EP0280857A2 - Sorting device - Google Patents

Sorting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280857A2
EP0280857A2 EP19880100738 EP88100738A EP0280857A2 EP 0280857 A2 EP0280857 A2 EP 0280857A2 EP 19880100738 EP19880100738 EP 19880100738 EP 88100738 A EP88100738 A EP 88100738A EP 0280857 A2 EP0280857 A2 EP 0280857A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sorting device
components
screw
sensor
screws
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19880100738
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0280857A3 (en
EP0280857B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Ing. Habele (Fh)
Jakob Zeyda
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/08—Sorting according to size measured electrically or electronically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/06—Sorting according to size measured mechanically
    • B07C5/065—Sorting according to size measured mechanically with multiple measuring appliances adjusted according to different standards, for example length or thickness, which detect the shape of an object so that if it conforms to the standard set by the measuring appliance, it is removed from the conveyor, e.g. by means of a number of differently calibrated openings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/929—Fastener sorter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sorting device according to the type of the main claim.
  • a sorting device is already known in which the screws to be sorted are guided on a conveyor belt past an optoelectronic sensor, in particular a CCD sensor line equipped with photodiodes. With the help of a lamp, a shadow of the screw to be assessed is projected onto the sensor and this image is compared with the nominal dimensions. If the screw has a defect on the contour shown, it is blown off the conveyor belt by a nozzle belt.
  • This sorting device has the disadvantage that only the projection shadow can be checked in a single plane for each measurement. Errors on the non-projected circumference, on the surface or inside (slot shape) cannot be detected. In addition, the measuring accuracy depends on the conveyor belt speed at the measuring point and on the stable position of the screw on the conveyor belt.
  • the sorting device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the complete shape of the screws, both their shape and their dimensions, their surface quality and their internal shapes (slots, cracks) can be determined with great accuracy. Furthermore, the measurement result is independent of the conveyor speed of the conveyor. The measurement is not - as with optical measuring methods - affected by dirt. Temperature influences are also irrelevant. In addition, the sorting device is much cheaper than optical systems.
  • the conveyor can consist, for example, of a simple rail with a liner conveyor. The reliability of the sorting device is considerably improved by the combination of mechanical and electrical measuring points.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of the entire sorting device.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross section through the template 13 along the line II-II in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section through the shaft sensors 21 and 22.
  • Figure 4 shows a measurement diagram of the shaft sensor.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the head sensor 25.
  • a screw spindle is shown in FIG.
  • Figure 7 shows the control loop of the sorting device.
  • the sorting device is divided into two main parts, a conveyor pot 1 and a linear section 2 with the devices for screw detection and rejection.
  • a separating device 3 and one or more screw spindles or a packaging machine (not shown) can be connected to the linear section 2.
  • the well-known conveyor pot 1 takes up the screws, nails, head bolts or the like as bulk material and brings them in a row hanging from a rail 4.
  • the rail 4 has a slot 5 through which the shafts of the screws, but not the heads, can pass.
  • the rail 4 continues seamlessly in the rail 6 belonging to the linear path 2 with a slot 7 corresponding to the slot 5.
  • the rail 6 is fixedly connected to a linear conveyor 8 known per se, which, by means of vibration, exerts as constant a linear conveying movement as possible on the screws 9.
  • the slot 7 widens to a hole 10 which is slightly smaller than the head diameter of the screw 9 to be tested and fall through the screwing with too small a head diameter into a collecting container 11 for unusable screws.
  • the screw 9 is further conveyed onto an interchangeable slide 12 and comes to a template 13.
  • the screw geometries conveyed are incorporated into the template 13 in relation to head diameter A, shaft diameter B, head height C and shaft length D ( Figure 2).
  • the template 13 consists of two halves 14 and 15 so that they can be attached to the rail 6, e.g. by screws, not shown, which reach through the template halves 14 and 15 and are screwed into the narrow sides of the rail 6. If one of the required dimensions is exceeded, the screw material jams in the template 13.
  • the interchangeable slide 12 consists of two short rail sections 16 and 17, which are guided on a rod 18 and can be inserted alternately into a gap in the rail 6. Below the interchangeable slide 12 there is a collecting container 19, into which screws which are not removed from the linear section 2 by the interchangeable slide are located due to the conveying action also exerted on the rail sections 16 and 17 kung the linear conveyor 8 fall into it.
  • the shuttle valve 12 receives its release signal from a control device 50, which will be described later.
  • a traffic jam sensor 20 is arranged above the rail 6 and can detect whether there are screws under it or not.
  • the traffic jam sensor 20 can operate according to mechanical, inductive, capacitive, piezoelectric, ultrasound or the eddy current principle or according to other principles and emits its signal to the electrical or pneumatic control device 50 (FIG. 7).
  • the shaft sensor 21 Downstream of the accumulation sensor 20 is the shaft sensor 21, 22, which is inserted into recesses in the lateral flanks of the rail 6 (FIG. 3).
  • the shaft sensor consists of two parts 21, 22, in each of which a coil 23, 24 is arranged.
  • the coils preferably work according to the eddy current principle, the mode of operation of which is described in more detail in our application P 37 06 574.2 (filed on the same day) and with which surface defects can also be easily recognized.
  • plates can also be contained in the shaft sensor and the measurement can be carried out capacitively.
  • the following dimensions can be monitored with the aid of the shaft sensor 21, 22: shaft diameter, shaft length, thread defects, material defects such as cracks or cavities, and surface defects, for example poor surface treatment.
  • a measurement signal results, which is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the time t is plotted on the right, the height of the measurement signal upwards.
  • the first three screws are within the tolerance range T and are OK.
  • the next four screws are faulty and generate a measurement signal that is too low. Since errors can be compensated for with this measuring method, e.g. shaft diameter too small / thread missing or shaft too long / blowholes
  • Some criteria were previously checked mechanically through the hole 10 and the template 13 and defective screws were sorted out.
  • the test criteria to be monitored by the shaft sensor 21, 22 are therefore reduced to: shaft diameter too small, shaft length too short, thread, material and surface defects.
  • the reliability of the sorting device can be increased even further by arranging several pairs of coils along the screw shaft.
  • the shaft sensor 21, 22 registers both a counting pulse Z (FIG. 4) with a running nunmer, which is triggered each time a screw is passed, and the height of the shaft signal. If the measurement signal voltage lies outside the permissible tolerance range T, an error signal is assigned to the counting pulse of this screw and the screw is further conveyed to the separating block 30.
  • a head sensor 25 arranged there also registers counting pulses with a serial number. If there appears a screw with a number to which an error signal is assigned, it is assigned to the feed slide 38 for defective screws.
  • the signals are expediently processed by a controller developed for this purpose.
  • the head sensor 25 is attached at a defined constant distance K above the rail 6 or the receiving fork 27 (FIG. 5).
  • the coil 26 arranged in the head sensor 25 also works according to the eddy current principle according to our application P 37 06 574.2.
  • the head sensor 25 detects the following errors: head height too low (head height too high is checked by template 13), head diameter too large (head diameter too small is also checked by template 13), incorrect slot design or force application surfaces (e.g. slot instead of Torx, not existing slot) and surface defect and also registers the counting pulse described above.
  • Faulty screws produce - similar to the shaft sensor (FIG. 4) - a measuring signal that is too large or too small. This immediately causes the feed slide 38 for faulty screws to be actuated.
  • the rail 6 ends shortly before the head sensor 25 and continues seamlessly in the receiving cable 27 of the cross slide 28, which is guided in a guide link 29 of the separating block 30.
  • the guide link 29 is arranged obliquely to the sliding direction of the separating slide 31, which conveys the tested screws at right angles to the rail 6 to the feed hole 32.
  • the displacement of the separating slide 31 is accomplished by a work unit, not shown, which is connected to the push rod 33.
  • the push rod is in turn firmly connected to the separating slide 31.
  • the cross slide 28 withdraws from the screw due to the guide link 29 (to the right in FIG. 1) and releases the screw head, so that the screw can fall freely through the hole 32 into one of the metering slides 34 to 38 shown .
  • a total of twelve metering slides can be attached to plate 44.
  • the metering slides have housings 39 in which pistons 40 are guided.
  • the piston rods 41 of the pistons 40 carry head pieces 42 with bores 43.
  • inlet hoses not shown in FIG. 1, are connected, through which the individual screws are conveyed either for packaging or via the inlet hoses 61 to screw spindles 60 shown in FIG.
  • sensors 63 are e.g. in the jaws 62 of the screw spindles 60 Vortex sensors are used, which either output the signal "screw in the pliers" or “no screw in the pliers” to the separating device 3.
  • the control device 50 (FIG. 7) has the signal from the sensor 20 as the input variable and the acknowledgment of the feedback from the feed pot 1 about its operating state (on-off).
  • the sensor signal passes through a signal processor 51 and a timing control circuit 51 with two Exits. One of the outputs either switches the feed pot on or off, the other actuates the change-over slide 12 in such a way that the rail section 16 or 17 currently in the linear section 2 is disengaged and the other rail section 17 or 16 is inserted into the gap in the linear section 2.

Abstract

2.1. In installation systems with automatic screw connection, satisfactory screw hardware is needed. In the past, defective screws have usually been eliminated manually or by costly optical sorting devices. The new sorting device is intended to single out defective fixing components reliably and economically. <??>2.2. Defective components are sorted out from the dimensionally accurate fixing components by a consecutive arrangement of mechanical measuring stations (10, 13) and electrical measuring stations (21, 22, 25) which operate by the eddy current principle, and by ejector devices (10, 12, 3). The mechanical pre-sorting largely prevents dimensional errors from being compensated at the electrical measuring stations. As a result, very high reliability of the overall installation is achieved. <??>2.3. The sorting device is suitable for automatic installation systems for feeding screws to screw pumps. It can also be used, for example, by screw manufacturers for the provision of satisfactory screw hardware. <IMAGE>

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Sortiereinrichtung nach der Gat­tung des Hauptanspruchs. Es ist bereits eine Sortiereinrichtung be­kannt, bei der die zu sortierenden Schrauben auf einem Förderband an einem optoelektronischen Sensor, speziell einer mit Fotodioden bestückten CCD-Sensorzeile vorbeigeführt werden. Dabei wird mit Hil­fe einer Lampe ein Schatten der zu beurteilenden Schraube auf den Sensor projiziert und dieses Bild mit den Sollmaßen verglichen. Wenn die Schraube an ihrer abgebildeten Kontur einen Fehler aufweist, wird sie durch ein Düsenband vom Förderband abgeblasen. Diese Sor­tiereinrichtung hat den Nachteil, daß bei jeder Messung nur der Pro­jektionsschatten in einer einzigen Ebene überprüft werden kann. Feh­ler am nicht projizierten Umfang, an der Oberfläche oder im Inneren (Schlitzform) können nicht erkannt werden. Außerdem ist die Meßge­nauigkeit von der Förderbandgeschwindigkeit am Meßpunkt und von der stabilen Lage der Schraube auf dem Förderband abhängig.The invention relates to a sorting device according to the type of the main claim. A sorting device is already known in which the screws to be sorted are guided on a conveyor belt past an optoelectronic sensor, in particular a CCD sensor line equipped with photodiodes. With the help of a lamp, a shadow of the screw to be assessed is projected onto the sensor and this image is compared with the nominal dimensions. If the screw has a defect on the contour shown, it is blown off the conveyor belt by a nozzle belt. This sorting device has the disadvantage that only the projection shadow can be checked in a single plane for each measurement. Errors on the non-projected circumference, on the surface or inside (slot shape) cannot be detected. In addition, the measuring accuracy depends on the conveyor belt speed at the measuring point and on the stable position of the screw on the conveyor belt.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Sortiereinrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die vollständige Gestalt der Schrauben, sowohl deren Form als auch deren Abmessungen, deren Oberflächenbeschaffenheit sowie deren innere For­men (Schlitze, Risse), mit großer Genauigkeit erfaßt werden können. Weiter ist das Meßergebnis unabhängig von der Fördergeschwindigkeit der Fördereinrichtung. Die Messung wird nicht - wie bei optischen Meßverfahren - von Schmutzteilen beeinträchtigt. Auch Temperaturein­flüsse sind unerheblich. Außerdem ist die Sortiereinrichtung gegen­über optischen Systemen wesentlich billiger. Die Fördereinrichtung kann beispielsweise aus einer einfachen Schiene mit einem Linerför­derer bestehen. Durch die Kombination von mechanischen und elektri­schen Meßstellen wird die Zuverlässigkeit der Sortiereinrichtung erheblich verbessert.The sorting device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the complete shape of the screws, both their shape and their dimensions, their surface quality and their internal shapes (slots, cracks) can be determined with great accuracy. Furthermore, the measurement result is independent of the conveyor speed of the conveyor. The measurement is not - as with optical measuring methods - affected by dirt. Temperature influences are also irrelevant. In addition, the sorting device is much cheaper than optical systems. The conveyor can consist, for example, of a simple rail with a liner conveyor. The reliability of the sorting device is considerably improved by the combination of mechanical and electrical measuring points.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Sortiereinrichtung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Figur 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die gesamte Sortiereinrichtung. Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die Schablone 13 gemäß Linie II-II in Figur 1. Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch die Schaft­sensoren 21 und 22. In Figure 4 ist ein Meßdiagramm des Schaftsensors dargestellt. Figur 5 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch den Kopfsensor 25. In Figur 6 ist eine Schraubspindel gezeigt. Figur 7 zeigt den Regelkreis der Sortiereinrichtung.An embodiment of the sorting device is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Figure 1 shows a plan view of the entire sorting device. Figure 2 shows a cross section through the template 13 along the line II-II in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows a cross section through the shaft sensors 21 and 22. In Figure 4, a measurement diagram of the shaft sensor is shown. FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the head sensor 25. A screw spindle is shown in FIG. Figure 7 shows the control loop of the sorting device.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielesDescription of the embodiment

Die Sortiereinrichtung ist in zwei Hauptteile gegliedert, einen För­dertopf 1 und eine Linearstrecke 2 mit den Einrichtungen zur Schrau­benerkennung und Aussonderung. An die Linearstrecke 2 kann sich eine Vereinzelungseinrichtung 3 und ein oder mehrere Schraubspindeln oder eine nicht gezeigte Verpackungsmaschine anschließen.The sorting device is divided into two main parts, a conveyor pot 1 and a linear section 2 with the devices for screw detection and rejection. A separating device 3 and one or more screw spindles or a packaging machine (not shown) can be connected to the linear section 2.

Der an sich bekannte Fördertopf 1 nimmt die Schrauben, Nägel, Kopf­bolzen oder ähnliches als Schüttgut auf und bringt sie in Reihe an einer Schiene 4 hängend aus. Die Schiene 4 weist einen Schlitz 5 auf, durch den die Schäfte der Schrauben, nicht aber die Köpfe hin­durchtreten können. Die Schiene 4 setzt sich übergangslos in der zur Linearstrecke 2 gehörigen Schiene 6 mit einem dem Schlitz 5 entspre­chenden Schlitz 7 fort. Die Schiene 6 ist mit einem an sich bekann­ten Linearförderer 8 fest verbunden, der durch Vibration eine mög­lichst konstante geradlinige Förderbewegung auf die Schrauben 9 aus­übt.The well-known conveyor pot 1 takes up the screws, nails, head bolts or the like as bulk material and brings them in a row hanging from a rail 4. The rail 4 has a slot 5 through which the shafts of the screws, but not the heads, can pass. The rail 4 continues seamlessly in the rail 6 belonging to the linear path 2 with a slot 7 corresponding to the slot 5. The rail 6 is fixedly connected to a linear conveyor 8 known per se, which, by means of vibration, exerts as constant a linear conveying movement as possible on the screws 9.

Der Schlitz 7 erweitert sich zu einem Loch 10, das geringfügig klei­ner als der Kopfdurchmesser der zu prüfenden Schraube 9 ist und durch das Schrauben mit zu kleinem Kopfdurchmesser in einen Auffang­behälter 11 für nicht brauchbare Schrauben fallen.The slot 7 widens to a hole 10 which is slightly smaller than the head diameter of the screw 9 to be tested and fall through the screwing with too small a head diameter into a collecting container 11 for unusable screws.

Ist der Kopfdurchmesser jedoch nicht zu klein, so wird die Schraube 9 weiter auf einen Wechselschieber 12 gefördert und kommt an eine Schablone 13. In die Schablone 13 sind die geförderten Schraubengeo­metrien in bezug auf Kopfdurchmesser A, Schaftdurchmesser B, Kopf­höhe C und Schaftlänge D eingearbeitet (Figur 2). Die Schablone 13 besteht aus zwei Hälften 14 und 15, um sie an die Schiene 6 anbauen zu können, z.B. durch nicht gezeigte Schrauben, die die Schablonen­hälften 14 und 15 durchgreifen und in die Schmalseiten der Schiene 6 eingeschraubt sind. Wird eines der geforderten Maße überschritten, so staut sich das Schraubenmaterial en der Schablone 13.However, if the head diameter is not too small, the screw 9 is further conveyed onto an interchangeable slide 12 and comes to a template 13. The screw geometries conveyed are incorporated into the template 13 in relation to head diameter A, shaft diameter B, head height C and shaft length D ( Figure 2). The template 13 consists of two halves 14 and 15 so that they can be attached to the rail 6, e.g. by screws, not shown, which reach through the template halves 14 and 15 and are screwed into the narrow sides of the rail 6. If one of the required dimensions is exceeded, the screw material jams in the template 13.

Der Wechselschieber 12 besteht aus zwei kurzen Schienenstücken 16 und 17, die an einer Stange 18 geführt, abwechselnd in eine Lücke der Schiene 6 einrückbar sind. Unterhalb des Wechselschiebers 12 be­findet sich ein Auffangbehälter 19, in den von dem Wechselschieber aus der Linearstrecke 2 entnommene nicht maßhaltige Schrauben auf­grund der auch auf die Schienenstücke 16 und 17 ausgeübte Förderwir­ kung des Linearförderers 8 hineinfallen. Der Wechselschieber 12 er­hält sein Ausrücksignal von einer Regeleinrichtung 50, die später noch beschrieben wird.The interchangeable slide 12 consists of two short rail sections 16 and 17, which are guided on a rod 18 and can be inserted alternately into a gap in the rail 6. Below the interchangeable slide 12 there is a collecting container 19, into which screws which are not removed from the linear section 2 by the interchangeable slide are located due to the conveying action also exerted on the rail sections 16 and 17 kung the linear conveyor 8 fall into it. The shuttle valve 12 receives its release signal from a control device 50, which will be described later.

Im weiteren Verlauf der Linearstrecke 2 ist überhalb der Schiene 6 ein Stausensor 20 angeordnet, der erkennen kann, ob sich unter ihm Schrauben befinden oder nicht. Der Stausensor 20 kann nach mechani­schem, induktivem, kapazitiven, piezoelektrischem, dem Ultraschall oder dem Wirbelstromprinzip oder nach anderen Prinzipien arbeiten und gibt sein Signal an die elektrische oder pneumatische Regelein­richtung 50 (Figur 7) ab.In the further course of the linear path 2, a traffic jam sensor 20 is arranged above the rail 6 and can detect whether there are screws under it or not. The traffic jam sensor 20 can operate according to mechanical, inductive, capacitive, piezoelectric, ultrasound or the eddy current principle or according to other principles and emits its signal to the electrical or pneumatic control device 50 (FIG. 7).

In Förderrichtung dem Stausensor 20 nachgeordnet ist der Schaftsen­sor 21, 22, der in Aussparungen der seitlichen Flanken der Schiene 6 eingesetzt ist (Figur 3). Der Schaftsensor besteht aus zwei Teilen 21, 22, in denen jeweils eine Spule 23, 24 angeordnet ist. Die Spu­len arbeiten vorzugsweise nach dem Wirbelstromprinzip, dessen Wir­kungsweise in unserer (am gleichen Tag eingereichten) Anmeldung P 37 06 574.2 genauer beschrieben ist und womit auch Oberflächenfeh­ler gut erkannt werden können. Statt der Spulen 23, 24 können aber auch Platten in dem Schaftsensor enthalten sein und die Messung ka­pazitiv vorgenommen werden.Downstream of the accumulation sensor 20 is the shaft sensor 21, 22, which is inserted into recesses in the lateral flanks of the rail 6 (FIG. 3). The shaft sensor consists of two parts 21, 22, in each of which a coil 23, 24 is arranged. The coils preferably work according to the eddy current principle, the mode of operation of which is described in more detail in our application P 37 06 574.2 (filed on the same day) and with which surface defects can also be easily recognized. Instead of the coils 23, 24, plates can also be contained in the shaft sensor and the measurement can be carried out capacitively.

Mit Hilfe des Schaftsensors 21, 22 lassen sich folgende Abmessungen überwachen: Schaftdurchmesser, Schaftlänge, Gewindefehler, Material­fehler wie Risse oder Lunker, und Oberflächenfehler, z.B. mangel­hafte Oberflächenbehandlung. Es ergibt sich ein Meßsignal, welches in Figur 4 dargestellt ist. Nach rechts ist die Zeit t aufgetragen, nach oben die Höhe des Meßsignals. Die ersten drei Schrauben liegen innerhalb der Toleranzbreite T und sind in Ordnung. Die nächsten vier Schrauben sind fehlerhaft und erzeugen ein zu geringes Meßsig­nal. Da sich bei dieser Meßmethode Fehler kompensieren können, z.B. Schaftdurchmesser zu klein/Gewinde fehlt oder Schaft zu lang/Lunker wurden einige Kriterien bereits vorher mechanisch durch das Loch 10 und die Schablone 13 geprüft und fehlerhafte Schrauben aussortiert. Die von dem Schaftsensor 21, 22 zu überwachenden Prüfkriterien ver­ringern sich also auf: Schaftdurchmesser zu klein, Schaftlänge zu kurz, Gewinde-, Material- und Oberflächenfehler. Durch Anordnung mehrerer Spulenpaare untereinander entlang des Schraubenschaftes läßt sich die Zuverlässigkeit der Sortiereinrichtung noch steigern.The following dimensions can be monitored with the aid of the shaft sensor 21, 22: shaft diameter, shaft length, thread defects, material defects such as cracks or cavities, and surface defects, for example poor surface treatment. A measurement signal results, which is shown in FIG. 4. The time t is plotted on the right, the height of the measurement signal upwards. The first three screws are within the tolerance range T and are OK. The next four screws are faulty and generate a measurement signal that is too low. Since errors can be compensated for with this measuring method, e.g. shaft diameter too small / thread missing or shaft too long / blowholes Some criteria were previously checked mechanically through the hole 10 and the template 13 and defective screws were sorted out. The test criteria to be monitored by the shaft sensor 21, 22 are therefore reduced to: shaft diameter too small, shaft length too short, thread, material and surface defects. The reliability of the sorting device can be increased even further by arranging several pairs of coils along the screw shaft.

Der Schaftsensor 21, 22 registriert sowohl einen Zählimpuls Z (Figur 4) mit laufender Nunmer, der bei jeder vorbeigeführten Schraube aus­gelöst wird, als auch die Höhe des Schaftsignals. Liegt die Meßsig­nalspannung außerhalb der zulässigen Toleranzbreite T so wird dem Zählimpuls dieser Schraube ein Fehlersignal zugeordnet und die Schraube wird weiter bis zum Vereinzelungsblock 30 gefördert. Ein dort angeordneter Kopfsensor 25 registriert ebenfalls Zählimpulse mit laufender Nummer. Erscheint dort eine Schraube mit einer Nummer, der ein Fehlersignal zugeordnet ist, wird sie dem Zuteilschieber 38 für fehlerhafte Schrauben zugeteilt. Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Signale durch eine dafür entwickelte Steuerung verarbeitet.The shaft sensor 21, 22 registers both a counting pulse Z (FIG. 4) with a running nunmer, which is triggered each time a screw is passed, and the height of the shaft signal. If the measurement signal voltage lies outside the permissible tolerance range T, an error signal is assigned to the counting pulse of this screw and the screw is further conveyed to the separating block 30. A head sensor 25 arranged there also registers counting pulses with a serial number. If there appears a screw with a number to which an error signal is assigned, it is assigned to the feed slide 38 for defective screws. The signals are expediently processed by a controller developed for this purpose.

Der Kopfsensor 25 ist in einem definierten konstanten Abstand K oberhalb der Schiene 6 bzw. der Aufnahmegabel 27 angebracht (Figur 5). Die in dem Kopfsensor 25 angeordnete Spule 26 arbeitet ebenfalls nach dem Wirbelstromprinzip gemäß unserer Anmeldung P 37 06 574.2. Der Kopfsensor 25 erkennt folgende Fehler: Kopfhöhe zu niedrig (Kopfhöhe zu hoch wird durch die Schablone 13 geprüft), Kopfdurch messer zu groß (Kopfdurchmesser zu klein wird ebenfalls durch die Schablone 13 geprüft, fehlerhafte Schlitzausprägung bzw. Kraftan­griffsflächen (z.B. Schlitz statt Torx, nicht vorhandener Schlitz) und Oberflächenfehler. Außerdem registriert er den oben beschriebe­nen Zählimpuls. Fehlerhafte Schrauben erzeugen - ähnlich wie bei dem Schaftsensor (Figur 4) - ein zu großes oder zu kleines Meßsignal. Dies bewirkt sofort die Betätigung des Zuteilschiebers 38 für feh­lerhafte Schrauben.The head sensor 25 is attached at a defined constant distance K above the rail 6 or the receiving fork 27 (FIG. 5). The coil 26 arranged in the head sensor 25 also works according to the eddy current principle according to our application P 37 06 574.2. The head sensor 25 detects the following errors: head height too low (head height too high is checked by template 13), head diameter too large (head diameter too small is also checked by template 13), incorrect slot design or force application surfaces (e.g. slot instead of Torx, not existing slot) and surface defect and also registers the counting pulse described above. Faulty screws produce - similar to the shaft sensor (FIG. 4) - a measuring signal that is too large or too small. This immediately causes the feed slide 38 for faulty screws to be actuated.

Die Schiene 6 endet kurz vor dem Kopfsensor 25 und setzt sich über­gangslos in der Aufnahmekabel 27 des Querschiebers 28 fort, der in einer Führungskulisse 29 des Vereinzelungsblocks 30 geführt ist. Die Führungskulisse 29 ist schräg zur Schieberichtung des Vereinzelungs­schiebers 31 angeordnet, der die geprüften Schrauben rechtwinklig zur Schiene 6 zu dem Zuteilloch 32 befördert. Die Verschiebung des Vereinzelungsschiebers 31 wird durch ein nicht gezeigtes Arbeits­aggregat bewerkstelligt, das mit der Schubstange 33 verbunden ist. Die Schubstange ist wiederum fest mit dem Vereinzelungsschieber 31 verbunden. Während der Verschiebung des Vereinzelungsschiebers 31 weicht der Querschieber 28 wegen der Führungskulisse 29 von der Schraube zurück (in Figur 1 nach rechts) und gibt den Schraubenkopf frei, so daß die Schraube frei durch das Zuteilloch 32 in einen der gezeigten Zuteilschieber 34 bis 38 fallen kann. Insgbesamt sind zwölf Zuteilschieber an die Platte 44 anbaubar.The rail 6 ends shortly before the head sensor 25 and continues seamlessly in the receiving cable 27 of the cross slide 28, which is guided in a guide link 29 of the separating block 30. The guide link 29 is arranged obliquely to the sliding direction of the separating slide 31, which conveys the tested screws at right angles to the rail 6 to the feed hole 32. The displacement of the separating slide 31 is accomplished by a work unit, not shown, which is connected to the push rod 33. The push rod is in turn firmly connected to the separating slide 31. During the displacement of the separating slide 31, the cross slide 28 withdraws from the screw due to the guide link 29 (to the right in FIG. 1) and releases the screw head, so that the screw can fall freely through the hole 32 into one of the metering slides 34 to 38 shown . A total of twelve metering slides can be attached to plate 44.

Die Zuteilschieber weisen Gehäuse 39 auf, in denen Kolben 40 geführt sind. Die Kolbenstangen 41 der Kolben 40 tragen Kopfstücke 42 mit Bohrungen 43. Unterhalb der Bohrungen 43 sind in Figur 1 nicht ge­zeigte Zublasschläuche angeschlossen, durch die hindurch die verein­zelten Schrauben entweder zur Verpackung oder über die Zublasschläu­che 61 zu in Figur 6 dargestellten Schraubspindeln 60 gefördert wer­den.The metering slides have housings 39 in which pistons 40 are guided. The piston rods 41 of the pistons 40 carry head pieces 42 with bores 43. Below the bores 43, inlet hoses, not shown in FIG. 1, are connected, through which the individual screws are conveyed either for packaging or via the inlet hoses 61 to screw spindles 60 shown in FIG.

Zur Steuerung der Vereinzelungseinrichtung 3 sind in den Zangen­backen 62 der Schraubspindeln 60 Sensoren 63 z.B. Wirbelsensoren eingesetzt, die entweder das Signal "Schraube in der Zange" oder "keine Schraube in der Zange" an die Vereinzelungseinrichtung 3 abgeben.To control the separating device 3 60 sensors 63 are e.g. in the jaws 62 of the screw spindles 60 Vortex sensors are used, which either output the signal "screw in the pliers" or "no screw in the pliers" to the separating device 3.

Die Regeleinrichtung 50 (Figur 7) hat als Eingangsgröße das Signal des Sensor 20 und als Quittung die Rückmeldung der Fördertopfes 1 über dessen Betriebszustand (Ein-Aus). Das Sensorsignal durchläuft einen Signalaufbereitung 51 und eine Zeitsteuerschaltung 51 mit zwei Ausgängen. Einer der Ausgänge schaltet den Fördertopf entweder ein oder aus, der andere betätigt den Wechselschieber 12 in der Weise, daß das gerade in der Linearstrecke 2 befindliche Schienenstück 16 oder 17 ausgerückt und das andere Schienenstück 17 oder 16 in die Lücke der Linearstrecke 2 eingerückt wird.The control device 50 (FIG. 7) has the signal from the sensor 20 as the input variable and the acknowledgment of the feedback from the feed pot 1 about its operating state (on-off). The sensor signal passes through a signal processor 51 and a timing control circuit 51 with two Exits. One of the outputs either switches the feed pot on or off, the other actuates the change-over slide 12 in such a way that the rail section 16 or 17 currently in the linear section 2 is disengaged and the other rail section 17 or 16 is inserted into the gap in the linear section 2.

Claims (21)

1. Sortiereinrichtung für Befestigungsbauteile mit Köpfen, insbeson­dere Schrauben, mit einer Fördereinrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß and der als Linearstrecke (2) ausgebildeten Fördereinrichtung mehrere mechanische und elektrische Meßstationen (10, 13, 21, 22, 25), die nicht maßhaltige Bauteile erkennen sowie Auswurfeinrichtun­gen (10, 12, 3), die diese Bauteile aussondern, angeordnet sind.1. Sorting device for fastening components with heads, in particular screws, with a conveyor, characterized in that on the conveyor designed as a linear section (2), several mechanical and electrical measuring stations (10, 13, 21, 22, 25) that do not recognize dimensionally stable components as well as ejection devices (10, 12, 3) which separate these components. 2. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mechanischen Meßstationen (10, 13) den elektrischen (21, 22, 25) vorgeordnet sind.2. Sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical measuring stations (10, 13) are arranged upstream of the electrical (21, 22, 25). 3. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen Stausensor (20) der das Vorhandensein von Befestigungsbautei­len auf der Linearstrecke (2) erkennen kann und entsprechende Sig­nale an die Regeleinrichtung (50) abgibt.3. Sorting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a traffic jam sensor (20) which can detect the presence of fastening components on the linear path (2) and emits corresponding signals to the control device (50). 4. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stausensor (20) nach dem Wirbelstromprinzip arbeitet.4. Sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the traffic jam sensor (20) works according to the eddy current principle. 5. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (50) einen Signalauf­bereiter (51) und eine Zeitsteuerschaltung (52) aufweist und zwei Ausgänge, einen zur Schaltung der Schraubenzuführungseinrichtung insbesondere des Fördertopfes (1) und einen zur Betätigung einer Auswurfeinrichtung insbesondere des Wechselschiebers (12) besitzt.5. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device (50) has a signal conditioner (51) and a time control circuit (52) and two outputs, one for switching the screw feed device, in particular the feed pot (1) and one for actuating one Ejection device in particular of the interchangeable slide (12). 6. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (50) bei Auftreten eines Staus am Stausensor (20) den Fördertopf (1) abschaltet.6. Sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control device (50) switches off the feed pot (1) when a jam occurs at the jam sensor (20). 7. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (50) bei Auftreten eines Staus am Wechselschie­ber (12) diesen auslöst.7. Sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control device (50) triggers this when a jam occurs on the shuttle valve (12). 8. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (50) bei längerem Ausbleiben von Schrauben am Stausensor den Fördertopf (1) einschaltet.8. Sorting device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control device (50) switches on the conveyor pot (1) in the event of a prolonged absence of screws on the jam sensor. 9. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Schiene (6) ein Linearförderer (8) angeordnet ist, der eine Förderung der Befestigungsbauteile in Rich­tung der Vereinzelungseinrichtung (3) bewirkt.9. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a linear conveyor (8) is arranged on the rail (6), which causes the fastening components to be conveyed in the direction of the separating device (3). 10. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der mechanischen Meßstationen aus ei­nem Loch (10) in der Schiene (6) der Linearstrecke (2) besteht, das geringfügig kleiner als der Kopfdurchmesser der zu prüfenden Befe­stigungsbauteile, insbesondere der Schrauben (9) ist und durch das Bauteile mit zu kleinem Kopfdurchmesser in einen Auffangbehälter (11) fallen.10. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the mechanical measuring stations consists of a hole (10) in the rail (6) of the linear path (2), which is slightly smaller than the head diameter of the fastening components to be tested, in particular the screws (9) and fall through the components with too small head diameter into a collecting container (11). 11. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß eine weitere der mechanischen Meßstationen aus einer Schablone (13) mit einer Öffnung für die Befestigungsbau­teile besteht, die so bemessen ist, daß Bauteile mit zu hoher Kopf­höhe, zu großem Durchmesser, zu großem Schaftdurchmesser, zu langem Schaft oder sonst abweichender Außenform zurückgehalten werden.11. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that another of the mechanical measuring stations consists of a template (13) with an opening for the fastening components, which is dimensioned such that components with too high head height, too large diameter, too large Shank diameter, shaft that is too long or other deviating outer shape are retained. 12. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Förderstrecke unmittelbar vor der Schablone (13) als Auswurf­einrichtung ein Wechselschieber (12) angeordnet ist, der ein vor der Schablone (13) aufgestautes Bauteil aus der Linearstrecke (2) ent­fernt.12. Sorting device according to claim 11, characterized in that an interchangeable slide (12) is arranged in the conveyor section immediately before the template (13) as an ejection device, which removes a component pent up in front of the template (13) from the linear section (2). 13. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß eine elektrische Meßstation, der Schaft­sensor (21, 22), an der Schiene (6) im Bereich des Schaftes der in der Schiene (6) befindlichen Befestigungsbauteile, insbesondere Schrauben (9) angeordnet ist und der bei nicht maßhaltigen oder feh­lerhaften Schäften ein anderes Meßsignal abgibt, als bei einwand­freien Bauteilen.13. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrical measuring station, the shaft sensor (21, 22), on the rail (6) in the region of the shaft of the fastening components located in the rail (6), in particular screws (9) is arranged and which emits a different measurement signal in the case of dimensionally incorrect or defective shafts than in the case of perfect components. 14. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß eine weitere elektrische Meßstation, der Kopfsensor (25) oberhalb der Schiene (6) angeordnet ist und bei feh­lerhalten Bauteilköpfen ein Signal zum Aussondern dieses Bauteils abgibt.14. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further electrical measuring station, the head sensor (25) is arranged above the rail (6) and emits a signal for separating this component when component heads are faulty. 15. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 13 und/oder 14, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Sensoren (21, 22 oder 25) nach dem Wirbelstrom­prinzip arbeiten.15. Sorting device according to claim 13 and / or 14, characterized in that the sensors (21, 22 or 25) work according to the eddy current principle. 16. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß am Ende der Sortiereinrichtung eine Ver­einzelungseinrichtung (3) angeordnet ist, die maßhaltige von fehler­haften Befestigungsbauteilen trennt und an die Verpackungsvorrich­tungen oder Schraubspindeln (60) angeschlossen werden können.16. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separating device (3) is arranged at the end of the sorting device, which separates dimensionally accurate from faulty fastening components and can be connected to the packaging devices or screw spindles (60). 17. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß eines der Aufnahmeorgane der Vereinze­lungseinrichtung (3), insbesondere einer der Zuteilschieber (38) beim Erkennen von fehlerhaften Bauteilen durch die Sensoren (21, 22 oder 25) aktiviert wird, und diese aufnimmt.17. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the receiving members of the separating device (3), in particular one of the metering slide (38) when defective components are detected by the sensors (21, 22 or 25) is activated and records them. 18. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sensoren (21, 22 und 25) zusätzlich einen Zählimpuls registrieren.18. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensors (21, 22 and 25) additionally register a counting pulse. 19. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei auftreten von fehlerhaften Bauteilen am Schaftsensor (21, 22) dem Zählimpuls dieser Bauteile ein Fehlersignal zugeordnet wird.19. Sorting device according to claim 18, characterized in that when faulty components occur on the shaft sensor (21, 22) an error signal is assigned to the counting pulse of these components. 20. Sortiereinrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Steuerung vorgesehen ist, die die Zählimpulse der Sensoren (21, 22 und 25) registriert und den Zuteilschieber (38) für fehlerhafte Bauteile betätigt, wenn am Kopfsensor (25) ein Zählimpuls mit Feh­lersignal auftritt.20. Sorting device according to claim 19, characterized in that a controller is provided which registers the counting pulses of the sensors (21, 22 and 25) and actuates the metering slide (38) for defective components when a counting pulse with an error signal is present on the head sensor (25) occurs. 21. Sortiereinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Zangenbacken (62) der Schraubspin­deln (60) Sensoren (63) angeordnet sind, die beim Vorhandensein ei­ner Schraube ein anderes Signal abgeben, als wenn sich keine Schrau­be in den Zangenbacken (62) befindet.21. Sorting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the pliers jaws (62) of the screw spindles (60) sensors (63) are arranged which emit a different signal when a screw is present than when there is no screw in the pliers jaws ( 62).
EP88100738A 1987-02-28 1988-01-20 Sorting device Expired - Lifetime EP0280857B1 (en)

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DE19873706575 DE3706575A1 (en) 1987-02-28 1987-02-28 SORTING DEVICE

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008071204A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-19 Montanuniversität Leoben System and method for the defect analysis of workpieces
CN114460320A (en) * 2022-04-14 2022-05-10 深圳市帝迈生物技术有限公司 Sample analyzer and sample detection process thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0280857A3 (en) 1989-08-30
DE3706575A1 (en) 1988-09-08
EP0280857B1 (en) 1993-11-18
ES2046993T3 (en) 1994-02-16
US4905842A (en) 1990-03-06
DE3885629D1 (en) 1993-12-23

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