EP0281737B1 - Device for placing loads in cavities - Google Patents

Device for placing loads in cavities Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281737B1
EP0281737B1 EP19880100860 EP88100860A EP0281737B1 EP 0281737 B1 EP0281737 B1 EP 0281737B1 EP 19880100860 EP19880100860 EP 19880100860 EP 88100860 A EP88100860 A EP 88100860A EP 0281737 B1 EP0281737 B1 EP 0281737B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arms
pressurising
pressure
thrust
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19880100860
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0281737A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Küster
Dirk Heidekorn
Richard Peters
Peter Dr. Niephaus
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Deutsche Gesellschaft Zum Bau und Betrieb Von Endlagern fur Abfallstoffe Mbh (dbe)
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Deutsche Gesellschaft Zum Bau und Betrieb Von Endlagern fur Abfallstoffe Mbh (dbe)
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Publication of EP0281737A1 publication Critical patent/EP0281737A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
    • B66C1/44—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces
    • B66C1/54—Internally-expanding grippers for handling hollow articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/01—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for anchoring the tools or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for receiving loads in cavities according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for anchoring a probe in a borehole contains the weight, the anchoring device, centering elements and the probe.
  • the anchoring device has a spreading device which is extended by hydraulic actuation of a piston / cylinder arrangement.
  • the disadvantage is that external energy must be used to spread the spreading device. With the known device, it is not possible to stack loads in to make different stack sections.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, with the aid of which waste containers can also be stored in very deep boreholes with a large total stack height, without the use of external energy being necessary.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, with the aid of which waste containers can also be stored in very deep boreholes with a large total stack height.
  • the device according to the invention represents an expandable support device which is, so to speak, supported or clamped against the wall of the bore and takes up the weight of a stack section.
  • the device according to the invention acts completely independently; the support on the bore wall takes place without the use of external energy and acts proportionally to the load of the storage container to be supported or taken up.
  • the device according to the invention converts the vertical force from the load on the storage container into horizontal normal forces directed onto the bore wall, which ensure the fixation of the device in the bore by the static friction occurring between the device and the bore wall.
  • the stack area into individual stack sections which do not burden the stack sections arranged below them.
  • the own weight and pressure ratios are decisive, so that very deep, for example several hundred meters deep boreholes can be provided as storage space for the storage containers without endangering the stability of the lowest storage containers.
  • the device according to the invention has a special swivel arm construction which ensures that there is no load on the storage containers below the device.
  • the spreading of the pressure arms with the pressure plates articulated thereon is carried out by the weight of the device; as soon as, for example, the expansion plate sits on an already inserted stack section or touches any surface, the automatic extension of the side pressure plates and thus the establishment of the non-positive and / or positive connection is triggered (cf. claim 2).
  • the automatically extending pressure plate also causes the device to be centered horizontally.
  • the expansion plate is lifted from its base, for example an already inserted stack section. In this way it is ensured that the lower stack sections are not loaded by the upper stack sections.
  • the constructive design of the pressure plates ensures a positive and / or positive connection even at high storage temperatures.
  • the drawing shows a device for receiving a stack of storage containers 4 with a load-bearing plate 6, under which a spreading device 8 is arranged for contacting a wall 10 of a borehole 11.
  • the spreading device 8 has a plurality of pressure arms 12 which are pivotally mounted in a pendulum-like manner in bearings 14 attached under the load-bearing plate 6.
  • the bearings 14 are located near the center of the load-bearing plate 6.
  • a pressure plate 18 is pivotally arranged in a bearing 20.
  • each pressure arm 12 is a thrust arm 22, one end 24 of which is rotatable in a bearing 26 with the pressure arm 12 and the other end 28 of which is rotatably mounted in a bearing 30 on a central expansion plate 32 common to all thrust arms 22.
  • the pivot bearing 26 is located between the end 16 of the pressure arm 12 and the center thereof, so that the point of application of the thrust arm 22 lies closer to the free end 16 of the pressure arm 12 outside the center point; this creates a favorable leverage effect.
  • the pivot bearing 26 is outside, namely below the pressure axis 34 of the pressure arm.
  • the bearings 20 of the pressure plates 18 are located in the upper part, so that the pressure plates always hang approximately vertically.
  • the pressure plates 18 have a profiled surface 36 on their pressure side, the profile design and the size of the surface being so selectable that, depending on the material, shape and roughness of the surface used for the support - even at higher storage temperatures - an optimal coefficient of friction ⁇ and / or penetration into the wall can be achieved.
  • the device 2 functions as follows, reference being made in particular to FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the device 2 is inserted into the borehole 11 hanging, for example, on a load hook (not shown), see FIG. Fig. 3, and lowered to rest on, for example, an already introduced load stack 38, ie until the expansion plate 32 touches the load stack 38.
  • the weight of the device parts further lowers the load-bearing plate.
  • the push arms 22 pivot the pressure arms 12 upwards, as a result of which the pressure plates 18 are spread or pressed outward until they bear against the wall 10 of the borehole 11, see FIG. 4. If the load-bearing plate 6 is now loaded by placing, for example, storage containers 4, the corresponding loading Load forces derived via the pressure arms 12 on the pressure plates 18.
  • the loading forces are broken down into a horizontal force component and a vertical force component at the point of contact between the pressure plate 18 and the wall 10 of the borehole 11.
  • the vertical force component is compensated by the static friction force (normal force ⁇ coefficient of friction ⁇ ), so that the device fixes itself in the borehole.
  • the position of the articulation (pivot bearing 26) of the thrust arms 22 on the pressure arms 12 is selected such that after falling below a predeterminable angle of inclination of the pressure arms to the horizontal or after exceeding a predefinable spread, the pivot bearings 26 pivot outwards, as a result of which the distances between the pivot bearings differ from one another enlarge and the expansion plate 32 is raised. This prevents the lower load stack from being loaded by the load stack above it
  • this mode of operation can be achieved in any case if, when the pressure plates 18 are applied, the pivot points 20, 26 and 30 lie on a straight line, because both the bore wall and the arm construction of the device 2 have a certain flexibility and then any further downward movement of the load-bearing plate and a corresponding increase in the spreading of the pressure plates 18 by increasing the load allows the pivot points 26 of the push arms 22 to move outward, as a result of which the spreading plate 32 is raised.
  • a balance is established between the horizontal compressive force and the compressive strength of the borehole wall.
  • FIG. 5 shows a final state after full load, in which the pressure arms 12 and push arms 22 each lie in planes lying parallel to one another.
  • the spreading device 8 is spread to the maximum, the pressure arms 12 - more precisely the pressure axes 34 - lie horizontally in one plane, and they are the maximum Distances between the pressure plates 18 reached.
  • the pressure arms 12 and thrust arms 22 can, however, also have an inclination to the horizontal in the final state, ie the final state can be characterized by a state lying between the states shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, depending on the dimensioning of the spreading device 8 and the properties of the Hole wall 10.
  • the number of pressure arms can be selected according to the cross-sectional shape of the cavities.
  • three pressure arms are preferably provided at 120 ° angular intervals, as shown in the drawing in FIG. 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Lasten in Hohlräumen gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for receiving loads in cavities according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Lagerung von Sonderabfällen ist es u.a. bekannt, diese in Lagerbehälter zu füllen und die Behälter dann zu lagern. Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, die Lagerung der Behälter in einem Bergwerk vorzunehmen, in dem senkrechte Bohrlöcher ausgebildet werden, in denen die Behälter übereinander gestapelt werden (IAEA, Vienna (1986), 543-552). Die Stapelhöhe hängt ab von der Druckbelastbarkeit der jeweils untersten Behälter, so daß die Stapelhöhe der Behälter unde damit die nutzbare Bohrlochtiefe normalerweise begrenzt ist. Bei Bohrlochtiefen von beispielsweise 300 m und mehr können die untersten Lagerbehälter durch Überlastung zerstört werden.For the storage of special waste it is among others known to fill these in storage containers and then to store the containers. It has already been proposed to store the containers in a mine in which vertical boreholes are formed in which the containers are stacked one on top of the other (IAEA, Vienna (1986), 543-552). The stack height depends on the pressure capacity of the lowest container, so that the stack height of the container and thus the usable borehole depth is normally limited. At borehole depths of 300 m or more, for example, the lowest storage tanks can be destroyed by overload.

Durch die US-3664416 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Verankerung einer Sonde in einem Bohrloch bekannt. An einem Seil befinden sich ein Gewicht, die Verankerungsvorrichtung, Zentrierelemente und die Sonde. Die Verankerungsvorrichtung weist eine Spreizvorrichtung auf, die durch hydraulische Betätigung einer Kolben/Zylinder-Anordnung ausgefahren wird. Nachteilig ist, daß Fremdenergie eingesetzt werden muß, um die Spreizvorrichtung zu spreizen. Mit der bekannten Vorrichtung ist es nicht möglich, eine Stapelung von Lasten in unterschiedlichen Stapelabschnitten vorzunehmen.From US-3664416 a device for anchoring a probe in a borehole is known. A weight contains the weight, the anchoring device, centering elements and the probe. The anchoring device has a spreading device which is extended by hydraulic actuation of a piston / cylinder arrangement. The disadvantage is that external energy must be used to spread the spreading device. With the known device, it is not possible to stack loads in to make different stack sections.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe eine Lagerung von Abfallbehältern auch in sehr tiefen Bohrlöchern mit großer Gesamtstapelhöhe möglich ist, ohne daß der Einsatz von Fremdenergie notwendig ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, with the aid of which waste containers can also be stored in very deep boreholes with a large total stack height, without the use of external energy being necessary.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe eine Lagerung von Abfallbehältern auch in sehr tiefen Bohrlöchern mit großer Gesamtstapelhöhe möglich ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned at the outset, with the aid of which waste containers can also be stored in very deep boreholes with a large total stack height.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Ausbildung gemäß Kenn­zeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the training according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung stellt eine spreiz­bare Stützvorrichtung dar, die sich sozusagen an der Boh­rungswandung abstützt bzw. festklemmt und das Gewicht eines Stapelabschnittes aufnimmt. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrich­tung wirkt völlig selbständig; die Abstützung an der Bohrungs­ wandung erfolgt ohne den Einsatz von Fremdenergie und wirkt proportional der zu stützenden bzw. aufzunehmenden Last der Lagerbehälter. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wandelt die senkrechte Kraft aus der Belastung durch die Lagerbehälter in horizontale, auf die Bohrungswandung ge­richtete Normalkräfte um, die durch die zwischen der Vor­richtung und der Bohrungswandung auftretende Haftreibung die Fixierung der Vorrichtung in der Bohrung sicherstellen.The device according to the invention represents an expandable support device which is, so to speak, supported or clamped against the wall of the bore and takes up the weight of a stack section. The device according to the invention acts completely independently; the support on the bore wall takes place without the use of external energy and acts proportionally to the load of the storage container to be supported or taken up. The device according to the invention converts the vertical force from the load on the storage container into horizontal normal forces directed onto the bore wall, which ensure the fixation of the device in the bore by the static friction occurring between the device and the bore wall.

Mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es möglich, den Stapelbereich in einzelne Stapelabschnitte aufzuteilen, die die jeweils darunter angeordneten Stapel­abschnitte nicht belasten. Für jeden Stapelabschnitt sind nur die eigenen Gewichts- und Druckverhältnisse maßgebend, so daß sehr tiefe, beispielsweise mehrere hundert Meter tiefe Bohrlöcher als Lagerraum für die Lagerbehälter vor­gesehen werden können, ohne die Stabilität der untersten Lagerbehälter zu gefährden.With the aid of the device according to the invention, it is possible to divide the stack area into individual stack sections which do not burden the stack sections arranged below them. For each stack section only the own weight and pressure ratios are decisive, so that very deep, for example several hundred meters deep boreholes can be provided as storage space for the storage containers without endangering the stability of the lowest storage containers.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der er­findungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient developments of the device according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist eine besondere Schwenkarmkonstruktion auf, durch die sichergestellt ist, daß keine Belastung der Lagerbehälter unterhalb der Vor­richtung erfolgt. Die Spreizung der Druckarme mit den daran angelenkten Andruckplatten erfolgt durch das eigene Gewicht der Vorrichtung; sobald nämlich die Spreizplatte beispiels­weise auf einem bereits eingebrachten Stapelabschnitt auf­sitzt oder eine beliebige Unterlage berührt, wird das selbst­tätige Ausfahren der seitlichen Andruckplatten und damit das Herstellen der kraft- und/oder formschlüssigen Ver­bindung ausgelöst (vgl. Anspruch 2). Die selbsttätig aus­fahrende Andruckplatte bewirkt außerdem eine horizontale Zentrierung der Vorrichtung.The device according to the invention has a special swivel arm construction which ensures that there is no load on the storage containers below the device. The spreading of the pressure arms with the pressure plates articulated thereon is carried out by the weight of the device; as soon as, for example, the expansion plate sits on an already inserted stack section or touches any surface, the automatic extension of the side pressure plates and thus the establishment of the non-positive and / or positive connection is triggered (cf. claim 2). The automatically extending pressure plate also causes the device to be centered horizontally.

Durch die Ausbildung nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 5 wird erreicht, daß bei weiterer Belastung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung die Spreizplatte von ihrer Unterlage, beispiels­weise einem schon eingebrachten Stapelabschnitt, abgehoben wird. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, daß keine Be­lastung der unteren Stapelabschnitte durch die oberen Stapel­abschnitte erfolgt.By training according to claims 3 and 5 it is achieved that with further loading of the invention Device the expansion plate is lifted from its base, for example an already inserted stack section. In this way it is ensured that the lower stack sections are not loaded by the upper stack sections.

Durch die befestigte erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist gleichzeitig eine Zentrierung der aufliegenden Lagerbehälter erreichbar. Eine evtl. einmal falsch eingebrachte Vorrich­tung kann leicht wieder gelöst werden, und das Rückholen der Vorrichtung wird in keiner Weise durch Vorrichtungsteile be­hindert.By means of the attached device according to the invention, a centering of the overlying storage containers can be achieved. Any incorrectly inserted device can easily be detached again, and device retrieval is in no way hindered by device parts.

Durch die konstruktive Gestaltung der Andruckplatten ist die kraft- und/oder formschlüssige Verbindung auch bei hohen Lagertemperaturen gewährleistet.The constructive design of the pressure plates ensures a positive and / or positive connection even at high storage temperatures.

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung, die ein Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, näher er­läutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows an embodiment.

Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1 schematisch eine Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3, 4 und 5 verschiedene Spreizzustände der Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 1 und 2.
It shows
  • 1 schematically shows a view of the device according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the device of Fig. 1 and
  • 3, 4 and 5 different spreading states of the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Die Zeichnung zeigt eine Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme eines Stapels von Lagerbehältern 4 mit einer Lastauf­nahmeplatte 6, unter der eine Spreizvorrichtung 8 zum Anlegen an eine Wandung 10 eines Bohrloches 11 angeordnet ist. Die Spreizvorrichtung 8 weist mehrere Druckarme 12 auf, die in unter der Lastaufnahmeplatte 6 angebrachten Lagern 14 pendelartig schwenkbar gelagert sind. Die Lager 14 befinden sich bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform nahe dem Zentrum der Lastaufnahmeplatte 6. Am freien Ende 16 jedes Druckarmes 12 ist eine Andruckplatte 18 in einem Lager 20 pendelnd schwenkbar angeordnet.The drawing shows a device for receiving a stack of storage containers 4 with a load-bearing plate 6, under which a spreading device 8 is arranged for contacting a wall 10 of a borehole 11. The spreading device 8 has a plurality of pressure arms 12 which are pivotally mounted in a pendulum-like manner in bearings 14 attached under the load-bearing plate 6. In the embodiment shown, the bearings 14 are located near the center of the load-bearing plate 6. At the free end 16 of each pressure arm 12, a pressure plate 18 is pivotally arranged in a bearing 20.

Unterhalb jedes Druckarmes 12 befindet sich ein Schub­arm 22, dessen eines Ende 24 in einem Lager 26 drehbar mit dem Druckarm 12 und dessen anderes Ende 28 in einem Lager 30 drehbar an einer für alle Schubarme 22 gemeinsamen zen­tralen Spreizplatte 32 angebracht ist.Beneath each pressure arm 12 is a thrust arm 22, one end 24 of which is rotatable in a bearing 26 with the pressure arm 12 and the other end 28 of which is rotatably mounted in a bearing 30 on a central expansion plate 32 common to all thrust arms 22.

Das Drehlager 26 befindet sich zwischen dem Ende 16 des Druckarmes 12 und dessen Mitte, so daß der Angriffs­punkt des Schubarmes 22 außerhalb des Mittelpunktes näher zum freien Ende 16 des Druckarmes 12 liegt; hierdurch wird eine günstige Hebelwirkung erzielt. Außerdem liegt das Drehlager 26 außerhalb, und zwar unterhalb der Druck­achse 34 des Druckarmes.The pivot bearing 26 is located between the end 16 of the pressure arm 12 and the center thereof, so that the point of application of the thrust arm 22 lies closer to the free end 16 of the pressure arm 12 outside the center point; this creates a favorable leverage effect. In addition, the pivot bearing 26 is outside, namely below the pressure axis 34 of the pressure arm.

Die Lager 20 der Andruckplatten 18 befinden sich im oberen Teil, so daß die Andruckplatten stets etwa senkrecht pendelnd hängen. Die Andruckplatten 18 weisen auf ihrer Andruckseite eine profilierte Fläche 36 auf, wobei die Profilgestaltung und die Größe der Fläche so wählbar sind, daß in Abhängigkeit von Material, Form und Rauhigkeit der zur Abstützung benutzten Fläche - auch bei höheren Lagertemperaturen - ein optimaler Reibbeiwert µ und/oder ein Eindringen in die Wandung erzielbar ist.The bearings 20 of the pressure plates 18 are located in the upper part, so that the pressure plates always hang approximately vertically. The pressure plates 18 have a profiled surface 36 on their pressure side, the profile design and the size of the surface being so selectable that, depending on the material, shape and roughness of the surface used for the support - even at higher storage temperatures - an optimal coefficient of friction μ and / or penetration into the wall can be achieved.

Die Vorrichtung 2 funktioniert wie folgt, wobei ins­besondere auf die Fig. 3 bis 5 Bezug genommen werden soll.The device 2 functions as follows, reference being made in particular to FIGS. 3 to 5.

Die Vorrichtung 2 wird beispielsweise an einem Last­haken (nicht dargestellt) hängend in das Bohrloch 11 ein­gebracht, s. Fig. 3, und bis zur Auflage auf beispielsweise einen bereits eingebrachten Laststapel 38 abgesenkt, d.h. bis die Spreizplatte 32 auf den Laststapel 38 aufsetzt. Durch das Eigengewicht der Vorrichtungsteile senkt sich die Lastaufnahmeplatte weiter ab. Dabei schwenken die Schub­arme 22 die Druckarme 12 nach oben, wodurch die Andruck­platten 18 nach außen gespreizt bzw. gedrückt werden, bis sie an der Wandung 10 des Bohrloches 11 anliegen, vgl.Fig.4. Wird die Lastaufnahmeplatte 6 nun durch Aufsetzen von beispw. Lagerbehältern 4 belastet, so werden die entsprechenden Be­ lastungskräfte über die Druckarme 12 auf die Andruckplatten 18 abgeleitet. Die Belastungskräfte werden am Berührungs­punkt zwischen Andruckplatte 18 und Wandung 10 des Bohr­loches 11 in eine horizontale Kraftkomponente und in eine senkrechte Kraftkomponente zerlegt. Die senkrechte Kraft­komponente wird durch die Haftreibkraft (Normalkraft × Reib­beiwert µ) kompensiert, so daß die Vorrichtung sich von selbst im Bohrloch fixiert.The device 2 is inserted into the borehole 11 hanging, for example, on a load hook (not shown), see FIG. Fig. 3, and lowered to rest on, for example, an already introduced load stack 38, ie until the expansion plate 32 touches the load stack 38. The weight of the device parts further lowers the load-bearing plate. The push arms 22 pivot the pressure arms 12 upwards, as a result of which the pressure plates 18 are spread or pressed outward until they bear against the wall 10 of the borehole 11, see FIG. 4. If the load-bearing plate 6 is now loaded by placing, for example, storage containers 4, the corresponding loading Load forces derived via the pressure arms 12 on the pressure plates 18. The loading forces are broken down into a horizontal force component and a vertical force component at the point of contact between the pressure plate 18 and the wall 10 of the borehole 11. The vertical force component is compensated by the static friction force (normal force × coefficient of friction µ), so that the device fixes itself in the borehole.

Die Lage der Anlenkung (Drehlager 26) der Schubarme 22 an den Druckarmen 12 ist so gewählt, daß nach Unterschreiten eines vorgebbaren Neigungswinkels der Druckarme zur Hori­zontalen bzw. nach Überschreiten einer vorgebbaren Spreizung die Drehlager 26 nach außen schwenken, wodurch sich die Ab­stände der Drehlager voneinander vergrößern und die Spreiz­platte 32 angehoben wird. Dadurch wird eine Belastung des unteren Laststapels durch den jeweils darüberliegenden Laststapel vermiedenThe position of the articulation (pivot bearing 26) of the thrust arms 22 on the pressure arms 12 is selected such that after falling below a predeterminable angle of inclination of the pressure arms to the horizontal or after exceeding a predefinable spread, the pivot bearings 26 pivot outwards, as a result of which the distances between the pivot bearings differ from one another enlarge and the expansion plate 32 is raised. This prevents the lower load stack from being loaded by the load stack above it

Beispielsweise ist diese Wirkungsweise auf jeden Fall dann erreichbar, wenn beim Anlegen der Andruckplatten 18 die Drehpunkte 20, 26 und 30 auf einer Geraden liegen, weil sowohl die Bohrungswandung als auch die Armkonstruktion der Vorrichtung 2 eine gewisse Nachgiebigkeit aufweisen und dann jede weitere Abwärtsbewegung der Lastaufnahmeplatte und ent­sprechende Vergrößerung der Spreizung der Andruckplatten 18 durch Erhöhung der Belastung die Drehpunkte 26 der Schub­arme 22 nach außen wandern läßt, wodurch die Spreizplatte 32 angehoben wird. Bei maximaler Belastung der Vorrichtung 2 stellt sich ein Gleichgewicht zwischen der horizontalen Druckkraft und der Druckfestigkeit der Bohrlochwandung ein.For example, this mode of operation can be achieved in any case if, when the pressure plates 18 are applied, the pivot points 20, 26 and 30 lie on a straight line, because both the bore wall and the arm construction of the device 2 have a certain flexibility and then any further downward movement of the load-bearing plate and a corresponding increase in the spreading of the pressure plates 18 by increasing the load allows the pivot points 26 of the push arms 22 to move outward, as a result of which the spreading plate 32 is raised. At maximum load on the device 2, a balance is established between the horizontal compressive force and the compressive strength of the borehole wall.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt einen Endzustand nach Vollbelastung, in dem die Druckarme 12 und Schubarme 22 jeweils in parallel zueinander liegenden Ebenen liegen. Bei dem in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Zustand ist die Spreizvorrichtung 8 maximal ge­spreizt, die Druckarme 12 - genauer die Druckachsen 34 -­liegen horizontal in einer Ebene, und es sind die maximalen Abstände zwischen den Andruckplatten 18 erreicht. Die Druck­arme 12 und Schubarme 22 können im Endzustand allerdings auch eine Neigung zur Horizontalen aufweisen, d.h. der End­zustand kann durch einen zwischen den in den Fig. 4 und 5 gezeigten Zuständen liegenden Zustand gekennzeichnet sein in Abhängigkeit von der Dimensionierung der Spreizvorrichtung 8 und den Eigenschaften der Bohrungswandung 10.5 shows a final state after full load, in which the pressure arms 12 and push arms 22 each lie in planes lying parallel to one another. In the state shown in FIG. 5, the spreading device 8 is spread to the maximum, the pressure arms 12 - more precisely the pressure axes 34 - lie horizontally in one plane, and they are the maximum Distances between the pressure plates 18 reached. The pressure arms 12 and thrust arms 22 can, however, also have an inclination to the horizontal in the final state, ie the final state can be characterized by a state lying between the states shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, depending on the dimensioning of the spreading device 8 and the properties of the Hole wall 10.

Ein weiteres Absinken über den in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Zustand hinaus (Durchsacken der Lastaufnahmeplatte) mit negativ werdender Neigung zur Horizontalen der Druckarme 12 bzw. der Druckachsen 34 mit dem Nachteil, daß sich die An­druckplatten 18 wieder lösen, wird verhindert durch auf der Unterseite der Lastaufnahmeplatte 6 angebrachte Anschlag­oder Distanzstücke 40, deren Höhe dem Abstand zwischen der Lastaufnahmeplatte 6 und den Druckarmen 12 bei paralleler Lage von Lastaufnahmeplatte 6 und Druckarmen 12 bzw. Druck­achsen 34 entspricht.A further sinking beyond the state shown in FIG. 5 (sagging of the load-bearing plate) with a negative inclination to the horizontal of the pressure arms 12 or the pressure axes 34 with the disadvantage that the pressure plates 18 loosen again is prevented by on the underside Stop or spacers 40 attached to the load-bearing plate 6, the height of which corresponds to the distance between the load-bearing plate 6 and the pressure arms 12 when the load-bearing plate 6 and pressure arms 12 or pressure axes 34 are parallel.

Die Zahl der Druckarme ist entsprechend der Querschnitts­form der Hohlräume wählbar. Bei einem Hohlraum in Form einer zylindrischen Bohrung sind vorzugsweise drei Druckarme in 120°-Winkelabständen vorgesehen, wie dies die Zeichnung in der Fig. 2 zeigt.The number of pressure arms can be selected according to the cross-sectional shape of the cavities. In the case of a cavity in the form of a cylindrical bore, three pressure arms are preferably provided at 120 ° angular intervals, as shown in the drawing in FIG. 2.

Claims (8)

1. Arrangement for accommodating loads in cavities, more especially in bore-holes (11) of a mine or pit, with an automatically outwardly moving spreading or expanding arrangement (8) which can be actuated by being loaded, so as to bear positively and/or non-positively against the wall (10) of the cavity (11), the spreading arrangement (8) comprising a plurality of pivotable pressurising arms (12), at the ends of which are arranged pressure-applying plates (18), and comprising several thrust arms (22) acting on the pressurising arms (12), characterised in that the pressurising arms (12) are arranged to be pivotable on a load-receiving plate (6), that the pressure-applying plates (18) are arranged to be pivotable on the free ends of the pressurising arms and that the thrust arms (22) are hinged on the pressurising arms and are rotatably connected to a spreading plate (32) which is common to all thrust arms.
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the pivot points (26) of the thrust arms (22) are arranged on the pressurising arms (12) externally of the thrust axes (34) of the thrust arms.
3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pressurising arms (12) are pivoted beneath the load­receiving plate (6).
4. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pivot points (26) of the thrust arms (22) are arranged below the axes (34) of the pressurising arms (12) in such manner that, when a certain angle of inclination of the pressurising arms relatively to the horizontal is not reached, the pivot points (36) are moved outwardly from one another and the spreading plate (32) is raised.
5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pressurising arms (12), with maximum spreading of the pressure-applying plates (18), are arranged horizontally in one plane and, in this position, bear on abutment or spacer elements (40) arranged on the underside of the load-receiving plate (6).
6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that advantageously three pressurising arms (12) are provided, with angular spacings of 120°, when the cavities are in the form of cylindrical bore-holes.
7. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by additional applied weights for the successive strengthening of the bearing against the wall of the cavity.
8. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pressurising surfaces of the pressure-applying plates (18) are of profiled form.
EP19880100860 1987-02-23 1988-01-21 Device for placing loads in cavities Expired - Lifetime EP0281737B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3705731 1987-02-23
DE3705731A DE3705731C1 (en) 1987-02-23 1987-02-23 Device for lifting loads in cavities

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EP0281737A1 EP0281737A1 (en) 1988-09-14
EP0281737B1 true EP0281737B1 (en) 1991-01-02

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2632941B1 (en) * 1988-06-17 1990-09-21 Saint Eloi Sarl Ateliers INSTALLATION FOR LOADING AND / OR UNLOADING ARTICLES IN A CONTAINER
DE19921363C2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2001-05-23 Rag Ag Device for forming an abutment for a filling material column to be fixed in shafts or vertical cavities
US6796380B2 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-09-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated High expansion anchor system
CN113123755B (en) * 2021-05-10 2022-02-18 盐城市崇达石化机械有限公司 Double-acting packer for oil well pipeline

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1205928B (en) * 1962-07-05 1965-12-02 Friedrich Steiner Dr Ing Device for breaking up piles
FR2048156A5 (en) * 1969-06-03 1971-03-19 Schlumberger Prospection
US3570600A (en) * 1969-07-24 1971-03-16 Harry Wall Submersible pump adapter

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EP0281737A1 (en) 1988-09-14
ES2019666B3 (en) 1991-07-01
DE3705731C1 (en) 1988-02-04

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