EP0278210B1 - Cartridge ammunition for firearms - Google Patents
Cartridge ammunition for firearms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0278210B1 EP0278210B1 EP87890275A EP87890275A EP0278210B1 EP 0278210 B1 EP0278210 B1 EP 0278210B1 EP 87890275 A EP87890275 A EP 87890275A EP 87890275 A EP87890275 A EP 87890275A EP 0278210 B1 EP0278210 B1 EP 0278210B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- cartridge
- case
- socket
- ignition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/32—Cartridge cases for rim fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/045—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile of telescopic type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cartridge for firearms, having a plastic sleeve which holds a propellant charge and an ignition means and which forms a rifle-like socket on the head side for inserting a projectile.
- Cartridge casings not only serve to connect and protect the projectile, propellant charge and ignition means, but above all they should also provide the projectile with a firm, centering holder and help seal the hold of the firearm when the propellant charge is fired and fired.
- the sleeves for sharp cartridges have so far mostly been made of metal, but this requires expensive manufacture and a high cartridge weight. Attempting to use caseless cartridges has not been successful since the cartridge, without the protective, guiding and sealing functions of the sleeve, is far too unsafe to operate and makes the firearm unreliable.
- cartridge cases made of plastic, which hold the projectile sufficiently securely and sealingly with a correspondingly strong sleeve-like frame and which hold the propellant charge in the sleeve interior following the frame.
- the ignition means sits, for example, in the form of a primer in the center of the base area of the sleeve and therefore also requires an axial ignition pin or a similarly axially acting ignition device.
- these ignition devices are quite complex, prone to failure and increase the overall length of the firearm.
- the plastic sleeves have to perform important sealing functions in the loading area for the firing of the shot, which is usually difficult with cartridges with base igniters and associated ignition devices.
- the bottom of the plastic sleeve in order to be able to securely hold the primer or the like, the bottom of the plastic sleeve must also be designed with considerable wall thickness, as a result of which the sleeve volume for the propellant charge is reduced or the sleeve length is increased.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and creating a cartridge of the type described at the outset, which can be produced efficiently, makes axially acting ignition devices unnecessary and, moreover, offers the best conditions for a complete combustion of the propellant charge.
- the invention solves this problem by the fact that the head part of the sleeve forming the socket is produced as a separate component separate from the rest of the sleeve part, the head part and / or sleeve part having an annular groove for the ignition means that is circumferential in the jacket area and open into the sleeve interior.
- a cartridge with a plastic sleeve and an edge fuse is created, which can be ignited by radially or tangentially acting ignition devices and avoids all disadvantages of the axially acting ignition devices.
- the detonator surrounds the propellant charge in a ring, so that the ignition can take place at any circumferential location and the propellant charge is not ignited in a punctiform manner from the inside, but in a ring form from the outside, which ensures safe and complete combustion of the propellant charge. Since the ring groove of the plastic sleeve can be produced without additional effort and a special reinforcement of the sleeve base is not necessary, this results in a cheap, reliable cartridge with a short length plastic sleeve.
- the entire production process can be rationalized and the sleeve parts can be combined with different head parts without difficulty in order to produce several types of cartridges, such as sharp cartridges, blank cartridges, light cartridges or the like.
- this division into two makes it easier to produce the annular groove in the head part, the parting plane being in the region of or an annular groove to facilitate the removal of the plastic sleeve. It is entirely possible to provide only the head part or only the sleeve part or both parts with the edge detonators, thereby making the cartridge suitable for one or the other ignition device. If edge detonators are prepared in the head and sleeve parts, the cartridge can be detonated with various detonators and therefore can also be fired from different weapon types.
- the annular groove of the head part in the area of the socket and / or the annular groove of the sleeve part in the area of the floor there are sufficient fixed abutments for the edge detonators, without any special additional measures, on the one hand through the projectile, and on the other hand through the rigidity of the preferably completely closed floor Ignition agent must be squeezed by the acting ignition device when igniting.
- a cartridge according to the invention is schematically illustrated using a partially sectioned side view.
- a cartridge 1 has a two-part plastic sleeve 2, one part, the sleeve part 2a, holding a propellant charge 3 and the other part, the head part 2b, forming a sleeve-like socket 4 for holding a projectile 5.
- Both the sleeve part 2a and the head part 2b of the plastic sleeve 2 have open annular grooves 6a, 6b in the interior of the sleeve, which run on the one hand in the edge region of the completely closed bottom 7 of the sleeve 2 and on the other hand in the dividing area of the sleeve around the socket 4 and one Ignition means 8 included.
- a cartridge 1 is produced in a rational manner, which has a plastic sleeve 2 provided with edge igniters 6a, 6b, 8.
- the cartridge 1 can be suitably equipped for firearms with one or the other detonating detonating devices which require an edge detonator only in the head part 21b or only in the sleeve part 2a, in which case the cartridge always requires a suitable detonating device and not both one can be fired as well as with the other type of ignition device.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Patrone für Schußwaffen, mit einer eine Treibladung und ein Zündmittel aufnehmenden Kunststoffhülse, die kopfseitig eine büchsenartige Fassung zum Einsetzen eines Geschosses bildet.The invention relates to a cartridge for firearms, having a plastic sleeve which holds a propellant charge and an ignition means and which forms a rifle-like socket on the head side for inserting a projectile.
Patronenhülsen dienen nicht nur zur Verbindung und zum Schutz von Geschoß, Treibladung und Zündmittel, sondern sie sollen vor allem auch dem Geschoß eine feste, zentrierende Halterung bieten und zur Abdichtung des Laderaumes der Schußwaffe bei der Treibladungszündung und Schußabgabe beitragen. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, bestehen bisher die Hülsen für scharfe Patronen meist aus Metall, was aber eine teure Herstellung und ein hohes Patronengewicht bedingt. Der Versuch, hülsenlose Patronen zu verwenden, hat sich nicht bewährt, da die Patrone ohne die Schutz-, Führungs- und Dichtungsfunktion der Hülse viel zu unsicher in der Wirkung ist und die Schußwaffe unzuverlässig macht.Cartridge casings not only serve to connect and protect the projectile, propellant charge and ignition means, but above all they should also provide the projectile with a firm, centering holder and help seal the hold of the firearm when the propellant charge is fired and fired. In order to meet these requirements, the sleeves for sharp cartridges have so far mostly been made of metal, but this requires expensive manufacture and a high cartridge weight. Attempting to use caseless cartridges has not been successful since the cartridge, without the protective, guiding and sealing functions of the sleeve, is far too unsafe to operate and makes the firearm unreliable.
Um die Vorteile einer Patronenhülse nutzen und dennoch Herstellungskosten und Patronengewicht senken zu können, gibt es auch bereits Patronenhülsen aus Kunststoff, die das Geschoß mit einer entsprechend starken büchsenartigen Fassung ausreichend sicher und dichtend haltern und im an die Fassung anschließenden Hülseninneren die Treibladung aufnehmen. Das Zündmittel sitzt beispielsweise in Form eines Zündhütchens mittig im Bodenbereich der Hülse und verlangt daher auch einen axialen Zündstift oder eine ähnlich axal wirkende Zündeinrichtung. Diese Zündeinrichtungen sind allerdings recht aufwendig, störanfällig und vergrößern die Baulänge der Schußwaffe. Außerdem ist durch diese Zündeinrichtungen und die ihnen zugeordneten zentralen Zündhütchen od. dgl. nur eine punktförmige Zündung der Treibladung möglich, wodurch es zu einer unvollständigegn Verbrennung der Treibladung mit entsprechenden Einbußen der Schußleistung und Rückständen an unverbranntem Pulver kommen kann. Da sich weiters nach der Schußabgabe im Laderaum verbleibende Kunststoffhülsen wegen ihrer geringen Festigkeit nicht wie Metallhülsen einfach durch Auszieherkrallen od. dgl. aus dem Laderaum ausziehen lassen, benötigen Patronen mit Kunststoffhülsen, um funktionssicher abschießbar zu sein, spezielle Verschluß- und Ladeeinrichtungen, die eine vom Lauf getrennte, relativ zum Lauf querbewegliche, den Laderaum bildende Ladekammer aufweisen. Diese Ladekammer kann daher zum Laden und Entladen von der zum Lauf koaxialen Schußposition in eine den Laderaum öffnende Lade- und Entladeposition gebracht werden, wodurch vor allem ein einwandfreies Ausstoßen der Kunststoffhülsen aus dem Laderaum möglich ist.In order to take advantage of a cartridge case and still be able to reduce manufacturing costs and cartridge weight, there are already cartridge cases made of plastic, which hold the projectile sufficiently securely and sealingly with a correspondingly strong sleeve-like frame and which hold the propellant charge in the sleeve interior following the frame. The ignition means sits, for example, in the form of a primer in the center of the base area of the sleeve and therefore also requires an axial ignition pin or a similarly axially acting ignition device. However, these ignition devices are quite complex, prone to failure and increase the overall length of the firearm. In addition, only a punctiform ignition of the propellant charge is possible by means of these ignition devices and the central primers or the like assigned to them, which can lead to incomplete combustion of the propellant charge with corresponding losses in the firing performance and residues of unburned powder. Since, after the shot has been fired, plastic sleeves remaining in the loading space cannot be pulled out of the loading space simply by means of pull-out claws or the like because of their low strength, cartridges with plastic sleeves, in order to be functionally lockable, require special locking and loading devices, one of which Have barrel separate, relative to the barrel movable loading chamber forming the loading space. This loading chamber can therefore be brought for loading and unloading from the coaxial shot position to the barrel in a loading and unloading position opening the loading space, which above all allows the plastic sleeves to be properly ejected from the loading space.
Hier müssen aber die Kunststoffhülsen wichtige Dichtungsfunktionen im Laderaum für die Schußabgabe übernehmen, was bei Patronen mit Bodenzündem und zughehörigen Zündeinrichtungen meist nur schlecht gelingt. Darüber hinaus ist auch der Boden der Kunststoffhülse, um das Zündhütchen od. dgl. sicher aufnehmen zu können, mit beträchtlicher Wandstärke auszubilden, wodurch sich das Hülsenvolumen für die Treibladung verringert oder die Hülsenlänge vergrößert.Here, however, the plastic sleeves have to perform important sealing functions in the loading area for the firing of the shot, which is usually difficult with cartridges with base igniters and associated ignition devices. In addition, in order to be able to securely hold the primer or the like, the bottom of the plastic sleeve must also be designed with considerable wall thickness, as a result of which the sleeve volume for the propellant charge is reduced or the sleeve length is increased.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu beseitigen und eine Patrone der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, die rationell herstellbar ist, axial wirkende Zündeinrichtungen unnötig macht und darüber hinaus beste Voraussetzungen für eine vollständige Verbrennung der Treibladung bietet.The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and creating a cartridge of the type described at the outset, which can be produced efficiently, makes axially acting ignition devices unnecessary and, moreover, offers the best conditions for a complete combustion of the propellant charge.
Die Erfindung löst diese gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, daß der die Fassung bildende Kopfteil der Hülse als eigener, vom übrigen Hülsenteil getrennte Bauteil hergestellt ist, wobei Kopfteil und/oder Hülsenteil eine im Mantelbereich umlaufende, ins Hülseninnere hin offene Ringnut für das Zündmittel aufweisen. Auf einfache Weise entsteht eine Patrone mit Kunststoffhülse und einem Randzünder, der durch radial oder tangential einwirkende Zündeinrichtungen zu zünden ist und alle Nachteile der axial wirkenden Zündeinrichtungen vermeidet. Der Randzünder umgibt die Treibladung ringförmig, so daß die Zündung an jeder beliebigen Umfangsstelle erfolgen kann und die Treibladung nicht punktförmig von innen, sondern ringförmig von außen gezündet wird, womit eine sichere und auch vollständige Verbrennung der Treibladung gewährleistet ist. Da sich die Ringnut der Kunststoffhülse ohne Mehraufwand herstellen läßt und eine spezielle Verstärkung des Hülsenbodens nicht notwendig ist, ergibt sich eine billige, zuverlässige Patrone mit Kunststoffhülse kurzer Länge.The invention solves this problem by the fact that the head part of the sleeve forming the socket is produced as a separate component separate from the rest of the sleeve part, the head part and / or sleeve part having an annular groove for the ignition means that is circumferential in the jacket area and open into the sleeve interior. In a simple manner, a cartridge with a plastic sleeve and an edge fuse is created, which can be ignited by radially or tangentially acting ignition devices and avoids all disadvantages of the axially acting ignition devices. The detonator surrounds the propellant charge in a ring, so that the ignition can take place at any circumferential location and the propellant charge is not ignited in a punctiform manner from the inside, but in a ring form from the outside, which ensures safe and complete combustion of the propellant charge. Since the ring groove of the plastic sleeve can be produced without additional effort and a special reinforcement of the sleeve base is not necessary, this results in a cheap, reliable cartridge with a short length plastic sleeve.
Durch die Zweiteilung der Hülse kann der ganze Fertigungsablauf rationalisiert werden und ohne Schwierigkeiten lassen sich die Hülsenteile mit verschiedenen Kopfteilen kombinieren, um mehrere Patronenarten, wie scharfe Patronen, Platzpatronen, Leuchtpatronen od. dgl. zu erzeugen. Außerdem läßt sich durch diese Zweiteilung auch die Ringnut im Kopfteil einfacher herstellen, wobei zur Erleichterung des Entformens der Kunststoffhülse die Teilungsebene im Bereich der oder einer Ringnut liegen wird. Es ist durchaus möglich, nur den Kopfteil oder nur den Hülsenteil oder auch beide Teile mit den Randzündern zu versehen und dadurch die Patrone für die eine oder andere Zündeinrichtung geeignet zu machen. Sind in Kopf- und Hülsenteil Randzünder vorbereitet, kann die Patrone mit verschiedenen Zündeinrichtungen gezündet und daher auch aus verschiedenen Waffentypen verschossen werden.By dividing the sleeve into two parts, the entire production process can be rationalized and the sleeve parts can be combined with different head parts without difficulty in order to produce several types of cartridges, such as sharp cartridges, blank cartridges, light cartridges or the like. In addition, this division into two makes it easier to produce the annular groove in the head part, the parting plane being in the region of or an annular groove to facilitate the removal of the plastic sleeve. It is entirely possible to provide only the head part or only the sleeve part or both parts with the edge detonators, thereby making the cartridge suitable for one or the other ignition device. If edge detonators are prepared in the head and sleeve parts, the cartridge can be detonated with various detonators and therefore can also be fired from different weapon types.
Verlaufen erfindungsgemäß die Ringnut des Kopfteiles im Bereich der Fassung und/oder die Ringnut des Hülsenteiles im Bereich des Bodens, ergeben sich ohne besondere zusätzliche Maßnahmen einerseits durch das Geschoß, anderseits durch die Steifigkeit des vorzugsweise vollkommen geschlossenen Bodens genügend feste Widerlager für die Randzünder, deren Zündmittel ja beim Zünden durch die einwirkende Zündeinrichtung gequetscht werden muß.According to the invention, if the annular groove of the head part in the area of the socket and / or the annular groove of the sleeve part in the area of the floor, there are sufficient fixed abutments for the edge detonators, without any special additional measures, on the one hand through the projectile, and on the other hand through the rigidity of the preferably completely closed floor Ignition agent must be squeezed by the acting ignition device when igniting.
In der Zeichnung ist eine erfindungsgemäße Patrone schematisch anhand einer teilgeschnittenen Seitenansicht veranschaulicht.In the drawing, a cartridge according to the invention is schematically illustrated using a partially sectioned side view.
Eine Patrone 1 besitzt eine zweigeteilte Kunststoffhülse 2, wobei der eine Teil, der Hülsenteil 2a, eine Treibladung 3 aufnimmt und der andere Teil, der Kopfteil 2b, eine büchsenartige Fassung 4 zur Halterung eines Geschosses 5 bildet. Sowohl der Hülsenteil 2a, als auch der Kopfteil 2b der Kunststoffhülse 2 weisen ins Hülseninnere hin offene Ringnuten 6a, 6b auf, die einerseits im Randbereich des vollkommen geschlossenen Bodens 7 der Hülse 2 und anderseits im Teilungsbeeich der Hülse um die Fassung 4 herum verlaufen und ein Zündmittel 8 enthalten.A
Es entsteht auf rationelle Weise eine Patrone 1, die eine mit Randzündern 6a, 6b, 8 versehene Kunststoffhülse 2 aufweist. Selbstverständlich kann die Patrone 1 entsprechend ihre Eignung für Schußwaffen mit den einen oder anderen Randzünder verlangenden Zündeinrichtungen nur im Kopfteil 21 b oder nur im Hülsenteil 2a mit einem Randzünder ausgerüstet sein, in welchem Fall die Patrone allerdings stets eine geeignete Zündeinrichtung verlangt und nicht sowohl mit der einen als auch mit der anderen Art Zündeinrichtung verschossen werden kann.A
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT3203/86 | 1986-12-02 | ||
| AT0320386A AT389586B (en) | 1986-12-02 | 1986-12-02 | CARTRIDGE FOR FIREARMS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0278210A1 EP0278210A1 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
| EP0278210B1 true EP0278210B1 (en) | 1990-03-14 |
Family
ID=3546961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87890275A Expired - Lifetime EP0278210B1 (en) | 1986-12-02 | 1987-11-30 | Cartridge ammunition for firearms |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4848237A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0278210B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT389586B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU594537B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3761923D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2014498B3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3000412T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2679993B1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1995-02-24 | Giat Ind Sa | AMMUNITION, ESPECIALLY OF THE TELESCOPE TYPE. |
| US6959647B2 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2005-11-01 | Mark A. Wistrom | Cartridge for a firearm |
| US6367389B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2002-04-09 | Mark A. Westrom | Cartridge for a firearm |
| AT412510B (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2005-03-25 | Oregon Ets Patentverwertung | BULLET |
| US7165496B2 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2007-01-23 | Reynolds S Paul | Piston head cartridge for a firearm |
| US7581344B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-09-01 | Armalite, Inc. | Weapon extractor and cartridge |
| US7841279B2 (en) | 2006-05-24 | 2010-11-30 | Reynolds George L | Delayed extraction and a firearm cartridge case |
| US8807039B2 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-08-19 | Aai Corporation | Ballistic sealing, component retention, and projectile launch control for an ammunition cartridge assembly |
| US9267772B2 (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2016-02-23 | Aai Corporation | Ballistic sealing, component retention, and projectile launch control for an ammunition cartridge assembly |
| US11465207B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2022-10-11 | Concurrent Technologies Corporation | Shell case design utilizing metal injection molding |
| US10871361B2 (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2020-12-22 | Concurrent Technologies Corporation | Metal injection molded cased telescoped ammunition |
| US10488164B1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-11-26 | Larry Utt | Firearm system configured to fire a cartridge of reduced length |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1470591A (en) * | 1920-04-20 | 1923-10-16 | Behar Manoel Felix | Gun and ammunition therefor |
| US2306551A (en) * | 1940-07-06 | 1942-12-29 | William P Maroney | Gun firing means |
| US2379056A (en) * | 1943-07-20 | 1945-06-26 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Propellent powder |
| US3547030A (en) * | 1954-01-27 | 1970-12-15 | Us Army | Rocket and cartridge case therefor |
| US2931039A (en) * | 1955-08-29 | 1960-04-05 | Olin Mathieson | Cartridge firing apparatus |
| US2922341A (en) * | 1955-11-07 | 1960-01-26 | Olin Mathieson | Projectile propelling system |
| US2931093A (en) * | 1957-04-24 | 1960-04-05 | John A Luckey | Electrical mat switch and method of making the same |
| US2996988A (en) * | 1958-03-04 | 1961-08-22 | Hughes Tool Company Aircraft D | Cartridge for firearms having sideloaded firing chambers |
| FR1571251A (en) * | 1958-11-07 | 1969-06-20 | ||
| US3046890A (en) * | 1959-09-11 | 1962-07-31 | Dardick Corp | Ammunition for open chamber guns |
| US3485170A (en) * | 1967-11-29 | 1969-12-23 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Expendable case ammunition |
| US3609904A (en) * | 1969-05-07 | 1971-10-05 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Extractable plastic cartridge |
| US3611937A (en) * | 1969-05-15 | 1971-10-12 | Friedrich G Hildebrand | Reloadable adaptor for rim-fire cartridges |
| DE2100434A1 (en) * | 1970-05-02 | 1972-07-20 | Schirneker, Hans Ludwig, Klaus (Österreich) | Handgun and ammunition for the same |
| GB1353343A (en) * | 1970-05-02 | 1974-05-15 | Schirneker H L | Ammunition for hand firearms |
| US3808973A (en) * | 1971-05-31 | 1974-05-07 | Giulo Fiocchi Spa | Self-propelling projectile for firearms |
| US3760729A (en) * | 1971-12-21 | 1973-09-25 | Us Army | Hermetically sealed plastic cartridge case/cap system |
| DE2209459A1 (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1973-09-06 | Friedrich W Odenberg | Cartridge case - for propellant charge and projectile |
| DE2320399A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-10-31 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | GUN CARTRIDGE |
| DE2850879A1 (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-06-19 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | MULTI-HOLE INJECTION NOZZLE FOR AIR COMPRESSING ENGINES |
| AT386896B (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-10-25 | Steyr Daimler Puch Ag | CARTRIDGE FOR FIREARMS |
-
1986
- 1986-12-02 AT AT0320386A patent/AT389586B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-11-25 US US07/125,535 patent/US4848237A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-30 DE DE8787890275T patent/DE3761923D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-30 ES ES87890275T patent/ES2014498B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-30 AU AU81902/87A patent/AU594537B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-11-30 EP EP87890275A patent/EP0278210B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-26 GR GR89400257T patent/GR3000412T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU594537B2 (en) | 1990-03-08 |
| DE3761923D1 (en) | 1990-04-19 |
| GR3000412T3 (en) | 1991-06-28 |
| AT389586B (en) | 1989-12-27 |
| EP0278210A1 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
| US4848237A (en) | 1989-07-18 |
| ATA320386A (en) | 1989-05-15 |
| AU8190287A (en) | 1988-06-02 |
| ES2014498B3 (en) | 1990-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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