
Family
ID=6323088
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP88103420A Expired - Lifetime EP0282845B1 (en) | 1987-03-14 | 1988-03-05 | Fuels containing small amounts of alkoxylate and polycarboxylic acid imide |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4844714A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0282845B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3708338A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK132288A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0374461A1 (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-06-27 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Fuels for combustion machines |
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US7204863B2 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2007-04-17 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Gasoline additives for reducing the amount of internal combustion engine intake valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits |
US7226489B2 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2007-06-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Gasoline additives for reducing the amount of internal combustion engine intake valve deposits and combustion chamber deposits |
EP2227522A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2010-09-15 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Gasoline compositions |
US10457884B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2019-10-29 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Mixed detergent composition for intake valve deposit control |
US10273425B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-04-30 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Polyol carrier fluids and fuel compositions including polyol carrier fluids |
US11873461B1 (en) | 2022-09-22 | 2024-01-16 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Extreme pressure additives with improved copper corrosion |
US12024686B2 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2024-07-02 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Gasoline additive composition for improved engine performance |
US11884890B1 (en) | 2023-02-07 | 2024-01-30 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Gasoline additive composition for improved engine performance |
US11795412B1 (en) | 2023-03-03 | 2023-10-24 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricating composition for industrial gear fluids |
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EP0006527A1 (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-01-09 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Fuels for Otto-cycle engines containing mixtures of additives |
EP0110003A2 (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-06-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Anti-misting additive for hydrocarbon fluids |
GB2143846A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-02-20 | Shell Int Research | A diesel fuel based on methanol and/or ethanol |
EP0144922A2 (en) * | 1983-12-03 | 1985-06-19 | Mineralölwerke Wenzel und Weidmann Zweigniederlassung der Fuchs Mineralölwerke GmbH, Mannheim | Lubricant |
US4548616A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1985-10-22 | Texaco Inc. | Gasoline containing as additive poly(oxyethylene) poly(oxypropylene) poly(oxyethylene) polyol to reduce octane requirement increase |
EP0061895B1 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1986-03-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Flow improver additive for distillate fuels, and concentrate thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4659338A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1987-04-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Fuel compositions for lessening valve seat recession |
-
1987
- 1987-03-14 DE DE19873708338 patent/DE3708338A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-03-04 US US07/164,492 patent/US4844714A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-05 DE DE8888103420T patent/DE3871828D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-05 EP EP88103420A patent/EP0282845B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-11 DK DK132288A patent/DK132288A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US2763537A (en) * | 1949-05-24 | 1956-09-18 | California Research Corp | Diesel fuel oil |
US2841479A (en) * | 1954-05-28 | 1958-07-01 | Dow Chemical Co | Glycerol triether lubricant compositions |
US2938777A (en) * | 1956-04-19 | 1960-05-31 | Tidewater Oil Company | Gasoline fuel composition |
US3030939A (en) * | 1958-07-10 | 1962-04-24 | Standard Oil Co | Method of operating spark-ignition combustion engine |
US3838992A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1974-10-01 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Synergistic anti-icing composition |
US3901665A (en) * | 1972-10-06 | 1975-08-26 | Du Pont | Multi-functional fuel additive compositions |
EP0006527A1 (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-01-09 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Fuels for Otto-cycle engines containing mixtures of additives |
EP0061895B1 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1986-03-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Flow improver additive for distillate fuels, and concentrate thereof |
EP0110003A2 (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-06-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Anti-misting additive for hydrocarbon fluids |
GB2143846A (en) * | 1983-07-25 | 1985-02-20 | Shell Int Research | A diesel fuel based on methanol and/or ethanol |
EP0144922A2 (en) * | 1983-12-03 | 1985-06-19 | Mineralölwerke Wenzel und Weidmann Zweigniederlassung der Fuchs Mineralölwerke GmbH, Mannheim | Lubricant |
US4548616A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1985-10-22 | Texaco Inc. | Gasoline containing as additive poly(oxyethylene) poly(oxypropylene) poly(oxyethylene) polyol to reduce octane requirement increase |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0374461A1 (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-06-27 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Fuels for combustion machines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0282845B1 (en) | 1992-06-10 |
DK132288A (en) | 1988-09-15 |
DK132288D0 (en) | 1988-03-11 |
DE3708338A1 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
DE3871828D1 (en) | 1992-07-16 |
US4844714A (en) | 1989-07-04 |
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