EP3469617A1 - Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters - Google Patents

Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters

Info

Publication number
EP3469617A1
EP3469617A1 EP17739964.9A EP17739964A EP3469617A1 EP 3469617 A1 EP3469617 A1 EP 3469617A1 EP 17739964 A EP17739964 A EP 17739964A EP 3469617 A1 EP3469617 A1 EP 3469617A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic insulator
electrically conductive
discharge path
cavity
vacuum interrupters
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17739964.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3469617B1 (en
Inventor
Frank Graskowski
Werner Hartmann
Sylvio Kosse
Andreas Lawall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3469617A1 publication Critical patent/EP3469617A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3469617B1 publication Critical patent/EP3469617B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66276—Details relating to the mounting of screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66292—Details relating to the use of multiple screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters, a vacuum interrupter with a corresponding ceramic insulator, and a method for producing a ceramic insulator.
  • vacuum interrupters which have a ceramic tube as insulator, which is sealed vacuum-tight at their ends and at the ends of each entwe ⁇ a moving contact or a fixed contact is introduced from the outside into the vacuum tube.
  • the breakdown field strength decreases with integral insulators with increasing length, the extension does not result in single ⁇ ner insulators the target of a high withstand voltage, such as wall, for example in case of lightning surges of, for example 650 KV with a technically and cost-side reasonable up to be realized.
  • a high withstand voltage such as wall
  • the large moving masses of the moving contact of long vacuum tubes, as well as a correspondingly high drive energy have a negative impact.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a ceramic insulator for vacuum tubes, which is cheaper to manufacture and eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a ceramic insulator according to the invention for vacuum interrupters is formed by a ceramic insulator which extends along a longitudinal extent and has a cavity in this longitudinal extent.
  • the cavity has a first opening on a first side of the longitudinal extension and a second opening on a second side of the longitudinal extension.
  • the first opening and the second opening are suitable for being sealed gas-tight by suitable connection means.
  • the sealed first opening is adapted to perform least a fixed contact in the cavity and the sealed second opening is adapted to guide at least one Be ⁇ wegtitle into the cavity Minim ⁇ .
  • the ceramic insulator further comprises on the inside of the cavity or several ⁇ re, perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator extending, electrically conductive discharge path breaker on. It is advantageous if the electrically conductive Entla ⁇ dung path breaker perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the
  • Keramikisolators a closed path, so a closed ⁇ structure, is especially a ring structure, the training.
  • the suitable connecting means for gas-tight sealing of the ceramic insulator largely be ⁇ known in the art and examples are also referred to as bushings.
  • bellows or Wellbalg to ⁇ guides are known to moving contacts vacuum tight in a vacuum out.
  • the ceramic of the ceramic insulator is made in one piece.
  • metal screens and / or metal structures may be provided in addition to the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers, as are known in the prior art.
  • the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed from a metal, and / or a metal-metal oxide mixture (also known as cermet) and / or a semiconductor, including electrically conductive semimetallic Compounds such as metal oxides, metal carbides, Me ⁇ tallnitride, metal borides are understood.
  • the ceramic insulator has a cylindrical shape, in particular a hollow cylindrical shape. It is also preferred that advertising formed by metallization by sputtering or vapor deposition of the one or more elekt ⁇ driven conductive discharge path the interrupter. Also suitable are other methods of the prior art such as chemical vapor deposition from the liquid or gas phase, cold gas or plasma spraying, or thick-film process such as doctoring, sticking or printing with subsequent baking of suitable substances. It is further preferred that the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers additionally have an additional further metallization, thus optimizing the material properties, in particular with regard to the electrical and mechanical properties.
  • one or more perpendicular to the longitudinal extent, ie in the circumferential direction of the ceramic insulator extending Metalisie ⁇ ments are arranged on which the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers are attached.
  • the one or more elekt ⁇ driven conductive discharge path breaker have an annular and / or bead-like structure.
  • the distance between the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers is between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm. It is also preferred for the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers to be at a distance from one another and for the extent of the electrically conductive discharge path to be interrupted. Path breaker in the direction of the longitudinal extent is 5% to 30% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent. Next, the expansion of the electrically conductive dis- charges path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent of 5% to 30%, preferably will also preferably 10% in the direction of the longitudinal extent of up to 20% of the distance between the Ent ⁇ charging path breakers.
  • the ceramic insulator and on the outer side ie the side which is not disposed in a vacuum, one or more, including perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator extending, electrically conductive Entla ⁇ dung path breaker.
  • the electrically conductive discharge path breakers located on the outside have some or all of the properties previously listed for the electrically conductive discharge path breakers arranged in the cavity.
  • Ceramic insulator one along a longitudinal extension extending, base body which forms a cavity 15 in this longitudinal extent.
  • the cavity 15 has a first opening on a first side of the longitudinal extent and a second opening on a second side of the longitudinal extent, which is suitable for being closed in a gas-tight manner by suitable connection means.
  • the closed first opening is suitable for guiding at least one fixed contact into the cavity and the second closed opening is suitable for guiding at least one moving contact into the cavity.
  • the connection means are also referred to as feedthroughs.
  • For the moving contact come in particular, but not exclusively ⁇ lich, bellows or corrugated bellows into consideration.
  • the electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed by means of galvanic methods and / or chemical deposition methods and / or mechanical methods such as printing, knife coating and / or sputtering and / or vapor deposition on the structures and / or metallic see elements, preferably metallic ring elements be attached as elekt ⁇ driven guide Dende discharge path breaker to the structures by means of soldering.
  • Figure 1 Schematic representation of a one-piece, long
  • FIG. 2 Schematic representation of a multi-part isolator of the prior art for interrupting flashovers along the surface of the insulator;
  • Figure 4 Graphical representation of the total insulator length over the length of the insulator segments for a 650 KV lightning impingement
  • Figure 5 Schematic representation of a ceramic insulator according to the invention with electrically conductive Entla ⁇ dung path breakers
  • Figure 6 vacuum interrupter with an inventive
  • Ceramic insulator with electrically conductive discharge path breakers are provided.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example and schematically a long, one-piece insulator 5 of a vacuum tube with a vacuum side 2 and a gas side or outer side 3.
  • a breakdown path 4 At high Spannun ⁇ gene is produced along the surface of the insulator 5 to the vacuum side 2, a breakdown path 4. This breakdown path in the Controlled vacuum by desorption of adsorbed gas layers by field-emitted electrons.
  • Figure 2 shows a multi-part insulator 6, wherein the individual insulator segments of the insulator 6 of metallic
  • Field control elements 7 is interrupted, and protrude the metallic field control elements at least on the vacuum side 2 in the vacuum, so as to provide an interruption of the flashover path.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph depicting the total number of lung ⁇ insulator segments Yl via the segment length of the insulator segments XI in mm for the isolation of 390 KV lightning impulse voltages. Shown is the number of ceramic insulator segments required for the isolation of 390 KV lightning impulse voltages as a function of the segment length. For a solution with a single ceramic therefore a length of about 700 mm is necessary.
  • FIG. 4 shows a graphic representation of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 5 shows a ceramic insulator 10 according to the invention, with its longitudinal extent 20 and in which
  • Ceramic insulator located cavity 15.
  • the ceramic insulator has discharge path breaker 12.
  • FIG. 6 shows a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention with a fixed contact 38 which extends through a connecting means 40 through the closed first opening 35.
  • Ge ⁇ shows is also the moving contact 37 of the vacuum interrupter 1, which is indicated by a suitable connection means 40, here is a corrugated bellows or bellows, extends through the second ver ⁇ closed opening 36.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 furthermore has a ceramic insulator 10 according to the invention with discharge path breakers 12.
  • the fixed contact 38 and the moving contact 37 extend along the longitudinal extension 20.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1), the ceramic insulator (10) extending along a longitudinal extent (20) and forming a cavity (15) in said longitudinal extent (20). The cavity (15) comprises a first opening (31) on a first end (30) of the longitudinal extent (20) and a second opening (33) on a second end (32) of the longitudinal extent (20), a second opening (33). The openings are designed so that they can be sealed in a gas-tight manner using appropriate connecting means (40). The sealed first opening (35) is designed to guide at least one fixed contact (38) into the cavity (15), and the sealed second opening (37) is designed to guide at least one moving contact (37) into the cavity (15). The ceramic insulator (10) comprises, on an inner face of the cavity (15), one or multiple electrically conductive discharge path interrupters (12) extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10).

Description

Beschreibung description
Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren, eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit entsprechendem Keramikisolator, und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Keramikisolators . Im Stand der Technik sind Vakuumschaltröhren bekannt, die als Isolator eine Keramikröhre aufweisen, die an ihren Enden vakuumdicht verschlossen ist und an deren Enden jeweils entwe¬ der ein Bewegkontakt oder ein Festkontakt von außen in die Vakuumröhre eingeführt wird. The invention relates to a ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters, a vacuum interrupter with a corresponding ceramic insulator, and a method for producing a ceramic insulator. In the prior art vacuum interrupters are known, which have a ceramic tube as insulator, which is sealed vacuum-tight at their ends and at the ends of each entwe ¬ a moving contact or a fixed contact is introduced from the outside into the vacuum tube.
Die technische Nutzbarkeit von diesen Keramiken ist aber auf¬ grund eines Entladungsaufbaus entlang der Isolatoren, insbe¬ sondere auf der Vakuumseite, eingeschränkt. Der Entladungs¬ aufbau wird im Vakuum von der Desorption adsorbierter Gas- schichten durch feldemittierte Elektronen beherrscht. Dabei skaliert die Spannungsfestigkeit (Durchbruchsfeldstärke) ent¬ lang der Oberfläche nicht mit der Isolatorlänge D, sondern nur proportional zu D~0,5. Dies hat zur Folge, daß insbesondere für hohe und sehr hohe Spannungen, insbesondere über 100 KV, es zunehmend schwieriger wird, die notwendige Spannungsfestigkeit bei beispiels¬ weise Vakuumschaltröhren zu bewerkstelligen. Da bei einstückigen Isolatoren so die Durchschlagsfeldstärke mit zunehmender Länge abnimmt, führt die Verlängerung einzel¬ ner Isolatoren nicht zum Ziel einer hohen Spannungsfestigkeit, wie sie beispielsweise bei Blitzstoßspannungen von z.B. 650 KV mit einem technisch und kostenseitig vertretbarem Auf- wand zu realisieren ist. Zusätzlich zu den hohen Kosten von einzelnen langen Isolatoren und der begrenzten Spannungsfestigkeit fallen auch die großen zu bewegenden Massen des Bewegkontaktes von langen Vakuumröhren, sowie eine entsprechend notwendige hohe Antriebs- energie negativ zu Buche. The technical viability of these ceramics is, however, on the basis of a ¬ discharge assembly taken along insulators, in particular ¬ sondere on the vacuum side is restricted. The discharge ¬ construction is dominated in vacuum by the desorption of adsorbed gas layers by field-emitted electrons. The voltage resistance (breakdown field strength) not scaled 0.5 ent ¬ long the surface with the insulator length D, but only proportional to D ~. This has the consequence that, in particular for high and very high voltages, especially over 100 kV, it is increasingly difficult to accomplish the necessary dielectric strength in example ¬ as vacuum interrupters. As such, the breakdown field strength decreases with integral insulators with increasing length, the extension does not result in single ¬ ner insulators the target of a high withstand voltage, such as wall, for example in case of lightning surges of, for example 650 KV with a technically and cost-side reasonable up to be realized. In addition to the high cost of single long insulators and the limited withstand voltage, the large moving masses of the moving contact of long vacuum tubes, as well as a correspondingly high drive energy, have a negative impact.
Im Stand der Technik wird dieses Problem durch segmentierte Isolationskörper realisiert, bei denen kürzere Isolatoren jeweils durch Metallstrukturen verbunden werden, die in den Va- kuumbereich hineinragen und so die Entladungswege unterbre¬ chen. Der Entladungsaufbau wird somit behindert. Wegen der höheren Anzahl an Verbindungsstellen und Einzelkeramiken sind die Kosten für solche Röhren relativ hoch. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es nun, einen Keramikisolator für Vakuumröhren bereitzustellen, der günstiger herzustellen ist und die Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik beseitigt. In the prior art, this problem is realized by segmented insulating body in which shorter insulators are respectively connected by metal structures which project into the vacuum range Va and so the discharge paths interrup ¬ chen. The discharge structure is thus hindered. Because of the higher number of joints and single ceramics, the cost of such tubes is relatively high. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a ceramic insulator for vacuum tubes, which is cheaper to manufacture and eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch den unabhängigen Anspruch 1 und den unabhängigen Anspruch 14 und die von diesen Ansprüchen abhängigen Ansprüche. This object is achieved by the independent claim 1 and the independent claim 14 and the claims dependent on these claims.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Keramikisolator für Vakuumschaltröhren wird dabei von einem Keramikisolator gebildet, der sich ent- lang einer Längsausdehnung erstreckt und in dieser Längsausdehnung einen Hohlraum aufweist. Der Hohlraum weist an einer ersten Seite der Längsausdehnung eine erste Öffnung auf und an einer zweiten Seite der Längsausdehnung eine zweite Öffnung. Die erste Öffnung und die zweite Öffnung sind geeignet um durch geeignete Anschlussmittel gasdicht verschlossen zu werden. Die verschlossene erste Öffnung ist geeignet mindes¬ tens einen Festkontakt in den Hohlraum zu führen und die verschlossene zweite Öffnung ist geeignet mindestens einen Be¬ wegkontakt in den Hohlraum zu führen. Der Keramikisolator weist weiter auf der Innenseite des Hohlraums ein oder mehre¬ re, sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Keramikisolators erstreckende, elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher auf. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die elektrisch leitenden Entla¬ dungspfadunterbrecher senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des A ceramic insulator according to the invention for vacuum interrupters is formed by a ceramic insulator which extends along a longitudinal extent and has a cavity in this longitudinal extent. The cavity has a first opening on a first side of the longitudinal extension and a second opening on a second side of the longitudinal extension. The first opening and the second opening are suitable for being sealed gas-tight by suitable connection means. The sealed first opening is adapted to perform least a fixed contact in the cavity and the sealed second opening is adapted to guide at least one Be ¬ wegkontakt into the cavity Minim ¬. The ceramic insulator further comprises on the inside of the cavity or several ¬ re, perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator extending, electrically conductive discharge path breaker on. It is advantageous if the electrically conductive Entla ¬ dung path breaker perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the
Keramikisolators einen geschlossenen Pfad, also eine ge¬ schlossene Struktur, isbesondere eine Ringstruktur, ausbil- den . Keramikisolators a closed path, so a closed ¬ structure, is especially a ring structure, the training.
Die geeigneten Anschlussmittel zum gasdichten Verschließen des Keramikisolators sind im Stand der Technik weitgehend be¬ kannt und werden beispielsweise auch als Durchführungen be- zeichnet. Insbesondere sind Faltenbalg- oder Wellbalgdurch¬ führungen bekannt um Bewegkontakte vakuumdicht in ein Vakuum zuführen . The suitable connecting means for gas-tight sealing of the ceramic insulator largely be ¬ known in the art and examples are also referred to as bushings. In particular, bellows or Wellbalgdurch ¬ guides are known to moving contacts vacuum tight in a vacuum out.
Es wird bevorzugt, dass die Keramik des Keramikisolators ein- teilig ausgeführt ist. It is preferred that the ceramic of the ceramic insulator is made in one piece.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführung zweiteiligen oder mehrteiligen Ausführung können zusätzlich zu dem oder den elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher auch Metallschirme und/oder Metallstrukturen vorgesehen sein, wie sie im Stand der Technik bekannt sind. In a further embodiment of two-part or multi-part design, metal screens and / or metal structures may be provided in addition to the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers, as are known in the prior art.
Zur starken Erhöhung der Spannungsfestigkeit ist es also auch möglich, mehrteilige, durch Metallstrukturen unterbrochene, Keramikisolatoren zu verwenden, und diese mit elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern zu kombinieren. To greatly increase the dielectric strength, it is also possible to use multi-part, interrupted by metal structures, ceramic insulators, and to combine them with electrically conductive discharge path breakers.
Auch wird ein Keramikisolator bevorzugt, bei dem der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunter- brecher aus einem Metall, und/oder einer Metall-Metalloxid- Mischung (auch als Cermet bekannt) und/oder einem Halbleiter gebildet werden, worunter auch elektrisch leitfähige halbmetallische Verbindungen wie Metalloxide, Metallkarbide, Me¬ tallnitride, Metallboride verstanden werden. Also preferred is a ceramic insulator in which the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed from a metal, and / or a metal-metal oxide mixture (also known as cermet) and / or a semiconductor, including electrically conductive semimetallic Compounds such as metal oxides, metal carbides, Me ¬ tallnitride, metal borides are understood.
Bevorzugt wird auch, dass der Keramikisolator eine Zylinderform, insbesondere eine Hohlzylinderform, aufweist. Auch wird bevorzugt, dass der eine oder die mehreren elekt¬ risch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher mittels einer Metallisierung durch Sputtern oder Aufdampfen gebildet wer- den. Ebenso geeignet sind andere Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik wie beispielsweise chemische Abscheidung aus der Flüssig- oder Gasphase, Kaltgas- oder Plasmaspritzen, oder Dickschichtverfahren wie Aufrakeln, Aufkleben oder -drucken mit anschließendem Einbrennen geeigneter Substanzen. Weiter wird bevorzugt, dass der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher zusätzlich über eine zusätzliche weitere Metallisierung verfügen und so die Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere in Bezug auf die elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften optimiert werden. It is also preferred that the ceramic insulator has a cylindrical shape, in particular a hollow cylindrical shape. It is also preferred that advertising formed by metallization by sputtering or vapor deposition of the one or more elekt ¬ driven conductive discharge path the interrupter. Also suitable are other methods of the prior art such as chemical vapor deposition from the liquid or gas phase, cold gas or plasma spraying, or thick-film process such as doctoring, sticking or printing with subsequent baking of suitable substances. It is further preferred that the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers additionally have an additional further metallization, thus optimizing the material properties, in particular with regard to the electrical and mechanical properties.
Bevorzugt wird auch, dass die zusätzliche weitere Metallisie¬ rung mittels galvanischer Verfahren und/oder Sputtern It is also preferred that the additional additional Metallisie ¬ tion by means of electroplating and / or sputtering
und/oder Aufdampfen erzeugt wird. Bevorzugt wird auch, dass im Hohlraum des Keramikisolators ein oder mehrere sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung, d.h. in Umfangsrichtung des Keramikisolators erstreckende Metalisie¬ rungen angeordnet sind, auf denen der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher befestigt sind. and / or vapor deposition is generated. It is also preferred that in the cavity of the ceramic insulator one or more perpendicular to the longitudinal extent, ie in the circumferential direction of the ceramic insulator extending Metalisie ¬ ments are arranged on which the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers are attached.
Weiter wird bevorzugt, dass der eine oder die mehreren elekt¬ risch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher eine ringförmige und/oder wulstförmige Struktur aufweisen. It is further preferred that the one or more elekt ¬ driven conductive discharge path breaker have an annular and / or bead-like structure.
Auch wird bevorzugt, dass der Abstand zwischen den mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern zwischen 5 mm und 50 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 20 mm beträgt. Auch wird bevorzugt, dass die mehreren, elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen und die Ausdehnung der elektrisch leitenden Entladungs- pfadunterbrecher in Richtung der Längsausdehnung 5 % bis 30 % des Abstandes zwischen den Entladungspfadunterbrechern in Richtung der Längsausdehnung beträgt. Weiter wird auch bevorzugt, dass die Ausdehnung der elektrisch leitenden Entla- dungspfadunterbrecher in Richtung der Längsausdehnung 5% bis 30%, bevorzugt 10 % bis 20 % des Abstandes zwischen den Ent¬ ladungspfadunterbrechern in Richtung der Längsausdehnung beträgt . Bevorzugt wird auch, dass der Keramikisolator auch auf der Außenseite, also der Seite, die nicht im Vakuum angeordnet ist, einen oder mehrere, sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Keramikisolators erstreckende, elektrisch leitende Entla¬ dungspfadunterbrecher aufweist. Bevorzugt wird insbesondere, dass die sich auf der Außenseite befindlichen elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher einige oder alle der zuvor für die im Hohlraum angeordneten elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher aufgeführten Eigenschaften besitzen. Bevorzugt wird auch eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem It is also preferred that the distance between the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers is between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm. It is also preferred for the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers to be at a distance from one another and for the extent of the electrically conductive discharge path to be interrupted. Path breaker in the direction of the longitudinal extent is 5% to 30% of the distance between the discharge path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent. Next, the expansion of the electrically conductive dis- charges path breakers in the direction of the longitudinal extent of 5% to 30%, preferably will also preferably 10% in the direction of the longitudinal extent of up to 20% of the distance between the Ent ¬ charging path breakers. It is also preferred that the ceramic insulator and on the outer side, ie the side which is not disposed in a vacuum, one or more, including perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the ceramic insulator extending, electrically conductive Entla ¬ dung path breaker. In particular, it is preferred that the electrically conductive discharge path breakers located on the outside have some or all of the properties previously listed for the electrically conductive discharge path breakers arranged in the cavity. Also preferred is a vacuum interrupter with a
Keramikisolator gemäß den vorstehenden Ausführungen. Ceramic insulator according to the above.
Bevorzugt wird auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Also preferred is a method for producing a
Keramikisolators für Vakuumschaltröhren, wobei der Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters, wherein the
Keramikisolator einen, sich entlang einer Längsausdehung erstreckenden, Grundkörper aufweist, der in dieser Längsausdehnung einen Hohlraum 15 bildet. Dabei weist der Hohlraum 15 an einer ersten Seite der Längsausdehnung eine erste Öffnung und an einer zweiten Seite der Längsausdehnung eine zweite Öff- nung auf, die geeignet ist durch geeignete Anschlussmittel gasdicht verschlossen zu werden. Dabei ist die verschlossene erste Öffnung geeignet, mindestens einen Festkontakt in den Hohlraum zu führen und ist die zweite verschlossene Öffnung geeignet, mindestens einen Bewegkontakt in den Hohlraum zu führen. Auf der Innenseite des Hohlraums des Keramikisolators ein oder mehrere sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Ceramic insulator one, along a longitudinal extension extending, base body which forms a cavity 15 in this longitudinal extent. In this case, the cavity 15 has a first opening on a first side of the longitudinal extent and a second opening on a second side of the longitudinal extent, which is suitable for being closed in a gas-tight manner by suitable connection means. In this case, the closed first opening is suitable for guiding at least one fixed contact into the cavity and the second closed opening is suitable for guiding at least one moving contact into the cavity. On the inside of the cavity of the ceramic insulator one or more perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the
Keramikisolators erstreckenden metallische Strukturen werden mittels Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen oder vergleichbare geeignete Verfahren gebildet und diese Strukturen entweder direkt als elektrisch leitendende Entladungspfadunterbrecher fungieren, oder elektrisch leitendende Entladungspfadunter- brecher auf diesen Strukturen aufgebracht werden. Die Anschlussmittel werden auch als Durchführungen bezeichnet. Für den Bewegkontakt kommen insbesondere, aber nicht ausschlie߬ lich, Faltenbalge oder Wellbalge in Betracht. Weiter bevorzugt wird, dass die elektrisch leitendenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher mittels galvanischer Verfahren und/oder chemischer Abscheideverfahren und/oder mechanischer Verfahren wie Drucken, Rakeln und/oder Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen auf den Strukturen gebildet werden und/oder metalli- sehe Elemente, bevorzugt metallische Ringelemente, als elekt¬ risch leitendende Entladungspfadunterbrecher auf den Strukturen mittels Auflöten befestigt werden. Ceramic insulator extending metallic structures formed by sputtering and / or vapor deposition or similar suitable methods and these structures either act directly as electrically conductive discharge path breaker, or electrically conductive discharge path breaker are applied to these structures. The connection means are also referred to as feedthroughs. For the moving contact come in particular, but not exclusively ¬ lich, bellows or corrugated bellows into consideration. It is further preferred that the electrically conductive discharge path breakers are formed by means of galvanic methods and / or chemical deposition methods and / or mechanical methods such as printing, knife coating and / or sputtering and / or vapor deposition on the structures and / or metallic see elements, preferably metallic ring elements be attached as elekt ¬ driven guide Dende discharge path breaker to the structures by means of soldering.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Figuren erläutert The invention will be explained below with reference to figures
Figur 1: Schematische Darstellung eines einteiligen, langen Figure 1: Schematic representation of a one-piece, long
Isolators mit geringer elektrischer Festigkeit;  Insulator with low electrical strength;
Figur 2: Schematische Darstellung eines mehrteiligen Isola- tors aus dem Stand der Technik zur Unterbrechung von Überschlägen entlang der Oberfläche des Isolators ; FIG. 2: Schematic representation of a multi-part isolator of the prior art for interrupting flashovers along the surface of the insulator;
Figur 3: Graphische Darstellung der Anzahl der Figure 3: Graphical representation of the number of
Isolatorsegmente über der Segmentlänge der Isolator segments over the segment length of the
Isolatorsegmente bei 390 KV Blitzstoßspannung; Insulator segments at 390 KV lightning impulse voltage;
Figur 4 : Graphische Darstellung der Isolatorgesamtlänge über der Länge der Isolatorsegmente für eine 650 KV Blitzstoßbelastung; Figur 5: Schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Keramikisolators mit elektrisch leitenden Entla¬ dungspfadunterbrechern; Figur 6: Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Figure 4: Graphical representation of the total insulator length over the length of the insulator segments for a 650 KV lightning impingement; Figure 5: Schematic representation of a ceramic insulator according to the invention with electrically conductive Entla ¬ dung path breakers; Figure 6: vacuum interrupter with an inventive
Keramikisolator mit elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern .  Ceramic insulator with electrically conductive discharge path breakers.
Die Figur 1 zeigt beispielhaft und schematisch einen langen, einteiligen Isolator 5 einer Vakuumröhre mit einer Vakuumseite 2 und einer Gasseite oder Außenseite 3. Bei hohen Spannun¬ gen entsteht entlang der Oberfläche des Isolators 5 auf der Vakuumseite 2 ein Durchschlagspfad 4. Dieser Durchschlagspfad wird im Vakuum durch Desorption adsorbierter Gasschichten durch feldemittierte Elektronen beherrscht . 1 shows by way of example and schematically a long, one-piece insulator 5 of a vacuum tube with a vacuum side 2 and a gas side or outer side 3. At high Spannun ¬ gene is produced along the surface of the insulator 5 to the vacuum side 2, a breakdown path 4. This breakdown path in the Controlled vacuum by desorption of adsorbed gas layers by field-emitted electrons.
Figur 2 zeigt einen mehrteiligen Isolator 6, wobei die ein- zelnen Isolatorsegmente des Isolators 6 von metallischenFigure 2 shows a multi-part insulator 6, wherein the individual insulator segments of the insulator 6 of metallic
Feldsteuerungselementen 7 unterbrochen wird, und die metallischen Feldsteuerungselemente zumindest auf der Vakuumseite 2 in das Vakuum hereinragen, um so für eine Unterbrechung des Überschlagspfades zu sorgen. Field control elements 7 is interrupted, and protrude the metallic field control elements at least on the vacuum side 2 in the vacuum, so as to provide an interruption of the flashover path.
Bei der Figur 3 handelt es sich um eine graphische Darstel¬ lung der Gesamtanzahl von Isolatorsegmenten Yl über die Segmentlänge der Isolatorsegmente XI in mm zur Isolation von 390 KV Blitzstoßspannungen. Gezeigt ist also die Anzahl der zur Isolation von 390 KV Blitzstoßspannungen mindestens notwendigen keramischen Isolatorsegmente als Funktion der Segmentlänge. Für eine Lösung mit einer Einzelkeramik ist demnach eine Länge von ca. 700 mm notwendig. Die Figur 4 zeigt eine graphische Darstellung der In the figure 3 is a graph depicting the total number of lung ¬ insulator segments Yl via the segment length of the insulator segments XI in mm for the isolation of 390 KV lightning impulse voltages. Shown is the number of ceramic insulator segments required for the isolation of 390 KV lightning impulse voltages as a function of the segment length. For a solution with a single ceramic therefore a length of about 700 mm is necessary. FIG. 4 shows a graphic representation of FIG
Gesamtisolatorlänge Y2 in mm über der Segmentlänge der Isola¬ toren X2 in mm für eine 650 KV Blitzstoßbelastung. Es wird also die Gesamtisolatorlänge einer Isolatoranordnung für 650 kV Blitzstoßbelastungen als Funktion der Länge der einzelnen Segmente gezeigt. Für kurze Isolatorsegmente von z.B. 30 mm Länge sind also Gesamtisolatorlängen von unter 300 mm mög- lieh. Total insulator length Y2 in mm above the segment length of Isola ¬ tors X2 in mm for a 650 KV lightning shock. It will Thus, the total insulator length of an insulator assembly for 650 kV lightning impulse loads as a function of the length of the individual segments is shown. For short insulator segments of, for example, 30 mm in length, total insulator lengths of less than 300 mm are possible.
Die Figur 5 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Keramikisolator 10 mit seiner Längsausdehnung 20 und einem sich in dem FIG. 5 shows a ceramic insulator 10 according to the invention, with its longitudinal extent 20 and in which
Keramikisolator befindlichen Hohlraum 15. Der Keramikisolator weist Entladungspfadunterbrecher 12 auf. Ceramic insulator located cavity 15. The ceramic insulator has discharge path breaker 12.
Auf einer ersten Seite 30 der Längsausdehnung 20 ist eine erste Öffnung 31 angeordnet, an einer zweiten Seite 32 der Längsausdehnung 20 ist eine zweite Öffnung 33 angeordnet. Die Figur 6 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vakuumschaltröhre 1 mit einem Festkontakt 38, der sich durch ein Anschlussmittel 40 durch die verschlossene erste Öffnung 35 erstreckt. Ge¬ zeigt ist auch der Bewegkontakt 37 der Vakuumschaltröhre 1, der sich durch ein geeignetes Anschlussmittel 40, hier ist ein Falten- oder Wellbalg angedeutet, durch die zweite ver¬ schlossene Öffnung 36 erstreckt. Die Vakuumschaltröhre 1 weist desweiteren einen erfindungsgemäßen Keramikisolator 10 mit Entladungspfadunterbrechern 12 auf. Der Festkontakt 38 und der Bewegkontakt 37 erstrecken sich entlang der Längsaus- dehnung 20. On a first side 30 of the longitudinal extension 20, a first opening 31 is arranged, on a second side 32 of the longitudinal extension 20, a second opening 33 is arranged. FIG. 6 shows a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention with a fixed contact 38 which extends through a connecting means 40 through the closed first opening 35. Ge ¬ shows is also the moving contact 37 of the vacuum interrupter 1, which is indicated by a suitable connection means 40, here is a corrugated bellows or bellows, extends through the second ver ¬ closed opening 36. The vacuum interrupter 1 furthermore has a ceramic insulator 10 according to the invention with discharge path breakers 12. The fixed contact 38 and the moving contact 37 extend along the longitudinal extension 20.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1), wobei der Keramikisolator (10) sich entlang einer Längsausdeh- nung (20) erstreckt und in dieser Längsausdehnung (20) einen Hohlraum (15) bildet, 1. A ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1), wherein the ceramic insulator (10) extends along a longitudinal extension (20) and forms a cavity (15) in this longitudinal extension (20).
wobei der Hohlraum (15) an einer ersten Seite (30) der Längsausdehnung (20) eine erste Öffnung (31) und an einer zweiten Seite (32) der Längsausdehnung (20) eine zweite Öffnung (33) aufweist, die geeignet sind durch geeignete Anschlussmittel (40) gasdicht verschlossen zu werden und wobei die verschlossene erste Öffnung (35) geeignet ist, mindestens einen Festkontakt (38) in den Hohlraum (15) zu führen, und die verschlossene zweite Öffnung (37) geeignet ist, mindestens einen Bewegkontakt wherein the cavity (15) on a first side (30) of the longitudinal extension (20) has a first opening (31) and on a second side (32) of the longitudinal extension (20) has a second opening (33) which are suitable by suitable Connection means (40) to be sealed gas-tight and wherein the closed first opening (35) is adapted to lead at least one fixed contact (38) in the cavity (15), and the closed second opening (37) is suitable, at least one moving contact
(37) in den Hohlraum (15) zu führen, (37) into the cavity (15) to lead
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der Keramikisolator (10) auf einer Innenseite des Hohlraumes (15) ein oder mehrere sich senkrecht zur Längs- ausdehnung (20) des Keramikisolator (10) erstreckende, elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) aufweist.  the ceramic insulator (10) has on one inside of the cavity (15) one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) extending perpendicular to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10).
2. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach An- spruch 1, 2. ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Keramik des Keramikisolators (10) einteilig ausge¬ führt ist. 3. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, the ceramic of the ceramic insulator (10) is made in one piece ¬ leads. 3. ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) aus einem Metall und/oder ei- nem Cermet und/oder einem Halbleiter gebildet werden.  the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) are formed from a metal and / or a cermet and / or a semiconductor.
Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Keramikisolator (10) eine Zylinderform aufweist. the ceramic insulator (10) has a cylindrical shape.
Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) mittels einer Metallisierung, und/oder Spritzverfahren, und/oder chemische Abscheideverfahren, und/oder Druckverfahren, und/oder Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen gebildet sind. the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) are formed by means of a metallization, and / or spraying method, and / or chemical deposition methods, and / or printing methods, and / or sputtering and / or vapor deposition.
Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach Anspruch 5, Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) zusätzlich über eine zusätzliche weitere Metallisierung verfügen. the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) additionally have an additional further metallization.
Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach Anspruch 6, Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die zusätzliche weitere Metallisierung mittels galvani¬ scher Verfahren, un/oder chemische Abscheideverfahren, und/oder Druckverfahren, und/oder Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen erzeugt ist. the additional further metallization by electrodeposition ¬ shear process, un / or chemical deposition, and / or printing processes, and / or sputtering and / or evaporation is produced.
Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
im Hohlraum (15) des Keramikisolators (10) ein oder meh¬ rere sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung (20) des in the cavity (15) of the ceramic insulator (10) one or meh ¬ eral perpendicularly to the longitudinal extent (20) of the
Keramikisolator (10) erstreckende Metallisierungen angeordnet sind, auf denen der eine oder die mehreren elekt- risch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) befestigt sind. Ceramic insulator (10) are arranged extending metallizations on which the one or more electronic electrically conductive discharge path breaker (12) are attached.
9. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach ei- nem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 9. ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der eine oder die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) eine ringförmige und/oder wulstförmige Struktur aufweisen.  the one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) have an annular and / or bead-shaped structure.
10. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) 10. Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1)
nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,  according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der Abstand zwischen den mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrechern (12) zwischen 5mm und 50mm, bevorzugt zwischen 10mm und 20mm, beträgt.  the distance between the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) is between 5mm and 50mm, preferably between 10mm and 20mm.
11. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) 11. Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1)
nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,  according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die mehreren elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) einen Abstand zueinander aufweisen und die Ausdehnung der elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) in Richtung der Längsausdehnung (20) 5% bis 30% des Abstandes zwischen den Entladungspfadunterbre¬ chern (12) in Richtung der Längsausdehnung (20), bevorzugt 10% bis 20%, beträgt. have a distance to each other, the plurality of electrically conductive discharge path switch (12) and the expansion of the electrically conductive discharge path switch (12) in the direction of the longitudinal extension (20) 5% to 30% of the distance between the Entladungspfadunterbre ¬ manuals (12) in the direction of the longitudinal extent (20 ), preferably 10% to 20%.
12. Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) 12. Ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1)
nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,  according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der Keramikisolator (10) auch auf der Außenseite einen oder mehrere sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung (20) des Keramikisolators (10) erstreckende, elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) aufweist. the ceramic insulator (10) also has on the outside one or more electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) extending perpendicular to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10).
13. Vakuumschaltröhre mit einem Keramikisolator (10) gemäß einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche. 13. vacuum interrupter with a ceramic insulator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims.
14. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1), wobei der Keramikisolator14. A method for producing a ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1), wherein the ceramic insulator
(10) einen sich entlang einer Längsausdehnung (20) erstreckden Grundkörper aufweist, der in dieser Längsausdehnung (20) einen Hohlraum (15) bildet, (10) has a base body extending along a longitudinal extension (20), which forms a cavity (15) in this longitudinal extension (20),
wobei der Hohlraum (15) an einer ersten Seite (30) der Längsausdehnung (20) eine erste Öffnung (31) und an ei¬ ner zweiten Seite (32) der Längsausdehnung (20) eine zweite Öffnung (33) aufweist, die geeignet sind durch geeignete Anschlussmittel (40) gasdicht verschlossen zu werden, und wobei die verschlossene erste Öffnung (35) geeignet ist, mindestens einen Festkontakt (38) in denwherein the cavity (15) on a first side (30) of the longitudinal extension (20) has a first opening (31) and on ei ¬ ner second side (32) of the longitudinal extension (20) has a second opening (33) which are suitable be sealed gas-tight by suitable connection means (40), and wherein the closed first opening (35) is suitable, at least one fixed contact (38) in the
Hohlraum (15) zu führen, und die verschlossene zweite Öffnung (37) geeignet ist, mindestens einen Bewegkontakt (37) in den Hohlraum (15) zu führen, Cavity (15), and the closed second opening (37) is adapted to guide at least one moving contact (37) into the cavity (15),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
auf Innenseite des Hohlraumes (15) des Keramikisolators on the inside of the cavity (15) of the ceramic insulator
(20) ein oder mehrere sich senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung (20) des Keramikisolator (10) erstreckende, elektrisch leitfähige Strukturen mittels Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen und/oder Spritzverfahren, und/oder chemische (20) one or more perpendicular to the longitudinal extent (20) of the ceramic insulator (10) extending, electrically conductive structures by means of sputtering and / or vapor deposition and / or spraying, and / or chemical
Abscheideverfahren, und/oder Druckverfahren gebildet werden und diese Strukturen entweder direkt als elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) fungieren oder elektrisch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) auf diesen Strukturen aufgebracht werden.  Deposition methods, and / or printing methods are formed and these structures either act directly as electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) or electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) are applied to these structures.
15. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Keramikisolator (10) für Vakuumschaltröhren (1) nach Anspruch 14, 15. A method for producing a ceramic insulator (10) for vacuum interrupters (1) according to claim 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die elektrisch leitenden Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) mittels galvanischer Verfahren, und/oder Sputtern und/oder Aufdampfen und/oder Spritzverfahren, und/oder chemische Abscheideverfahren, und/oder Druckverfahren auf den Strukturen gebildet werden oder metallische Ele¬ mente, bevorzugt metallische Ringelemente, als elekt¬ risch leitende Entladungspfadunterbrecher (12) auf den Strukturen mittels Auflöten befestigt werden. the electrically conductive discharge path breakers (12) by means of electroplating, and / or sputtering and / or vapor deposition and / or spraying, and / or chemical deposition, and / or printing process are formed on the structures or metallic Ele ¬ elements, preferably metallic ring elements, as elekt ¬ driven conductive discharge path switch (12) to the structures by means of soldering to be fixed.
EP17739964.9A 2016-08-09 2017-07-13 Ceramic insulator for vacuum interrupters Active EP3469617B1 (en)

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CN109564835A (en) 2019-04-02
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WO2018028918A1 (en) 2018-02-15
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