EP0273122B1 - Articulated steel cap for a mining support - Google Patents

Articulated steel cap for a mining support Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0273122B1
EP0273122B1 EP87115117A EP87115117A EP0273122B1 EP 0273122 B1 EP0273122 B1 EP 0273122B1 EP 87115117 A EP87115117 A EP 87115117A EP 87115117 A EP87115117 A EP 87115117A EP 0273122 B1 EP0273122 B1 EP 0273122B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow profile
fork
insert
tip
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87115117A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0273122A1 (en
Inventor
Martha-Catharina Heiliger
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HEILIGER MARTHA C
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HEILIGER MARTHA C
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Priority to AT87115117T priority Critical patent/ATE71183T1/en
Publication of EP0273122A1 publication Critical patent/EP0273122A1/en
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Publication of EP0273122B1 publication Critical patent/EP0273122B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D17/00Caps for supporting mine roofs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7047Radially interposed shim or bushing
    • Y10T403/7051Wedging or camming
    • Y10T403/7052Engaged by axial movement
    • Y10T403/7056Threaded actuator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steel joint cap for underground development, consisting of a hollow profile of a certain length, at one end of a so-called. Tip and at the other end a so-called. Fork is arranged as an insert and the connection of insert and hollow profile is designed as a plug connection.
  • Such a steel joint cap has already become known through the German utility model No. 83 05 874.
  • Such a cap is inexpensive to manufacture, very easy to maintain and repair and can be easily assembled on site.
  • relatively high demands are placed on the respective manufacturing processes and the respective tip or fork is nevertheless not to be used with no play, so that on the one hand so-called. Fretting corrosion can occur and, on the other hand, undesirable edge pressure can occur.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of further developing such a steel joint flap so that the inserts can be given a play-free, secure hold in the correct position without the advantages described being lost.
  • the tip and fork have at their hollow profile-side end a profile insert corresponding in cross section to the cross section of the hollow profile with at least one longitudinally inclined surface, each of which is assigned a movable wedge piece which can be drawn into the hollow profile between the longitudinally inclined surface and the hollow profile inner surface.
  • at least one tie rod arranged in the tip or fork and extending in the longitudinal direction is provided, which is designed to be operable from the outside.
  • such surfaces both have the same inclination, so that the use of such surfaces together with the associated wedges causes centering of the respective insert.
  • the connection is therefore very secure and at the same time easily detachable.
  • the assembly advantages are retained. The ease of repair and maintenance already known from the described prior art is also retained.
  • the connection is no longer sensitive to fretting corrosion. The undesirable edge pressure and the associated incorrect position of the respective insert is also avoided.
  • At least one tie rod is arranged in the longitudinal direction, which engages behind each movable wedge piece with a rear grip, the tie rod being designed to be actuated from the outside. This is a very simple and externally accessible way of driving in or loosening the wedges with the required force.
  • a supplementary embodiment of the invention provides that the tie rod is designed as a threaded bolt, the bolt head of which is accessible from the outside and the threaded part of which has a nut as a rear grip which is guided in the hollow profile in a manner that prevents it from rotating.
  • the threaded bolt is easy to operate using its freely accessible bolt head.
  • the thread together with the nut acting as a rear grip results in a very large power transmission, so that the wedges can be retracted with very great force if necessary. Since there is a short circuit of forces between the wedge and the insert via the tie rod, there is no need to fear an undesired displacement of the wedge due to the clamping process due to clamping or clamping forces occurring.
  • the nut has an outer cross-sectional shape which is matched to the inner cross-section of the hollow profile. This is preferably a rectangular shape or an approximate rectangular shape or square shape. If the outer Cross-sectional shape of the nut with play corresponds to the inner cross-section of the hollow profile, it can not twist on the one hand and is still able to carry out the necessary axial movement unhindered.
  • each wedge piece is connected to the rear handle in a radially movable but axially substantially immovable manner.
  • This has the advantage that the wedges can be driven back out of their clamped position from the outside in a simple manner, for example, as a threaded bolt, to release the connection between the hollow profile and the insert.
  • the threaded bolt is pressed in or driven in and takes the nut with it, which in turn takes the wedges axially and thus releases the connection.
  • the invention also provides that the insert designed as a fork is longitudinally divided centrally in a plane parallel to the fork surfaces.
  • a longitudinal division of the fork is possible without losing the fastening security of the fork. This results in a more cost-effective production of such a fork and, at the same time, a more cost-effective repair option because, in the event of damage, usually only one half of the fork is damaged, while the other half remains usable. It is therefore possible to replace only half of the fork in the event of damage. In this way, inventory can also be reduced considerably and only a lighter weight has to be transported for repair measures.
  • the inclined surfaces of the profile inserts which deliver the main force to the associated wedge and thus transfer it to the hollow profile, should be covered as far as possible in the full width and in the largest possible area by the wedges to be drawn in, in order to achieve the lowest possible surface pressure during the power transmission.
  • the angle of inclination of the inclined surfaces is in the range of 2-10 °. This results in a very firm connection with relatively small pull-in forces.
  • Figure 1 shows a steel joint cap 1 in side view
  • the hollow profile 2 is made as a one-piece box profile.
  • a tip 3 on the one hand and a fork 4 on the other hand are provided at the respective ends of this hollow profile 2, these two parts being inserted into the hollow profile 2 with a profile insert 5 or 6.
  • the line of action of the main load direction lies in the drawing plane or parallel to it.
  • the profile insert 5 of the tip 3 has two surfaces 7 and 8 which are inclined in the longitudinal direction and converge towards the interior of the hollow profile 2. They each have the angle of inclination alpha.
  • webs or side surfaces running parallel to the plane of the drawing can be provided on the profile insert 5, which are spaced from one another such that they fit laterally into the corresponding cavity of the hollow profile 2 with as little play as possible.
  • Such a surface arrangement is already known from the described prior art.
  • these webs need not necessarily be present, but can be advantageous.
  • these webs are correspondingly inclined, e.g. the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8.
  • At their front side at least the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8 can be mutually supported on a web 23 which has an opening 24.
  • the webs forming the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8 are sufficiently supported against one another; the side webs, which are not described in any more detail, can make a considerable contribution to the rigidity of the overall system.
  • the profile insert 6 of the fork 4 is designed very similarly.
  • These longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10 also have the angle of inclination alpha and run convergingly pointing into the interior of the hollow profile 2.
  • the profile insert 6 shows a variant as an exemplary embodiment. It is there that the longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10 are supported exclusively by the webs 25 and 26, so that a natural opening 27 remains at the end.
  • the corresponding cross-sectional shapes of the hollow profile 2 and of the inserts 3 and 4 are shown in the illustrations 4 to 6, with FIG. 5 looking at the one used Tip 3 allows, while Figure 4 shows a view of the tip 3 immediately before use in the hollow profile 2.
  • a corresponding view of the fork 4 is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the insert 3 is first used, for example, as a tie rod of the threaded bolts 17 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the threaded bolt 17 is passed through the opening 28 and through the opening 24 until the bolt head 19 abuts.
  • the nut 18 is now screwed onto the unspecified threaded part of the threaded bolt 17 and left in a rotational position which enables the nut 18 to be inserted into the hollow profile 2.
  • the cross section of the nut 18 corresponds with sufficient play to the inner cross section of the hollow profile 2, so that the nut 18 inserted into the hollow profile 2 can no longer twist.
  • Two movable wedge pieces 11 and 12 are now placed with their inclined surfaces on the correspondingly inclined surfaces 7 and 8 of the profile insert 5 and are then axially supported against the nut 18. They are connected in any way to the nut 18 so that they can move at least slightly radially. Axial movement of the nut 18 in both directions should, however, take the movable sections 11 and 12 with it, so that tensioning and loosening of the wedge pieces 11 and 12 is possible.
  • the sequence of the construction is, however without insert, 3 drawn in FIG. 3 as an exploded view.
  • the insert 3 with its profile insert 5 can be pushed axially into the hollow profile 2 until the end face 29 of the insert 3 bears against the corresponding end face of the hollow profile 2. If this state is reached, the threaded bolt 17 acting as a tie rod is rotated via the bolt head 19. Since the nut 18 cannot twist in the hollow profile 2, it moves in the axial direction towards the bolt head 19 and thus pushes the movable sections 11 and 12 in front of it, so that the wedge gap between the inclined surfaces 7 and 8 of the profile insert 5 on the one hand and the corresponding inner surface of the hollow profile 2 is completely filled on the other hand. The movable sections 11 and 12 can in this case with very great force in the wedge gap be drawn in.
  • the width of the movable wedge pieces 11 and 12 is preferably dimensioned such that they cover the respectively assigned total width of the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8, in order to achieve the lowest possible surface pressure despite high clamping forces.
  • the movable wedge pieces 13 and 14 in their arrangement and relation to the longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10 of the profile insert 6. There the wedge pieces mentioned are assembled, used and used in the same way as already described for the profile insert 5.
  • the described inventive method of fastening the inserts 3 and 4 in the hollow profile 2 to form a steel joint cap 1 also makes it possible to divide the fork 4 in the plane 21 parallel to the fork surfaces 22.
  • the division level 21 is indicated in Figure 4 and Figure 7.
  • the division of the fork 4 has on the one hand the advantage that the corresponding individual forgings are easier and therefore less expensive to manufacture, so that the fork 4 composed of the two halves of the part is cheaper than those forks which are manufactured by conventional methods and it is such a divided one Fork 4 easier to repair, because in the event of damage, usually only half of such a fork 4 is damaged. If the fork 4 is now in one piece, the entire fork will fail and must be replaced.

Abstract

A steel cap for steel sets in mining support structures is made of a hollow sectional profile having a certain length. A tip is arranged as an insert at one end of the sectional profile. A fork is arranged as an insert at the other end of the sectional profile. Each insert is formed as a plug-in connection. The plug-in connection is provided with a hold free of play in a correct position. For this purpose each insert has at its end facing the sectional profile, a plug with a cross-section corresponding to that of the sectional profile, and at least one surface inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the steel cap. At least one movable wedge element is arranged for cooperation with each inclined surface. A wedge drive permits driving the wedge element or elements into or out of a locking position relative to the respective inclined surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stahlgelenkkappe für den Untertageausbau, bestehend aus einem Hohlprofil bestimmter Länge, an dessen einem Ende eine sogen. Spitze und an dessen anderem Ende eine sogen. Gabel als Einsatz angeordnet ist und wobei die Verbindung von Einsatz und Hohlprofil als Steckverbindung ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a steel joint cap for underground development, consisting of a hollow profile of a certain length, at one end of a so-called. Tip and at the other end a so-called. Fork is arranged as an insert and the connection of insert and hollow profile is designed as a plug connection.

Eine solche Stahlgelenkkappe ist bereits bekannt geworden durch das deutsche Gebrauchsmuster Nr. 83 05 874. Eine solche Kappe ist preisgünstig herzustellen, sehr wartungs- und reparaturfreundlich und kann vor Ort leicht zusammengesetzt werden. Es werden bei der Herstellung solcher Kappen jedoch relativ hohe Anforderungen an die jeweiligen Fertigungsverfahren gestellt und es ist dennoch die jeweilige Spitze oder Gabel nicht ganz spielfrei einzusetzen, so daß einerseits sogen. Passungsrost entstehen kann und andererseits eine unerwünschte Kantenpressung entstehen kann.Such a steel joint cap has already become known through the German utility model No. 83 05 874. Such a cap is inexpensive to manufacture, very easy to maintain and repair and can be easily assembled on site. However, in the manufacture of such caps, relatively high demands are placed on the respective manufacturing processes and the respective tip or fork is nevertheless not to be used with no play, so that on the one hand so-called. Fretting corrosion can occur and, on the other hand, undesirable edge pressure can occur.

Weiter ist mit der DE-C-846 040 eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung für Rohre von teleskopartigen Konstruktionen bekannt geworden, die auch für eine Anwendung bei Trägern für Bauzwecke geeignet ist. Die dort offenbarte Vorrichtung ist jedoch nur in der Lage eine Kraft in nur einer Richtung aufzunehmen. Kehrt sich die Kräfterichtung um, so löst sich die Verriegelungsvorrichtung.Furthermore, with DE-C-846 040 a locking device for pipes of telescopic constructions has become known, which is also suitable for use with beams for construction purposes. However, the device disclosed there is only able to absorb a force in only one direction. If the direction of force reverses, the locking device is released.

Der Erfindung liegt daher ausgehend von einer Einrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine solche Stahlgelenkappe so weiterzuentwickeln, daß den Einsätzen ein spielfreier sicherer Halt in korrekter Lage verliehen werden kann, ohne daß die beschriebenen Vorteile verloren gehen.Starting from a device of the type described in the introduction, the invention is therefore based on the object of further developing such a steel joint flap so that the inserts can be given a play-free, secure hold in the correct position without the advantages described being lost.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß Spitze und Gabel an ihrem hohlprofilseitigen Ende einen im Querschnitt dem Querschnitt des Hohlprofils entsprechenden Profileinsatz aufweisen mit mindestens einer längsgeneigten Fläche, welchjeder ein bewegliches Keilstück zugeordnet ist, welches im Hohlprofil zwischen längsgeneigter Fläche und Hohlprofilinnenfläche eingezogen werden kann, wobei hierzu mindestens ein in der Spitze bzw. Gabel angeordneter und in Längsrichtung verlaufender Zuganker vorgesehen ist, der von außen betätigbar ausgebildet ist. Durch die Verwendung von Keilflächen zusammen mit Keilen kann ein absolut sicherer Halt des jeweiligen Einsatzes in korrekter Lage erreicht werden. Dies insbesondere dann, wenn nicht nur eine geneigte Fläche sondern zwei sich gegenüberliegend angeordnete, entsprechend geneigte Flächen verwendet werden. Vorteilhafterweise haben solche Flächen beide gleiche Neigung, so daß die Anwendung solcher Flächen zusammen mit den zugehörigen Keilen eine Zentrierung des jeweiligen Einsatzes bewirkt. Die Verbindung ist somit sehr sicher und gleichzeitig leicht lösbar. Die Montagevorteile bleiben erhalten. Auch die aus dem beschriebenen Stand der Technik bereits bekannte Reperatur- und Wartungsfreundlichkeit bleibt erhalten. Die Verbindung ist nicht mehr empfindlich gegen Passungsrost. Auch wird die unerwünschte Kantenpressung und die damit verbundene Falschstellung des jeweiligen Einsatzes vermieden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the tip and fork have at their hollow profile-side end a profile insert corresponding in cross section to the cross section of the hollow profile with at least one longitudinally inclined surface, each of which is assigned a movable wedge piece which can be drawn into the hollow profile between the longitudinally inclined surface and the hollow profile inner surface. For this purpose, at least one tie rod arranged in the tip or fork and extending in the longitudinal direction is provided, which is designed to be operable from the outside. By using wedge surfaces together with wedges an absolutely secure hold of the each use in the correct position. This is particularly the case when not only one inclined surface but two oppositely arranged, correspondingly inclined surfaces are used. Advantageously, such surfaces both have the same inclination, so that the use of such surfaces together with the associated wedges causes centering of the respective insert. The connection is therefore very secure and at the same time easily detachable. The assembly advantages are retained. The ease of repair and maintenance already known from the described prior art is also retained. The connection is no longer sensitive to fretting corrosion. The undesirable edge pressure and the associated incorrect position of the respective insert is also avoided.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgeschlagen, daß in Längsrichtung verlaufend je mindestens ein Zuganker im Einsatz angeordnet ist, der mit einem Hintergriff jedes bewegliche Keilstück hintergreift, wobei der Zuganker von außen betätigbat ausgebildet ist. Dies ist eine sehr einfache und von außen zugänglich gestaltete Möglichkeit, die Keile mit der erforderlichen Kraft einzutreiben bzw. zu lösen.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that at least one tie rod is arranged in the longitudinal direction, which engages behind each movable wedge piece with a rear grip, the tie rod being designed to be actuated from the outside. This is a very simple and externally accessible way of driving in or loosening the wedges with the required force.

Eine ergänzende Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß der Zuganker als Gewindebolzen ausgebildet ist, dessen Bolzenkopf von außen zugänglich ist und dessen Gewindeteil als Hintergriff eine Mutter aufweist, die verdrehsicher im Hohlprofil geführt ist. Der Gewindebolzen ist über seinen außen frei zugänglichen Bolzenkopf leicht betätigbar. Das Gewinde ergibt hierbei zusammen mit der als Hintergriff wirkenden Mutter eine sehr große Kraftübersetzung, so daß bei Bedarf die Keile mit sehr großer Kraft eingezogen werden können. Da zwischen Keil und Einsatz über den Zuganker ein Kräftekurzschluß besteht, ist eine unerwünschte Verlagerung des Keiles wegen des Einklemmvorganges aufgrund auftretender Spann- oder Klemmkräfte nicht zu befürchten.A supplementary embodiment of the invention provides that the tie rod is designed as a threaded bolt, the bolt head of which is accessible from the outside and the threaded part of which has a nut as a rear grip which is guided in the hollow profile in a manner that prevents it from rotating. The threaded bolt is easy to operate using its freely accessible bolt head. The thread together with the nut acting as a rear grip results in a very large power transmission, so that the wedges can be retracted with very great force if necessary. Since there is a short circuit of forces between the wedge and the insert via the tie rod, there is no need to fear an undesired displacement of the wedge due to the clamping process due to clamping or clamping forces occurring.

Weiter ausgestaltend ist dann noch vorgeschlagen, daß die Mutter eine mit Spiel dem Innenquerschnitt des Hohlprofils angepaßte äußere Querschnittsform aufweist. Dies ist vorzugsweise eine Rechteckform oder eine angenäherte Rechteckform bzw. Viereckform. Wenn die äußere Querschnittsform der Mutter mit Spiel dem Innenquerschnitt des Hohlprofils entspricht, kann sie sich einerseits nicht verdrehen und ist andererseits dennoch in der Lage die notwendige Axialbewegung ungehindert durchzuführen.It is then further developed that the nut has an outer cross-sectional shape which is matched to the inner cross-section of the hollow profile. This is preferably a rectangular shape or an approximate rectangular shape or square shape. If the outer Cross-sectional shape of the nut with play corresponds to the inner cross-section of the hollow profile, it can not twist on the one hand and is still able to carry out the necessary axial movement unhindered.

Es ist weiter nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß jedes Keilstück mit dem Hintergriff relativ zu diesem radial beweglich aber axial im wesentlichen unbeweglich verbunden ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß über den beispielsweise als Gewindebolzen ausgebildeten Zuganker die Keile aus ihrer Klemmlage wieder von außen auf einfache Weise zurückgetrieben werden können zur Lösung der Verbindung zwischen Hohlprofil und Einsatz. Hierzu wird der Gewindebolzen eingepreßt oder eingeschlagen und nimmt hierbei die Mutter mit, die ihrerseits die Keile axial mitnimmt und damit die Verbindung löst.It is further provided according to the invention that each wedge piece is connected to the rear handle in a radially movable but axially substantially immovable manner. This has the advantage that the wedges can be driven back out of their clamped position from the outside in a simple manner, for example, as a threaded bolt, to release the connection between the hollow profile and the insert. For this purpose, the threaded bolt is pressed in or driven in and takes the nut with it, which in turn takes the wedges axially and thus releases the connection.

Die Erfindung sieht ebenfalls vor, daß der als Gabel ausgebildete Einsatz mittig in einer Ebene parallel zu den Gabelflächen längsgeteilt ist. Bei der nach der Erfindung vorgeschlagenen Befestigungsart ist eine Längsteilung der Gabel, ohne daß die Befestigungsicherheit der Gabel verloren geht, möglich. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine kostengünstigere Herstellung einer solcher Gabel und gleichzeitig eine kostengünstigere Reparaturmöglichkeit, weil in der Regel im Falle eines Schadens nur eine Hälfte der Gabel beschädigt wird, während die andere Hälfte verwendbar bleibt. Es ist damit möglich im Falle eines Schadens nur eine Hälfte der Gabel auszutauschen. Hierdurch kann auch die Lagerhaltung beträchtlich reduziert werden und es ist bei Reparaturmaßnahmen nur ein geringeres Gewicht zu transportieren. Bei einer geteilten Gabel ist es möglich je geneigter Fläche des Profileinsatzes der Gabelhälfte einen gesonderten Keil vorzusehen. Hierdurch können evtl. kleinste Maßungeauigkeiten zwischen den geneigten Flächen der beiden zugeordneten Gabelhälften ausgeglichen werden. Diese Aufteilung der zu verwendenden Keile soll in der Erfindung mit umfaßt sein. Ebenso ist es möglich, sowohl bei der geteilten Gabel als auch bei ungeteilter Gabel und bei der Spitze alle ebenen Flächen der Profileinsätze geneigt auszuführen und diesen Keile zuzuordnen. Hierdurch kann eine sehr starre Fixierung in alle Richtungen erreicht werden. Es sollen jedoch insbesondere die geneigten Flächen der Profileinsätze, die die Hauptkraft an den zugeordneten Keil abgeben und damit auf das Hohlprofil übertragen, möglichst in der vollständigen Breite und in möglichst großer Fläche von den einzuziehenden Keilen überdeckt sein, um bei der Kraftübertragung eine möglichst geringe Flächenpressung zu erreichen.The invention also provides that the insert designed as a fork is longitudinally divided centrally in a plane parallel to the fork surfaces. In the type of fastening proposed by the invention, a longitudinal division of the fork is possible without losing the fastening security of the fork. This results in a more cost-effective production of such a fork and, at the same time, a more cost-effective repair option because, in the event of damage, usually only one half of the fork is damaged, while the other half remains usable. It is therefore possible to replace only half of the fork in the event of damage. In this way, inventory can also be reduced considerably and only a lighter weight has to be transported for repair measures. With a split fork it is possible to provide a separate wedge for each inclined surface of the profile insert of the fork half. In this way, the smallest dimensional inaccuracies between the inclined surfaces of the two assigned fork halves can be compensated for. This division of the wedges to be used should be included in the invention. It is also possible to make all flat surfaces of the profile inserts inclined and to assign these wedges to the split fork as well as the undivided fork and the tip. This enables a very rigid fixation to be achieved in all directions. However, in particular the inclined surfaces of the profile inserts, which deliver the main force to the associated wedge and thus transfer it to the hollow profile, should be covered as far as possible in the full width and in the largest possible area by the wedges to be drawn in, in order to achieve the lowest possible surface pressure during the power transmission.

Es ist schließlich nach der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Neigungswinkel der geneigten Flächen im Bereich von 2 - 10° liegt. Hierdurch ergibt sich bei relativ kleinen Einzugskräften schon eine sehr feste Verbindung.Finally, it is provided according to the invention that the angle of inclination of the inclined surfaces is in the range of 2-10 °. This results in a very firm connection with relatively small pull-in forces.

Die Erfindung soll nun anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen, die Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen, näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
Längsschnitt durch ein Hohlprofil mit eingesetzter Spitze und eingesetzter Gabel
Figur 2
auseinandergezogene Anordnung wie Figur 1
Figur 3
Explosionsdarstellung in Seitenansicht von Zuganker, Keil und Hintergriffteil
Figur 4
Schnitt I-I nach Figur 2
Figur 5
Schnitt II-II nach Figur 1
Figur 6
Schnitt III-III nach Figur 2
Figur 7
Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils A nach Figur 2, um 90° nach links geschwenkt
Show it:
Figure 1
Longitudinal section through a hollow profile with inserted tip and fork
Figure 2
exploded arrangement as in FIG. 1
Figure 3
Exploded view in side view of tie rod, wedge and rear grip part
Figure 4
Section II of Figure 2
Figure 5
Section II-II of Figure 1
Figure 6
Section III-III of Figure 2
Figure 7
View in the direction of arrow A according to FIG. 2, pivoted through 90 ° to the left

Figur 1 zeigt eine Stahlgelenkkappe 1 in Seitenansicht, deren Hohlprofil 2 als einstückiges Kastenprofil hergestellt ist. An den jeweiligen Enden dieses Hohlprofils 2 ist eine Spitze 3 einerseits und eine Gabel 4 andererseits vorgesehen, wobei diese beiden Teile mit einem Profileinsatz 5 bzw. 6 in das Hohlprofil 2 eingesteckt sind. In der dargestellten Anordnung liegt die Wirklinie der Hauptlastrichtung in der Zeichenebene oder parallel zu dieser. Senkrecht zur Zeichenebene und in sich gegenüberliegender Anordnung, weist der Profileinsatz 5 der Spitze 3 zwei in Längsrichtung geneigte Flächen 7 und 8 auf, die zum Inneren des Hohlprofils 2 hin konvergierend verlaufen. Sie weisen hierbei jeweils den Neigungswinkel Alpha auf. Es können außerdem noch parallel zur Zeichenebene verlaufende Stege oder Seitenflächen am Profileinsatz 5 vorgesehen sein, die einen solchen Abstand zueinander aufweisen, daß sie mit möglichst wenig Spiel seitlich in den entsprechenden Hohlraum des Hohlprofils 2 hineinpassen. Eine solche Flächenanordnung ist bereits aus dem beschriebenen Stand der Technik bekannt. Diese Stege müssen jedoch nicht zwingend vorhanden sein, können aber vorteilhaft sein. Es ist auch denkbar, daß diese Stege entsprechend geneigt verlaufen, wie z.B. die längsgeneigten Flächen 7 und 8. An ihrer Stirnseite können mindestens die längsgeneigten Flächen 7 und 8 sich gegenseitig an einem Steg 23 abstützen, der eine Öffnung 24 aufweist. Hierdurch sind die die längsgeneigten Flächen 7 und 8 bildenden Stege ausreichend gegeneinander abgestützt; die nicht näher bezeichneten Seitenstege können jedoch erheblich zur Steifigkeit des Gesamtsystems beitragen.Figure 1 shows a steel joint cap 1 in side view, the hollow profile 2 is made as a one-piece box profile. A tip 3 on the one hand and a fork 4 on the other hand are provided at the respective ends of this hollow profile 2, these two parts being inserted into the hollow profile 2 with a profile insert 5 or 6. In the arrangement shown, the line of action of the main load direction lies in the drawing plane or parallel to it. Perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and in an opposing arrangement, the profile insert 5 of the tip 3 has two surfaces 7 and 8 which are inclined in the longitudinal direction and converge towards the interior of the hollow profile 2. They each have the angle of inclination alpha. In addition, webs or side surfaces running parallel to the plane of the drawing can be provided on the profile insert 5, which are spaced from one another such that they fit laterally into the corresponding cavity of the hollow profile 2 with as little play as possible. Such a surface arrangement is already known from the described prior art. However, these webs need not necessarily be present, but can be advantageous. It is also conceivable that these webs are correspondingly inclined, e.g. the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8. At their front side, at least the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8 can be mutually supported on a web 23 which has an opening 24. As a result, the webs forming the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8 are sufficiently supported against one another; the side webs, which are not described in any more detail, can make a considerable contribution to the rigidity of the overall system.

Der Profileinsatz 6 der Gabel 4 ist ganz ähnlich gestaltet. Auch hier liegen entsprechend längsgeneigte Flächen 9 und 10 am Profileinsatz 6 vor. Auch diese längsgeneigten Flächen 9 und 10 weisen den Neigungswinkel Alpha auf und verlaufen in das Innere des Hohlprofils 2 weisend konvergierend. Der Profileinsatz 6 zeigt jedoch als Ausführungsbeispiel eine Variante. Es sind nämlich dort die Längsgeneigten Flächen 9 und 10 ausschließlich von den Stegen 25 und 26 abgestützt, so daß stirnseitig eine natürliche Öffnung 27 verbleibt. Die entsprechenden Querschnittsformen des Hohlprofils 2 sowie der Einsätze 3 und 4 zeigen die Darstellungen 4 bis 6, wobei die Figur 5 den Blick auf die eingesetzte Spitze 3 ermöglicht, während die Figur 4 einen Blick auf die Spitze 3 unmittelbar vor dem Einsatz in das Hohlprofil 2 zeigt. Ein entsprechender Blick auf die Gabel 4 zeigt Figur 6.The profile insert 6 of the fork 4 is designed very similarly. Here, too, there are correspondingly inclined surfaces 9 and 10 on the profile insert 6. These longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10 also have the angle of inclination alpha and run convergingly pointing into the interior of the hollow profile 2. However, the profile insert 6 shows a variant as an exemplary embodiment. It is there that the longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10 are supported exclusively by the webs 25 and 26, so that a natural opening 27 remains at the end. The corresponding cross-sectional shapes of the hollow profile 2 and of the inserts 3 and 4 are shown in the illustrations 4 to 6, with FIG. 5 looking at the one used Tip 3 allows, while Figure 4 shows a view of the tip 3 immediately before use in the hollow profile 2. A corresponding view of the fork 4 is shown in FIG. 6.

Zur Befestigung der Einsätze 3 und 4 wird beispielsweise in den Einsatz 3 zunächst als Zuganker der Gewindebolzen 17 in Längsrichtung eingesetzt. Hierzu wird der Gewindebolzen 17 durch die Öffnung 28 und durch die Öffnung 24 hindurchgeführt, bis der Bolzenkopf 19 anliegt. Auf das nicht näher bezeichnete Gewindeteil Des Gewindebolzens 17 wird nun die Mutter 18 aufgeschraubt und in einer Drehstellung belassen, die ein Einschieben der Mutter 18 in das Hohlprofil 2 ermöglicht. Der Querschnitt der Mutter 18 entspricht mit ausreichendem Spiel dem inneren Querschnitt des Hohlprofils 2, so daß die in das Hohlprofil 2 eingesetzte Mutter 18 sich nicht mehr verdrehen kann. Zwei bewegliche Keilstücke 11 und 12 werden nunmehr mit ihren geneigten Flächen auf die entsprechend geneigten Flächen 7 und 8 des Profileinsatzes 5 aufgelegt und stützen sich dann axial gegen die Mutter 18 ab. Sie sind in beliebiger Weise so mit der Mutter 18 verbunden, daß sie sich mindestens geringfügig radial bewegen können. Eine Axialbewegung der Mutter 18 in beiden Richtungen soll aber die beweglichen Teilstücke 11 und 12 mitnehmen, damit ein Spannen und Lösen der Keilstücke 11 und 12 möglich ist. Die Reihenfolge des Aufbaues ist, allerdings ohne Einatz, 3 in Figur 3 als Explosionsdarstellung gezeichnet.To fasten the inserts 3 and 4, the insert 3 is first used, for example, as a tie rod of the threaded bolts 17 in the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, the threaded bolt 17 is passed through the opening 28 and through the opening 24 until the bolt head 19 abuts. The nut 18 is now screwed onto the unspecified threaded part of the threaded bolt 17 and left in a rotational position which enables the nut 18 to be inserted into the hollow profile 2. The cross section of the nut 18 corresponds with sufficient play to the inner cross section of the hollow profile 2, so that the nut 18 inserted into the hollow profile 2 can no longer twist. Two movable wedge pieces 11 and 12 are now placed with their inclined surfaces on the correspondingly inclined surfaces 7 and 8 of the profile insert 5 and are then axially supported against the nut 18. They are connected in any way to the nut 18 so that they can move at least slightly radially. Axial movement of the nut 18 in both directions should, however, take the movable sections 11 and 12 with it, so that tensioning and loosening of the wedge pieces 11 and 12 is possible. The sequence of the construction is, however without insert, 3 drawn in FIG. 3 as an exploded view.

Ist die Beschriebene Anordnung aufgebaut, so kann der Einsatz 3 mit seinem Profileinsatz 5 axial in das Hohlprofil 2 hineingeschoben werden solange, bis die Stirnseite 29 des Einsatzes 3 an der entsprechenden Stirnseite des Hohlprofils 2 anliegt. Ist dieser Zustand erreicht, so wird über den Bolzenkopf 19 der als Zuganker wirkende Gewindebolzen 17 gedreht. Da die Mutter 18 sich im Hohlprofil 2 nicht verdrehen kann, wandert sie in axialer Richtung auf den Bolzenkopf 19 zu und schiebt damit die beweglichen Teilstücke 11 und 12 vor sich her, so daß der Keilspalt zwischen den geneigten Flächen 7 und 8 des Profileinsatzes 5 einerseits und der entsprechenden Innenfläche des Hohlprofils 2 andererseits vollständig ausgefüllt wird. Die beweglichen Teilstücke 11 und 12 können hierbei mit sehr großer Kraft in den genannten Keilspalt hineingezogen werden. Hierdurch entsteht eine außerordentlich feste Verbindung, die gleichzeitig den Einsatz 3 in richtiger Lage zentriert. Vorzugsweise ist hierbei die Breite der beweglichen Keilstücke 11 und 12 so bemessen, daß sie möglichst die jeweils zugeordnete gesamte Breite der längsgeneigten Flächen 7 bzw. 8 überdecken, um trotz hoher Klemmkräfte eine möglichst geringe Flächenpressung zu erzielen. Gleiches gilt natürlich für die beweglichen Keilstücke 13 und 14 in deren Anordnung und Relation zu den längsgeneigten Flächen 9 und 10 des Profileinsatzes 6. Dort sind die genannten Keilstücke in gleicher Weise wie bereits zum Profileinsatz 5 beschrieben, montiert und verwendet.Once the arrangement described has been set up, the insert 3 with its profile insert 5 can be pushed axially into the hollow profile 2 until the end face 29 of the insert 3 bears against the corresponding end face of the hollow profile 2. If this state is reached, the threaded bolt 17 acting as a tie rod is rotated via the bolt head 19. Since the nut 18 cannot twist in the hollow profile 2, it moves in the axial direction towards the bolt head 19 and thus pushes the movable sections 11 and 12 in front of it, so that the wedge gap between the inclined surfaces 7 and 8 of the profile insert 5 on the one hand and the corresponding inner surface of the hollow profile 2 is completely filled on the other hand. The movable sections 11 and 12 can in this case with very great force in the wedge gap be drawn in. This creates an extremely strong connection, which at the same time centers the insert 3 in the correct position. In this case, the width of the movable wedge pieces 11 and 12 is preferably dimensioned such that they cover the respectively assigned total width of the longitudinally inclined surfaces 7 and 8, in order to achieve the lowest possible surface pressure despite high clamping forces. The same naturally applies to the movable wedge pieces 13 and 14 in their arrangement and relation to the longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10 of the profile insert 6. There the wedge pieces mentioned are assembled, used and used in the same way as already described for the profile insert 5.

Die beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Art der Befestigung der Einsätze 3 und 4 im Hohlprofil 2 zur Bildung einer Stahlgelenkkappe 1 macht es außerdem möglich, die Gabel 4 in der Ebene 21 parallel zu den Gabelflächen 22 zu teilen. Die Teilungsebene 21 ist in Figur 4 und Figur 7 angedeutet. Die Teilung der Gabel 4 hat einerseits den Vorteil, daß die entsprechenden einzelnen Schmiedestücke einfacher und damit kostengünstiger herstellbar sind, so daß die aus den beiden Teilhälften zusammengesetzte Gabel 4 billiger ist als solche Gabeln, die nach herkömmlichen Methoden gefertigt werden und es ist eine solche geteilte Gabel 4 reparaturfreundlicher, weil in Schadensfällen in aller Regel nur eine Hälfte einer solchen Gabel 4 beschädigt wird. Wenn die Gabel 4 nun einstückig ist, fällt damit die gesamte Gabel aus und muß ersetzt werden. Im Falle einer geteilten Gabel fällt nur die beschädigte Hälfte aus und kann gegen eine entsprechend billigere neue Hälfte ausgetauscht werden. Da die halbe Gabel naturgemäß auch wesentlich leichter ist als eine ganze Gabel, ist die Reparaturarbeit an sich ebenfalls entsprechend liechter. Auch kann die Lagerhaltung, insbesondere die Lagerhaltung vor Ort, hierdurch verrringert werden. Im Falle der geteilten Gabel kann es vorteilhaft sein, die beweglichen Teilstücke 13 und 14 ebenfalls in Längsrichtung zu teilen, so daß auch geringfügige Differenzen in der Neigung der längsgeneigten Flächen 9 und 10, die ja jetzt einer Hälfte zugeordnet sind, ausgeglichen werden können. Bei genügend genauer Übereinstimmung der hälftig in Längsrichtung geteilten längsgeneigten Flächen 9 und 10 ist eine solche Maßnahme jedoch entbehrlich.The described inventive method of fastening the inserts 3 and 4 in the hollow profile 2 to form a steel joint cap 1 also makes it possible to divide the fork 4 in the plane 21 parallel to the fork surfaces 22. The division level 21 is indicated in Figure 4 and Figure 7. The division of the fork 4 has on the one hand the advantage that the corresponding individual forgings are easier and therefore less expensive to manufacture, so that the fork 4 composed of the two halves of the part is cheaper than those forks which are manufactured by conventional methods and it is such a divided one Fork 4 easier to repair, because in the event of damage, usually only half of such a fork 4 is damaged. If the fork 4 is now in one piece, the entire fork will fail and must be replaced. In the case of a split fork, only the damaged half fails and can be exchanged for a correspondingly cheaper new half. Since half a fork is naturally much lighter than an entire fork, the repair work itself is also much easier. In this way, the storage, in particular the storage on site, can be reduced. In the case of the divided fork, it may be advantageous to also divide the movable sections 13 and 14 in the longitudinal direction, so that even slight differences in the inclination of the longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10, which are now assigned to one half, can be compensated for. If the longitudinally inclined surfaces 9 and 10, which are divided in half in the longitudinal direction, are sufficiently precise, such a measure is unnecessary.

Durch den Einzug legen sich die äußeren nicht geneigten Flächen der beweglichen Teilstücke 11 bis 14 an die Hohlprofilinnenfläche 15 bzw. 16 fest an, so daß in axialer Richtung eine sehr starke kraftschlüssige Verspannung und in radialer Richtung eine formschlüssige Verbindung zum Hohlprofil 2 erzeugt wird. Es werden durch diese Verbindung die Vorteile einer Stahlgelenkkappe mit angeschweißter Spitze und Gabel erzielt ohne deren gravierende Nachteile hinnehmen zu müssen. Vielmehr gelingt es durch die Erfindung, die Vorteile der bekannten geschweißten Stahlgelenkkappe mit den Vorteilen der bekannten Stahlgelenkkappe mit Steckverbindung zu kombinieren und gleichzeitig die Nachteile beider Systeme zu eliminieren. Die Möglichkeiten der Werkstoffwahl, der geringen Lagerhaltung und damit der geringen Lagerhaltungskosten und der einfachen, nur grobe Werkzeuge benötigenden Montage bei gleichzeitig geringerem Gewicht, erlaubt es erstmals solche neuerungsgemäßen Stahlgelenkkappen auch in Entwicklungsländern, in denen häufig Bergbau betrieben wird, anstelle der dort vielfach verwendeten Holzausbauten mit den für diese Länder gefährlichen ökologischen Folgen einzusetzen, weil sich Stahlgelenkkappen nach der Erfindung in ihrer Rentabilität als wirtchaftlicher erweisen als der dort bisher verwendete Holzausbau.By pulling the outer non-inclined surfaces of the movable sections 11 to 14 firmly against the hollow profile inner surface 15 or 16, so that in the axial direction a very strong positive locking and in the radial direction a positive connection to the hollow profile 2 is generated. The advantages of a steel joint cap with a welded-on tip and fork are achieved through this connection without having to accept its serious disadvantages. Rather, the invention succeeds in combining the advantages of the known welded steel joint cap with the advantages of the known steel joint cap with a plug connection and at the same time eliminating the disadvantages of both systems. The possibilities of the choice of materials, the low storage and thus the low storage costs and the simple assembly, which only requires rough tools and at the same time less weight, allow such new steel joint caps for the first time even in developing countries, in which mining is often carried out, instead of the wooden fittings frequently used there with the ecological consequences that are dangerous for these countries, because steel joint caps according to the invention prove to be more economical in their profitability than the timber construction used up to now.

Claims (4)

  1. Articulated steel cap for an underground structure, comprising a hollow profile of predetermined length at one end of which is a so-called tip and at the other end of which is a so-called fork, wherein the connection of tip and fork and hollow profile is constructed as a plug connection, characterised in that tip and fork (1,2) have at their respective ends adjacent to the hollow profile a profile insert (5,6) which corresponds in cross-section to the cross-section of the hollow profile (2), each said insert having at least one longitudinally inclined surface (7-10) with each of which is associated a movable wedge member (11-14), wherein the wedge members are arranged to be inserted into the hollow profile (2) between the longitudinally inclined surfaces (7-10) and internal surfaces (15,16) of the hollow profile, and wherein at least one tie anchor (17) is provided which extends in the longitudinal direction in the tip and fork (3,4) and which can be actuated from the outside.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the tie anchor (17) grips behind each movable wedge member (11-14) by means of a back gripper (18).
  3. Device at least according to claim 2, characterised in that the tie anchor is formed as a threaded bolt (17) whose head (19) is accessible from the outside and whose threaded part includes a nut (18) as back gripper which is guided in the hollow profile (2) without rotating.
  4. Device at least according to claim 3, characterised in that the nut (18) has an external cross-sectional shape adapted with play to the internal cross-section of the hollow profile (2).
EP87115117A 1986-12-01 1987-10-16 Articulated steel cap for a mining support Expired - Lifetime EP0273122B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87115117T ATE71183T1 (en) 1986-12-01 1987-10-16 STEEL JOINT CAP FOR UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8632139U DE8632139U1 (en) 1986-12-01 1986-12-01
DE8632139U 1986-12-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0273122A1 EP0273122A1 (en) 1988-07-06
EP0273122B1 true EP0273122B1 (en) 1992-01-02

Family

ID=6800705

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87115117A Expired - Lifetime EP0273122B1 (en) 1986-12-01 1987-10-16 Articulated steel cap for a mining support

Country Status (28)

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US (1) US4820085A (en)
EP (1) EP0273122B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63194099A (en)
CN (1) CN1013136B (en)
AT (1) ATE71183T1 (en)
AU (1) AU583994B2 (en)
BG (1) BG49277A3 (en)
BR (1) BR8706388A (en)
CA (1) CA1326961C (en)
CS (1) CS268843B2 (en)
DE (2) DE8632139U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2027675T3 (en)
FI (1) FI87600C (en)
GR (1) GR3003490T3 (en)
HU (1) HU198981B (en)
IN (1) IN168499B (en)
MA (1) MA21121A1 (en)
NO (1) NO874981L (en)
NZ (1) NZ222715A (en)
PL (1) PL156515B1 (en)
PT (2) PT86240A (en)
RO (1) RO110167B1 (en)
SU (1) SU1611224A3 (en)
TN (1) TNSN87134A1 (en)
TR (1) TR23723A (en)
UA (1) UA7136A1 (en)
YU (1) YU211987A (en)
ZA (1) ZA878972B (en)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE508922A (en) *
US2056248A (en) * 1933-09-08 1936-10-06 Thomas & Betts Corp Wire conecter
DE829288C (en) * 1948-10-02 1952-01-24 Elke Lorenz Cup iron connection
DE846040C (en) * 1949-12-28 1952-08-07 Ake Torgny Bergqvist Locking device for tubes of telescopic structures
FR1015257A (en) * 1950-03-28 1952-09-15 Sambre & Meuse Usines Mine extension
US2784015A (en) * 1953-04-24 1957-03-05 Carl G Swanson Pole base
DE1140890B (en) * 1960-06-11 1962-12-13 Karl Maria Groetschel Dipl Ing Vorpfaendkappe, in particular Vorpfaendwendekappe
DE1750583A1 (en) * 1968-05-16 1971-02-25 Permali Ltd Anchors, tie rods and sockets
DE1932115A1 (en) * 1969-06-25 1971-01-07 Schwarz & Schling Corner connector for profile tube
GB1369236A (en) * 1972-05-23 1974-10-02 British Iron Steel Research Space frames
FR2302411A1 (en) * 1975-02-27 1976-09-24 Lorraine Houilleres SUPPORT TELESCOPIC HAT
DE8305874U1 (en) * 1983-03-02 1983-10-20 Heiliger, Martha-Catharina, 5166 Kreuzau STEEL JOINT CAP FOR UNDERGROUND REMOVAL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO874981L (en) 1988-06-02
FI87600B (en) 1992-10-15
FI875267A0 (en) 1987-11-30
CA1326961C (en) 1994-02-15
NZ222715A (en) 1990-04-26
US4820085A (en) 1989-04-11
CS860887A2 (en) 1989-08-14
IN168499B (en) 1991-04-13
ZA878972B (en) 1988-08-31
DE3775736D1 (en) 1992-02-13
BG49277A3 (en) 1991-09-16
DE8632139U1 (en) 1987-02-26
PL268995A1 (en) 1988-09-01
CN1013136B (en) 1991-07-10
EP0273122A1 (en) 1988-07-06
PL156515B1 (en) 1992-03-31
AU8194787A (en) 1988-06-09
UA7136A1 (en) 1995-06-30
HUT46782A (en) 1988-11-28
ATE71183T1 (en) 1992-01-15
TNSN87134A1 (en) 1990-01-01
ES2027675T3 (en) 1992-06-16
TR23723A (en) 1990-07-18
CN87108117A (en) 1988-06-29
MA21121A1 (en) 1988-07-01
GR3003490T3 (en) 1993-02-17
FI875267A (en) 1988-06-02
PT86240A (en) 1989-01-17
YU211987A (en) 1991-02-28
SU1611224A3 (en) 1990-11-30
CS268843B2 (en) 1990-04-11
AU583994B2 (en) 1989-05-11
JPH05520B2 (en) 1993-01-06
NO874981D0 (en) 1987-11-30
HU198981B (en) 1989-12-28
FI87600C (en) 1993-01-25
BR8706388A (en) 1988-07-19
JPS63194099A (en) 1988-08-11
PT8773T (en) 1994-02-28
RO110167B1 (en) 1995-10-30

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