EP0273165B1 - Method of making a corona electrode and electrode made by this method - Google Patents
Method of making a corona electrode and electrode made by this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0273165B1 EP0273165B1 EP87116693A EP87116693A EP0273165B1 EP 0273165 B1 EP0273165 B1 EP 0273165B1 EP 87116693 A EP87116693 A EP 87116693A EP 87116693 A EP87116693 A EP 87116693A EP 0273165 B1 EP0273165 B1 EP 0273165B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- electrode
- corona
- corona electrode
- dielectric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a corona electrode consisting of an at least partially electrically conductive core which has a dielectric coating.
- a corona electrode of the generic type is known from US-A-42 27 234.
- copper is mentioned as the electrically conductive core material, for example.
- Other suitable metals are also mentioned.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a corona electrode which can be operated by a high-frequency generator operating with alternating voltage and which is characterized by low susceptibility to wear and high efficiency.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that the core consists of malleable graphite and is coated with a predominantly non-oxidic material, preferably non-oxidic ceramic, which forms the dielectric coating and has a minimum density of 95% of the theoretical density.
- Such a corona electrode is characterized by the fact that even with a very thin coating of the core and with permanent point stress with a high-frequency high voltage for several hours, a puncture-proof insulation is also possible because the so-called corona ignition voltage is very low, with which a very good efficiency is achieved.
- the reference numeral 1 designates a high-voltage generator which, during operation, can output a high-frequency high voltage to a corona electrode shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 via its connections 2 and 3.
- the corona electrode shown in FIG. 2 is provided overall with the reference number 4.
- This corona electrode 4 consists of a core 5 and a dielectric 6 in the form of a coating of the core 5.
- the core 5 preferably consists of a moldable core material which is highly thermally conductive and has almost the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the material of the coating.
- the core 5 preferably consists of graphite.
- the dielectric 6 consists predominantly of non-oxide material, preferably of a ceramic material such as boron nitride, silicon nitride or aluminum nitride, and a mixture of the aforementioned materials is also conceivable. However, a mixture of ceramic materials made of non-oxidic and oxidic components is also conceivable.
- the core 5 is preferably coated with a minimum density of 95% of the theoretical density.
- the core 5 can be coated both in the PVD process (physical vapor deposition) and in the CVD process (chemical vapor deposition).
- Coating of the core 5 by the plasma spraying method is also possible.
- boron nitride is used for the coating, it is advantageous to use boron nitride in hexagonal, anisotropic form.
- the dielectric 6 of the corona electrode 4 consists overall of a relatively thin layer made of the materials mentioned above.
- Fig. 2 clearly shows that the corona electrode 4 on the Point for the electrical contact cable is not provided with a dielectric 6, so that there is the possibility of being able to join a plurality of corona electrodes 4 designed in this way in a short-circuit-proof manner.
- Fig. 3 makes it clear that a thin coating of the electrode core 5 with the dielectric 6 already mentioned makes it possible to design the discharge webs 11 extremely sharp-edged and thus increasing efficiency.
- the corona discharge 10 takes place here against a metal plate 12 which is connected to ground.
- the core 5 of the corona electrode 4 is provided with a cooling bore 13 running in the direction of its longitudinal axis, the reveal of which is in turn coated with a dielectric 6.
- the corona electrode 4 shown in FIG. 4 has a hollow core 5 which is completely and externally partially coated with a dielectric 6 in its interior.
- This corona electrode 4 can be vented in the same direction in which the corona discharge 10 occurs.
- the venting direction is indicated by arrow A in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5 shows a corona electrode 4, in which an internal electrode gap, angled through 90 °, is coated with a thin dielectric 6.
- a metal wire 15 is exposed to a corona discharge 10.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Koronaelektrode, bestehend aus einem zumindest teilweise elektrisch leitfähigen Kern, der eine dielektrische Beschichtung aufweist.The present invention relates to a corona electrode consisting of an at least partially electrically conductive core which has a dielectric coating.
Eine Koronaelektrode der gattungsgemäßen Art ist aus der US-A-42 27 234 bekannt.A corona electrode of the generic type is known from US-A-42 27 234.
In dem genannten Dokument wird als elektrisch leitfähiges Kernmaterial beispielsweise Kupfer genannt. Darüber hinaus werden noch andere geeignete Metalle erwähnt.In the document mentioned, copper is mentioned as the electrically conductive core material, for example. Other suitable metals are also mentioned.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine von einem mit Wechselspannung arbeitenden hochfrequenten Hochspannungsgenerator betreibbare Koronaelektrode zu schaffen, die sich durch eine geringe Verschleißanfälligkeit und einen hohen Wirkungsgrad auszeichnet. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Kern aus formbarem Graphit besteht und mit einem die dielektrische Beschichtung bildenden, überwiegend nichtoxydischen Material, vorzugsweise nichtoxydischer Keramik mit einer Mindestdichte von 95 % zur theoretischen Dichte überzogen ist.The present invention has for its object to provide a corona electrode which can be operated by a high-frequency generator operating with alternating voltage and which is characterized by low susceptibility to wear and high efficiency. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the core consists of malleable graphite and is coated with a predominantly non-oxidic material, preferably non-oxidic ceramic, which forms the dielectric coating and has a minimum density of 95% of the theoretical density.
Eine derartige Koronaelektrode zeichnet sich sowohl dadurch aus, daß selbst bei einer sehr dünnen Beschichtung des Kernes und bei Punkt-Dauerbelastung mit einer hochfrequenten Hochspannung über mehrere Stunden eine durchschlagsichere Isolation möglich ist wie auch dadurch, daß die sogenannte Korona-Zündspannung sehr gering ist, womit ein sehr guter Wirkungsgrad erzielt ist.Such a corona electrode is characterized by the fact that even with a very thin coating of the core and with permanent point stress with a high-frequency high voltage for several hours, a puncture-proof insulation is also possible because the so-called corona ignition voltage is very low, with which a very good efficiency is achieved.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung des Erfindungsgegenstandes besteht darin, daß der aus Graphit bestehende Kern ein Preßteil ist.An advantageous further development of the subject matter of the invention is that the graphite core is a pressed part.
Anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen wird der Erfindungsgedanke noch einmal ausführlich erläutert.The concept of the invention is once again explained in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings.
Im einzelnen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Hochspannungsgenerator für den Betrieb einer Koronaelektrode
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch eine Koronaelektrode
- Fig. 3
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Koronaelektrode in perspektivischer Darstellung
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt durch eine Koronaelektrode nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel
- Fig. 5
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer weiteren Koronaelektrode.
- Fig. 1
- a high voltage generator for the operation of a corona electrode
- Fig. 2
- a section through a corona electrode
- Fig. 3
- another embodiment of a corona electrode in a perspective view
- Fig. 4
- a section through a corona electrode according to another embodiment
- Fig. 5
- an embodiment of a further corona electrode.
In Fig. 1 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 ein Hochspannungsgenerator bezeichnet, der bei Betrieb über seine Anschlüsse 2 und 3 eine hochfrequente Hochspannung an eine in den Fig. 2 bis 5 dargestellte Koronaelektrode abgeben kann.In Fig. 1, the reference numeral 1 designates a high-voltage generator which, during operation, can output a high-frequency high voltage to a corona electrode shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 via its
Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Koronaelektrode ist insgesamt mit dem Bezugszeichen 4 versehen.The corona electrode shown in FIG. 2 is provided overall with the
Diese Koronaelektrode 4 besteht aus einem Kern 5 sowie einem Dielektrikum 6 in Form einer Beschichtung des Kernes 5.This
Der Kern 5 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem formbaren Kernmaterial, welches gut wärmeleitfähig ist und den nahezu gleichen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizienten wie das Material der Beschichtung aufweist. Vorzugsweise besteht der Kern 5 aus Graphit.The
Das Dielektrikum 6 besteht überwiegend aus nichtoxydischem Material, bevorzugt aus einem keramischen Material wie Bornitrid, Siliziumnitrid oder Aluminiumnitrid, ebenso ist ein Gemisch der vorgenannten Materialien denkbar. Es ist allerdings auch ein Gemisch aus keramischen Materialien aus nichtoxydischen und oxydischen Anteilen denkbar.The dielectric 6 consists predominantly of non-oxide material, preferably of a ceramic material such as boron nitride, silicon nitride or aluminum nitride, and a mixture of the aforementioned materials is also conceivable. However, a mixture of ceramic materials made of non-oxidic and oxidic components is also conceivable.
Die Beschichtung des Kernes 5 erfolgt vorzugsweise mit einer Mindestdichte von 95 % der theoretischen Dichte.The
Der Kern 5 kann sowohl im PVD-Verfahren (Physical-Vapour-Deposition) wie auch im CVD-Verfahren (Chemical-Vapour-Deposition) beschichtet werden.The
Ebenso ist es denkbar, die Beschichtung des Kernes 5 im Sinterverfahren oder durch chemisches Reaktionssintern durchzuführen.It is also conceivable to carry out the coating of the
Es kommt auch eine Beschichtung des Kernes 5 nach dem Plasmar-Spritzverfahren in Frage.Coating of the
Sofern für die Beschichtung ausschließlich Bornitrid verwendet wird, ist es vorteilhaft, Bornitrid in hexagonaler, anisotropischer Form zu verwenden.If only boron nitride is used for the coating, it is advantageous to use boron nitride in hexagonal, anisotropic form.
Die Verwendung eines Kernmaterials, welches einerseits gut wärmeleitfähig ist und andererseits nahezu zu dem gleichen Temperaturausdehnungskoeffizient wie das für die Beschichtung verwendete Material besitzt, bietet den Vorteil, daß keine Dilaminationen in den Materialgrenzschichten erfolgen. Somit wird eine elektrisch durchschlagsichere Koronaelektrode geschaffen.The use of a core material, which on the one hand has good thermal conductivity and on the other hand has almost the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the material used for the coating, offers the advantage that no dilutions occur in the material boundary layers. This creates an electrically puncture-proof corona electrode.
Die Verwendung von Mischkeramik zur Beschichtung ermöglicht die Herstellung preiswerter Koronaelektroden in hoher Qualität.The use of mixed ceramics for coating enables the manufacture of inexpensive, high-quality corona electrodes.
Das Dielektrikum 6 der Koronaelektrode 4 besteht insgesamt aus einer relativ dünnen Schichte aus den oben erwähnten Materialien.The dielectric 6 of the
Bei anliegender Hochspannung an den Anschlüssen 7 der Koronaelektrode 4 sowie 8 einer als Walze ausgebildeten Gegenelektrode 9 entsteht zwischen der Koronaelektrode 4 und der Gegenelektrode 9 eine elektrische Koronaentladung 10.When high voltage is present at the connections 7 of the
Fig. 2 zeigt deutlich, daß die Koronaelektrode 4 an der Stelle für die elektrische Kontaktkabel nicht mit einem Dielektrikum 6 versehen ist, so daß die Möglichkeit besteht, mehrere, derart ausgestalteter Koronaelektroden 4 kurzschlußsicher zusammenfügen zu können.Fig. 2 clearly shows that the
Fig. 3 macht deutlich, daß durch eine dünne Beschichtung des Elektrodenkernes 5 mit dem schon erwähnten Dielektrikum 6 die Möglichkeit besteht, die Entladungsstege 11 äußerst scharfkantig und somit wirkungsgraderhöhend ausbilden zu können. Die Koronaentladung 10 erfolgt hier gegen eine an Masse liegende Metallplatte 12.Fig. 3 makes it clear that a thin coating of the
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 3 ist der Kern 5 der Koronaelektrode 4 mit einer in Richtung seiner Längsachse verlaufenden Kühlbohrung 13 versehen, deren Leibung wiederum mit einem Dielektrikum 6 beschichtet ist.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, the
Die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Koronaelektrode 4 weist einen Hohlkern 5 auf, der in seinem Inneren vollständig und äußerlich teilweis mit einem Dielektrikum 6 beschichtet ist.The
Eine Entlüftung dieser Koronaelektrode 4 ist in der gleichen Richtung möglich, in der sich die Koronaentladung 10 einstellt. Die Entlüftungsrichtung ist durch den Pfeil A in Fig. 4 gekennzeichnet.This
Eine nur teilweise Aufbringung des Dielektrikums 6 im äußeren Bereich der Koronaelektrode ermöglicht es, im nichtbeschichteten Bereich beispielsweise ein Gewinde 14 an der Koronaelektrode 4 anzubringen.Only a partial application of the dielectric 6 in the outer area of the corona electrode enables, for example, a thread in the non-coated
In Fig. 5 ist eine Koronaelektrode 4 dargestellt, bei der ein innenliegender Elektrodenspalt, um 90° abgewinkelt, mit einem wiederum dünne Dielektrikum 6 beschichtet ist. In diesem Elektrodenspalt kann z.B. ein Metalldraht 15 einer Koronaentladung 10 ausgesetzt werden.5 shows a
Claims (2)
- A corona discharge electrode comprising an at least partially electrically conductive core (5) which has a dielectric coating (6), characterised in that the core (5) comprises shapable graphite and is covered with a predominantly non-oxidic material forming the dielectric coating (6), preferably non-oxidic ceramic, with a minimum density of 95% relative to the theoretical density.
- A corona discharge electrode according to claim 1 characterised in that the core (5) comprising graphite is a pressing.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3640966 | 1986-11-29 | ||
| DE19863640966 DE3640966A1 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1986-11-29 | Method of producing a corona electrode |
| DE8632118U | 1986-11-29 | ||
| DE19868632118 DE8632118U1 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1986-11-29 | Corona electrode |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0273165A2 EP0273165A2 (en) | 1988-07-06 |
| EP0273165A3 EP0273165A3 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
| EP0273165B1 true EP0273165B1 (en) | 1992-10-07 |
Family
ID=25849894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87116693A Expired - Lifetime EP0273165B1 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1987-11-12 | Method of making a corona electrode and electrode made by this method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4841409A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0273165B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3782152D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2035015T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5447763A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1995-09-05 | Ion Systems, Inc. | Silicon ion emitter electrodes |
| US5257073A (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1993-10-26 | Xerox Corporation | Corona generating device |
| US5401368A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1995-03-28 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Fluid-cooled hollow copper electrodes and their use in corona or ozone applications |
| US6309610B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 2001-10-30 | Science Applications International Corporation | Non-thermal plasma apparatus utilizing dielectrically-coated electrodes for treating effluent gas |
| WO2010081153A2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2010-07-15 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Igniter system for igniting fuel |
| CN102109116B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2016-06-22 | 秦彪 | Led light module and led chip |
| US9004969B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2015-04-14 | Federal-Mogul Ignition Company | Spark plug electrode and spark plug manufacturing method |
| EP2866318A1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-29 | OCE-Technologies B.V. | Electrode for dielectric barrier discharge treatment of a substrate |
| US10879677B2 (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2020-12-29 | Tenneco Inc. | Shaped collet for electrical stress grading in corona ignition systems |
| CN112673598A (en) | 2018-06-18 | 2021-04-16 | R·阿加沃尔 | Method and system for signal transmission and reception |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2843646A (en) * | 1953-06-09 | 1958-07-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Laminated metal ceramic |
| US3163753A (en) * | 1961-09-12 | 1964-12-29 | Du Pont | Process and apparatus for electrostatically applying separating and forwarding forces to a moving stream of discrete elements of dielectric material |
| JPS5333852A (en) * | 1976-08-31 | 1978-03-30 | Sato Zoki Co Ltd | Straw treating device in combine |
| US4110614A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-08-29 | Xerox Corporation | Corona device |
| US4145386A (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1979-03-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for the surface treatment of thermoplastic materials |
| JPS5947845B2 (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1984-11-21 | シャープ株式会社 | Transparent conductive film manufacturing method |
| US4227234A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-10-07 | Xerox Corporation | Corona charging element |
| JPS56165165A (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1981-12-18 | Canon Inc | Charger |
| JPS58215743A (en) * | 1982-06-09 | 1983-12-15 | Hitachi Ltd | Contact type recording medium |
| JPS59176054A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-10-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Ink jet recording apparatus |
| US4564759A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1986-01-14 | Ensign-Bickford Industries, Inc. | Corona discharge device |
| JPS61132966A (en) * | 1984-12-01 | 1986-06-20 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Alumina-coated corona wire for electrophotography |
| US4696778A (en) * | 1986-01-31 | 1987-09-29 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Process for sintering silicon nitride articles |
-
1987
- 1987-11-12 EP EP87116693A patent/EP0273165B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-12 ES ES198787116693T patent/ES2035015T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-12 DE DE8787116693T patent/DE3782152D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-30 US US07/127,280 patent/US4841409A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 10, Nr. 327 (P-513), 07.11.86, & JP-A-61 132 966 (KOBE STEEL) * |
| Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 3, Nr. 47 (E-105), 20.04.79, & JP-A-54 025 493 (SHARP) * |
| Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 8, Nr. 68 (P-264), 30.03.84 & JP-A-58 215 743 (HITACHI) * |
| Patent Abstracts of Japan, Band 9, Nr. 34 (M-357), 14.02.85, & JP-A-59 176 054 (MATSUSHITA) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0273165A3 (en) | 1988-07-20 |
| EP0273165A2 (en) | 1988-07-06 |
| ES2035015T3 (en) | 1993-04-16 |
| US4841409A (en) | 1989-06-20 |
| DE3782152D1 (en) | 1992-11-12 |
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