EP0279739A1 - Kältemaschine, insbesondere mit Vuilleumier-Zyklus, mit durch Gaslager unterstützten Kolben - Google Patents

Kältemaschine, insbesondere mit Vuilleumier-Zyklus, mit durch Gaslager unterstützten Kolben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0279739A1
EP0279739A1 EP88400321A EP88400321A EP0279739A1 EP 0279739 A1 EP0279739 A1 EP 0279739A1 EP 88400321 A EP88400321 A EP 88400321A EP 88400321 A EP88400321 A EP 88400321A EP 0279739 A1 EP0279739 A1 EP 0279739A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
refrigerator according
gas
magnets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88400321A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0279739B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Claudet
Bernard Dewanckel
Alain Ravex
Serge Reale
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0279739A1 publication Critical patent/EP0279739A1/de
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Publication of EP0279739B1 publication Critical patent/EP0279739B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F02G1/0445—Engine plants with combined cycles, e.g. Vuilleumier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
    • F02G2250/18—Vuilleumier cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2258/00—Materials used
    • F02G2258/10—Materials used ceramic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
    • F02G2270/50—Crosshead guiding pistons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low power cryogenic refrigerator, and in particular a refrigerator operating according to the Vuilleumier cycle.
  • the invention relates to a refrigerator capable of operating for a very long period without the possibility of intervention or maintenance in order to be able to be carried, for example on board a satellite.
  • Cryogenic refrigeration of small power that is to say for powers between one tenth of a watt and a few watts, at temperature levels between 100K and 4K is obtained, in known manner, by machines operating according to Stirling, Mac Mahon, Vuilleumier cycles or their derivatives.
  • refrigerators of this type have one or more cylinders inside each of which moves a piston driven by an alternating translational movement in order to compress or relax a gas, or simply to transfer this gas. one room in another.
  • pistons are called “compressors” when a force must be applied to the piston to overcome the forces due to the different pressures prevailing on its two faces.
  • Compressor type pistons are used to achieve mechanical compression (or expansion) of the gas in the Stirling, Gifford Mac Mahon, Joule Thomson or their derivatives cycles.
  • the forces applied to the pistons either by the gas or by the mechanical force of the drive motor are never strictly axial and opposite, which causes significant radial reactions on the guide bearings which must therefore be designed to withstand forces important and which must therefore have great stiffness.
  • the pistons are said to be “displacers” when they only serve to carry out transformations at constant volume by passing an amount of gas from one chamber at a certain temperature into another chamber at a different temperature.
  • Such an operation results in a change in gas pressure (compression or expansion depending on the direction) but with the particularity of maintaining at all times the same pressure on the two faces of the piston.
  • Such compression does not consume mechanical energy, with the exception of friction losses or flow pressure losses. It only consumes thermal energy to maintain the chambers at different temperatures.
  • thermodynamics In this kind of transformation (compression or expansion) that can be called thermodynamics, the displacing piston is subjected to other forces only its weight or inertia or that friction and pressure differences which can be made very low . As a result, the load on the bearings can be reduced considerably.
  • the Vuilleumier cycle has the particularity of being able to be implemented by the exclusive use of displacement pistons. It is a cycle with three temperature sources well known to those skilled in the art and which has been described for example in the document FF Chellis and WH Hogan, "A liquid nitrogen operated refrigerator for temperatures below 77 K", in “Advances in Cryogenic Engineering ", vol. 9, 1963, pp 545-551.
  • the refrigerator of the invention therefore uses the Vuilleumier cycle which makes it possible to produce machines in which the piston guide bearings, which constitute one of the critical elements conditioning the life of the refrigerator, are only subjected to very low forces and, by subsequently cause reduced wear and heat generation.
  • This characteristic constitutes a considerable advantage compared to machines operating according to other cycles and using compressor pistons. Indeed, in the case of the latter, the piston bearings are heavily loaded. Their wear is important and the high heat generation. Consequently, it is very difficult to produce machines with a long service life.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a refrigerator, in particular a refrigerator operating according to the Vuilleumier cycle, which overcomes these drawbacks.
  • This refrigerator must be able to operate for several years without maintenance of the bearings supporting the pistons. As a result, the bearings must be subjected to a very low load. They must not be subject to wear or generate heat.
  • the present invention relates to a refrigerator operating according to a Vuilleumier cycle, characterized in that it uses at least one gas bearing for the suspension of at least one piston.
  • the refrigerator of the invention is suitable for space applications when the refrigerator is not subjected to the action of gravity.
  • the refrigerator includes: - a first cylinder having a hot end and an end at intermediate temperature, a displacement piston sliding in said first cylinder between a first and a second position to compress and expand an amount of gas contained in said first cylinder, a conduit on which a regenerator thermal connecting the end at high temperature and the intermediate temperature end of the first cylinder is interposed; - a second cylinder having an intermediate temperature end and a cold end, a second displacement piston sliding in said second cylinder between a first and a second position to compress and expand an amount of gas contained in said second cylinder; a pipe connecting the intermediate temperature end of the first cylinder and the intermediate temperature end of the second cylinder, and - Means for moving said first cylinder and said second cylinder in phase relation.
  • It is characterized in that it comprises: - a gas bearing at the hot end of the first piston and a gas bearing at the intermediate temperature end of the first piston, - A gas bearing at the intermediate temperature end of said second piston and a gas bearing at the cold end of the second piston.
  • the refrigerator of the invention comprises two pistons operating in phase opposition so as to make the vibrations as low as possible.
  • the refrigerator includes: - At least one series of magnets disposed along the upper generatrix of the first cylinder, this series of magnets having a length greater than the distance between said first and said second positions of the first piston, a permanent magnet being mounted on the first cylinder opposite each of said series of magnets; and - At least one series of magnets disposed along the upper generatrix of the second cylinder, this series of magnets having a length greater than the distance between said first and said second positions of said second piston of the second cylinder, a magnet being mounted on the second cylinder facing each of said series of magnets of said second cylinder.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a cylinder 2 forming part of a cryogenic refrigerator operating according to a Vuilleumier cycle.
  • a displacement piston 4 is driven in an alternating translational movement inside the cylinder 2 so as to transfer a quantity of cycle gas from a first sealed chamber 6 to a second sealed chamber 8 via a pipe 9.
  • a Vuilleumier cycle refrigerator comprises at least two piston-cylinder assemblies, the first of these assemblies constituting a thermal compressor and the second a cold finger.
  • the complete representation of the refrigerator is not necessary for the explanation of the principle of the invention.
  • the displacing piston has a mass M corresponding to a weight P under the effect of a given acceleration, for example the acceleration of terrestrial gravity.
  • a line of magnets L1 and a line of magnets L2 are arranged along an upper generatrix of the cylinder 2. The lengths of these lines are equal or not, but are, in all cases, greater than the alternating stroke C of the piston.
  • the lines L1 and L2 consist of five magnets arranged side by side.
  • the magnets 14 are mounted on the displacer piston 4 respectively opposite the line of magnets L1 and the line of magnets L2.
  • the weight P of the displacing piston is balanced by the set of permanent magnets acting by attraction and producing forces F1 and F2 independent of the axial position of the piston since the lines of magnets L1 and L2 have a length greater than the stroke C.
  • the attraction forces of the magnets are chosen from such that the sum of the forces F1 and F2 is slightly less than the weight P of the piston 4 to avoid bonding of the magnets.
  • the resulting force to bear is equal to P- (F1 + F2). This resulting force can easily be reduced to a small fraction of P, for example a few%.
  • the forces P, F1 and F2 are arranged in the same plane, which does not introduce any lateral reaction.
  • a gas bearing is produced by means of a relative movement of the displacing piston 2 relative to the cylinder 4 so as to obtain a centering effect which is added to the suspension by the permanent magnets for get guidance without friction of the piston.
  • the gas bearings alone are sufficient to ensure guiding without friction of the piston, without it being necessary to provide a magnetic suspension passive by permanent magnets.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a gas bearing according to the invention.
  • the piston 4 has a first end 4a situated for example on the side of the hot chamber of the cylinder 2 and an end 4b situated for example on the side of the end of the cold chamber of the cylinder 2.
  • a gas bearing is provided at each of the ends 4a, 4b.
  • These bearings consist of two conical surfaces 20 and 22 respectively, opposed by their base and separated by a cylindrical surface of constant section 24.
  • a slight clearance (a few microns) is provided between the external surface 24 of the piston 4 and the internal peripheral wall of the cylinder 2.
  • the gas contained in the chambers 6 and 8 respectively forms a wedge between the internal wall of the cylinder 2 and each of the conical walls 20 and 22, according to the direction of movement.
  • the hydrodynamic forces thus generated create a force on the piston which centers it in relation to the axis XX of cylinder 2.
  • FIG. 4 There is shown in Figures 4 and 5 a second embodiment of gas bearings according to the invention.
  • This second mode is characterized by the fact that the gas bearing is obtained by a rotation on itself of the piston 4 instead of an alternative translation in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • the relative rotational movement of the piston 4 relative to the cylinder 2 drives the cycle gas by viscosity, which has the effect of forming a wedge which produces a centering force F of the piston 4 relative to the cylinder 2.
  • a bearing of this type is provided at each of the ends of the piston 4.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show two alternative embodiments of a rotary gas bearing according to the invention.
  • the principle of this bearing is identical to that of FIG. 4, but the piston 4 comprises (FIG. 5a) a series of ramps 32, five in the example chosen, whose profile, convex, is inclined relative to the internal surface 34 of cylinder 2 so as to determine with this cylinder a clearance which decreases from the beginning towards the end of the ramp 32.
  • the effect of levitation by wedge of viscous gas, described with reference to Figure 4 is thus obtained several times per revolution, five times in the example shown.
  • FIG. 5b It is also possible to use (FIG. 5b) a circular piston in a chamber comprising multiple 32 ⁇ ramps.
  • the gas bearings of FIGS. 4, 5a and 5b can be used alone, that is to say in the absence of passive magnetic suspension by permanent magnets, when the refrigerator is not not subjected to the action of gravity during its operation.
  • the nature of the materials used to produce the gas bearing that is to say the material of the piston 4 and that of the cylinder 2, is indifferent but in the event of accidental contact, or during start-up periods, materials having good friction properties with a low coefficient of friction and low wear are preferable.
  • Metals or metal alloys can be used as well as plastics.
  • ceramic materials such as alumina and zirconia are preferably used, which allow better performance, in particular for operation at high temperatures.
  • FIG. 6 shows a first example of a means allowing the piston 4 to rotate in order to produce a rotating gas bearing such as those of FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 6 has arranged around the cylinder 2 three coils 40, at 120 ° from each other, each of these coils being supplied by a phase of a three-phase electric current.
  • the flow of current produces a rotating magnetic field, symbolized by arrow 42, whose period of rotation is equal to that of the current.
  • a permanent magnet 44 is provided on the piston 4. This magnet is driven by the rotating field, synchronously.
  • a synchronous motor is thus produced which makes it possible to drive the piston 4 in rotation at the desired speed.
  • a three-phase current one could still use a single-phase alternating current to produce a synchronous or asynchronous electric motor.
  • FIG. 7 shows another means for driving the piston 4 in rotation.
  • Two coils 50 and 52 spaced apart by a pitch P1 are provided at the periphery of the cylinder 2.
  • a plurality of magnets 54 spaced apart a pitch P2 less than the pitch P1 are regularly distributed around the periphery of the piston 4.
  • the coil 50 and the coil 52 are supplied alternately. Under the effect of the electromagnetic forces which appear, one of the magnets 54 comes place next to the coil which is supplied.
  • a neighboring magnet 54 is placed opposite this second coil. The piston is thus driven in rotation by a series of successive pulses producing displacements in increments.
  • FIGs 8a and 8b There is shown in Figures 8a and 8b a third means for rotating the piston 4.
  • the piston 4 At one or at each of its ends, the piston 4 has a chamber 60 determined by a circular groove. The width of this groove is at least equal to the alternative stroke C of the piston.
  • a helical groove 62 opens at one of its ends in the chamber 60 and at its other end in the chamber 6 and / or in the chamber 8.
  • a non-return valve consisting for example of a plate 64 which plugs the end of the helical groove 62 opening into the chamber 6, and into the chamber 8, this plate 64 being supported by a flexible blade 66, prohibited from gas of cycle to pass directly from chamber 6 and chamber 8 into the helical groove 62. This gas must therefore pass through a bypass duct 68.
  • FIG. 10 shows a means making it possible to obtain a mixed movement of rotation and translation by the contactless action of an elliptical magnetic ramp 94a.
  • a piston 80 placed inside a cylinder 90, is rotated by a synchronized asynchronous motor comprising the coils 91 which create a rotating radial field, a squirrel cage 81 which ensures the asynchronous rotation, in particular at start-up , and a magnet 82 which ensures the synchronous rotation of the piston 80.
  • the rotational movement thus produced drives the magnet 83 secured to the piston 80 in front of the magnetic ramp 94 which produces an attraction of the magnet 83.
  • the magnetized ramp has an elliptical geometry inclined to the longitudinal axial direction of the piston 80. It produces an axial force which tends to keep the magnet 83 in the maximum field of the elliptical ramp 94.
  • An alternative translational movement is thus obtained shown diagrammatically by the arrow 85, the ends of which can be checked at the end of the race by the magnetized rings 93 and 94 which work in repulsion on the magnet 82 and act as springs.
  • the combined movements of rotation and translation of the piston 80 take place at the same frequency.
  • the piston 80 performs an alternating outward and return stroke at the same time as it completes a complete rotation in rotation about its longitudinal axis.
  • FIG. 11 shows three different embodiments of the magnetized ramp 94.
  • the ramp 94a has already been described previously. It has been shown again only as a reminder to allow a comparison with the forms 94b and 94c.
  • the magnetized ramp 94b includes two helical turns of opposite pitch to obtain a rotation frequency of the piston 80 twice its translation frequency. It goes without saying that one could also use several helical turns of opposite pitch to obtain a frequency of rotation multiple of the translation frequency.
  • FIG. 11c a magnetized ramp 94c having two undulations per revolution, which makes it possible to create a translation of frequency double the frequency of rotation of the piston 80.
  • a magnetized ramp 94c having two undulations per revolution, which makes it possible to create a translation of frequency double the frequency of rotation of the piston 80.
  • FIG. 9 a complete embodiment of a refrigerator according to the invention operating according to a Vuilleumier cycle.
  • the refrigerator is made up of two sets, namely a thermal compressor designated by the reference 100 and a pressure reducer, also called cold finger in the text below and designated by the reference 200.
  • the thermal compressor 100 includes a piston 104 sliding inside a cylinder 102, 55 mm in diameter and 300 mm long, containing gaseous helium whose pressure can vary between 5 and 10 bars approximately.
  • the piston 104 determines a hot chamber 106 and a cold chamber 108 at each of the opposite ends of the piston 104.
  • a bearing 104a is provided at the hot end of the piston, while a cold bearing 104b is provided at the cold end of this piston.
  • the bearings 104a and 104b are gas bearings of the rotating type such as, for example, those of FIGS. 4 and 5 of the application. They consist of two alumina rings with a radial clearance of 20 microns.
  • suspension lines L1 and L2 made up of a series of permanent magnets arranged along an upper generatrix of the cylinder 102, cooperating with permanent magnets 114, 114 make it possible to balance the weight P of the piston 104.
  • two lines L1 and L2 but we could also use a single line, provided that this is arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of gravity of the piston and is at least as long as the stroke C of the piston .
  • the piston 104 is rotated at a speed of 5 revolutions per second by a stepping motor such as for example that of FIG. 7, consisting of two coils, of which only one, the coil 150, has been shown in FIG. 9 and of a plurality of magnets 154 distributed along a circumference of the piston 104.
  • a stepping motor such as for example that of FIG. 7, consisting of two coils, of which only one, the coil 150, has been shown in FIG. 9 and of a plurality of magnets 154 distributed along a circumference of the piston 104.
  • Means have also been provided for obtaining an alternative translation of 20 mm of the piston 104.
  • These means are constituted in the example chosen by a linear motor of the stepping type consisting on the one hand of a series of magnets permanent 156 distributed along a circumference of the piston 104 and on the other hand of coils 158 arranged opposite the magnets 156.
  • the operating principle of the linear stepping motor is identical to that of the rotating motor and will therefore not be described in detail .
  • the supply of electric current to the coils of the linear motor is controlled by a servo device 157 which receives indications from a position detector 159 which makes it possible to detect the position of the piston 104 relative to the cylinder 102.
  • the thermal compressor 100 comprises several layers of insulation 170 surrounding its hot end and an electrical heating resistance 172 making it possible to maintain this hot end at a temperature of the order of 1000K.
  • Other means such as solar or nuclear heating could be suitable.
  • the cold room 108 is cooled by a cooling circuit 174 which makes it possible to maintain its temperature at around 300 K.
  • the chambers 106 and 108 are connected by means of a pipe 176 on which a thermal regenerator 178 known in itself is inserted.
  • the hot part of the cylinder is enclosed in a chamber 180 constituting a vacuum enclosure in which there is a high vacuum so as to avoid heat loss towards the outside.
  • the refrigerator shown in Figure 9 also includes a cold finger designated by the general reference 200.
  • the constitution of the cold finger 200 is essentially identical to that of the thermal compressor 100. It comprises two balancing bearings with permanent magnet enabling the weight of the piston 204 to be balanced. These bearings have been designated by the reference 214 It further comprises a stepping motor 250, 254 for driving the piston 204 in rotation and a stepping motor 256, 258 for driving the reciprocating translation of this same piston (stroke 10 mm).
  • a servo device 257 which receives information from a position detector known per se 259 controls the supply of electric current to the coils 258 of the linear stepping motor.
  • the piston 204 comprises a cold bearing 204a situated on the right in the figure and a hot bearing 204b situated on the left in the figure.
  • the production of these bearings is identical to what has already been described. It should however be noted that a particularity of the piston 204 is stepped so as to determine not a single chamber but two chambers 206a and 206b. Its length is 200 mm and its diameter is 40 mm between the chamber 208 at 300 K and the chamber 206b at 150 K. Its length is 100 mm and its diameter is 15 mm between the chamber 206b and the chamber 206a at 50 K Thus the refrigerator allows heat to be extracted at two different temperatures, 1 watt at 50 K in room 206a and 3 watts at 150 K in room 206b.
  • thermal regenerators 178a and 178b are constituted by a filling lining material the bottom of circular grooves provided in the wall of the cylinder 202.
  • the assembly of the cold finger is enclosed inside an enclosure 280 inside which there is a high vacuum in order to limit as much as possible the heat input coming from the outside.
  • the refrigerator which has just been described preferably applies to the cooling of samples to be studied in physics experiments or to enable or improve the functioning of superconductive materials or radiation detectors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
EP88400321A 1987-02-16 1988-02-12 Kältemaschine, insbesondere mit Vuilleumier-Zyklus, mit durch Gaslager unterstützten Kolben Expired - Lifetime EP0279739B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8701926A FR2611031B1 (fr) 1987-02-16 1987-02-16 Refrigerateur, notamment a cycle de vuilleumier, comportant des pistons suspendus par des paliers a gaz
FR8701926 1987-02-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0279739A1 true EP0279739A1 (de) 1988-08-24
EP0279739B1 EP0279739B1 (de) 1991-01-23

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EP88400321A Expired - Lifetime EP0279739B1 (de) 1987-02-16 1988-02-12 Kältemaschine, insbesondere mit Vuilleumier-Zyklus, mit durch Gaslager unterstützten Kolben

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4840032A (de)
EP (1) EP0279739B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63207957A (de)
DE (1) DE3861595D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2611031B1 (de)

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FR2649784A1 (fr) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-18 Sodern Machine cryogenique a palier a billes
US7415829B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2008-08-26 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Piston compressor

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FR2741940B1 (fr) * 1995-12-05 1998-01-02 Cryotechnologies Refroidisseur a moteur lineaire
CA2292684A1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-06-17 Wayne Ernest Conrad Self-contained light and generator
US6269640B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-08-07 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat engine
US6345666B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2002-02-12 Fantom Technologies, Inc. Sublouvred fins and a heat engine and a heat exchanger having same
US6332319B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-12-25 Fantom Technologies Inc. Exterior cooling for a heat engine
US6311490B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-11-06 Fantom Technologies Inc. Apparatus for heat transfer within a heat engine
US6336326B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2002-01-08 Fantom Technologies Inc. Apparatus for cooling a heat engine
US6286310B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-09-11 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat engine
US6279318B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-08-28 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat exchanger for a heat engine
US6269639B1 (en) 1999-12-17 2001-08-07 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat engine
US6293101B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2001-09-25 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat exchanger in the burner cup of a heat engine
US6279319B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2001-08-28 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat engine
US6226990B1 (en) 2000-02-11 2001-05-08 Fantom Technologies Inc. Heat engine
US8037686B2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2011-10-18 George Lasker Uncoupled, thermal-compressor, gas-turbine engine
US6796123B2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2004-09-28 George Lasker Uncoupled, thermal-compressor, gas-turbine engine
US20050126171A1 (en) * 2002-11-01 2005-06-16 George Lasker Uncoupled, thermal-compressor, gas-turbine engine
US7677039B1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2010-03-16 Fleck Technologies, Inc. Stirling engine and associated methods

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3292501A (en) * 1963-12-24 1966-12-20 Philips Corp Device including at least one cylinder with a piston-shaped body which is movable therein
US3774405A (en) * 1971-09-09 1973-11-27 Us Air Force Magnetically driven cryogen vuilleumier refrigerator
EP0076726A2 (de) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-13 National Aeronautics And Space Administration Kryogene Kühlvorrichtung des Stirling-Kreisprozess-Typs
EP0114069A2 (de) * 1983-01-17 1984-07-25 Helix Technology Corporation Mit linearem Antriebsmotor versehenes Tiefkühlsystem
FR2551189A1 (fr) * 1983-08-24 1985-03-01 Abg Semca Dispositif de refroidissement a compression et detente de gaz sans changement de phase

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2649784A1 (fr) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-18 Sodern Machine cryogenique a palier a billes
US7415829B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2008-08-26 Oerlikon Leybold Vacuum Gmbh Piston compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63207957A (ja) 1988-08-29
FR2611031B1 (fr) 1989-05-05
FR2611031A1 (fr) 1988-08-19
EP0279739B1 (de) 1991-01-23
DE3861595D1 (de) 1991-02-28
US4840032A (en) 1989-06-20

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