EP0269160B1 - Electrochemical time switch - Google Patents

Electrochemical time switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0269160B1
EP0269160B1 EP87202126A EP87202126A EP0269160B1 EP 0269160 B1 EP0269160 B1 EP 0269160B1 EP 87202126 A EP87202126 A EP 87202126A EP 87202126 A EP87202126 A EP 87202126A EP 0269160 B1 EP0269160 B1 EP 0269160B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
hollow body
connection
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP87202126A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0269160A1 (en
Inventor
Detlev Dr. Hennings
Hans-Peter Dr. Stromberg
Manfred Peterek
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Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Application filed by Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH, Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Publication of EP0269160A1 publication Critical patent/EP0269160A1/en
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Publication of EP0269160B1 publication Critical patent/EP0269160B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H43/00—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed
    • H01H43/32—Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-intervals for executing one or more switching actions and automatically terminating their operations after the programme is completed with timing of actuation of contacts due to electrolytic processes; with timing of actuation of contacts due to chemical processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrochemical time switch device with a hollow body which is filled with a liquid electrolyte and in which an electrical charge flows between a degradable anode and a cathode when a voltage is connected to the anode connection and the cathode connection.
  • An electrochemical time switch means an element which triggers a switching process after a certain amount of charge has flowed through an electrolyte, with which, for example, an electrical device can be switched off after a predetermined operating time.
  • Such facilities can e.g. use in conjunction with lamps.
  • high-pressure gas discharge lamps change their lighting properties at the end of their natural lifespan. They no longer meet the requirements for color temperature, color rendering and luminous efficacy that meet their specification, even though such a lamp is still lit. To prevent this, such lamps must be switched off before the end of their natural life.
  • An electrochemical time switch can serve this purpose.
  • An electrochemical time switch device mentioned at the outset is known from DE-A-22 01 794.
  • a liquid electrolyte is introduced into a hollow copper body, which serves as an electrode, in which lies a U-shaped copper wire designed as a second electrode.
  • the U-shaped copper wire is gradually dismantled. The breakage of the copper wire causes a switching process.
  • Another electrochemical time switch device is known from US-A-37 68 015, in which an electrode is arranged at each end in a cylindrical hollow body. By applying a voltage to the terminals of the electrodes, a charge flows from one electrode to the other via a liquid electrolyte. An electrode is removed. A reference electrode, which emits a signal corresponding to the mass of the degradable electrode, is attached to the cylindrical hollow body at the level of the degradable electrode. A switching process is triggered at a specific voltage of the reference electrode.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrochemical time switching device that is simple and inexpensive and in which the switching process is triggered in a simple manner.
  • an elastic sleeve is arranged in the hollow body between the anode connection and the anode, which surrounds an electrical lead wire connecting the anode connection and the anode, the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of the anode and its Length is shorter than the length of the relaxed cuff.
  • the feed wire between the anode and the anode connection is introduced into the elastic sleeve such that the sleeve between the anode and the anode connection is compressed and tensioned.
  • the cuff is bulged at the point where the anode exerts pressure on it.
  • a charge flows from the anode via the liquid electrolyte to the cathode.
  • the anode is gradually dissolved.
  • the amount of dissolved anode material is proportional to the amount of charge flowing through the device and can be determined using Coulomb's law.
  • the elastic sleeve relaxes, encloses the free end of the supply wire and thus prevents the current flow between the supply wire and the cathode.
  • the supply wire must be chosen so thin that the elastic sleeve completely separates the supply wire from the electrolyte after the expansion.
  • a simple electrochemical time switch device results in a further development of the invention, in which the hollow body is cylindrical, at one end of which the anode with the sleeve and the lead wire and at the other end of which the cathode is arranged.
  • the anode is spherical. This ensures that the anode is broken down evenly.
  • the hollow body 1 contains an essentially closed cylindrical hollow body 1, which has at its two ends 2 and 3 an opening 4 and 5, in each of which a connecting wire 6 and 7 is attached.
  • the hollow body 1 can consist, for example, of carbon, glass or ceramic.
  • a cathode 8 is attached to the inside of the hollow body 1 at its end 3 and is made of a conductive, non-corrodible material, for example graphite or vitreous carbon.
  • An elastic sleeve 9, for example made of rubber, is provided in the cylindrical hollow body 1 at its other end 2.
  • the sleeve 9 surrounds a feed wire 10, which consists for example of silver and has a diameter of about 5 microns.
  • the feed wire 10 is connected on the one hand to the anode connecting wire 6 and on the other hand to a spherical anode 11.
  • the length of the feed wire 10 is chosen so that the spherical anode 11 is pressed into the elastic sleeve 9 and so the sleeve 9 is held under pressure.
  • the anode 11 can be made of silver or copper, for example.
  • the rest of the interior of the cylindrical hollow body 1 is filled with a liquid electrolyte 12, which may consist of silver nitrate or copper sulfate, for example.
  • the inside of the hollow body 1 must be filled with the electrolyte 12 so that no air cushion can form inside.
  • FIG. 2 shows a lamp 15 that is fed from an AC voltage source 16.
  • a diode 17 for rectifying the AC voltage is connected to a connection of the AC voltage source 16.
  • the diode 17 is followed by a resistor 18 for voltage limitation.
  • An electrode of an electrochemical time switch device 19 is connected to the connection of the resistor 18, which is not connected to the diode 17, the other electrode of which is connected to a connection of a relay 20.
  • the relay is still connected to the other connection of the AC voltage source 16.
  • the relay 20 actuates an electrical switch 21 which is connected in series with the lamp 15 to the AC voltage source 16.
  • the switch 21 is closed during the time in which a current flows through the electrochemical time switching device 19. Is the anode 11 removed, i.e. the current flow through the timer 19 is interrupted, then the relay 20 opens its switch 21 and the lamp 15 is disconnected from the AC voltage source 16.
  • a detection device consisting of at least one transistor or one thyristor can also be used.

Landscapes

  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung mit einem Hohlkörper, der mit einem flüssigen Elektrolyten gefüllt ist und bei dem zwischen einer abbaubaren Anode und einer Kathode eine elektrische Ladung bei Anschließen einer Spannung an den Anodenanschluß und den Kathodenanschluß fließt.The invention relates to an electrochemical time switch device with a hollow body which is filled with a liquid electrolyte and in which an electrical charge flows between a degradable anode and a cathode when a voltage is connected to the anode connection and the cathode connection.

Unter einer elektrochemischen Zeitschalteinrichtung wird ein Element verstanden, welches nach dem Durchfluß einer bestimmten Ladungsmenge durch einen Elektrolyten einen Schaltvorgang auslöst, womit beispielsweise ein elektrisches Gerät nach einer vorgegebenen Betriebsdauer abgeschaltet werden kann. Solche Einrichtungen lassen sich z.B. in Verbindung mit Lampen verwenden. Beispielsweise verändern Hochdruckgasentladungslampen am Ende ihrer natürlichen Lebensdauer ihre lichttechnischen Eigenschaften. Sie erfüllen nicht mehr die Anforderunen an Farbtemperatur, Farbwiedergabe und Lichtausbeute, die ihrer Spezifikation entsprechen, obwohl eine solche Lampe noch leuchtet. Um derartiges zu verhindern, müssen solche Lampen vor dem Ende ihrer natürlichen Lebensdauer abgeschaltet werden. Hierzu kann eine elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung dienen.An electrochemical time switch means an element which triggers a switching process after a certain amount of charge has flowed through an electrolyte, with which, for example, an electrical device can be switched off after a predetermined operating time. Such facilities can e.g. use in conjunction with lamps. For example, high-pressure gas discharge lamps change their lighting properties at the end of their natural lifespan. They no longer meet the requirements for color temperature, color rendering and luminous efficacy that meet their specification, even though such a lamp is still lit. To prevent this, such lamps must be switched off before the end of their natural life. An electrochemical time switch can serve this purpose.

Eine eingangs erwähnte elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung ist aus der DE-A-22 01 794 bekannt. Hierbei ist in einen Kupferhohlkörper, der als Elektrode dient, ein flüssiger Elektrolyt eingebracht, in dem ein U-förmiger als zweite Elektrode ausgebildeter Kupferdraht liegt. Bei Anlegen einer Spannung an die jeweiligen Anschlüsse der Elektroden wird der U-förmige Kupferdraht nach und nach abgebaut. Der Bruch des Kupferdrahtes bewirkt einen Schaltvorgang.An electrochemical time switch device mentioned at the outset is known from DE-A-22 01 794. In this case, a liquid electrolyte is introduced into a hollow copper body, which serves as an electrode, in which lies a U-shaped copper wire designed as a second electrode. When a voltage is applied to the respective Connections of the electrodes, the U-shaped copper wire is gradually dismantled. The breakage of the copper wire causes a switching process.

Eine weitere elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung ist aus der US-A-37 68 015 bekannt, bei der in einem zylinderförmigen Hohlkörper an den Enden jeweils eine Elektrode angeordnet ist. Durch Anlegen einer Spannung an die Anschlüsse der Elektroden fließt über einen flüssigen Elektrolyten eine Ladung von der einen zur anderen Elektrode. Dabei wird eine Elektrode abgebaut. Am zylinderförmigen Hohlkörper ist in Höhe der abbaubaren Elektrode eine Referenzelektrode angebracht, die ein der Masse der abbaubaren Elektrode entsprechendes Signal abgibt. Bei einer bestimmten Spannung der Referenzelektrode wird ein Schaltvorgang ausgelöst.Another electrochemical time switch device is known from US-A-37 68 015, in which an electrode is arranged at each end in a cylindrical hollow body. By applying a voltage to the terminals of the electrodes, a charge flows from one electrode to the other via a liquid electrolyte. An electrode is removed. A reference electrode, which emits a signal corresponding to the mass of the degradable electrode, is attached to the cylindrical hollow body at the level of the degradable electrode. A switching process is triggered at a specific voltage of the reference electrode.

Diese bekannten elektrochemischen Zeitschalteinrichtungen sind kompliziert aufgebaut und benötigen eine aufwendige Elektronik zur Auslösung des Schaltvorganges.These known electrochemical time switch devices have a complicated structure and require complex electronics to trigger the switching process.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung zu schaffen, die einfach aufgebaut und billig ist und bei der der Schaltvorgang auf einfache Art ausgelöst wird.The invention has for its object to provide an electrochemical time switching device that is simple and inexpensive and in which the switching process is triggered in a simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer elektrochemischen Zeitschalteinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß im Hohlkörper zwischen Anodenanschluß und Anode eine elastische Manschette angeordnet ist, die einen den Anodenanschluß und die Anode verbindenden elektrischen Zuführungsdraht umgibt, dessen Querschnitt geringer ist als der Querschnitt der Anode und dessen Länge kürzer als die Länge der entspannten Manschette ist.This object is achieved in an electrochemical time switch of the type mentioned in that an elastic sleeve is arranged in the hollow body between the anode connection and the anode, which surrounds an electrical lead wire connecting the anode connection and the anode, the cross-section of which is smaller than the cross-section of the anode and its Length is shorter than the length of the relaxed cuff.

Bei dieser elektrochemischen Zeitschalteinrichtung ist der Zuführungsdraht zwischen Anode und Anodenanschluß so in die elastische Manschette eingebracht, daß die Manschette zwischen Anode und Anodenanschluß zusammengedrückt und gespannt ist. Die Manschette ist an der Stelle eingewölbt, an der die Anode auf sie einen Druck ausübt. Nach Anlegen einer Spannung an den Anodenanschluß und den Kathodenanschluß fließt eine Ladung von der Anode über den flüssigen Elektrolyten zur Kathode. Dabei wird die Anode nach und nach aufgelöst. Die Menge des aufgelösten Anodenmaterials ist der durch die Einrichtung geflossenen Ladungsmenge proportional und läßt sich mit Hilfe des Coulombschen Gesetzes bestimmen. Nach dem vollständigen Abbau der Anode entspannt sich die elastische Manschette, umschließt das nun freie Ende des Zuführungsdrahtes und verhindert somit den Stromfluß zwischen Zuführungsdraht und Kathode. Der Zuführungsdraht muß so dünn gewählt werden, daß die elastische Manschette nach der Entspannung den Zuführungsdraht vollständig vom Elektrolyten trennt.In this electrochemical time switch device, the feed wire between the anode and the anode connection is introduced into the elastic sleeve such that the sleeve between the anode and the anode connection is compressed and tensioned. The cuff is bulged at the point where the anode exerts pressure on it. After applying a voltage to the anode connection and the cathode connection, a charge flows from the anode via the liquid electrolyte to the cathode. The anode is gradually dissolved. The amount of dissolved anode material is proportional to the amount of charge flowing through the device and can be determined using Coulomb's law. After the anode has been completely removed, the elastic sleeve relaxes, encloses the free end of the supply wire and thus prevents the current flow between the supply wire and the cathode. The supply wire must be chosen so thin that the elastic sleeve completely separates the supply wire from the electrolyte after the expansion.

Eine einfach ausgebildete elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung ergibt sich in einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung, bei der der Hohlkörper zylinderförmig ausgebildet ist, an dessen einem Ende die Anode mit der Manschette und dem Zuführungsdraht und an dessen anderem Ende die Kathode angeordnet ist.A simple electrochemical time switch device results in a further development of the invention, in which the hollow body is cylindrical, at one end of which the anode with the sleeve and the lead wire and at the other end of which the cathode is arranged.

Bei einer weiteren Fortbildung der Erfindung ist die Anode kugelförmig ausgebildet. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß die Anode gleichmäßig abgebaut wird.In a further development of the invention, the anode is spherical. This ensures that the anode is broken down evenly.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung im Längsschnitt und
  • Fig. 2 eine elektrische Schaltungsanordnung, in der eine elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung verwendet wird.
An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is an electrochemical time switch in longitudinal section and
  • Fig. 2 shows an electrical circuit arrangement in which an electrochemical time switch device is used.

Die elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung nach Fig. 1 enthält einen im wesentlichen geschlossenen zylinderförmigen Hohlkörper 1, der an seinen beiden Enden 2 und 3 jeweils eine Öffnung 4 bzw. 5 aufweist, in denen jeweils ein Anschlußdraht 6 bzw. 7 angebracht ist. Der Hohlkörper 1 kann beispielsweise aus Kohlenstoff, Glas oder Keramik bestehen. Im Innern des Hohlkörpers 1 ist an seinem Ende 3 eine Kathode 8 angebracht, die aus leitfähigem, nicht korrodierbarem Material, beispielsweise aus Graphit oder glasartigen Kohlenstoff, besteht. Im zylinderförmigen Hohlkörper 1 ist an seinem anderen Ende 2 eine elastische Manschette 9, beispielsweise aus Gummi, vorgesehen. Die Manschette 9 umgibt einen Zuführungsdraht 10, der beispielsweise aus Silber besteht und einen Durchmesser von ca. 5 µm besitzt. Der Zuführungsdraht 10 ist einerseits mit dem Anodenanschlußdraht 6 und andererseits mit einer kugelförmigen Anode 11 verbunden. Die Länge des Zuführungsdrahtes 10 ist so gewählt, daß die kugelförmige Anode 11 in die elastische Manschette 9 hineingedrückt und so die Manschette 9 unter Druck gehalten wird. Die Anode 11 kann beispielsweise aus Silber oder Kupfer bestehen. Der restliche Innenraum des zylinderförmigen Hohlkörpers 1 ist mit einem flüssigen Elektrolyten 12 gefüllt, der beispielsweise aus Silbernitrat oder Kupfersulfat bestehen kann. Das Innere des Hohlkörpers 1 muß so mit dem Elektrolyten 12 ausgefüllt sein, daß sich im Innern kein Luftpolster bilden kann.1 contains an essentially closed cylindrical hollow body 1, which has at its two ends 2 and 3 an opening 4 and 5, in each of which a connecting wire 6 and 7 is attached. The hollow body 1 can consist, for example, of carbon, glass or ceramic. A cathode 8 is attached to the inside of the hollow body 1 at its end 3 and is made of a conductive, non-corrodible material, for example graphite or vitreous carbon. An elastic sleeve 9, for example made of rubber, is provided in the cylindrical hollow body 1 at its other end 2. The sleeve 9 surrounds a feed wire 10, which consists for example of silver and has a diameter of about 5 microns. The feed wire 10 is connected on the one hand to the anode connecting wire 6 and on the other hand to a spherical anode 11. The length of the feed wire 10 is chosen so that the spherical anode 11 is pressed into the elastic sleeve 9 and so the sleeve 9 is held under pressure. The anode 11 can be made of silver or copper, for example. The rest of the interior of the cylindrical hollow body 1 is filled with a liquid electrolyte 12, which may consist of silver nitrate or copper sulfate, for example. The inside of the hollow body 1 must be filled with the electrolyte 12 so that no air cushion can form inside.

Bei Anlegen einer Gleichspannung an den Anodenanschlußdraht 6 und den Kathodenanschlußdraht 7 fließt von der Anode 11 über den Elektrolyten 12 zur Kathode 8 ein Strom. Bei diesem Ladungsfluß wird die Anode 11 nach und nach aufgelöst. Wenn die Anode 11 vollständig abgebaut worden ist, entspannt sich die Manschette 9 und isoliert den Zuführungsdraht 10 vom flüssigen Elektrolyten 12. Da der Zuführungsdraht 10 keine Verbindung mehr zum Elektrolyten 12 aufweist, kann auch kein Strom mehr zur Kathode 8 fließen. Die elektrische Zeitschalteinrichtung gemäß der Fig. 1 verhindert also nach einer bestimmten Zeit, daß durch sie ein weiterer Strom fließt. Die Dauer des Ladungsflusses durch den Elektrolyten 12 wird von der Masse der Anode 11 bestimmt.When a direct voltage is applied to the anode lead 6 and the cathode lead 7, a current flows from the anode 11 via the electrolyte 12 to the cathode 8. With this charge flow, the anode 11 is gradually dissolved. When the anode 11 has been completely removed, the sleeve 9 relaxes and isolates the feed wire 10 from the liquid electrolyte 12. Since the feed wire 10 is no longer connected to the electrolyte 12, no more current can flow to the cathode 8 either. The electrical time switch device according to FIG. 1 thus prevents a further current from flowing through it after a certain time. The duration of the charge flow through the electrolyte 12 is determined by the mass of the anode 11.

Eine solche elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung kann in einem elektrischen Gerät verwendet werden, das am Ende seiner natürlichen Lebensdauer abgeschaltet werden soll. In Fig. 2 ist eine Lampe 15 dargestellt, die aus einer Wechselspannungsquelle 16 gespeist wird. An einen Anschluß der Wechselspannungsquelle 16 ist eine Diode 17 zur Gleichrichtung der Wechselspannung angeschlossen. Der Diode 17 ist ein Widerstand 18 zur Spannungsbegrenzung nachgeschaltet. An den Anschluß des Widerstandes 18, der nicht mit der Diode 17 verbunden ist, ist eine Elektrode einer elektrochemischen Zeitschalteinrichtung 19 angeschlossen, deren andere Elektrode an einem Anschluß eines Relais 20 angeschlossen ist. Das Relais ist noch mit dem anderen Anschluß der Wechselspannungsquelle 16 verbunden. Das Relais 20 betätigt einen elektrischen Schalter 21, der in Reihe mit der Lampe 15 an die Wechselspannungsquelle 16 angeschlossen ist. Der Schalter 21 ist während der Zeit geschlossen, in der ein Strom durch die elektrochemische Zeitschalteinrichtung 19 fließt. Ist nun die Anode 11 abgebaut, d.h. der Stromfluß durch die Zeitschalteinrichtung 19 unterbrochen, dann öffnet das Relais 20 seinen Schalter 21 und die Lampe 15 wird von der Wechselspannungsquelle 16 getrennt.Such an electrochemical time switch can be used in an electrical device that is to be switched off at the end of its natural life. FIG. 2 shows a lamp 15 that is fed from an AC voltage source 16. A diode 17 for rectifying the AC voltage is connected to a connection of the AC voltage source 16. The diode 17 is followed by a resistor 18 for voltage limitation. An electrode of an electrochemical time switch device 19 is connected to the connection of the resistor 18, which is not connected to the diode 17, the other electrode of which is connected to a connection of a relay 20. The relay is still connected to the other connection of the AC voltage source 16. The relay 20 actuates an electrical switch 21 which is connected in series with the lamp 15 to the AC voltage source 16. The switch 21 is closed during the time in which a current flows through the electrochemical time switching device 19. Is the anode 11 removed, i.e. the current flow through the timer 19 is interrupted, then the relay 20 opens its switch 21 and the lamp 15 is disconnected from the AC voltage source 16.

An Stelle des Relais kann auch eine Detektionseinrichtung, bestehend aus wenigstens einem Transistor oder einem Thyristor, verwendet werden.Instead of the relay, a detection device consisting of at least one transistor or one thyristor can also be used.

Claims (3)

  1. An electrochemical time switching device, comprising a hollow body (1) which is filled with a liquid electrolyte (12) ad in which an electrical charge flows between a disintegrable anode (11) and a cathode (8) when a voltage is applied to the anode connection (6) and the cathode connection (7),
    characterized in that an elastic sleeve (9) is arranged in the hollow body (1) between the anode connection (6) and the anode (11), said sleeve enclosing an electric lead-in wire (10) which interconnects the anode connection (6) and the anode (11) and whose cross-section is smaller than the cross-section of the anode (11) and whose length is smaller than the length of the relieved sleeve (9).
  2. An electrochemical time switching device as claimed in Claim 1,
    characterized in that the hollow body (1) has a cylindrical construction, the anode (11) with the sleeve (9) and the lead-in wire (10) being arranged at one end of this body whilst the cathode (8) is arranged at its other end.
  3. An electrochemical time switching device as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims,
    characterized in that the anode (11) has a spherical shape.
EP87202126A 1986-11-08 1987-11-04 Electrochemical time switch Expired - Lifetime EP0269160B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863638235 DE3638235A1 (en) 1986-11-08 1986-11-08 ELECTROCHEMICAL TIMING DEVICE
DE3638235 1986-11-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0269160A1 EP0269160A1 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0269160B1 true EP0269160B1 (en) 1992-02-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87202126A Expired - Lifetime EP0269160B1 (en) 1986-11-08 1987-11-04 Electrochemical time switch

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US (1) US4860269A (en)
EP (1) EP0269160B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63136433A (en)
DE (2) DE3638235A1 (en)

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DE4117355A1 (en) * 1991-05-28 1992-12-03 Jola Spezialschalter K Mattil Position responsive switch for electrical appts. - using non-metallic, electrically-conducting liquid for bridging spaced electrodes in switched tube
DE9106526U1 (en) * 1991-05-28 1991-09-19 Jola Spezialschalter K. Mattil & Co., 67466 Lambrecht Position switch
US5947369A (en) * 1995-09-21 1999-09-07 Temtec, Inc. Electronic time badge
US6198701B1 (en) * 1998-09-03 2001-03-06 Polyplus Battery Company, Inc. Electrochemical timer
US7813226B2 (en) * 2002-12-13 2010-10-12 Vision Works Ip Corporation Timing system and device and method for making the same
US6822931B2 (en) 2001-12-13 2004-11-23 Vision Works, Llc Timing system and device and method for making the same
US8717854B2 (en) * 2002-12-13 2014-05-06 Vision Works Ip Corporation Environment dependent—temperature independent color changing label
US7254095B1 (en) 2002-12-13 2007-08-07 Vision Works, Llc Timing system and device and method for making the same
EP1720188B1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2014-10-15 Acreo Swedish ICT AB Timer switch
US7994892B2 (en) * 2007-06-21 2011-08-09 Jpa Inc. Oxidative opening switch assembly and methods
EP2401659B1 (en) * 2009-02-26 2016-12-14 Vision Works Ip Corporation Time dependent - temperature independent color changing label
US9188962B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2015-11-17 Vision Works Ip Corporation Timing system and device and method for making the same
US9298167B2 (en) 2011-12-23 2016-03-29 Vision Works Ip Corporation Timing system and device and method for making the same
EP2819065B1 (en) * 2013-06-27 2015-10-28 Nxp B.V. Powerless time reference
US10338537B2 (en) 2014-09-08 2019-07-02 Vision Works Ip Corporation Indicators for external variables consisting of singular and multiple depletion cells
US10318604B2 (en) 2017-02-13 2019-06-11 Vision Works Ip Corporation Electronically readable system and device with changing codes

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DD45195A (en) *
GB172000A (en) * 1920-11-26 1922-12-21 Siemens Ag Improvements in meters for telephone systems
US4084511A (en) * 1960-06-07 1978-04-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrolytic timing element
US3711751A (en) * 1971-01-14 1973-01-16 Compuline Corp Electrolytic timer delay capsule
US3768015A (en) * 1971-11-15 1973-10-23 Catalyst Research Corp Electrolytic timing cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3638235A1 (en) 1988-05-11
EP0269160A1 (en) 1988-06-01
DE3776761D1 (en) 1992-03-26
US4860269A (en) 1989-08-22
JPS63136433A (en) 1988-06-08

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