EP0279913A2 - Burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels - Google Patents

Burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0279913A2
EP0279913A2 EP87116550A EP87116550A EP0279913A2 EP 0279913 A2 EP0279913 A2 EP 0279913A2 EP 87116550 A EP87116550 A EP 87116550A EP 87116550 A EP87116550 A EP 87116550A EP 0279913 A2 EP0279913 A2 EP 0279913A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
air
burner
nozzles
fuel
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Granted
Application number
EP87116550A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0279913A3 (en
EP0279913B1 (en
Inventor
Hermann-Josef Janssen
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Ingenieurbureau Sonvico AG
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Ingenieurbureau Sonvico AG
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Priority to AT87116550T priority Critical patent/ATE61466T1/en
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Publication of EP0279913A3 publication Critical patent/EP0279913A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a burner is known with regard to the division of the combustion air into primary air, secondary air and tertiary air and supply of the tertiary air via a separate air box (US Pat. No. 4,347,052). This reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion. It is also known that in burners with a central oil lance and three-part air supply (DE-OS 33 27 597) flue gas is supplied to the beginning of the flame between the primary air and secondary air supply. In the known, equipped with a central fuel lance and operated with heavy oil burners can operate in narrow burner spaces, for. B. in flame tube three-pass boilers difficulties arise in the way that low-pollutant combustion can be associated with an impermissibly high solid emissions.
  • the invention has for its object to design the generic burner in such a way that the formation of nitrogen oxides can be considerably reduced, especially when burning heavy heating oil, while maintaining the specified solid ejection value.
  • the fireproof-lined chamber now has the effect that the oxidation process is largely completed, so that the intermediate products and incomplete combustion products, such as carbon monoxide, soot and hydrogen, which are initially formed are burned at the end of the chamber and that flue gas can be cooled in the heat exchanger immediately following the chamber .
  • the retaining ring at the end of the chamber swirls the combustion products and accelerates the complete burnout of the fuel.
  • the burner according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that the prescribed limit values for the emission of gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide as well as of solid pollutants are observed equally.
  • the burner contains several fuel lances, namely a central lance 1 and several, in the present case three outer satellite lances 2, which surround the central lance 1 on a pitch circle.
  • the central lance 1 and the satellite lances 2 open into a fireproof-lined chamber 4 provided with an end wall 3.
  • the fuel lances can be designed as oil lances or as gas lances for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel. All fuel lances can be moved axially.
  • This burner is designed for the low-pollutant combustion of particularly heavy heating oil in narrow fireboxes.
  • the internal mixer is used as the atomizer lance for the liquid fuel. Compressed air can be used as an atomizing agent or steam can be used.
  • the quantity distribution of the fuel is provided so that each fuel lance is evenly d. in the case of a central lance 1 and n satellite lances 2, 100 / n + 1% of the total fuel quantity is applied.
  • the fuel injection with the central lance 1 takes place via uniformly arranged nozzle bores, the spray angle being adapted to the design of the chamber 4.
  • the fuel outflow from the satellite lances 2 is provided in one direction via a plurality of nozzle bores arranged one behind the other.
  • the spray jet from the satellite lances 2 can be selected such that it is directed into the center or tangentially to any imaginary circle within the chamber 4.
  • the injection position can be shifted axially.
  • the fuel quantity is divided between the central lance 1 and the satellite lances 2 in this way, so that coke formation is avoided and the gasification of the fuel is accelerated. Due to the variable and graduated fuel injection, the local flame temperatures and the oxygen concentration are kept as low as possible, which counteracts the formation of thermal nitrogen oxide and fuel nitrogen oxide.
  • the central lance 1 is enclosed by a protective tube 5, which in turn is surrounded by two ring channels 6, 7, which are connected to a first air chamber 8.
  • the combustion air entering through the first air chamber 8 via an air inlet connection 9 is divided by the ring channels 6, 7 into an internal primary air flow and an external secondary air flow.
  • Air guiding bodies 10 are arranged in the entrance of the ring channels 6, 7, which are axially displaceable via a rear linkage and via which the pressure and speed relationships of the air flows can be mutually coordinated.
  • a control flap 11 is arranged, via which the amount of combustion air supplied to the ring channels 6, 7 is regulated.
  • a swirler 12 is attached to the outlet-side end of inner ring channel 6, which forces a swirl on the primary air flow. Additional swirl generators can be provided at the inlet end of the ring channel 7.
  • the outer ring duct 7 for guiding the secondary air is surrounded by a flue gas ring duct 13 which is connected via a flue gas chamber 14 to a separate flue gas inlet connection 15.
  • the flue gas inlet connection 15 is supplied with flue gas, which is drawn in from the boiler connected to the burner by means of a fan.
  • the flue gas enters the chamber 4 via the flue gas ring channel 13 and envelops the fuel jet of the central lance 1 and the primary air jet and the secondary air jet over a certain path length.
  • a second air chamber 16 which is used to supply a further partial flow of the combustion air as tertiary air, is connected to the air inlet connection 9, separated by the flue gas chamber 14.
  • a regulating flap 17 for regulating the amount of air entering is arranged in the entrance of the second air chamber 16.
  • a first set of air nozzles 18 is arranged, which open into the second air chamber 16 and protrude into the chamber 4 with the end that is angled or straight to the longitudinal axis of the chamber 4.
  • the outlet openings of these air nozzles 18 lie on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is smaller than the pitch circle of the satellite lance 2 and larger than the diameter of the outlet opening of the flue gas ring duct 13.
  • the outlet openings of the air nozzles 18 also lie in the flow direction of the flue gas in front of the nozzle bores of the satellite lances 2.
  • the second air chamber 16 is connected via a series of through bores 19 to an annular chamber 20 which surrounds the chamber 4. At a distance from the outlet openings of the air nozzles 18 and the nozzle bores of the satellite lances 2 are guided obliquely through the side wall of the chamber 4 further nozzles 21 which open into the annular chamber 20 and protrude into the chamber 4.
  • the outlet openings of these nozzles 21 lie on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pitch circle on which the satellite lances 2 are arranged.
  • the combustion air supplied to the second air chamber 16 is supplied to the chamber 4 as tertiary air I through the air nozzles 18 and at a distance therefrom as tertiary air II through the further nozzles 21.
  • the direction of the air jets emerging from the air nozzles 18 and the further nozzles 21 is indicated in the drawing by dash-dotted lines. It can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the tertiary air jets are directed at a spatial angle against the longitudinal axis of the chamber 4.
  • the flame tube 23 of a flame tube boiler cooled by a water jacket 22, is directly connected to the outlet end of the chamber 4.
  • the combustion products emerging from the chamber 4 are thus immediately cooled.
  • a retaining ring 24 composed of stone segments is provided.
  • the retaining ring 24 creates a constriction zone, whereby a further swirling of the combustion products is achieved and the complete burnout of the fuel is thereby accelerated.
  • the retaining ring 24 can be arranged at different points in the longitudinal direction of the chamber 4 to influence the combustion process. In the event of a shift towards the burner lances, the further nozzles 21 for blowing in the tertiary air II also lie behind the retaining ring 24 in the direction of flow of the flue gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

A burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, especially heavy heating oil. A central fuel lance is surrounded by two annular channels that supply primary and secondary combustion air. The annular channels are surrounded by several outer fuel lances that are distributed along the arc of a circle and can optionally be displaced axially and by air nozzles that convey tertiary combustion air. The object is to burn fuel at a low output of pollutants in systems with a narrow combustion space. The burner has an annular flue-gas channel between the outer annular channel and the air nozzles. The burner opens into a chamber that is jacketed in ceramic and that a heat exchanger (flame tube) extends out of. Other nozzles that convey a component of the flow of tertiary air are mounted in the wall of the chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner zum Verbrennen von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein solcher Brenner ist hinsichtlich Aufteilung der Verbrennungsluft in Primärluft, Sekundärluft und Tertiärluft sowie Zuführung der Tertiärluft über einen getrennten Luftkasten bekannt (US-PS 43 47 052). Hierdurch wird die Bildung von Stickoxiden bei der Verbrennung herabgesetzt. Ebenfalls ist bekannt, daß bei Brennern mit zentraler Öllanze und dreigeteilter Luftaufgabe (DE-OS 33 27 597) dem Flammenanfang zwischen der Primärluft- und Sekundärluftaufgabe Rauchgas zugeführt wird. Bei den bekannten, mit einer zentralen Brennstofflanze ausgerüsteten und mit Schweröl betriebenen Brennern können beim Betrieb in engen Brennerräumen, z. B. bei Flammrohr-­Dreizugkesseln Schwierigkeiten in der Weise auftreten, daß eine schadstoffarme Verbrennung mit einem unzulässig hohen Feststoffausstoß verbunden sein kann.Such a burner is known with regard to the division of the combustion air into primary air, secondary air and tertiary air and supply of the tertiary air via a separate air box (US Pat. No. 4,347,052). This reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion. It is also known that in burners with a central oil lance and three-part air supply (DE-OS 33 27 597) flue gas is supplied to the beginning of the flame between the primary air and secondary air supply. In the known, equipped with a central fuel lance and operated with heavy oil burners can operate in narrow burner spaces, for. B. in flame tube three-pass boilers difficulties arise in the way that low-pollutant combustion can be associated with an impermissibly high solid emissions.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den gattungsgemäßen Brenner derart zu gestalten, daß insbesondere bei der Verbrennung von schwerem Heizöl die Bildung von Stickoxiden bei Einhaltung des vorgegebenen Feststoffauswurfwertes erheblich gesenkt werden kann.The invention has for its object to design the generic burner in such a way that the formation of nitrogen oxides can be considerably reduced, especially when burning heavy heating oil, while maintaining the specified solid ejection value.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Brenner erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteihafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved in a generic burner according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die gestufte Zugabe der Tertiärluft und die Aufgabe des Rauchgasschleiers zwischen Sekundärluft und Tertiärluft verzögert den Verbrennungsablauf und verhindert hohe Flammentemperaturen, wodurch einer Bildung von Stickoxiden entgegengewirkt wird. Dieser für die Unterdrückung der Stickoxidbildung günstige Verbrennungsablauf erhöht jedoch die Gefahr einer unerwünschten Feststoffproduktion durch sogenannte unverbrannte C-Teile bei der Verbrennung von insbesondere schwerem Heizöl. Die feuerfest ausgekleidete Kammer bewirkt nun, daß der Oxidationsvorgang weitgehend abgeschlossen ist, so daß die zunächst entstehenden Zwischenprodukte und unvollständige Verbrennungsprodukte wie Kohlenmonoxid, Ruß und Wasserstoff am Ende der Kammer verbrannt sind und daß Rauchgas in dem sich unmittelbar an die Kammer anschließenden Wärmetauscher gekühlt werden kann. Der Stauring am Ende der Kammer bewirkt eine Verwirbelung der Verbrennungsprodukte und beschleunigt den vollständigen Ausbrand des Brennstoffes. Insbesondere bei einem Einsatz zum Verbrennen von schwerem Heizöl und für Anlagen mit engen Feuerräumen zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Brenner dadurch aus, daß die vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte für den Ausstoß an gasförmigen Schadstoffen wie Stickoxid und Kohlenmonoxid sowie an festen Schadstoffen gleichermaßen eingehalten werden.The gradual addition of the tertiary air and the abandonment of the flue gas curtain between the secondary air and the tertiary air delay the combustion process and prevent high flame temperatures, which counteracts the formation of nitrogen oxides. However, this combustion process, which is favorable for the suppression of nitrogen oxide formation, increases the risk of undesired solid production due to so-called unburned C-parts in the Burning heavy fuel oil in particular. The fireproof-lined chamber now has the effect that the oxidation process is largely completed, so that the intermediate products and incomplete combustion products, such as carbon monoxide, soot and hydrogen, which are initially formed are burned at the end of the chamber and that flue gas can be cooled in the heat exchanger immediately following the chamber . The retaining ring at the end of the chamber swirls the combustion products and accelerates the complete burnout of the fuel. Particularly when used for burning heavy heating oil and for systems with narrow combustion chambers, the burner according to the invention is distinguished by the fact that the prescribed limit values for the emission of gaseous pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide as well as of solid pollutants are observed equally.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Brenner gemäß der Erfindung
    und
  • Fig. 2 den Schnitt II-II nach Fig. 1.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner according to the invention
    and
  • 2 shows the section II-II of FIG. 1st

Der Brenner enthält mehrere Brennstofflanzen, und zwar eine Zentrallanze 1 und mehrere, im vorliegenden Fall drei äußere Satellitenlanzen 2, die auf einem Teilkreis die Zentrallanze 1 umgeben. Die Zentrallanze 1 und die Satellitenlanzen 2 münden in eine feuerfest ausgekleidete und mit einer Stirnwand 3 versehene Kammer 4. Die Brennstofflanzen können als Öllanzen oder als Gaslanzen zur Verbrennung von flüssigem oder gasförmigem Brennstoff ausgelegt werden. Alle Brennstofflanzen können axial verschoben werden.The burner contains several fuel lances, namely a central lance 1 and several, in the present case three outer satellite lances 2, which surround the central lance 1 on a pitch circle. The central lance 1 and the satellite lances 2 open into a fireproof-lined chamber 4 provided with an end wall 3. The fuel lances can be designed as oil lances or as gas lances for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel. All fuel lances can be moved axially.

Dieser Brenner ist auf die schadstoffarme Verfeuerung von insbesondere schwerem Heizöl auf engen Feuerräumen abgestimmt. Als Zerstäuberlanze für den flüssigen Brennstoff kommt der Innenmischer zum Einsatz. Als Zerstäubungsmittel kann Preßluft oder Dampf verwendet werden. Die Mengenaufteilung des Brennstoffes ist so vorgesehen, daß jede Brennstofflanze gleichmäßig d h. bei einer Zentrallanze 1 und n Satellitenlanzen 2 mit je 100/n+1 % der gesamten Brennstoffmenge beaufschlagt wird. Die Brennstoffeindüsung mit der Zentrallanze 1 erfolgt über gleichmäßig angeordnete Düsenbohrungen, wobei der Sprühwinkel der Ausführung der Kammer 4 angepaßt wird. Die Brennstoffausströmung der Satellitenlanzen 2 ist in einer Richtung über mehrere hintereinander angeordnete Düsenbohrungen vorgesehen. Der Sprühstrahl der Satellitenlanzen 2 kann so gewählt werden, daß dieser ins Zentrum oder aber tangential auf irgendeinen gedachten Kreis innerhalb der Kammer 4 gerichtet ist. Außerdem kann die Eindüsungsposition axial verschoben werden. Die Aufteilung der Brennstoffmenge auf die Zentrallanze 1 und die Satellitenlanzen 2 erfolgt in dieser Weise, damit eine Koksbildung vermieden sowie die Vergasung des Brennstoffes beschleunigt wird. Durch die variable und gestufte Brennstoffeindüsung werden die örtlichen Flammentemperaturen sowie die Sauerstoffkonzentration so niedrig wie möglich gehalten, was der Bildung von thermischem Stickoxid und Brennstoff-Stickoxid entgegenwirkt.This burner is designed for the low-pollutant combustion of particularly heavy heating oil in narrow fireboxes. The internal mixer is used as the atomizer lance for the liquid fuel. Compressed air can be used as an atomizing agent or steam can be used. The quantity distribution of the fuel is provided so that each fuel lance is evenly d. in the case of a central lance 1 and n satellite lances 2, 100 / n + 1% of the total fuel quantity is applied. The fuel injection with the central lance 1 takes place via uniformly arranged nozzle bores, the spray angle being adapted to the design of the chamber 4. The fuel outflow from the satellite lances 2 is provided in one direction via a plurality of nozzle bores arranged one behind the other. The spray jet from the satellite lances 2 can be selected such that it is directed into the center or tangentially to any imaginary circle within the chamber 4. In addition, the injection position can be shifted axially. The fuel quantity is divided between the central lance 1 and the satellite lances 2 in this way, so that coke formation is avoided and the gasification of the fuel is accelerated. Due to the variable and graduated fuel injection, the local flame temperatures and the oxygen concentration are kept as low as possible, which counteracts the formation of thermal nitrogen oxide and fuel nitrogen oxide.

Die Zentrallanze 1 ist von einem Schutzrohr 5 umschlossen, das wiederum von zwei Ringkanälen 6, 7 umgeben ist, die mit einer ersten Luftkammer 8 in Verbindung stehen. Die durch die erste Luftkammer 8 über einen Lufteintrittsstutzen 9 eintretende Verbrennungsluft wird durch die Ringkanäle 6, 7 in einen innenliegenden Primärluftstrom und einen außenliegenden Sekundärluftstrom aufgeteilt. Im Eingang der Ringkanäle 6, 7 sind Luftleitkörper 10 angeordnet, die über ein rückwärtiges Gestänge axial verschiebbar sind und über die eine gegenseitige Abstimmung der Pressungs- und Geschwindigkeitsververhältnisse der Luftströme vorgenommen werden kann. Im Eingang des Luftkastens 88 ist eine Regelklappe 11 angeordnet, über die die Menge der den Ringkanälen 6, 7 zugeführten Verbrennungsluft geregelt wird. Auf dem die Zentrallanze 1 umgebenden Schutzrohr 5 ist am austrittsseitigen Ende des inneren Ringkanals 6 ein Swirler 12 befestigt, der dem Primärluftstrom einen Drall aufzwingt. Weitere Drallerzeuger können am eintrittsseitigen Ende des Ringkanals 7 vorgesehen werden.The central lance 1 is enclosed by a protective tube 5, which in turn is surrounded by two ring channels 6, 7, which are connected to a first air chamber 8. The combustion air entering through the first air chamber 8 via an air inlet connection 9 is divided by the ring channels 6, 7 into an internal primary air flow and an external secondary air flow. Air guiding bodies 10 are arranged in the entrance of the ring channels 6, 7, which are axially displaceable via a rear linkage and via which the pressure and speed relationships of the air flows can be mutually coordinated. In the entrance of the air box 88, a control flap 11 is arranged, via which the amount of combustion air supplied to the ring channels 6, 7 is regulated. On which the Protective tube 5 surrounding central lance 1, a swirler 12 is attached to the outlet-side end of inner ring channel 6, which forces a swirl on the primary air flow. Additional swirl generators can be provided at the inlet end of the ring channel 7.

Der äußere Ringkanal 7 zur Führung der Sekundärluft ist von einem Rauchgasringkanal 13 umgeben, der über eine Rauchgaskammer 14 mit einem separaten Rauchgaseintrittsstutzen 15 verbunden ist. Dem Rauchgaseintrittsstutzen 15 wird Rauchgas zugeführt, das mittels eines Gebläses aus dem an den Brenner angeschlossenen Kessel angesaugt wird. Über den Rauchgasringkanal 13 tritt das Rauchgas in die Kammer 4 ein und umhüllt über eine gewisse Weglänge den Brennstoffstrahl der Zentrallanze 1 und den Primärluftstrahl und den Sekundärluftstrahl.The outer ring duct 7 for guiding the secondary air is surrounded by a flue gas ring duct 13 which is connected via a flue gas chamber 14 to a separate flue gas inlet connection 15. The flue gas inlet connection 15 is supplied with flue gas, which is drawn in from the boiler connected to the burner by means of a fan. The flue gas enters the chamber 4 via the flue gas ring channel 13 and envelops the fuel jet of the central lance 1 and the primary air jet and the secondary air jet over a certain path length.

Mit dem Lufteintrittsstutzen 9 ist, getrennt durch die Rauchgaskammer 14, eine zweite Luftkammer 16 verbunden, die der Zuführung eines weiteren Teilstromes der Verbrennungsluft als Tertiärluft dient. Im Eingang der zweiten Luftkammer 16 ist eine Regelklappe 17 zur Regelung der eintretenden Luftmenge angeordnet. In der Stirnwand 3 der Kammer 4 ist ein erster Satz von Luftdüsen 18 angeordnet, die in die zweite Luftkammer 16 münden und mit dem zur Längsachse der Kammer 4 abgewinkelten oder geraden Ende in die Kammer 4 hineinragen. Die Austrittsöffnungen dieser Luftdüsen 18 liegen auf einem Teilkreis, dessen Durchmesser geringer ist als der Teilkreis der Satellitenlanze 2 und größer ist als der Durchmesser der Austrittsöffnung des Rauchgasringkanales 13. Die Austrittsöffnungen der Luftdüsen 18 liegen ferner in Strömungsrichtung des Rauchgases vor den Düsenbohrungen der Satellitenlanzen 2.A second air chamber 16, which is used to supply a further partial flow of the combustion air as tertiary air, is connected to the air inlet connection 9, separated by the flue gas chamber 14. A regulating flap 17 for regulating the amount of air entering is arranged in the entrance of the second air chamber 16. In the end wall 3 of the chamber 4, a first set of air nozzles 18 is arranged, which open into the second air chamber 16 and protrude into the chamber 4 with the end that is angled or straight to the longitudinal axis of the chamber 4. The outlet openings of these air nozzles 18 lie on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is smaller than the pitch circle of the satellite lance 2 and larger than the diameter of the outlet opening of the flue gas ring duct 13. The outlet openings of the air nozzles 18 also lie in the flow direction of the flue gas in front of the nozzle bores of the satellite lances 2.

Die zweite Luftkammer 16 ist über eine Reihe von Durchtrittsbohrungen 19 mit einer Ringkammer 20 verbunden, die die Kammer 4 umschließt. In einem Abstand von den Austrittsöffnungen der Luftdüsen 18 und den Düsenbohrungen der Satellitenlanzen 2 sind schräg durch die Seitenwand der Kammer 4 weitere Düsen 21 geführt, die in die Ringkammer 20 münden und in die Kammer 4 hineinragen. Die Austrittsöffnungen dieser Düsen 21 liegen auf einem Teilkreis, dessen Durchmesser größer ist als der Durchmesser des Teilkreises, auf dem die Satellitenlanzen 2 angeordnet sind. Die der zweiten Luftkammer 16 zugeführte Verbrennungsluft wird der Kammer 4 als Tertiärluft I durch die Luftdüsen 18 und in einem Abstand davon als Tertiärluft II durch die weiteren Düsen 21 zugeführt. Die Richtung der aus den Luftdüsen 18 und den weiteren Düsen 21 austretenden Luftstrahlen ist in der Zeichnung durch strichpunktierte Linien angedeutet. Man erkennt aus den Fig. 1 und 2, daß die Tertiärluftstrahlen unter einem räumlichen Winkel gegen die Längsachse der Kammer 4 gerichtet sind.The second air chamber 16 is connected via a series of through bores 19 to an annular chamber 20 which surrounds the chamber 4. At a distance from the outlet openings of the air nozzles 18 and the nozzle bores of the satellite lances 2 are guided obliquely through the side wall of the chamber 4 further nozzles 21 which open into the annular chamber 20 and protrude into the chamber 4. The outlet openings of these nozzles 21 lie on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pitch circle on which the satellite lances 2 are arranged. The combustion air supplied to the second air chamber 16 is supplied to the chamber 4 as tertiary air I through the air nozzles 18 and at a distance therefrom as tertiary air II through the further nozzles 21. The direction of the air jets emerging from the air nozzles 18 and the further nozzles 21 is indicated in the drawing by dash-dotted lines. It can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the tertiary air jets are directed at a spatial angle against the longitudinal axis of the chamber 4.

Durch die in die Kammer 4 gestuft zugeführten Brennstoff- und Luftmengen wird in Verbindung mit dem eingebrachten Rauchgas eine verzögerte Verbrennung unter Vermeidung von hohen Flammentemperaturen erreicht. Die feuerfeste Auskleidung der Kammern 4 verringert bei diesem Verbrennungsablauf einen Wärmeabfluß nach außen, so daß am Ende der Kammer 4 die Verbrennung weitgehend abgeschlossen ist.Due to the fuel and air quantities fed into the chamber 4 in stages, a delayed combustion is achieved in connection with the introduced flue gas while avoiding high flame temperatures. The fireproof lining of the chambers 4 reduces heat flow to the outside in this combustion process, so that the combustion is largely completed at the end of the chamber 4.

An das Austrittsende der Kammer 4 ist unmittelbar das durch einen Wassermantel 22 gekühlte Flammrohr 23 eines Flammrohrkessels angeschlossen. Die aus der Kammer 4 austretenden Verbrennungsprodukte werden somit unmittelbar anschließend gekühlt.The flame tube 23 of a flame tube boiler, cooled by a water jacket 22, is directly connected to the outlet end of the chamber 4. The combustion products emerging from the chamber 4 are thus immediately cooled.

Am Austrittsende der feuerfest ausgekleideten Kammer 4 ist ein aus Steinsegmenten zusammengesetzter Stauring 24 vorgesehen. Der Stauring 24 erzeugt eine Einschnürzone, wodurch eine weitere Verwirbelung der Verbrennungsprodukte erreicht und dadurch der vollständige Ausbrand des Brennstoffes beschleunigt wird. Der Stauring 24 kann zur Einflußnahme auf den Verbrennungsvorgang in Längsrichtung der Kammer 4 an unterschiedlichen Stellen angeordnet werden. Bei einer Verschiebung auf die Brennerlanzen zu, können die weiteren Düsen 21 zum Einblasen der Tertiärluft II auch in Strömungsrichtung des Rauchgases hinter dem Stauring 24 liegen.At the outlet end of the fireproof-lined chamber 4, a retaining ring 24 composed of stone segments is provided. The retaining ring 24 creates a constriction zone, whereby a further swirling of the combustion products is achieved and the complete burnout of the fuel is thereby accelerated. The retaining ring 24 can be arranged at different points in the longitudinal direction of the chamber 4 to influence the combustion process. In the event of a shift towards the burner lances, the further nozzles 21 for blowing in the tertiary air II also lie behind the retaining ring 24 in the direction of flow of the flue gas.

Durch die Luftkammern 8, 18 und die Rauchgaskammer 14 sind zueinander versetzt Rohre 25 geführt, von denen nur eines gezeigt ist. Diese Rohre 25 nehmen einen Gaszündbrenner oder eine Flammenüberwachung auf, oder dienen als Schauöffnung. Weitere Schauöffnungen 26 münden in die Kammer 4.Through the air chambers 8, 18 and the flue gas chamber 14 pipes 25 are guided offset to one another, only one of which is shown. These tubes 25 receive a gas pilot burner or a flame monitor, or serve as a viewing opening. Further viewing openings 26 open into chamber 4.

Claims (8)

1. Brenner zum Verbrennen von flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen, insbesondere von schwerem Heizöl, bei dem eine zentrale Brennstofflanze (1) von zwei Ringkanälen (6, 7) zur Führung von primärer und sekundärer Verbrennungsluft umgeben ist und die Ringkanäle (6, 7) von mehreren auf einem Teilkreis liegenden äußeren, gegebenenfalls axial verschiebbaren Brennstofflanzen (2) und von Luftdüsen (18) zur Führung von tertiärer Verbrennungsluft umgeben sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem äußeren Ringkanal (6) und den Luftdüsen (18) ein Rauchgasringkanal (13) angeordnet ist, daß der Brenner in eine keramisch ausgekleidete Kammer (4) mündet, an die sich ein Wärmetauscher (Flammrohr 23) anschließt und daß in der Wand der Kammer (4) weitere Düsen (21) zur Führung eines Teilstromes der tertiären Verbrennungsluft angeordnet sind.1. Burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, in particular heavy fuel oil, in which a central fuel lance (1) is surrounded by two ring channels (6, 7) for guiding primary and secondary combustion air and the ring channels (6, 7) by a plurality of outer, possibly axially displaceable fuel lances (2) lying on a pitch circle and surrounded by air nozzles (18) for guiding tertiary combustion air, characterized in that a flue gas ring duct (13) is located between the outer ring duct (6) and the air nozzles (18) is arranged that the burner opens into a ceramic-lined chamber (4) to which a heat exchanger (flame tube 23) is connected and that further nozzles (21) for guiding a partial flow of the tertiary combustion air are arranged in the wall of the chamber (4) . 2. Brenner nach Anspruch I, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu verfeuernde Brennstoff auf die zentrale Brennstofflanze (1) sowie auf die äußeren Brennstofflanzen (2) verteilt wird.2. Burner according to claim I, characterized in that the fuel to be burned is distributed to the central fuel lance (1) and to the outer fuel lances (2). 3. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren Brennstofflanzen (2) mit Düsenbohrungen versehen sind, die zum Inneren der Kammer (4) weisen.3. Burner according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the outer fuel lances (2) are provided with nozzle bores which face the interior of the chamber (4). 4. Brenner nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren Brennstofflanzen (2) auf einem Teilkreis angeordnet sind, dessen Durchmesser größer ist als der Durchmesser, auf dem die Austrittsöffnungen der Luftdüsen (18) und kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Teilkreises, auf dem die Austrittsöffnungen der weiteren Düsen (21) liegen.4. Burner according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer fuel lances (2) are arranged on a pitch circle, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter on which the outlet openings of the air nozzles (18) and smaller than the diameter of the Pitch circle on which the outlet openings of the further nozzles (21) lie. 5. Brenner nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Innenwand der Kammer (4) ein Stauring (24) anliegt.5. Burner according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on the inner wall of the chamber (4) abuts a baffle ring (24). 6. Brenner nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stauring (24) am Ende der Kammer (4) angeordnet ist.6. Burner according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the retaining ring (24) is arranged at the end of the chamber (4). 7. Brenner nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die weiteren Düsen (21) auf der dem Brenner abgewandten Seite des Stauringes (24) angeordnet sind.7. Burner according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the further nozzles (21) are arranged on the side of the baffle ring (24) facing away from the burner. 8. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die aus den Düsen (18, 21) austretenden Luftstrahlen unter einem räumlichen Winkel gegen die Längsachse der Kammer (4) gerichtet sind.8. Burner according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the air jets emerging from the nozzles (18, 21) are directed at a spatial angle against the longitudinal axis of the chamber (4).
EP87116550A 1987-02-26 1987-11-10 Burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels Expired - Lifetime EP0279913B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87116550T ATE61466T1 (en) 1987-02-26 1987-11-10 BURNER FOR BURNING LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873706234 DE3706234A1 (en) 1987-02-26 1987-02-26 BURNER FOR BURNING LIQUID OR GASEOUS FUELS
DE3706234 1987-02-26

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EP0279913A2 true EP0279913A2 (en) 1988-08-31
EP0279913A3 EP0279913A3 (en) 1989-05-03
EP0279913B1 EP0279913B1 (en) 1991-03-06

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EP87116550A Expired - Lifetime EP0279913B1 (en) 1987-02-26 1987-11-10 Burner for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels

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US (1) US4815966A (en)
EP (1) EP0279913B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63226515A (en)
AT (1) ATE61466T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3706234A1 (en)
DK (1) DK165138C (en)
ES (1) ES2020544B3 (en)

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FR2772887A1 (en) 1997-12-24 1999-06-25 Pillard Chauffage LOW-EMISSION NITROGEN OXIDE BURNER WITH RECYCLED GAS CIRCUIT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0279913A3 (en) 1989-05-03
DE3706234A1 (en) 1988-09-08
DK165138B (en) 1992-10-12
DK78088A (en) 1988-08-27
ATE61466T1 (en) 1991-03-15
DK165138C (en) 1993-02-22
DK78088D0 (en) 1988-02-16
ES2020544B3 (en) 1991-08-16
EP0279913B1 (en) 1991-03-06
US4815966A (en) 1989-03-28
DE3706234C2 (en) 1989-06-01
DE3768486D1 (en) 1991-04-11
JPS63226515A (en) 1988-09-21

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