EP0277450A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Keramik-Metall-Verbundstoffen unter Verwendung tensioaktiver Metalle an den Keramik-Metall-Kontaktflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Keramik-Metall-Verbundstoffen unter Verwendung tensioaktiver Metalle an den Keramik-Metall-Kontaktflächen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0277450A1 EP0277450A1 EP19870420356 EP87420356A EP0277450A1 EP 0277450 A1 EP0277450 A1 EP 0277450A1 EP 19870420356 EP19870420356 EP 19870420356 EP 87420356 A EP87420356 A EP 87420356A EP 0277450 A1 EP0277450 A1 EP 0277450A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- ceramic
- phase
- powder
- manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical group N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 claims 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNCWKBNJIUQMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Ni+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Ni+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] BNCWKBNJIUQMOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ceramic-metal composites and their production methods. It makes it possible to produce, by the methods of powder metallurgy and / or ceramic, a set of homogeneous polyphase materials, which have at least one ceramic phase and one metal phase.
- Powder metallurgy technologies are now well known. They derive from ceramic art. Details of these can be found, in particular, in French patent 2,057,562.
- the constituents of the materials to be formed are used in the form of powders, some of which may be pre-alloyed beforehand.
- the rest of the process is conditioned by the type of shaping used to make the desired article. among the different possible types, it should be mentioned, although this is not limiting: - pouring into a porous mold, - spreading in thin sheet, - extrusion, - thermoplastic injection, - pressing, - electrophoresis, etc ...
- a temporary binder is generally added to the composition, in the form of an organic polymer. Its role is to gather the grains of powder into small quasi-spherical granules of similar size and provided with plasticity.
- the pressing dies are fed with this granule. It allows a reproducible filling.
- a pressure close to 1 T / cm2 by means of two punches, in the case of biaxial pressing. Under the effect of the pressure, the granules deform until they become practically contiguous while expelling residual air from the matrix. Compacts are thus obtained, the density of which can be greater than 70% of the theoretical density.
- the compacts are then transferred to ovens to be densified by the sintering operation, after purification of the organic binders.
- This sintering can be carried out with or without pressure at a sufficient temperature, in the vast majority of cases, to achieve volume diffusion of the elements.
- the compacts evolve towards greater stability, on the one hand, by reducing their surface energy by elimination of the pores and crystal growth and, on the other hand, by forming the stable phases at the considered temperatures.
- the binding phase has a continuity character: it coats the grains of the dispersed phase or phases, but generally remains a minority in volume; by way of example, it can be said that the binding phase occupies 30% + or - 10% of the volume. It is under these conditions that, in general, the best properties are obtained, without this is an absolute rule.
- heterogeneities encountered in these systems, at the end of the production processes, such as sintering or infiltration, are of two types: - Porosity, - Poor phase dispersion.
- the role of the surfactants will be to serve as an intermediary between the dispersed and metal phases, and to lower the energy of GIBBS of the whole. It has been found that certain metals which have a certain affinity for the metal phase and an affinity for the ceramic phase, particularly by forming compounds, of very negative free enthalpy, could play this role. This is particularly the case when the surfactant element has an isotype (or even isomorphic) compound, or a structure close to that of the ceramic phase.
- These surface-active elements are particularly reactive, and especially with respect to oxygen; this is the reason why, rather than using them directly in metal form, one will preferably use one of their compounds, easily decomposable to heat, such as hydrides.
- These compounds, generators of surface-active elements are introduced in pulverulent form, before mixing-grinding of the other constituents, with a suitable particle size, so as to obtain an intimate mixture and of uniform particle size of the whole.
- the systems which are the subject of the invention contain a metallic part, which is a minority in volume, ie from 50% to 5%, and a ceramic part, ie from 50% to 95%; this metallic part, contains, in addition, the surface-active metals, which ensure the connection and the transition between the metallic and ceramic phases, possibly by the formation of compounds, during the sintering process.
- the ceramic material is chosen from the following compounds: - corundum type compounds: Al203, Cr203, Ti203 Y203, etc ..., - silicon nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride, - titanium diboride, - silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide,
- the metal part is chosen from the metals and alloys below: - nickel, - alloys refractory to Ni, Cr, Co, Fe (type the product known under the brand name Refractaloy) - controlled expansion alloys based on iron and nickel, known under the brand names Invar, ADR, N42, N56, Dilver, or Platinite - aluminum, - alloy used in friction such as lead bronze, tin, aluminum, silicon.
- ceramics, metals, compounds generating surface-active metals are used in the form of powders. These powders are used by the methods of powder metallurgy (or ceramic), methods well known to those skilled in the art, for the production of objects, obtained in the green state, in an intermediate stage. These objects are then densified in a secondary vacuum oven preferably working under load (although the load is not necessary).
- the sintering temperature is located near the melting temperature of the metal alloy used (for example more or less 100 ° C). During the heat treatment, the surface-active metal or metals diffuse and ensure the bonding at the interfaces, with possible formation of compounds or alloys.
- an argon sweep is carried out, with a flow rate of 1 l / min. approximately, for 2 min., in order to expel most of the air. Then we close the jar quickly.
- the jar is placed on a jar turner, speed of the order of 90 revolutions per minute, and it is rotated for approximately 8 hours. The purpose of this operation is to homogenize and grind the different constituents.
- the suspension of beads is separated, then it is dried with stirring to avoid demixing of the constituents, optionally under reduced pressure, preferably in a granulator.
- the powder is then compacted in the press in the form of test tubes, and the residual camphor is sublimed.
- the test pieces are then treated in a sintering oven under load, working under secondary vacuum.
- One operates under a vacuum of 10 ⁇ 5 torre and under a load corresponding to a pressure of 10 MPa.
- the heat treatment comprises a level of decomposition of hydrides between 300 ° C and 500 ° C and a level of sintering 30 min. at 1200 ° C, the temperature rise being carried out in 2 hours.
- a pellet of density 6.02 is obtained.
- the duration and the temperature of the sintering stage depend on the pressure exerted: without pressure they can be brought to 2 hours and 1450 ° C, respectively.
- Ceramic-metal composites are thus obtained, corresponding to the invention.
- Sintering is carried out under the following conditions: Temperature rise of 1000 ° C, linearly in 75 min. , under vacuum of 10 ⁇ 5 torre without pressure; progressive loading up to a pressure of 10 MPa reached in 15 min. and maintaining the pressure until the end of the heat treatment; rise to 1350 ° C in 1 hour and step of 40 min. at this temperature.
- a composite pellet of density 5.15 is obtained.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with a heat treatment of 1 hour at 1360 ° C, according to the following formula: - 438 g of chromium oxide - 236 g of MCrA1Y alloy.
- the composition of MCrA1Y is in percentage: Ni 10, Co 52, Cr 25, Al 7, Ti 5, YO, 75; Its average particle size is around 25 microns.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87420356T ATE90398T1 (de) | 1986-12-29 | 1987-12-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von keramik-metallverbundstoffen unter verwendung tensioaktiver metalle an den keramik-metall-kontaktflaechen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8618479 | 1986-12-29 | ||
| FR8618479A FR2608950B1 (fr) | 1986-12-29 | 1986-12-29 | Procede de fabrication de materiaux composites ceramique-metal par utilisation de metaux tensio-actifs aux interfaces ceramique-metal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0277450A1 true EP0277450A1 (de) | 1988-08-10 |
| EP0277450B1 EP0277450B1 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
Family
ID=9342523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87420356A Expired - Lifetime EP0277450B1 (de) | 1986-12-29 | 1987-12-29 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Keramik-Metall-Verbundstoffen unter Verwendung tensioaktiver Metalle an den Keramik-Metall-Kontaktflächen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0277450B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE90398T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3786163T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2042597T3 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2608950B1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5145513A (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1992-09-08 | Centre National De Le Recherche Scientifique | Process for the preparing via the in situ reduction of their components and grinding oxide/metal composite materials |
| WO2015139699A1 (de) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Lagerelement für ein gleit- oder wälzlager |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005211B4 (de) | 2007-01-30 | 2010-03-11 | Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundwerkstoffes |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1473618A (fr) * | 1966-03-30 | 1967-03-17 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Procédé de fabrication d'alliages de nickel et de chrome renforcés par une dispersion d'oxyde réfractaire |
| FR2057562A5 (de) * | 1969-08-27 | 1971-05-21 | Int Nickel Ltd | |
| FR2095826A5 (de) * | 1970-06-22 | 1972-02-11 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | |
| FR2223473A1 (de) * | 1973-03-28 | 1974-10-25 | United Aircraft Corp |
-
1986
- 1986-12-29 FR FR8618479A patent/FR2608950B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-12-29 DE DE87420356T patent/DE3786163T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-29 AT AT87420356T patent/ATE90398T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-29 EP EP87420356A patent/EP0277450B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-29 ES ES87420356T patent/ES2042597T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1473618A (fr) * | 1966-03-30 | 1967-03-17 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Procédé de fabrication d'alliages de nickel et de chrome renforcés par une dispersion d'oxyde réfractaire |
| FR2057562A5 (de) * | 1969-08-27 | 1971-05-21 | Int Nickel Ltd | |
| FR2095826A5 (de) * | 1970-06-22 | 1972-02-11 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | |
| FR2223473A1 (de) * | 1973-03-28 | 1974-10-25 | United Aircraft Corp |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 10, no. 17 (C-324)[2074], 23 janvier 1986; & JP-A-60 169 533 (TOSHIBA TUNGALOY K.K.) 03-09-1985 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 5, no. 85 (C-57)[757], 3 juin 1981; & JP-A-56 029 650 (TOSHIBA TUNGALOY K.K.) 25-03-1981 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5145513A (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1992-09-08 | Centre National De Le Recherche Scientifique | Process for the preparing via the in situ reduction of their components and grinding oxide/metal composite materials |
| WO2015139699A1 (de) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-24 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Lagerelement für ein gleit- oder wälzlager |
| CN106415036A (zh) * | 2014-03-20 | 2017-02-15 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | 用于滑动轴承或滚动轴承的轴承元件 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE90398T1 (de) | 1993-06-15 |
| DE3786163D1 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
| FR2608950A1 (fr) | 1988-07-01 |
| EP0277450B1 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
| ES2042597T3 (es) | 1993-12-16 |
| DE3786163T2 (de) | 1994-01-27 |
| FR2608950B1 (fr) | 1991-10-18 |
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