EP0279873B1 - Phase-shifter - Google Patents

Phase-shifter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0279873B1
EP0279873B1 EP87102471A EP87102471A EP0279873B1 EP 0279873 B1 EP0279873 B1 EP 0279873B1 EP 87102471 A EP87102471 A EP 87102471A EP 87102471 A EP87102471 A EP 87102471A EP 0279873 B1 EP0279873 B1 EP 0279873B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
ferromagnetic
rods
phase shifter
high frequency
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EP87102471A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0279873A1 (en
Inventor
Günter Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Mörz
Erich Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Pivit
Sigmund Dipl.-Ing. Lenz
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Bosch Telecom GmbH
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ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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Priority to EP87102471A priority Critical patent/EP0279873B1/en
Priority to DE8787102471T priority patent/DE3782332D1/en
Priority to US07/156,798 priority patent/US4837528A/en
Priority to CA000559298A priority patent/CA1285326C/en
Publication of EP0279873A1 publication Critical patent/EP0279873A1/en
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Publication of EP0279873B1 publication Critical patent/EP0279873B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/19Phase-shifters using a ferromagnetic device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/30Auxiliary devices for compensation of, or protection against, temperature or moisture effects ; for improving power handling capability

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  • the present invention relates to a phase shifter, consisting of a waveguide, in which is arranged along at least one plane distributed in the direction of wave propagation and parallel to the high-frequency electrical field, which extends from one waveguide wall to the opposite and a static oriented parallel to the high-frequency electrical field Magnetic field is exposed.
  • page 225 discloses that such an arrangement, when operated in the range of small losses below or above the gyromagnetic resonance of the ferromagnetic material, acts as a reciprocal phase shifter.
  • Another ferrite phase shifter used in a phase striker circulator is known from DE-A-24 14 939.
  • the ferromagnetic material is in the form of parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide extending strips arranged on the inner sides of two opposing waveguide walls.
  • This ferrite phase shifter, on which DE - A - 24 14 939 is based, is designed with a certain material composition of the ferrite strips for the transmission of high-frequency signals with high pulse powers.
  • it is not suitable for the transmission of high-frequency fields with very high continuous power, since the heat loss generated due to the relatively high transmission loss (approx. 0.3 dB) can no longer be dissipated.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a phase shifter of the type mentioned, which is suitable for operation with very high radio frequency power.
  • the inventive design of the ferromagnetic material in the phase shifter has a very high dielectric strength, which means that the phase shifter can be operated with extremely high power.
  • the design of the ferromagnetic material according to the invention also enables large amounts of heat to be dissipated, which protects the ferromagnetic material from thermal destruction. This applies primarily to a finely structured configuration of the ferromagnetic material, because then a particularly good heat transfer to the heat-dissipating material Dielectric is guaranteed.
  • the phase shifter circulator shown in FIG. 1 consists, in a manner known per se, of a magic T 1 designed in waveguide technology with two waveguide arms 2, 3 designed as a ferrite phase shifter and a 3dB coupler 4 connected to the two waveguide arms.
  • This phase shifter has the following mode of operation:
  • a high-frequency field fed in at the gate 1a of the magic T is divided into the same energy parts between the two gates 2a and 3a to which the ferrite phase shifters 2 and 3 are connected.
  • the ferrite phase shifters 2 and 3 are now magnetized so that the high-frequency fields passing through them have a mutual phase shift of 90 ° at the phase shifter outputs 2b and 3b.
  • the subsequent 3dB coupler 4 combines the two high-frequency fields present at the phase shifter outputs 2b and 3b at its output 4a, so that the high-frequency field fed in at gate 1a is completely available, if one disregards the losses in the arrangement.
  • a high-frequency field is applied to the gate 4a of the 3dB coupler 4, it appears to be divided into equal parts of energy at the two gates 2b and 3b, but with a mutual phase shift of 90 °. Due to the phase-shifting effect of the two phase shifters 2 and 3, the two high-frequency fields reach the gates 2a and 3a of the magic T in opposite phases. In the magic T 1, both high-frequency fields are superimposed, and the high-frequency field originally fed into the 3dB coupler 4 is finally at the gate 1b of the magic T available.
  • phase shifter circulator In order to be able to operate the phase shifter circulator just described, shown in FIG. 1, with very high power (approx. 100 kW to 2000 kW), the nature of the phase shifters and in particular the design of the ferromagnetic material located in the waveguides is very important at.
  • the ferromagnetic material in the waveguide 2 or 3 is shaped into a multiplicity of rods 5 which extend parallel to the narrow sides of the waveguide from one waveguide wall to the opposite. All ferromagnetic rods 5 are aligned parallel to the high-frequency electrical field propagating in the waveguide and to a static magnetic field applied from the outside.
  • the ferrite rods 5 are located at a distance from a narrow side of the waveguide, which corresponds to approximately 0.2 times the width of the waveguide. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, such ferromagnetic rods can be arranged at the same distance in front of each of the two narrow waveguide sides.
  • the ferromagnetic rods are operated by applying a correspondingly high static magnetic field in the area above the gyromagnetic resonance.
  • the division of the ferromagnetic material into many individual rods 5 arranged at a distance from one another creates a large cooling surface, which provides extremely favorable conditions for dissipating the heat generated in the ferromagnetic rods 5.
  • a coolant flowing around the ferromagnetic rods 5 e.g. Air or another suitable gas or a dielectric liquid can easily dissipate very large amounts of heat.
  • the ferromagnetic rods 5 are surrounded individually or in groups by dielectric hollow cylinders which, like the ferromagnetic rods 5, extend over the entire waveguide height and are sealed on the inside of the waveguide walls .
  • a gas or liquid is admitted into this dielectric hollow cylinder 6 through openings 7 in a waveguide wall and discharged again through openings 8 in the opposite waveguide wall.
  • the magnet system which generates the static magnetic field for the ferromagnetic rods 5 consists of pole shoes 9 and 10 arranged on both waveguide walls above and below the rods 5, permanent magnets 11 and 12 lying thereon and a yoke 13 forming the magnetic yoke 13.
  • cooling liquid or cooling gas through the openings 7 or 8 can be introduced or discharged into the dielectric hollow cylinder 6 in the waveguide 2, the pole shoes 9 and 10 of the magnet system covering the openings 7 and 8 are provided with inflow and outflow channels 14, 15.
  • the openings 7 and 8 in the waveguide walls are dimensioned so that they are impermeable to the radio frequency field.
  • the ferromagnetic rods 5 are brought up to the pole shoes 9 and 10 through further openings 16 and 17 in the waveguide walls which are impermeable to the high-frequency field.
  • this provides a simple holder for the ferromagnetic rods 5, and on the other hand, the direct contact between the ferromagnetic rods 5 and the pole pieces 9, 10 keeps the magnetic contact resistance between the magnets 11, 12 and the ferromagnetic rods 5 low.
  • all ferromagnetic rods 5 can also be accommodated together in an elongated dielectric container 18 installed parallel to a narrow waveguide side, as is the case in the waveguide 3 (see Figure 1).
  • This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that, as stated in the waveguide 2, the number of ferromagnetic rods 5 present in a dielectric hollow cylinder 6 increases from hollow cylinder to hollow cylinder or that the distances between the ferromagnetic rods 5 to the interior of the waveguide become smaller, as is the case using the example of the waveguide 3 becomes clear.
  • the thickness of the ferromagnetic rods towards the interior of the waveguide could also be increased from rod to rod.
  • the dielectric container 18 has been tapered towards the waveguide outputs in the case of the waveguide 3.
  • the dielectric container 18 can be tapered either continuously or in steps.
  • the dielectric hollow cylinders 6 equipped with ferromagnetic rods 5 are arranged in waveguide 2 at a distance of approximately a quarter wavelength, the broad-band and low-reflection properties of the phase shifter result.
  • the ferromagnetic material of the phase shifter is shaped into rods 5.
  • an elongated ferromagnetic body 20 can be arranged in a waveguide 19 along at least one plane parallel to a waveguide narrow side, which is provided with through holes 21 running parallel to the static magnetic field. These through bores 21 continue in openings 22 and 23 in the waveguide walls in order to allow a cooling gas or a cooling liquid to pass through the ferromagnetic body 20.
  • phase shifter described above are suitable for use in a phase shifter circulator operated with extremely high high-frequency powers, as was initially explained with reference to FIG. 1.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Phasenschieber, bestehend aus einem Hohlleiter, in dem entlang mindestens einer in Wellenausbreitungsrichtung und parallel zum elektrischen Hochfrequenzfeld verlaufenden Ebene verteilt ferromagnetisches Material angeordnet ist, das sich von einer Hohlleiterwand bis zur gegenüberliegenden erstreckt und einem parallel zu dem elektrischen Hochfrequenzfeld orientierten statischen Magnetfeld ausgesetzt ist.The present invention relates to a phase shifter, consisting of a waveguide, in which is arranged along at least one plane distributed in the direction of wave propagation and parallel to the high-frequency electrical field, which extends from one waveguide wall to the opposite and a static oriented parallel to the high-frequency electrical field Magnetic field is exposed.

Eine derartige Anordnung, die allerdings mit verlustbehaftetem, stabförmig ausgebildetem ferromagnetischen Material als Isolator betrieben wird, ist aus der GB - A - 836 440 bekannt.Such an arrangement, which, however, is operated with lossy, rod-shaped ferromagnetic material as an insulator, is known from GB-A-836 440.

In dem Buch von E. Pehl, "Mikrowellentechnik", Band 1,1984, Dr. Alfred Hüthig Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Kapitel 5.2.3 Seite 225 ist offenbart, daß eine solche Anordnung, wenn sie im Bereich kleiner Verluste unter- oder oberhalb der gyromagnetischen Resonanz des ferromagnetischen Materials betrieben wird, als reziproker Phasenschieber wirkt.In the book by E. Pehl, "Microwave Technology", Volume 1,1984, Dr. Alfred Hüthig Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Chapter 5.2.3, page 225 discloses that such an arrangement, when operated in the range of small losses below or above the gyromagnetic resonance of the ferromagnetic material, acts as a reciprocal phase shifter.

Ein anderer bei einem Phasenschielerzirkulator eingesetzter Ferrit-Phasenschieber ist aus der DE - A -24 14 939 bekannt. Das ferrmagnetische Material ist bei diesem bekannten Phasenschieber in Form von parallel zur Hohlleiterlängsachse verlaufenden Streifen an den Innenseiten zweier einander gegenüberliegender Hohlleiterwände angeordnet. Dieser der DE - A - 24 14 939 zugrundeliegende Ferrit-Phasenschieber ist zwar mit einer bestimmten Materialzusammensetzung der Ferritstreifen für die Übertragung von Hochfrequenzsignale mit hohen Impulsleistungen ausgelegt. Er ist aber nicht geeignet für die Übertragung von Hochfrequenzfeldern mit sehr hoher Dauerleistung, da die wegen der relativ hohen Durchgangsdämpfung (ca. 0,3 dB) entstehende Verlustwärme nicht mehr abgeführt werden kann.Another ferrite phase shifter used in a phase striker circulator is known from DE-A-24 14 939. In this known phase shifter, the ferromagnetic material is in the form of parallel to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide extending strips arranged on the inner sides of two opposing waveguide walls. This ferrite phase shifter, on which DE - A - 24 14 939 is based, is designed with a certain material composition of the ferrite strips for the transmission of high-frequency signals with high pulse powers. However, it is not suitable for the transmission of high-frequency fields with very high continuous power, since the heat loss generated due to the relatively high transmission loss (approx. 0.3 dB) can no longer be dissipated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Phasenschieber der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, der für einen Betrieb mit sehr großer Hochfrequenzleistung geeignet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a phase shifter of the type mentioned, which is suitable for operation with very high radio frequency power.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 6 gelöst,This object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 2 or 6,

Zweckmäßige Ausführungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen 3, 4, 5 und 7 hervor.Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims 3, 4, 5 and 7.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung des ferromagnetischen Materials im Phasenschieber besitzt dieser eine sehr große Durchschlagfestigkeit, wodurch der Phasenschieber mit äußerst hoher Leistung betrieben werden kann. Die nach der Erfindung ausgeführte Gestaltung des ferromagnetischen Materials ermöglicht außerdem die Ableitung großer Wärmemengen, was das ferromagnetische Material vor thermischer Zerstörung schützt. Dies gilt vornehmlich bei einer feinstrukturierten Konfiguration des ferromagnetischen Materials, weil dann ein besonders guter Wärmeübergang auf das wärmeabführende Dielektrikum gewährleistet ist.The inventive design of the ferromagnetic material in the phase shifter has a very high dielectric strength, which means that the phase shifter can be operated with extremely high power. The design of the ferromagnetic material according to the invention also enables large amounts of heat to be dissipated, which protects the ferromagnetic material from thermal destruction. This applies primarily to a finely structured configuration of the ferromagnetic material, because then a particularly good heat transfer to the heat-dissipating material Dielectric is guaranteed.

Anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen wird nun die Erfindung näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt die Draufsicht auf einen Phasenschieberzirkulator,
  • Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt A-A durch einen als Phasenschieber wirkenden Hohlleiterarm des Phasenschieberzirkulators und
  • Figur 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Hohlleiterarm eines Phasenschieberzirkulators mit einer anderen als in Figur 1 dargestellten Struktur des ferromagnetischen Materials
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of a phase shifter circulator,
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section AA through a waveguide arm of the phase shifter circulator and acting as a phase shifter
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a waveguide arm of a phase shifter circulator with a different structure of the ferromagnetic material than that shown in FIG. 1

Der in Figur 1 gezeigte Phasenschieberzirkulator besteht in an sich bekannter Art aus einem in Hohlleitertechnik ausgeführten magischen T 1 mit zwei als Ferrit-Phasenschieber ausgebildeten Hohlleiterarmen 2, 3 und einem an die beiden Hohlleiterarme angeschlossenen 3dB-Koppler 4. Dieser Phasenschieber hat folgende Wirkungsweise:The phase shifter circulator shown in FIG. 1 consists, in a manner known per se, of a magic T 1 designed in waveguide technology with two waveguide arms 2, 3 designed as a ferrite phase shifter and a 3dB coupler 4 connected to the two waveguide arms. This phase shifter has the following mode of operation:

Ein am Tor 1a des magischen T eingespeistes Hochfrequenzfeld wird zu gleichen Energieteilen auf die beiden Tore 2a und 3a, an die die Ferrit-Phasenschieber 2 und 3 angeschlossen sind, aufgeteilt. Die Ferrit-Phasenschieber 2 und 3 sind nun so vormagnetisiert, daß die sie durchlaufenden Hochfrequenzfelder an den Phasenschieber-Ausgängen 2b und 3b eine gegenseitige Phasenverschiebung von 90° aufweisen. Der anschließende 3dB-Koppler 4 vereinigt die beiden an den Phasenschieber-Ausgängen 2b und 3b anliegenden Hochfrequenzfelder an seinem Ausgang 4a gleichphasig, so daß dort das am Tor 1a eingespeiste Hochfrequenzfeld vollständig zur Verfügung steht, wenn man von den Verlusten der Anordnung absieht.A high-frequency field fed in at the gate 1a of the magic T is divided into the same energy parts between the two gates 2a and 3a to which the ferrite phase shifters 2 and 3 are connected. The ferrite phase shifters 2 and 3 are now magnetized so that the high-frequency fields passing through them have a mutual phase shift of 90 ° at the phase shifter outputs 2b and 3b. The subsequent 3dB coupler 4 combines the two high-frequency fields present at the phase shifter outputs 2b and 3b at its output 4a, so that the high-frequency field fed in at gate 1a is completely available, if one disregards the losses in the arrangement.

Wird andererseits ein Hochfrequenzfeld am Tor 4a des 3dB-Kopplers 4 angelegt, so erscheint es zu gleichen Energieteilen aufgeteilt an den beiden Toren 2b und 3b, jedoch mit einer gegenseitigen Phasenverschiebung von 90°. Auf Grund der phasendrehenden Wirkung der beiden Phasenschieber 2 und 3 erreichen die beiden Hochfrequenzfelder gegenphasig die Tore 2a und 3a des magischen T. Im magischen T 1 werden beide Hochfrequenzfelder überlagert, und das ursprünglich in den 3dB-Koppler 4 eingespeiste Hochfrequenzfeld ist schließlich am Tor 1b des magischen T verfügbar.If, on the other hand, a high-frequency field is applied to the gate 4a of the 3dB coupler 4, it appears to be divided into equal parts of energy at the two gates 2b and 3b, but with a mutual phase shift of 90 °. Due to the phase-shifting effect of the two phase shifters 2 and 3, the two high-frequency fields reach the gates 2a and 3a of the magic T in opposite phases. In the magic T 1, both high-frequency fields are superimposed, and the high-frequency field originally fed into the 3dB coupler 4 is finally at the gate 1b of the magic T available.

Um den soeben beschriebenen, in Fig. 1 dargestellten Phasenschieberzirkulator mit sehr hoher Leistung (ca. 100 kW bis 2000 kW) betreiben zu können, kommt es ganz wesentlich auf die Beschaffenheit der Phasenschieber und dabei insbesondere auf die Ausgestaltung des in den Hohlleitern befindlichen ferromagnetischen Materials an.In order to be able to operate the phase shifter circulator just described, shown in FIG. 1, with very high power (approx. 100 kW to 2000 kW), the nature of the phase shifters and in particular the design of the ferromagnetic material located in the waveguides is very important at.

Das ferromagnetische Matrial im Hohlleiter 2 bzw. 3 ist zu einer Vielzahl von Stäben 5 geformt, die sich parallel zu den Hohlleiterschmalseiten von einer Hohlleiterwand zur gegenüberliegenden erstrecken. Alle ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 sind parallel zu dem sich im Hohlleiter ausbreitenden elektrischen Hochfrequenzfeld und zu einem von außen angelegten statischen Magnetfeld ausgerichtet. Die Ferrit-Stäbe 5 befinden sich in einem Abstand von einer Hohlleiterschmalseite, der etwa dem 0,2-fachen der Hohlleiterbreite entspricht. Abweichend von dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel können in dem gleichen Abstand vor jeder der beiden Hohlleiterschmalseiten solche ferromagnetische Stäbe angeordnet sein.The ferromagnetic material in the waveguide 2 or 3 is shaped into a multiplicity of rods 5 which extend parallel to the narrow sides of the waveguide from one waveguide wall to the opposite. All ferromagnetic rods 5 are aligned parallel to the high-frequency electrical field propagating in the waveguide and to a static magnetic field applied from the outside. The ferrite rods 5 are located at a distance from a narrow side of the waveguide, which corresponds to approximately 0.2 times the width of the waveguide. In a departure from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, such ferromagnetic rods can be arranged at the same distance in front of each of the two narrow waveguide sides.

Um bei dem einer sehr großen Hochfrequenzleistung ausgesetzten Phasenschieber die Durchgangsdämpfung auf Grund von Spinwellenverlusten möglichst gering zu halten, werden die ferromagnetischen Stäbe durch Anlegen eines entsprechend hohen statischen Magnetfeldes im Bereich oberhalb der gyromagnetischen Resonanz betrieben.In order to keep the transmission loss due to spin wave losses as low as possible with the phase shifter exposed to a very high high-frequency power, the ferromagnetic rods are operated by applying a correspondingly high static magnetic field in the area above the gyromagnetic resonance.

Da sich die ferromagnetischen Stäbe ohne Unterbrechung durch ein anders geartetes Dielektrikum über die gesamte Hohlleiterhöhe erstrecken, werden unerwünschte Feldstärkeüberhöhungen ausgeschlossen. Dies hat eine hohe Durchschlagsfestigkeit des Phasenschiebers zur Folge, weshalb dieser für die Übertragung sehr großer Leistungen geeignet ist.Since the ferromagnetic rods extend without interruption through a different type of dielectric over the entire waveguide height, undesirable increases in field strength are excluded. This results in a high dielectric strength of the phase shifter, which is why it is suitable for the transmission of very large powers.

Durch die Aufteilung des ferromagnetischen Materials in viele einzelne im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Stäbe 5 entsteht eine große Kühlfläche, womit äußerst günstige Voraussetzungen gegeben sind für die Ableitung der in den ferromagnetischen Stäben 5 entstehenden Wärme. Mit Hilfe eines die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 umströmenden Kühlmittels, z.B. Luft oder eines anderen geeigneten Gases oder einer dielektrischen Flüssigkeit, können auf einfache Weise sehr große Wärmemengen abgeführt werden.The division of the ferromagnetic material into many individual rods 5 arranged at a distance from one another creates a large cooling surface, which provides extremely favorable conditions for dissipating the heat generated in the ferromagnetic rods 5. With the aid of a coolant flowing around the ferromagnetic rods 5, e.g. Air or another suitable gas or a dielectric liquid can easily dissipate very large amounts of heat.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt zwei Ausführungsbeispiele dafür, mit welchen Mitteln die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 einem kühlenden Gas oder eine Kühlflüssigkeit ausgesetzt werden können. Beim Phasenschieber 2, von dem ein Querschnitt A-A in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, sind die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 einzeln oder in Gruppen von dielektrischen Hohlzylindern umgeben, die sich wie die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 über die ganze Hohlleiterhöhe erstrecken und an den Innenseiten der Hohlleiterwände abgedichtet sind. In diese dielektrischen Hohlzylinder 6 wird durch Öffnungen 7 in einer Hohlleiterwand ein Gas oder eine Flüssigkeit eingelassen und durch Öffnungen 8 in der gegenüberliegenden Hohlleiterwand wieder abgeführt.1 shows two exemplary embodiments of the means by which the ferromagnetic rods 5 can be exposed to a cooling gas or a cooling liquid. In the phase shifter 2, of which a cross section AA is shown in FIG. 2, the ferromagnetic rods 5 are surrounded individually or in groups by dielectric hollow cylinders which, like the ferromagnetic rods 5, extend over the entire waveguide height and are sealed on the inside of the waveguide walls . A gas or liquid is admitted into this dielectric hollow cylinder 6 through openings 7 in a waveguide wall and discharged again through openings 8 in the opposite waveguide wall.

Das Magnetsystem, welches das statische Magnetfeld für die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 erzeugt, besteht aus auf beiden Hohlleiterwänden oberhalb und unterhalb der Stäbe 5 angeordneten Polschuhen 9 und 10, darauf liegenden Permanentmagneten 11 und 12 und einem den magnetischen Rückschluß bildenden Joch 13. Damit Kühlflüssigkeit oder Kühlgas durch die Öffnungen 7 bzw. 8 in die dielektrischen Hohlzylinder 6 im Hohlleiter 2 eingeleitet bzw. abgeleitet werden kann, sind die die Öffnungen 7 und 8 überdeckenden Polschuhe 9 und 10 des Magnetsystems mit Zufluß- bzw. Abflußkanälen 14, 15 versehen. Die Öffnungen 7 und 8 in den Hohlleiterwänden sind so dimensioniert, daß sie für das Hochfrequenzfeld undurchlässig sind.The magnet system which generates the static magnetic field for the ferromagnetic rods 5 consists of pole shoes 9 and 10 arranged on both waveguide walls above and below the rods 5, permanent magnets 11 and 12 lying thereon and a yoke 13 forming the magnetic yoke 13. Thus, cooling liquid or cooling gas through the openings 7 or 8 can be introduced or discharged into the dielectric hollow cylinder 6 in the waveguide 2, the pole shoes 9 and 10 of the magnet system covering the openings 7 and 8 are provided with inflow and outflow channels 14, 15. The openings 7 and 8 in the waveguide walls are dimensioned so that they are impermeable to the radio frequency field.

Durch weitere für das Hochfrequenzfeld undurchlässige Öffnungen 16 und 17 in den einander gegenüberliegenden Hohlleiterwänden sind die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 bis an die Polschuhe 9 und 10 herangeführt. Zum einen ist dadurch eine einfache Halterung für die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 gegeben, und zum anderen ist durch den direkten Kontakt zwischen den ferromagnetischen Stäben 5 und den Polschuhen 9, 10 der magnetische Übergangswiderstand zwischen den Magneten 11, 12 und den ferromagnetischen Stäben 5 gering gehalten.The ferromagnetic rods 5 are brought up to the pole shoes 9 and 10 through further openings 16 and 17 in the waveguide walls which are impermeable to the high-frequency field. On the one hand, this provides a simple holder for the ferromagnetic rods 5, and on the other hand, the direct contact between the ferromagnetic rods 5 and the pole pieces 9, 10 keeps the magnetic contact resistance between the magnets 11, 12 and the ferromagnetic rods 5 low.

Anstatt die ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 einzeln oder gruppenweise in mehreren dielektrischen Hohlzylindern 6 wie im Hohlleiter 2 anzuordnen, können auch alle ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 gemeinsam in einem parallel zu einer Hohlleiterschmalseite installierten, langgestreckten dielektrischen Behälter 18 untergebracht werden wie das im Hohlleiter 3 der Fall ist (s. Figur 1).Instead of arranging the ferromagnetic rods 5 individually or in groups in a plurality of dielectric hollow cylinders 6 as in the waveguide 2, all ferromagnetic rods 5 can also be accommodated together in an elongated dielectric container 18 installed parallel to a narrow waveguide side, as is the case in the waveguide 3 (see Figure 1).

Es ist zweckmäßig, die Menge des ferromagnetischen Materials von den Hohlleitereingängen aus in Richtung zum Hohlleiterinneren allmählich zunehmen zu lassen. Dies läßt sich beispielsweise dadurch realisieren, daß, wie im Hohlleiter 2 ausgeführt, die Zahl der jeweils in einem dielektrischen Hohlzylinder 6 vorhandenen ferromagnetischen Stäbe 5 von Hohlzylinder zu Hohlzylinder zunimmt oder daß die Abstände zwischen den ferromagnetischen Stäben 5 zum Hohlleiterinneren hin geringer werden, wie es am Beispiel des Hohlleiters 3 deutlich wird. Auch könnte man die Dicke der ferromagnetischen Stäbe zum Hohlleiterinneren hin von Stab zu Stab zunehmen lassen.It is expedient to gradually increase the amount of ferromagnetic material from the waveguide inputs towards the interior of the waveguide. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that, as stated in the waveguide 2, the number of ferromagnetic rods 5 present in a dielectric hollow cylinder 6 increases from hollow cylinder to hollow cylinder or that the distances between the ferromagnetic rods 5 to the interior of the waveguide become smaller, as is the case using the example of the waveguide 3 becomes clear. The thickness of the ferromagnetic rods towards the interior of the waveguide could also be increased from rod to rod.

Um einen möglichst reflexionsfreien Eintritt eines Hochfrequenzfeldes in den Phasenschieber zu gewährleisten, ist beim Hohlleiter 3 neben der Abstufung der Dichte des ferromagnetischen Materials eine Verjüngung des dielektrischen Behälters 18 zu den Hohlleiterausgängen hin vorgenommen worden. Die Verjüngung des dielektrischen Behälters 18 kann entweder kontinuierlich oder gestuft erfolgen.In order to ensure that a high-frequency field enters the phase shifter with as little reflection as possible, in addition to the gradation of the density of the ferromagnetic material, the dielectric container 18 has been tapered towards the waveguide outputs in the case of the waveguide 3. The The dielectric container 18 can be tapered either continuously or in steps.

Werden die mit ferromagnetischen Stäben 5 bestückten dielektrischen Hohlzylinder 6 in Hohlleiter 2 im Abstand von etwa einer Viertelwellenlänge angeordnet, so ergeben sich besonders breitbandige und reflexionsarme Eigenschaften des Phasenschiebers.If the dielectric hollow cylinders 6 equipped with ferromagnetic rods 5 are arranged in waveguide 2 at a distance of approximately a quarter wavelength, the broad-band and low-reflection properties of the phase shifter result.

Gemäß dem in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das ferromagnetische Material des Phasenschiebers zu Stäben 5 geformt. Invers dazu kann auch gemäß Fig. 3 in einem Hohlleiter 19 entlang mindestens einer parallel zu einer Hohlleiterschmalseite liegenden Ebene ein langgestreckter ferromagnetischer Körper 20 angeordnet werden, der mit parallel zum statischen Magnetfeld verlaufenden Durchgangsbohrungen 21 versehen ist. Diese Durchgangsbohrungen 21 setzen sich fort in Öffnungen 22 und 23 in den Hohlleiterwänden, um ein Durchleiten eines Kühlgases oder einer Kühlflüssigkeit durch den ferromagnetischen Körper 20 zu ermöglichen.According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ferromagnetic material of the phase shifter is shaped into rods 5. 3, an elongated ferromagnetic body 20 can be arranged in a waveguide 19 along at least one plane parallel to a waveguide narrow side, which is provided with through holes 21 running parallel to the static magnetic field. These through bores 21 continue in openings 22 and 23 in the waveguide walls in order to allow a cooling gas or a cooling liquid to pass through the ferromagnetic body 20.

Die vorgehend beschriebenen Ausführungen eines Phasenschiebers sind geeignet für die Anwendung in einem mit extrem großen Hochfrequenzleistungen betriebenen Phasenschieberzirkulator, so wie er eingangs an Hand von Fig. 1 dargelegt worden ist.The embodiments of a phase shifter described above are suitable for use in a phase shifter circulator operated with extremely high high-frequency powers, as was initially explained with reference to FIG. 1.

Claims (7)

  1. A phase shifter composed of a waveguide in which rods of a ferromagnetic material are distributed along at least one plane extending in the direction of wave propagation and parallel to the electric high frequency field, with said rods extending from one waveguide wall to the opposite waveguide wall and being exposed to a static magnetic field that is oriented parallel to the electric high frequency field, characterised in that each one of the ferromagnetic rods (5) individually or as a group is inserted into a dielectric hollow cylinder (6) through which flows a liquid or a gas in order to cool the ferromagnetic rod(s).
  2. A phase shifter composed of a waveguide in which rods of a ferromagnetic material are distributed along at least one plane extending in the direction of wave propagation and parallel to the electric high frequency field, with said rods extending from one waveguide wall to the opposite waveguide wall and being exposed to a static magnetic field that is oriented parallel to the electric high frequency field, characterised in that all ferromagnetic rods (5) are disposed together in an elongate dielectric container (18) through which flows a liquid or a gas in order to cool the ferromagnetic rods (5).
  3. A phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ferromagnetic rods (5) are brought through openings (16, 17) in the oppositely disposed waveguide walls and said openings (16, 17) are dimensioned so that they do not permit the high frequency field in the waveguide (2) to pass through.
  4. A phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the thickness of the ferromagnetic rods (5) increases from rod to rod from the waveguide input ports in the direction toward the interior of the waveguide.
  5. A phase shifter according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the distances between adjacent ferromagnetic rods (5) decrease from the waveguide inputs in the direction toward the interior of the waveguide.
  6. A phase shifter composed of a waveguide in which ferromagnetic material is distributed along at least one plane extending in the direction of wave propagation and parallel to the electric high frequency field, with this ferromagnetic material extending from one waveguide wall to the opposite waveguide wall and being exposed to a static magnetic field that is oriented parallel to the electric high frequency field, characterised in that the ferromagnetic material is configured as an elongate body (20) provided with passage bores (21) extending parallel to the static magnetic field and a liquid or a gas flows through said passage bores (21) to cool the ferromagnetic body (20).
  7. A phase shifter according to claim 6, characterised in that the quantity of ferromagnetic material (20) gradually increases from the waveguide input ports in the direction toward the interior of the waveguide.
EP87102471A 1987-02-21 1987-02-21 Phase-shifter Expired - Lifetime EP0279873B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87102471A EP0279873B1 (en) 1987-02-21 1987-02-21 Phase-shifter
DE8787102471T DE3782332D1 (en) 1987-02-21 1987-02-21 PHASE SHIFT.
US07/156,798 US4837528A (en) 1987-02-21 1988-02-17 Microwave phase shifter
CA000559298A CA1285326C (en) 1987-02-21 1988-02-19 Microwave phase shifter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87102471A EP0279873B1 (en) 1987-02-21 1987-02-21 Phase-shifter

Publications (2)

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EP0279873A1 EP0279873A1 (en) 1988-08-31
EP0279873B1 true EP0279873B1 (en) 1992-10-21

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EP87102471A Expired - Lifetime EP0279873B1 (en) 1987-02-21 1987-02-21 Phase-shifter

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EP (1) EP0279873B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1285326C (en)
DE (1) DE3782332D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5013997A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-05-07 General Electric Company Liquid cooled, high power, ferrite phase shifter for phased array antennas
JPH0425303U (en) * 1990-06-22 1992-02-28
US5607631A (en) * 1993-04-01 1997-03-04 Hughes Electronics Enhanced tunability for low-dielectric-constant ferroelectric materials
CA2405794A1 (en) 2000-04-20 2001-11-01 Paratek Microwave, Inc. Waveguide-finline tunable phase shifter

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3036278A (en) * 1955-04-29 1962-05-22 Herman N Chait Rectangular waveguide circulator
GB781024A (en) * 1955-06-01 1957-08-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Microwave unidirectional coupling device
DE1069233B (en) * 1955-12-08 1959-11-19
US2956245A (en) * 1956-04-16 1960-10-11 Sperry Rand Corp Microwave isolator
DE1117183B (en) * 1960-09-30 1961-11-16 Siemens Ag Directional line for very short electromagnetic waves
US3434076A (en) * 1963-10-17 1969-03-18 Varian Associates Waveguide window having circulating fluid of critical loss tangent for dampening unwanted mode
US3408597A (en) * 1966-05-11 1968-10-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Nonreciprocal gyromagnetic waveguide device with heat transfer means forming a unitary structure
FR1548492A (en) * 1967-10-20 1968-12-06
US3629735A (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-12-21 Us Army Waveguide power limiter comprising a longitudinal arrangement of alternate ferrite rods and dielectric spacers
DE2414939C2 (en) * 1974-03-28 1985-04-11 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Phase shift circulator for extremely high pulse power
US4122418A (en) * 1975-05-10 1978-10-24 Tsukasa Nagao Composite resonator

Also Published As

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US4837528A (en) 1989-06-06
CA1285326C (en) 1991-06-25
EP0279873A1 (en) 1988-08-31
DE3782332D1 (en) 1992-11-26

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