EP3469617B1 - Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters - Google Patents
Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3469617B1 EP3469617B1 EP17739964.9A EP17739964A EP3469617B1 EP 3469617 B1 EP3469617 B1 EP 3469617B1 EP 17739964 A EP17739964 A EP 17739964A EP 3469617 B1 EP3469617 B1 EP 3469617B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic insulator
- interrupters
- discharge path
- electrically conductive
- vacuum
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims description 73
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
- H01H2033/66276—Details relating to the mounting of screens in vacuum switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
- H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
- H01H2033/66292—Details relating to the use of multiple screens in vacuum switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters and a vacuum interrupter with a corresponding ceramic insulator.
- vacuum interrupters which have a ceramic tube as an insulator, which is closed in a vacuum-tight manner at its ends and at the ends of which either a moving contact or a fixed contact is introduced into the vacuum tube from the outside.
- the extension of individual insulators does not lead to the goal of high dielectric strength, as can be achieved, for example, with lightning impulse voltages of e.g. 650 KV with a technically and economically justifiable effort.
- the JP2010073460A discloses a vacuum interrupter having a stepped inner surface, which inner surface is coated with a low electrical resistance layer.
- the object of the invention is now to provide a ceramic insulator for vacuum tubes which is cheaper to produce and eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a ceramic insulator according to the invention for vacuum interrupters is formed by a ceramic insulator which extends along a longitudinal extent and has a cavity in this longitudinal extent.
- the cavity has a first opening on a first side of the longitudinal extent and a second opening on a second side of the longitudinal extent.
- the first opening and the second opening are suitable for being sealed in a gas-tight manner by suitable connection means.
- the sealed first opening is suitable at least leading a fixed contact into the cavity and the closed second opening is suitable to lead at least one moving contact into the cavity.
- the ceramic insulator further has, on the inside of the cavity, a plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator, the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers having an annular and/or bead-shaped structure. It is advantageous if the electrically conductive discharge path breakers form a closed path, ie a closed structure, in particular a ring structure, perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the ceramic insulator.
- the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are spaced apart from one another, and the length of the electrically conductive discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction is 5% to 30% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction.
- connection means for gas-tight sealing of the ceramic insulator are widely known in the prior art and are also referred to as bushings, for example.
- bushings for example.
- bellows or corrugated bellows bushings are known for guiding moving contacts into a vacuum in a vacuum-tight manner.
- the ceramic of the ceramic insulator is made in one piece.
- metal screens and/or metal structures can also be provided in addition to the electrically conductive discharge path breakers.
- a ceramic insulator in which the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed from a metal, and/or a metal-metal oxide mixture (also known as cermet) and/or a semiconductor, including electrically conductive semi-metallic compounds such as metal oxides, metal carbides , Metal nitrides, metal borides are understood.
- the ceramic insulator has a cylindrical shape, in particular a hollow cylindrical shape.
- the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed by metalization by sputtering or evaporation.
- Other methods according to the prior art are also suitable, such as chemical deposition from the liquid or gas phase, cold gas or plasma spraying, or thick-film methods such as doctoring, gluing or printing with subsequent baking of suitable substances.
- the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters additionally have an additional further metallization and the material properties, in particular with regard to the electrical and mechanical properties, are thus optimized.
- the additional further metallization is produced by means of galvanic methods and/or sputtering and/or vapor deposition.
- metallizations are arranged in the cavity of the ceramic insulator which extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal extension, ie in the circumferential direction of the ceramic insulator, on which metallizations the several electrically conductive discharge path interrupters are fastened.
- the distance between the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers is between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm.
- the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are spaced apart from each other and the length of the electrically conductive discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction is 5% to 30% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, it is also preferred that the extent of the electrically conductive discharge path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent is 5% to 30%, preferably 10% to 20% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent.
- the ceramic insulator also has one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator on the outside, ie the side that is not arranged in the vacuum.
- the electrically conductive discharge path breakers located on the outside possess some or all of the properties previously listed for the electrically conductive discharge path breakers disposed in the cavity.
- a vacuum interrupter with a ceramic insulator is also preferred.
- connection means are also referred to as bushings.
- bellows or corrugated bellows come into consideration for the moving contact.
- the figure 1 shows an example and a schematic of a long, one-piece insulator 5 of a vacuum tube with a vacuum side 2 and a gas side or outside 3. At high voltages, a breakdown path 4 occurs along the surface of the insulator 5 on the vacuum side 2.
- This breakdown path is dominated in vacuum by desorption of adsorbed gas layers by field-emitted electrons.
- figure 2 shows a multi-part insulator 6, the individual insulator segments of the insulator 6 being interrupted by metallic field control elements 7, and the metallic Field control elements protrude into the vacuum at least on the vacuum side 2, so as to ensure that the flashover path is interrupted.
- FIG 3 is a graphic representation of the total number of insulator segments Y1 over the segment length of the insulator segments X1 in mm for the isolation of 390 KV lightning impulse voltages.
- the figure shows the minimum number of ceramic insulator segments required to insulate 390 KV lightning impulse voltages as a function of segment length. A length of approx. 700 mm is therefore required for a solution with a single ceramic.
- the figure 4 shows a graphical representation of the total insulator length Y2 in mm versus the segment length of the insulators X2 in mm for a 650 KV lightning impulse load.
- the total insulator length of an insulator arrangement for 650 kV lightning impulse loads is shown as a function of the length of the individual segments. For short insulator segments with a length of 30 mm, for example, total insulator lengths of less than 300 mm are possible.
- the figure 5 shows a ceramic insulator 10 according to the invention with its longitudinal extension 20 and a cavity 15 located in the ceramic insulator.
- a first opening 31 is arranged on a first side 30 of the longitudinal extent 20
- a second opening 33 is arranged on a second side 32 of the longitudinal extent 20 .
- the figure 6 shows a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention with a fixed contact 38, which extends through a connection means 40 through the closed first opening 35. Also shown is the moving contact 37 of the vacuum interrupter 1, which extends through the second closed opening 36 by means of a suitable connection means 40, here a folded or corrugated bellows is indicated.
- the vacuum interrupter 1 also has a ceramic insulator 10 according to the invention with discharge path breakers 12 on.
- the fixed contact 38 and the moving contact 37 extend along the longitudinal extension 20.
Landscapes
- High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren und eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit entsprechendem Keramikisolator.The invention relates to a ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters and a vacuum interrupter with a corresponding ceramic insulator.
Im Stand der Technik sind Vakuumschaltröhren bekannt, die als Isolator eine Keramikröhre aufweisen, die an ihren Enden vakuumdicht verschlossen ist und an deren Enden jeweils entweder ein Bewegkontakt oder ein Festkontakt von außen in die Vakuumröhre eingeführt wird.In the prior art, vacuum interrupters are known which have a ceramic tube as an insulator, which is closed in a vacuum-tight manner at its ends and at the ends of which either a moving contact or a fixed contact is introduced into the vacuum tube from the outside.
Die technische Nutzbarkeit von diesen Keramiken ist aber aufgrund eines Entladungsaufbaus entlang der Isolatoren, insbesondere auf der Vakuumseite, eingeschränkt. Der Entladungsaufbau wird im Vakuum von der Desorption adsorbierter Gasschichten durch feldemittierte Elektronen beherrscht. Dabei skaliert die Spannungsfestigkeit (Durchbruchsfeldstärke) entlang der Oberfläche nicht mit der Isolatorlänge D, sondern nur proportional zu D-0,5.However, the technical usability of these ceramics is limited due to a discharge build-up along the insulators, particularly on the vacuum side. In vacuum, the discharge structure is dominated by the desorption of adsorbed gas layers by field-emitted electrons. The dielectric strength (breakdown field strength) along the surface does not scale with the insulator length D, but only proportionally to D -0.5 .
Dies hat zur Folge, daß insbesondere für hohe und sehr hohe Spannungen, insbesondere über 100 KV, es zunehmend schwieriger wird, die notwendige Spannungsfestigkeit bei beispielsweise Vakuumschaltröhren zu bewerkstelligen.The consequence of this is that, particularly for high and very high voltages, in particular above 100 KV, it is becoming increasingly difficult to achieve the necessary dielectric strength in vacuum interrupters, for example.
Da bei einstückigen Isolatoren so die Durchschlagsfeldstärke mit zunehmender Länge abnimmt, führt die Verlängerung einzelner Isolatoren nicht zum Ziel einer hohen Spannungsfestigkeit, wie sie beispielsweise bei Blitzstoßspannungen von z.B. 650 KV mit einem technisch und kostenseitig vertretbarem Aufwand zu realisieren ist.Since the breakdown field strength decreases with increasing length in the case of one-piece insulators, the extension of individual insulators does not lead to the goal of high dielectric strength, as can be achieved, for example, with lightning impulse voltages of e.g. 650 KV with a technically and economically justifiable effort.
Zusätzlich zu den hohen Kosten von einzelnen langen Isolatoren und der begrenzten Spannungsfestigkeit fallen auch die großen zu bewegenden Massen des Bewegkontaktes von langen Vakuumröhren, sowie eine entsprechend notwendige hohe Antriebsenergie negativ zu Buche.In addition to the high cost and limited dielectric strength of single long insulators, these also fall large masses to be moved of the moving contact of long vacuum tubes, as well as a correspondingly high drive energy required.
Im Stand der Technik wird dieses Problem durch segmentierte Isolationskörper realisiert, bei denen kürzere Isolatoren jeweils durch Metallstrukturen verbunden werden, die in den Vakuumbereich hineinragen und so die Entladungswege unterbrechen. Der Entladungsaufbau wird somit behindert. Wegen der höheren Anzahl an Verbindungsstellen und Einzelkeramiken sind die Kosten für solche Röhren relativ hoch.In the prior art, this problem is solved by segmented insulation bodies, in which shorter insulators are each connected by metal structures that protrude into the vacuum area and thus interrupt the discharge paths. The discharge build-up is thus hindered. Because of the higher number of joints and individual ceramics, the cost of such tubes is relatively high.
Die
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, einen Keramikisolator für Vakuumröhren bereitzustellen, der günstiger herzustellen ist und die Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik beseitigt.The object of the invention is now to provide a ceramic insulator for vacuum tubes which is cheaper to produce and eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch den unabhängigen Anspruch 1 und die von diesem Anspruch abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is solved by
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren wird dabei von einem Keramikisolator gebildet, der sich entlang einer Längsausdehnung erstreckt und in dieser Längsausdehnung einen Hohlraum aufweist. Der Hohlraum weist an einer ersten Seite der Längsausdehnung eine erste Öffnung auf und an einer zweiten Seite der Längsausdehnung eine zweite Öffnung. Die erste Öffnung und die zweite Öffnung sind geeignet, um durch geeignete Anschlussmittel gasdicht verschlossen zu werden. Die verschlossene erste Öffnung ist geeignet mindestens einen Festkontakt in den Hohlraum zu führen und die verschlossene zweite Öffnung ist geeignet mindestens einen Bewegkontakt in den Hohlraum zu führen. Der Keramikisolator weist weiter auf der Innenseite des Hohlraums mehrere, sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Keramikisolators erstreckende, elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher auf, wobei die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher eine ringförmige und/oder wulstförmige Struktur aufweisen. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Keramikisolators einen geschlossenen Pfad, also eine geschlossene Struktur, insbesondere eine Ringstruktur, ausbilden. Die mehreren, elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher weisen einen Abstand zueinander auf und die Ausdehnung der elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher in Richtung der Längsausdehnung beträgt 5 % bis 30 % des Abstandes zwischen den Entladungspfadunterbrechern in Richtung der Längsausdehnung.A ceramic insulator according to the invention for vacuum interrupters is formed by a ceramic insulator which extends along a longitudinal extent and has a cavity in this longitudinal extent. The cavity has a first opening on a first side of the longitudinal extent and a second opening on a second side of the longitudinal extent. The first opening and the second opening are suitable for being sealed in a gas-tight manner by suitable connection means. The sealed first opening is suitable at least leading a fixed contact into the cavity and the closed second opening is suitable to lead at least one moving contact into the cavity. The ceramic insulator further has, on the inside of the cavity, a plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator, the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers having an annular and/or bead-shaped structure. It is advantageous if the electrically conductive discharge path breakers form a closed path, ie a closed structure, in particular a ring structure, perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the ceramic insulator. The plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are spaced apart from one another, and the length of the electrically conductive discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction is 5% to 30% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction.
Die geeigneten Anschlussmittel zum gasdichten Verschließen des Keramikisolators sind im Stand der Technik weitgehend bekannt und werden beispielsweise auch als Durchführungen bezeichnet. Insbesondere sind Faltenbalg- oder Wellbalgdurchführungen bekannt um Bewegkontakte vakuumdicht in ein Vakuum zuführen.The suitable connection means for gas-tight sealing of the ceramic insulator are widely known in the prior art and are also referred to as bushings, for example. In particular, bellows or corrugated bellows bushings are known for guiding moving contacts into a vacuum in a vacuum-tight manner.
Es wird bevorzugt, dass die Keramik des Keramikisolators einteilig ausgeführt ist.It is preferred that the ceramic of the ceramic insulator is made in one piece.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführung zweiteiligen oder mehrteiligen Ausführung können zusätzlich zu den elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern auch Metallschirme und/oder Metallstrukturen vorgesehen sein, wie sie im Stand der Technik bekannt sind.In a further embodiment of a two-part or multi-part embodiment, metal screens and/or metal structures, as are known in the prior art, can also be provided in addition to the electrically conductive discharge path breakers.
Zur starken Erhöhung der Spannungsfestigkeit ist es also auch möglich, mehrteilige, durch Metallstrukturen unterbrochene, Keramikisolatoren zu verwenden, und diese mit elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern zu kombinieren.In order to greatly increase the dielectric strength, it is also possible to use multi-part, interrupted by metal structures, To use ceramic insulators and combine them with electrically conductive discharge path breakers.
Auch wird ein Keramikisolator bevorzugt, bei dem die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher aus einem Metall, und/oder einer Metall-Metalloxid-Mischung (auch als Cermet bekannt) und/oder einem Halbleiter gebildet werden, worunter auch elektrisch leitfähige halbmetallische Verbindungen wie Metalloxide, Metallkarbide, Metallnitride, Metallboride verstanden werden.Also preferred is a ceramic insulator in which the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed from a metal, and/or a metal-metal oxide mixture (also known as cermet) and/or a semiconductor, including electrically conductive semi-metallic compounds such as metal oxides, metal carbides , Metal nitrides, metal borides are understood.
Bevorzugt wird auch, dass der Keramikisolator eine Zylinderform, insbesondere eine Hohlzylinderform, aufweist.It is also preferred that the ceramic insulator has a cylindrical shape, in particular a hollow cylindrical shape.
Auch wird bevorzugt, dass die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher mittels einer Metallisierung durch Sputtern oder Aufdampfen gebildet werden. Ebenso geeignet sind andere Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik wie beispielsweise chemische Abscheidung aus der Flüssig- oder Gasphase, Kaltgas- oder Plasmaspritzen, oder Dickschichtverfahren wie Aufrakeln, Aufkleben oder -drucken mit anschließendem Einbrennen geeigneter Substanzen. Weiter wird bevorzugt, dass die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher zusätzlich über eine zusätzliche weitere Metallisierung verfügen und so die Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere in Bezug auf die elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften optimiert werden.Also, it is preferable that the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed by metalization by sputtering or evaporation. Other methods according to the prior art are also suitable, such as chemical deposition from the liquid or gas phase, cold gas or plasma spraying, or thick-film methods such as doctoring, gluing or printing with subsequent baking of suitable substances. Furthermore, it is preferred that the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters additionally have an additional further metallization and the material properties, in particular with regard to the electrical and mechanical properties, are thus optimized.
Bevorzugt wird auch, dass die zusätzliche weitere Metallisierung mittels galvanischer Verfahren und/oder Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen erzeugt wird.It is also preferred that the additional further metallization is produced by means of galvanic methods and/or sputtering and/or vapor deposition.
Bevorzugt wird auch, dass im Hohlraum des Keramikisolators mehrere sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung, d.h. in Umfangsrichtung des Keramikisolators erstreckende Metalisierungen angeordnet sind, auf denen die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher befestigt sind.It is also preferred that several metallizations are arranged in the cavity of the ceramic insulator which extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal extension, ie in the circumferential direction of the ceramic insulator, on which metallizations the several electrically conductive discharge path interrupters are fastened.
Auch wird bevorzugt, dass der Abstand zwischen den mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern zwischen 5 mm und 50 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 20 mm beträgt.Also, it is preferable that the distance between the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers is between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm.
Auch wird bevorzugt, dass die mehreren, elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen und die Ausdehnung der elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher in Richtung der Längsausdehnung 5 % bis 30 % des Abstandes zwischen den Entladungspfadunterbrechern in Richtung der Längsausdehnung beträgt. Weiter wird auch bevorzugt, dass die Ausdehnung der elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher in Richtung der Längsausdehnung 5% bis 30%, bevorzugt 10 % bis 20 % des Abstandes zwischen den Entladungspfadunterbrechern in Richtung der Längsausdehnung beträgt.Also, it is preferable that the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers are spaced apart from each other and the length of the electrically conductive discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction is 5% to 30% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, it is also preferred that the extent of the electrically conductive discharge path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent is 5% to 30%, preferably 10% to 20% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent.
Bevorzugt wird auch, dass der Keramikisolator auch auf der Außenseite, also der Seite, die nicht im Vakuum angeordnet ist, einen oder mehrere, sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Keramikisolators erstreckende, elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher aufweist. Bevorzugt wird insbesondere, dass die sich auf der Außenseite befindlichen elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher einige oder alle der zuvor für die im Hohlraum angeordneten elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher aufgeführten Eigenschaften besitzen.It is also preferred that the ceramic insulator also has one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator on the outside, ie the side that is not arranged in the vacuum. In particular, it is preferred that the electrically conductive discharge path breakers located on the outside possess some or all of the properties previously listed for the electrically conductive discharge path breakers disposed in the cavity.
Bevorzugt wird auch eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Keramikisolator gemäß den vorstehenden Ausführungen.A vacuum interrupter with a ceramic insulator according to the above statements is also preferred.
Die Anschlussmittel werden auch als Durchführungen bezeichnet. Für den Bewegkontakt kommen insbesondere, aber nicht ausschließlich, Faltenbalge oder Wellbalge in Betracht.The connection means are also referred to as bushings. In particular, but not exclusively, bellows or corrugated bellows come into consideration for the moving contact.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Figuren erläutert.
- Figur 1:
- Schematische Darstellung eines einteiligen, langen Isolators mit geringer elektrischer Festigkeit;
- Figur 2:
- Schematische Darstellung eines mehrteiligen Isolators aus dem Stand der Technik zur Unterbrechung von Überschlägen entlang der Oberfläche des Isolators;
- Figur 3:
- Graphische Darstellung der Anzahl der Isolatorsegmente über der Segmentlänge der Isolatorsegmente bei 390 KV Blitzstoßspannung;
- Figur 4:
- Graphische Darstellung der Isolatorgesamtlänge über der Länge der Isolatorsegmente für eine 650 KV Blitzstoßbelastung;
- Figur 5:
- Schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Keramikisolators mit elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern;
- Figur 6:
- Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Keramikisolator mit elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern.
- Figure 1:
- Schematic representation of a one-piece long insulator with low electrical strength;
- Figure 2:
- Schematic representation of a prior art multi-part insulator for interrupting flashovers along the surface of the insulator;
- Figure 3:
- Graphic representation of the number of insulator segments over the segment length of the insulator segments at 390 KV lightning impulse voltage;
- Figure 4:
- Plot of total insulator length versus insulator segment length for a 650 KV lightning impulse load;
- Figure 5:
- Schematic representation of a ceramic insulator according to the invention with electrically conductive discharge path breakers;
- Figure 6:
- Vacuum interrupter with a ceramic insulator according to the invention with electrically conductive discharge path breakers.
Die
Dieser Durchschlagspfad wird im Vakuum durch Desorption adsorbierter Gasschichten durch feldemittierte Elektronen beherrscht.This breakdown path is dominated in vacuum by desorption of adsorbed gas layers by field-emitted electrons.
Bei der
Die
Die
Auf einer ersten Seite 30 der Längsausdehnung 20 ist eine erste Öffnung 31 angeordnet, an einer zweiten Seite 32 der Längsausdehnung 20 ist eine zweite Öffnung 33 angeordnet.A
Die
Claims (12)
- Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1), wherein the ceramic insulator (10) extends along a longitudinal extent (20) and forms a cavity (15) in said longitudinal extent (20),wherein the cavity (15) comprises a first opening (31) on a first side (30) of the longitudinal extent (20), and a second opening (33) on a second side (32) of the longitudinal extent (20), the openings being suitable for being sealed in a gas-tight manner using appropriate connecting means (40), and wherein the sealed first opening (35) is suitable for guiding at least one fixed contact (38) into the cavity (15), and the sealed second opening (37) is suitable for guiding at least one moving contact (37) into the cavity (15), whereinthe ceramic insulator (10) comprises, on an inner face of the cavity (15), a plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12), extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10), wherein the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) have an annular and/or convex structure,characterized in thatthe plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) have a mutual clearance, and the extent of the electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12), in the direction of the longitudinal extent (20), is 5% to 30% of the clearance between the discharge path interrupters (12) in the direction of the longitudinal extent (20).
- Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that
the ceramic of the ceramic insulator (10) is configured as a one-piece component. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to either of Claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that
the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) are formed from a metal and/or a cermet and/or a semiconductor. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the ceramic insulator (10) has a cylindrical shape. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) are formed by means of a metal-plating method, and/or a spraying method, and/or a chemical deposition method, and/or a printing method, and/or sputtering and/or vapor deposition. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to Claim 5,
characterized in that
the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) are additionally provided with an additional further metal plating. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to Claim 6,
characterized in that
the additional further metal plating is generated by galvanic methods, and/or by chemical deposition methods, and/or by printing methods, and/or by sputtering and/or by vapor deposition. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
in the cavity (15) of the ceramic insulator (10), one or more metal platings are arranged, extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10), upon which the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) are secured. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the clearance between the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) lies between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm. - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) have a mutual clearance, and the extent of the electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12), in the direction of the longitudinal extent (20), is 10% to 20% of the clearance between the discharge path interrupters (12) in the direction of the longitudinal extent (20). - Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the ceramic insulator (10), on the outer side, also comprises one or more electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12), extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10). - Vacuum interrupter having a ceramic insulator (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016214755.2A DE102016214755A1 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters |
PCT/EP2017/067652 WO2018028918A1 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2017-07-13 | Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3469617A1 EP3469617A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
EP3469617B1 true EP3469617B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
Family
ID=59350923
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17739964.9A Active EP3469617B1 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2017-07-13 | Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10840044B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3469617B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109564835B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016214755A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018028918A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019211345A1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-04 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Interrupter unit with a vacuum tube and an insulating housing |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3178541A (en) * | 1961-02-16 | 1965-04-13 | Jennings Radio Mfg Corp | Envelope construction for vacuumized electric switch including means internally providing capacitive voltage division between adjacent terminals |
US4267415A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1981-05-12 | Electric Power Research Institute | Current limiter vacuum envelope |
DD226690A1 (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1985-08-28 | Buchwitz Otto Starkstrom | A pole |
DE8534022U1 (en) * | 1985-12-03 | 1987-06-11 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Vacuum interrupter |
DE19503347A1 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-08 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Shielding element surrounding the contact point of a vacuum switch |
US7758917B2 (en) | 2004-09-25 | 2010-07-20 | Abb Technology Ag | Method of producing an arc-erosion resistant coating and corresponding shield for vacuum interrupter chambers |
DE102005043484B4 (en) | 2005-09-13 | 2007-09-20 | Abb Technology Ag | Vacuum interrupter chamber |
DE102007022875B4 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2009-04-09 | Siemens Ag | Housing for a vacuum interrupter and vacuum interrupter |
JP5139215B2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2013-02-06 | 株式会社東芝 | Vacuum valve |
DE102009031598B4 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-06-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vacuum interrupter |
KR101100708B1 (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2011-12-30 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Vacuum interrupter |
DE102010043984B4 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2022-01-20 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Vacuum interrupter with a tube body |
JP2012230876A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-11-22 | Toshiba Corp | Vacuum valve, and manufacturing method thereof |
CN104145318B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2016-04-13 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of vacuum interrupter with fixing fracture |
CN103632882A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-12 | 戴顿(重庆)高压开关有限公司 | Three-position disconnecting switch and vacuum switch integrated insulator |
CN204497139U (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-07-22 | 天津平高智能电气有限公司 | Vacuum interrupter and cylindrical shell thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-08-09 DE DE102016214755.2A patent/DE102016214755A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-07-13 US US16/324,640 patent/US10840044B2/en active Active
- 2017-07-13 EP EP17739964.9A patent/EP3469617B1/en active Active
- 2017-07-13 WO PCT/EP2017/067652 patent/WO2018028918A1/en unknown
- 2017-07-13 CN CN201780048258.0A patent/CN109564835B/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3469617A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
DE102016214755A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
US10840044B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
CN109564835B (en) | 2021-03-02 |
WO2018028918A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
CN109564835A (en) | 2019-04-02 |
US20190172667A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
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