EP0279904A2 - Corps céramique en forme de tuyau - Google Patents

Corps céramique en forme de tuyau Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0279904A2
EP0279904A2 EP87114707A EP87114707A EP0279904A2 EP 0279904 A2 EP0279904 A2 EP 0279904A2 EP 87114707 A EP87114707 A EP 87114707A EP 87114707 A EP87114707 A EP 87114707A EP 0279904 A2 EP0279904 A2 EP 0279904A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic body
pipe sections
pipe
tubular ceramic
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87114707A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0279904B1 (fr
EP0279904A3 (en
Inventor
Dieter Dr. Fingerle
Wolf-Dieter Gundel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerasiv GmbH Innovatives Keramik Engineering
Original Assignee
Feldmuehle AG
Cerasiv GmbH Innovatives Keramik Engineering
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Feldmuehle AG, Cerasiv GmbH Innovatives Keramik Engineering filed Critical Feldmuehle AG
Priority to AT87114707T priority Critical patent/ATE70897T1/de
Publication of EP0279904A2 publication Critical patent/EP0279904A2/fr
Publication of EP0279904A3 publication Critical patent/EP0279904A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0279904B1 publication Critical patent/EP0279904B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tubular ceramic body according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a tubular ceramic body in the form of a pants-shaped tube is known from DE-C 33 46 394.
  • a connection is provided to support the two pipe sections, which is intended to provide sufficient resistance to the pressures which occur when the ceramic body is poured into the cylinder head.
  • the connection should consist of zirconium oxide applied by means of plasma spraying, while the ceramic tube itself should consist of tialite (aluminum titanate).
  • the disadvantage of this known ceramic tube is the formation of the ceramic tube and connection from different materials with very different thermal expansion coefficients and modulus of elasticity. This creates temperature-related stresses - especially when pouring - but also during operation different thermally induced stresses in the elements made of different materials known ceramic body. There is therefore a risk of crack formation in the entire ceramic body, but in particular on the contact surfaces of the two materials. Stress peaks in the ceramic but also in the cast material are to be expected as further disadvantages, which can occur when the melt cools down in connection with the strongly different deformation behavior of the different materials (modulus of elasticity).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tubular ceramic body with two separately running pipe sections which merge into a single piece of pipe, which opposes an increased resistance to the pressure forces of the molten metal occurring when the ceramic pipe is poured in, in particular between the pipe sections.
  • the ceramic body - including the ceramic arranged between the individual pipe sections - has a uniform and homogeneous structure made of a uniform raw material composition, has approximately the same density and porosity everywhere and is produced by molding from a slip casting compound and in a single sintering process.
  • the advantages of the invention consist, inter alia, in that, as a result of the one-piece design of the ceramic body, a tubular body is formed from a uniform material and requires only a single sintering process.
  • the disadvantages known from the prior art of a low bond strength between the individual pipe sections and the connection between them are also avoided in this way like the previously existing disadvantage of insufficient component strength of a ceramic tube with tube sections that have constant wall thicknesses everywhere.
  • the ceramic body has the same range of properties everywhere due to its one-piece design, i.e. has, for example, almost the same thermal expansion coefficient and almost the same modulus of elasticity at all points and, as a result, no different stress states - neither in the ceramic body itself nor in the metal casting that envelops the ceramic body.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment relates to the formation of the ceramic tube from aluminum titanate.
  • this material has a considerably lower strength than other ceramic materials, such as zirconium oxide, it has already been proposed for the formation of tubular ceramic bodies in exhaust gas lines because it has a low coefficient of linear expansion and has excellent thermal insulation properties.
  • difficulties repeatedly occurred because damage to the ceramic tube occurred, in particular when casting with metals and especially when casting with ferrous metals.
  • a wall thickness of the common wall has proven to be suitable, which is 0.8 to 6 cm, preferably 1 to 2 cm, measured on an imaginary one Line between the two centers of the inlet openings of the pipe sections.
  • the structure of the common wall lying between the two pipe sections can be used in an outstanding manner as a supporting function when lateral pressure forces act on the outer walls of the pipe sections.
  • valve-side end face lying in the area of the inlet openings of the two pipe sections is preferably oval, because this avoids the occurrence of stress peaks in the metal and in the ceramic as a result of the homogeneous transitions from thick to thin places. There are also no material accumulations in the cast, so that no locally different cooling zones occur during cooling.
  • valve-side can be designed End surface with a cross section in the form of an eight. It is preferred if the web thickness - measured perpendicular to an imaginary line that runs through the center points of the inlet openings of the two pipe sections - corresponds at its narrowest point to approximately half the inside diameter of the inlet openings of the two pipe sections.
  • the outer contours of the individual sections of the ceramic tube should merge harmoniously.
  • Bores for the use of valve guides can already be provided in the manufacture of the ceramic body according to the invention, but alternatively, such bores can also be made subsequently on the already cast-in ceramic body.
  • the tubular ceramic body can be designed as a so-called downpipe, so that the common wall of the two pipe sections has a wall thickness that decreases in the direction of the transition area of the pipe sections into the pipe section.
  • the pipe sections run largely parallel and the common wall has an almost constant wall thickness.
  • the last form described is used when the exhaust valves are arranged side by side in a cylinder.
  • the former form is used when the exhaust valves are in series are arranged, each seen in the direction of the engine block.
  • the ceramic tube (1) shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 consists of the two tube sections (2, 3) and the tube section (4).
  • the pipe sections (2, 3) form the shape of a pair of pants and unite in the transition area (9) to form the pipe section (4).
  • holes (7, 8) are provided for the use of valve guides.
  • the pipe sections (2, 3) are curved at an angle ⁇ determined by the shape of the cylinder head (FIG. 4).
  • the pipe sections (2, 3) have equally thick outer walls (5) with the thickness S1.
  • the pipe section (4) is also of the same wall thickness S1.
  • a common wall (6) is arranged between the two pipe sections (2, 3) and has a maximum wall thickness S2 in the area of the inlet openings (10, 10a) of the pipe sections (2, 3). The pressure forces that occur due to the casting are indicated by the arrow P in FIG.
  • the area surrounding the inlet openings (10, 10a) forms the end face F on the valve side and is of oval shape in cross section (FIG. 6).
  • incisions E1, E2 are made between the inlet openings (10, 10a) of the pipe sections (2, 3) so that the outer walls (5) the pipe sections (2,3) are cut into an eight and the valve-side end face F ⁇ has the shape of an eight.
  • the web thickness S3 corresponds to approximately half the value of the inside diameter of the inlet openings (10, 10a).
  • the tubular ceramic body (1 ⁇ ) shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 has parallel pipe sections (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ ) which open into the pipe section (4 ⁇ ) in the transition area (9 ⁇ ).
  • the pipe sections (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ ) are connected by a common wall (6 ⁇ ) with the wall thickness S2 ⁇ , the wall (6 ⁇ ) from the area of the inlet openings (10 ⁇ , 10a ⁇ ) to the transition area (9 ⁇ ) being of constant wall thickness.
  • the outer walls (5 ⁇ ) of the pipe sections (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ ) and the pipe section (4 ⁇ ) have a constant wall thickness S1 ⁇ .
  • the valve-side end face F ⁇ is kidney-shaped in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a ceramic body (1).
  • This essentially corresponds to Embodiment of the example described for Figures 1 to 7.
  • the common wall (6) is not continuous in the area of the inlet openings (10, 10a).
  • the pipe sections (2, 3) have inner walls (5 ⁇ ) which are formed with a thickness S1 ⁇ corresponding to the wall thickness S1 of the outer walls (5).
  • the two pipe sections (2, 3) do not have a common wall in the area of the inlet openings (10, 10 a), but are designed here with a wall thickness S1 ⁇ corresponding to the wall thickness S1 of the outer wall (5).
  • the inner walls (5 ⁇ ) then merge into the common wall (6) first with increasing wall thickness and then in the direction of the transition area (9).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
EP87114707A 1987-02-26 1987-10-08 Corps céramique en forme de tuyau Expired - Lifetime EP0279904B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87114707T ATE70897T1 (de) 1987-02-26 1987-10-08 Rohrfoermig ausgebildeter keramikkoerper.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3706208A DE3706208C1 (de) 1987-02-26 1987-02-26 Rohrfoermig ausgebildeter Keramikkoerper
DE3706208 1987-02-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0279904A2 true EP0279904A2 (fr) 1988-08-31
EP0279904A3 EP0279904A3 (en) 1989-08-30
EP0279904B1 EP0279904B1 (fr) 1991-12-27

Family

ID=6321829

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87114707A Expired - Lifetime EP0279904B1 (fr) 1987-02-26 1987-10-08 Corps céramique en forme de tuyau

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4840154A (fr)
EP (1) EP0279904B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63215859A (fr)
AT (1) ATE70897T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3706208C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2028843T3 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0285312A2 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-10-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Insert en matériau céramique pour coulage et revêtement céramique de tuyaux d'échappement
US5260116A (en) * 1987-03-24 1993-11-09 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramicm port liners
GB2269633A (en) * 1989-05-18 1994-02-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd Exhaust passage for an internal combustion engine
GB2231921B (en) * 1989-05-18 1994-05-04 Honda Motor Co Ltd Exhaust passage for an internal combustion engine
DE102007026123A1 (de) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Volkswagen Ag Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0312322B1 (fr) * 1987-10-13 1994-03-09 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Procédé pour la fabrication d'articles creux en céramique
US5638779A (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-06-17 Northrop Grumman Corporation High-efficiency, low-pollution engine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4346556A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-08-31 General Motors Corporation Insulating engine exhaust port liner
DE3346394C2 (de) * 1983-12-22 1986-09-04 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5587838A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-07-03 Komatsu Ltd Manufacturing method of heat-insulated exhaust port
JPS58190537A (ja) * 1982-04-30 1983-11-07 Hino Motors Ltd シリンダの排気装置
JPS6032964A (ja) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-20 Hitachi Metals Ltd 排気ポ−トライナ−の製造方法
US4508066A (en) * 1983-12-27 1985-04-02 Ford Motor Company Ceramic head for internal combustion engine
US4781157A (en) * 1987-12-24 1988-11-01 Ford Motor Company Multipart ceramic cylinder head

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4346556A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-08-31 General Motors Corporation Insulating engine exhaust port liner
DE3346394C2 (de) * 1983-12-22 1986-09-04 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Hohler, rohrartiger Keramikkörper

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0285312A2 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1988-10-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Insert en matériau céramique pour coulage et revêtement céramique de tuyaux d'échappement
EP0285312A3 (en) * 1987-03-24 1989-03-22 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic materials to be insert-cast and ceramic port liners
EP0437302A2 (fr) * 1987-03-24 1991-07-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Revêtement céramique pour des conduits
EP0437302A3 (en) * 1987-03-24 1991-08-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic port liners
US5055435A (en) * 1987-03-24 1991-10-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramic materials to be insert-cast
US5260116A (en) * 1987-03-24 1993-11-09 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Ceramicm port liners
GB2269633A (en) * 1989-05-18 1994-02-16 Honda Motor Co Ltd Exhaust passage for an internal combustion engine
GB2269633B (en) * 1989-05-18 1994-05-04 Honda Motor Co Ltd Exhaust passage for an internal combustion engine
GB2231921B (en) * 1989-05-18 1994-05-04 Honda Motor Co Ltd Exhaust passage for an internal combustion engine
DE102007026123A1 (de) * 2007-06-05 2008-12-11 Volkswagen Ag Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102007026123B4 (de) * 2007-06-05 2017-12-21 Volkswagen Ag Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4840154A (en) 1989-06-20
EP0279904B1 (fr) 1991-12-27
ES2028843T3 (es) 1992-07-16
DE3775545D1 (de) 1992-02-06
ATE70897T1 (de) 1992-01-15
JPS63215859A (ja) 1988-09-08
DE3706208C1 (de) 1987-10-22
EP0279904A3 (en) 1989-08-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2049315B1 (fr) Tige d'éjection pour un moule et procédé de fabrication d'une telle tige d'éjection
DD232539B5 (de) Rostbodenelement zum Aufbau einer Rostflaeche
EP0405156A1 (fr) Poussoir de soupape en forme de godet
EP0279904B1 (fr) Corps céramique en forme de tuyau
DE3817369A1 (de) Verfahren zur formung einer balligen gleitflaeche in einem mechanischen teil
DE19849814A1 (de) Wasserstrahldüse in Wasserstrahlschneidköpfen
DE10115263A1 (de) Hydraulikkolben mit geschlossenem Hohlraum und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE3346394A1 (de) Hohler, rohrartiger keramikkoerper
DE102008048147A1 (de) Fluiddurchgangsstruktur und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür
EP3582910B1 (fr) Procédé de laminage de type à clavette transversale de soupapes à disque
DE2303699A1 (de) Fluessigkeitsgekuehltes auslassventil fuer eine brennkraftmaschine und herstellungsverfahren
DE60201539T3 (de) Stopfenstange
DE10349446B4 (de) Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer Fläche eines Zylinders und Zylinder mit dieser Beschichtung
EP2037088A1 (fr) Bielle
DE102005060432A1 (de) Spülkegel
DE1905995A1 (de) Giesspfannenausguss,insbesondere fuer das Stahlstranggiessen
DE1937322C3 (de) Verbundkörper aus einer Metallplatte und einer nichtmetallischen Verkleidung, insbesondere für Förderschurren und Förderbecher
WO1999016564A1 (fr) Tube pour lingotiere de coulee continue d'aciers, notamment d'aciers peritectiques
DE3117408C1 (de) Giessform mit Speiserkanal zum Giessen von Metallen,insbesondere zum Niederdruckgiessen
DE3325716C2 (de) Gießdüsen-Mundstück für Stahlschmelze verarbeitende Stranggießkokillen mit in Gießrichtung mitlaufenden Kokillenwänden
DE4403745C1 (de) Mundstück zum Strangpressen keramischer Erzeugnisse
DE10240491A1 (de) Feuerfestes keramisches Tauchrohr
DE10034946B4 (de) Schmelzensteigrohr für flüssiges Metall
EP1270121A2 (fr) Fraise-mère
DE895713C (de) Fasshahn mit Abdichtvorrichtung und auswechselbarem Kork

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

RHK1 Main classification (correction)

Ipc: F02F 1/42

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19891110

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900828

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 70897

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19920115

Kind code of ref document: T

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO INGG. FISCHETTI & WEBER

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3775545

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920206

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PUE

Owner name: CERASIV GMBH INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Free format text: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

NLT2 Nl: modifications (of names), taken from the european patent patent bulletin

Owner name: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT TE DUESSELDORF

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: CERASIV GMBH INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19920921

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19920924

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 19921002

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19921006

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19921027

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19921030

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19921031

Year of fee payment: 6

ITPR It: changes in ownership of a european patent

Owner name: CESSIONE;CERASIV GMBH INNOVATIVE KERAMIK - ENGINEE

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19921110

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CA

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19921203

Year of fee payment: 6

26N No opposition filed
BECA Be: change of holder's address

Free format text: 920604 *CERASIV G.M.B.H. INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING:MUENCHENWERTHER STRASSE 15, D-4000 DUESSELDORF

BECH Be: change of holder

Free format text: 920604 *CERASIV G.M.B.H. INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Free format text: CERASIV GMBH INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING

NLT1 Nl: modifications of names registered in virtue of documents presented to the patent office pursuant to art. 16 a, paragraph 1

Owner name: STORA FELDMUEHLE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT TE DUESSELDORF

NLS Nl: assignments of ep-patents

Owner name: CERASIV GMBH INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING TE DU

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: PC2A

Owner name: CERASIV GMBH INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19931008

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19931008

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19931009

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 19931009

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19931031

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19931031

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19931031

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: CERASIV G.M.B.H. INNOVATIVES KERAMIK-ENGINEERING

Effective date: 19931031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19940501

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19931008

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19940630

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19940701

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 87114707.0

Effective date: 19940510

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19990601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051008