EP0268767B1 - Cannon of a tank - Google Patents

Cannon of a tank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268767B1
EP0268767B1 EP87113284A EP87113284A EP0268767B1 EP 0268767 B1 EP0268767 B1 EP 0268767B1 EP 87113284 A EP87113284 A EP 87113284A EP 87113284 A EP87113284 A EP 87113284A EP 0268767 B1 EP0268767 B1 EP 0268767B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gun barrel
cooling channels
barrel
cooling
weapon barrel
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EP87113284A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0268767A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Dipl.-Phys. Bol
Manfred Dr. Schildknecht
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Battelle Institut eV
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Battelle Institut eV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/24—Barrels or gun tubes with fins or ribs, e.g. for cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A13/00—Cooling or heating systems; Blowing-through of gun barrels; Ventilating systems
    • F41A13/12—Systems for cooling the outer surface of the barrel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weapon barrel of a main battle tank.
  • the battle tube of a battle tank is warmed up when projectiles are fired.
  • the heated barrel is a very clearly recognizable object for thermal imaging devices.
  • the IR signature of a battle tank with a warm barrel is therefore particularly distinctive. It is therefore desirable to cool the surface of the weapon barrel back to the ambient temperature as quickly as possible after the shooting or to prevent the surface temperature from rising sharply during the shooting.
  • the gun barrel is warmed up on one side when the sun is shining. Due to the one-sided heating, the tube bends to such an extent that there is a deposit between the optical axes of the target device and the actual firing direction. To prevent pipe bending, the pipe should be largely shielded from solar radiation. And the remaining amount of heat reaching the tubular body must be distributed evenly over the circumference of the tube.
  • the actual function of the gun barrel results in particular difficulties in solving the technical problem. So all devices attached to the pipe must withstand the large forces that occur when the pipe is returned.
  • the return acceleration for the 120 mm smooth-barrel cannon of the Leopard 2 is of the order of 300 g.
  • the pipe return is approx. 0.3 m.
  • the tube must be freely movable in this way over the length of the guides.
  • the smoke extraction device is pushed onto the pipe length protruding freely from the tower. This represents an obstacle for any cooling device that has to be avoided or bridged. If possible, the smoke evacuator should be included in the cooling.
  • a weapon barrel of a main battle tank which carries insulating tubes made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. This does reduce the temperature of the outer surface and thus the IR heat radiation when the barrel is warm, and the GRP insulating tubes keep part of the radiated heat away from the barrel itself when exposed to sunlight.
  • the thermal insulation provided by the GRP pipes is not sufficient for IR camouflage of the hot shot pipe or for preventing pipe bending in the sun. The problems that occur when mechanically attaching the GRP tubes to the weapon barrel have not yet been completely resolved.
  • FR-A 1 202 504 describes a weapon barrel of a main battle tank with cooling channels provided on the outer surface of the weapon barrel, which extend uniformly over the circumference and over the length of the weapon barrel.
  • the same prior art is otherwise described in AT-B 85 720.
  • the actual weapon barrel is made of metal there, so that the heat generated in the interior of the weapon barrel during shooting passes through the solid material of the gun barrel to the outside. Despite the cooling through the cooling channels, the known weapon barrel cannot be kept at the ambient temperature when firing and is therefore visible via suitable viewing devices.
  • DE-A1 3 046 639 describes a weapon barrel with a stiffening device which dampens bending vibrations, consisting of a jacket tube which surrounds the actual weapon barrel to form an annular space.
  • the jacket tube also functions as a heat protection tube.
  • the jacket tube can also be constructed in multiple layers. Cooling channels are not provided there.
  • CH-B 457 193 describes a weapon barrel in which, in order to reduce deflection when firing, the actual weapon barrel is surrounded by a protective jacket which forms an annular space between the two tubes which is used for cooling purposes.
  • the protective jacket can also be provided with cooling fins.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a weapon barrel of a main battle tank which is distinguished by a noticeable reduction in the IR signature and in which a tube connection is largely or completely avoided when exposed to sunlight.
  • the invention is characterized in that an all-round heat-insulating layer is applied to the inside of the cooling channels on the weapon barrel.
  • the outer surface of the weapon barrel is kept at ambient temperature when firing, to which the cooling channels naturally also contribute.
  • the heat-insulating layer causes the amount of heat generated when shooting in the tube to be released to the cooling channels so slowly that it can be removed from the cooling medium without the outer surface of the tube becoming noticeably warmer for thermal imaging devices.
  • the cooling device has the effect that heat supplied from the outside on one side, for example via solar radiation, or also heat discharged from the outside on one side, for example via wind or rain, does not lead to an inhomogeneous temperature distribution and thereby to a bending of the tubular body.
  • the heat-insulating layer is also essential here, since it prevents one-sided heating or cooling of the inner tube, and likewise together with the cooling channels. In this case, heat supplied on one side is dissipated via the cooling channels wound around the tube and is distributed uniformly over the circumference of the tube.
  • the cooling channels are usually fed with cooling air via a blower. They advantageously extend in helices around the weapon barrel, although a ring of axially parallel cooling channels can also be provided for this purpose.
  • these cooling channels are formed by grooves made directly in the barrel wall, which are closed off from the outside by a thin-walled barrel pushed over the weapon barrel.
  • the weapon barrel with the cut grooves can be covered with a heat-insulating layer before the outer barrel is opened. This layer could for example consist of ceramic that has been sputtered on with a plasma spraying process.
  • the cooling channels are formed from support webs helically applied to the tube and a thin-walled tube pushed over them.
  • a layer of low thermal conductivity can first be applied to the weapon barrel.
  • cooling channels running helically around the weapon barrel is to slide an outer barrel with helical grooves cut into the inner surface onto the weapon barrel.
  • a heat-insulating layer can first be applied to the weapon barrel.
  • an insulating layer between the cooling channels and the weapon barrel causes the radiated heat energy to be dissipated from the air blown through the cooling channels without heating the wall of the gun barrel itself.
  • the connection of the cooling channels to the blower is provided via a distribution chamber at the rear end of the tube.
  • the distributor chamber can be designed telescopically so that it can be pushed together in accordance with the return of the tube.
  • the distribution chamber can also be formed entirely from flexible material. If necessary, a flexible hose connection between the distributor chamber and the blower ensures that the blower can be mounted at a point where it is not moved during the pipe return.
  • the bridging of the smoke extractor of the weapon barrel is also possible by means of one or more intermediate chambers.
  • the smoke extractor can be pushed forward from the gun barrel, similar to the way it is provided for cleaning or repairing known gun barrels.
  • the area of the smoke extractor is included in the cooling.
  • this first embodiment of a weapon barrel consists of a wall 1, in the outer surface of which cooling channels 2 are cut which extend helically around the circumference of the weapon barrel.
  • the cooling channels are formed by grooves made directly in the tube wall.
  • the cooling channels are closed off from the outside by a thin-walled tube 3 pushed over the weapon barrel.
  • the weapon barrel with the incised grooves can be covered with a heat-insulating layer 4 before the outer barrel 3 is pulled on.
  • This layer consists, for example, of ceramic that has been sputtered on using a plasma spraying process.
  • the cooling channels 2 are formed from support webs 5 helically applied to the tube and the thin-walled tube 3 pushed over them.
  • a heat-insulating layer 4 is again provided, which in this embodiment is also preferably located on the inside of the cooling channels 2. 4, the helical cooling channels are indicated at item 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows the connection of the cooling channels 2 to a blower 6.
  • an air distribution chamber 7 is provided, which is telescopically extendable or retractable in the direction of the double arrow 8, so that it can be pushed together accordingly when the pipe returns.
  • the distribution chamber can also be formed from flexible material in the manner of a bellows.
  • a flexible hose connection 9 between the distribution chamber and the blower ensures, if necessary, that the blower can be installed at a point where it is not moved when the pipe is returned (see arrow 10).
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a smoke extractor with a housing 12 pushed onto the weapon barrel.
  • the space between the outer tube 14 and the housing of the smoke extractor is likewise flowed through by the cooling air.
  • the outer tube 14 thus forms an intermediate chamber for bridging the smoke extractor.
  • the outer tube 14 is an additional component that is independent of the actual smoke extractor 12. It can be seen that the cooling air sweeps past the inside of the outer tube 14 in the direction of the arrows 13, as a result of which the smoke extractor 12 is bridged to a certain extent while maintaining the cooling effect.
  • An annular space 15 through which the cooling air flows is used for this purpose between the housing of the smoke extractor 12 and the outer tube 14. The area of the smoke extractor is thus included in the cooling.
  • the outer tube 14 and the smoke evacuator 12 can be successively pushed forward from the weapon barrel, similarly as is provided in the known weapon tubes with smoke aspirators for cleaning or repair work.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

1. Gun barrel of a combat tank with cooling channels (2) provided on the outer surface of the gun barrel, said cooling channels extending uniformly in peripheral and longitudinal direction on the gun barrel, comprising : a heat-insulating layer (4) extending all around having been applied on the inner surface of the cooling channels (2) onto the gun barrel.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Waffenrohr eines Kampfpanzers. Das Waffenrohr von Kampfpanzern wird beim Abfeuern von Geschossen erwärmt. Das erwärmte Rohr stellt für Wärmebildgeräte ein sehr deutlich erkennbares Objekt dar. Die IR-Signatur eines Kampfpanzers mit warmgeschossenem Waffenrohr ist daher besonders markant. Deshalb ist es wünschenswert, die Oberfläche des Waffenrohrs nach dem Schießen möglichst rasch wieder auf die Umgebungstemperatur abzukühlen oder von vornherein zu verhindern, daß die Oberflächentemperatur beim Schießen stark ansteigt.The invention relates to a weapon barrel of a main battle tank. The battle tube of a battle tank is warmed up when projectiles are fired. The heated barrel is a very clearly recognizable object for thermal imaging devices. The IR signature of a battle tank with a warm barrel is therefore particularly distinctive. It is therefore desirable to cool the surface of the weapon barrel back to the ambient temperature as quickly as possible after the shooting or to prevent the surface temperature from rising sharply during the shooting.

Bei Sonneneinstrahlung wird das Waffenrohr einseitig aufgewärmt. Durch die einseitige Erwärmung biegt sich das Rohr soweit, daß eine Ablage zwischen den optischen Achsen der Zieleinrichtung und der tatsächlichen Schußrichtung entsteht. Zur Verhinderung der Rohrverbiegung sollte das Rohr weitgehend von der Sonneneinstrahlung abgeschirmt werden. Und die restliche auf den Rohrkörpergelangende Wärmemenge muß über den Rohrumfang gleichmäßig verteilt werden.The gun barrel is warmed up on one side when the sun is shining. Due to the one-sided heating, the tube bends to such an extent that there is a deposit between the optical axes of the target device and the actual firing direction. To prevent pipe bending, the pipe should be largely shielded from solar radiation. And the remaining amount of heat reaching the tubular body must be distributed evenly over the circumference of the tube.

Durch die eigentliche Funktion des Waffenrohrs ergeben sich besondere Schwierigkeiten bei der Lösung der gestellten technischen Aufgabe. So müssen alle am Rohr befestigten Vorrichtungen die großen Kräfte aushalten, die beim Rücklauf des Rohres auftreten. Die Rücklaufbeschleunigung liegt bei der 120 mm Glattrohrkanone des Leopard 2 in der Größenordnung 300 g. Der Rohrrücklauf beträgt ca. 0,3 m. Auf dieser Länge muß das Rohr in den vorgesehenen Führungen frei beweglich sein. Auf der frei aus dem Turm herausragenden Rohrlänge ist die Rauchabsaugvorrichtung muffenförmig aufgeschoben. Diese stellt für jegliche Kühlvorrichtung ein Hindernis dar, das umgangen oder überbrückt werden muß. Nach Möglichkeit ist der Rauchgasabsauger in die Kühlung einzubeziehen.The actual function of the gun barrel results in particular difficulties in solving the technical problem. So all devices attached to the pipe must withstand the large forces that occur when the pipe is returned. The return acceleration for the 120 mm smooth-barrel cannon of the Leopard 2 is of the order of 300 g. The pipe return is approx. 0.3 m. The tube must be freely movable in this way over the length of the guides. The smoke extraction device is pushed onto the pipe length protruding freely from the tower. This represents an obstacle for any cooling device that has to be avoided or bridged. If possible, the smoke evacuator should be included in the cooling.

Es ist ein Waffenrohr eines Kampfpanzers bekannt, das Isolierrohre aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff trägt. Dadurch wird zwar die Temperatur der Außenfläche und damit die IR-Wärmestrahlung bei warmgeschossenem Rohr verringert, und bei Sonneneinstrahlung halten die GFK-Isolierrohre einen Teil der eingestrahlten Wärme vom Waffenrohr selbst ab. Die Wärmeisolierung durch die GFK-Rohre reicht aber weder für die IR-Tarnung des warmgeschossenen Rohres noch zur Verhinderung von Rohrverbiegungen bei Sonneneinstrahlung aus. Auch die Probleme, die bei der mechanischen Befestigung der GFK-Rohre am Waffenrohr auftreten, sind noch nicht vollständig gelöst.A weapon barrel of a main battle tank is known, which carries insulating tubes made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. This does reduce the temperature of the outer surface and thus the IR heat radiation when the barrel is warm, and the GRP insulating tubes keep part of the radiated heat away from the barrel itself when exposed to sunlight. However, the thermal insulation provided by the GRP pipes is not sufficient for IR camouflage of the hot shot pipe or for preventing pipe bending in the sun. The problems that occur when mechanically attaching the GRP tubes to the weapon barrel have not yet been completely resolved.

Die FR-A 1 202 504 beschreibt ein Waffenrohr eines Kampfpanzers mit an der Außenfläche des Waffenrohres vorgesehenen Kühlkanälen, die sich gleichmäßig über den Umfang sowie über die Länge des Waffenrohres erstrecken. Denselben Stand der Technik beschreibt im übrigen die AT-B 85 720. Das eigentliche Waffenrohr besteht dort aus Metall, so daß die im Inneren des Waffenrohres beim Schießen erzeugte Wärme durch das Vollmaterial des Waffenrohres nach außen gelangt. Trotz der Kühlung durch die Kühlkanäle kann daher das bekannte Waffenrohr beim Schießen nicht auf der Umgebungstemperatur gehalten werden und ist daher über geeignete Sichtgeräte sichtbar.FR-A 1 202 504 describes a weapon barrel of a main battle tank with cooling channels provided on the outer surface of the weapon barrel, which extend uniformly over the circumference and over the length of the weapon barrel. The same prior art is otherwise described in AT-B 85 720. The actual weapon barrel is made of metal there, so that the heat generated in the interior of the weapon barrel during shooting passes through the solid material of the gun barrel to the outside. Despite the cooling through the cooling channels, the known weapon barrel cannot be kept at the ambient temperature when firing and is therefore visible via suitable viewing devices.

Die DE-A1 3 046 639 beschreibt ein Waffenrohr mit einer Biegeschwingungen dämpfenden Versteifung, bestehend aus einem Mantelrohr, das das eigentliche Waffenrohr unter Bildung eines Ringraums umgibt. Dadurch übt das Mantelrohr gleichzeitig die Funktion eines Wärmeschutzrohres aus. Das Mantelrohr kann auch mehrschichtig ausgebildet sein. Kühlkanäle sind dort nicht vorgesehen.DE-A1 3 046 639 describes a weapon barrel with a stiffening device which dampens bending vibrations, consisting of a jacket tube which surrounds the actual weapon barrel to form an annular space. As a result, the jacket tube also functions as a heat protection tube. The jacket tube can also be constructed in multiple layers. Cooling channels are not provided there.

Die CH-B 457 193 beschreibt ein Waffenrohr, bei dem zur Verringerung einer Durchbiegung beim Schießen das eigentliche Waffenrohr von einem Schutzmantel umgeben ist, der einen zu Kühlzwecken dienenden Ringraum zwischen den beiden Rohren ausbildet. Der Schutzmantel kann außerdem mit Kühlrippen versehen sein.CH-B 457 193 describes a weapon barrel in which, in order to reduce deflection when firing, the actual weapon barrel is surrounded by a protective jacket which forms an annular space between the two tubes which is used for cooling purposes. The protective jacket can also be provided with cooling fins.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Waffenrohr eines Kampfpanzers vorzuschlagen, das sich durch eine fühlbare Verringerung der IR-Signatur auszeichnet und bei dem eine Rohrverbindung bei Sonneneinstrahlung weitgehend oder vollständig vermieden wird.The invention is based on the object of proposing a weapon barrel of a main battle tank which is distinguished by a noticeable reduction in the IR signature and in which a tube connection is largely or completely avoided when exposed to sunlight.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine ringsum verlaufende wärmeisolierende Schicht an der Innenseite der Kühlkanäle auf das Waffenrohr aufgebracht ist.To achieve this object, the invention is characterized in that an all-round heat-insulating layer is applied to the inside of the cooling channels on the weapon barrel.

Dadurch wird die Außenoberfläche des Waffenrohres auch beim Schießen auf Umgebungstemperatur gehalten, wozu natürlich die Kühlkanäle ebenfalls beitragen. Die wärmeisolierende Schicht bewirkt, daß die beim Schießen im Rohr entstehende Wärmemenge so langsam an die Kühlkanäle abgegeben wird, daß sie vom Kühlmedium abgeführt werden kann, ohne daß die Außenoberfläche des Rohres für Wärmebildgeräte erkennbar wärmer wird. Außerdem bewirkt die Kühlvorrichtung, daß von außen einseitig zugeführte Wärme, beispielsweise über Sonneneinstrahlung, oder auch von außen einseitig abgeführte Wärme, beispielsweise über Wind oder Regen, nicht zu einer inhomogenen Temperaturverteilung und dadurch zu einer Verbiegung des Rohrkörpers führt. Auch hier ist die wärmeisolierende Schicht wesentlich, da sie eine einseitige Erwärmung oder Abkühlung des Innenrohres verhindert, und zwar ebenfalls zusammen mit den Kühlkanälen. Dabei wird über die um das Rohr gewendelten Kühlkanäle einseitig zugeführte Wärme abgeführt und gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Rohres verteilt.As a result, the outer surface of the weapon barrel is kept at ambient temperature when firing, to which the cooling channels naturally also contribute. The heat-insulating layer causes the amount of heat generated when shooting in the tube to be released to the cooling channels so slowly that it can be removed from the cooling medium without the outer surface of the tube becoming noticeably warmer for thermal imaging devices. In addition, the cooling device has the effect that heat supplied from the outside on one side, for example via solar radiation, or also heat discharged from the outside on one side, for example via wind or rain, does not lead to an inhomogeneous temperature distribution and thereby to a bending of the tubular body. The heat-insulating layer is also essential here, since it prevents one-sided heating or cooling of the inner tube, and likewise together with the cooling channels. In this case, heat supplied on one side is dissipated via the cooling channels wound around the tube and is distributed uniformly over the circumference of the tube.

Die Kühlkanäle werden üblicherweise über ein Gebläse mit Kühlluft beschickt. Sie erstrecken sich in vorteilhafter Weise in Wendeln um das Waffenrohr, obgleich auch ein Kranz von achsparallelen Kühlkanälen zu diesem Zweck vorgesehen sein kann.The cooling channels are usually fed with cooling air via a blower. They advantageously extend in helices around the weapon barrel, although a ring of axially parallel cooling channels can also be provided for this purpose.

Bei einer möglichen Ausführungsform werden diese Kühlkanäle von unmittelbar in die Rohrwand eingebrachten Nuten gebildet, die von einem über das Waffenrohr geschobenen dünnwandigen Rohr nach außen abgeschlossen werden. Das Waffenrohr mit den eingeschnittenen Nuten kann vor dem Aufziehen des Außenrohrs mit einer wärmeisolierenden Schicht überzogen werden. Diese Schicht könnte z.B. aus Keramik bestehen, die mit einem Plasmaspritzverfahren aufgesputtert worden ist.In a possible embodiment, these cooling channels are formed by grooves made directly in the barrel wall, which are closed off from the outside by a thin-walled barrel pushed over the weapon barrel. The weapon barrel with the cut grooves can be covered with a heat-insulating layer before the outer barrel is opened. This layer could for example consist of ceramic that has been sputtered on with a plasma spraying process.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform werden die Kühlkanäle aus wendelförmig auf das Rohr aufgebrachten Stützstegen und einem darübergeschobenen dünnwandigen Rohr gebildet. Auf dem Waffenrohr kann dabei zunächst noch eine Schicht geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufgebracht werden.In another embodiment, the cooling channels are formed from support webs helically applied to the tube and a thin-walled tube pushed over them. A layer of low thermal conductivity can first be applied to the weapon barrel.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Bildung von wendelförmig um das Waffenrohr herumlaufenden Kühlkanälen besteht darin, auf das Waffenrohr ein Außenrohr mit in die Innenfläche eingeschnittenen wendelförmigen Nuten aufzuschieben. Auch dabei kann auf das Waffenrohr zunächst eine wärmeisolierende Schicht aufgebracht werden.Another possibility for the formation of cooling channels running helically around the weapon barrel is to slide an outer barrel with helical grooves cut into the inner surface onto the weapon barrel. Here, too, a heat-insulating layer can first be applied to the weapon barrel.

Durch die in Wendeln um das Rohr verlaufenden Kühlkanäle wird von einem im Innern des Turms oder außen an der Waffenwiege installierten Gebläse Außenluft von hinten nach vorn geblasen oder von vorn nach hinten gesaugt.Due to the cooling ducts running around the tube in coils, outside air is blown from the back to the front or sucked from the front to the back by a blower installed inside the tower or on the outside of the weapon cradle.

Dadurch, daß die Kühlkanäle in Wendeln um das Rohr herumgeführt werden, wird erreicht, daß z. B. von der Sonne einseitig eingestrahlte Wärmeenergie gleichmäßig auf den Umfang verteilt wird.Characterized in that the cooling channels are passed around the tube in coils, it is achieved that, for. B. heat energy radiated from one side by the sun is evenly distributed over the circumference.

Bei Sonneneinstrahlung bewirkt eine Isolierschicht zwischen Kühlkanälen und Waffenrohr, daß die eingestrahlte Wärmeenergie von der durch die Kühlkanäle geblasenen Luft abgeführt wird, ohne die Wand des Waffenrohrs selbst zu erwärmen.When the sun shines, an insulating layer between the cooling channels and the weapon barrel causes the radiated heat energy to be dissipated from the air blown through the cooling channels without heating the wall of the gun barrel itself.

Der Anschluß der Kühlkanäle an das Gebläse ist über eine Verteilerkammer am hinteren Ende des Rohres vorgesehen. Dabei kann die Vertellerkammer teleskopartig ausgebildet sein, so daß sie sich dem Rücklauf des Rohres entsprechend zusammenschieben kann. Die Verteilerkammer kann zu diesem Zweck auch insgesamt aus flexiblem Material gebildet werden. Eine flexible Schlauchverbindung zwischen Verteilerkammer und Gebläse sorgt nötigenfalls dafür, daß das Gebläse an einer Stelle montiert sein kann, an der es beim Rohrrücklauf nicht mitbewegt wird.The connection of the cooling channels to the blower is provided via a distribution chamber at the rear end of the tube. The distributor chamber can be designed telescopically so that it can be pushed together in accordance with the return of the tube. For this purpose, the distribution chamber can also be formed entirely from flexible material. If necessary, a flexible hose connection between the distributor chamber and the blower ensures that the blower can be mounted at a point where it is not moved during the pipe return.

Die Uberbrückung des Rauchabsaugers des Waffenrohres ist ebenfalls mittels einer oder mehrerer Zwischenkammern möglich. Dabei kann der Rauchabsauger nach vorne vom Waffenrohr heruntergeschoben werden, ähnlich wie es bei bekannten Waffenrohren für Reinigung oder Instandsetzung vorgesehen ist. Der Bereich des Rauchabsaugers ist dabei in die Kühlung einbezogen.The bridging of the smoke extractor of the weapon barrel is also possible by means of one or more intermediate chambers. The smoke extractor can be pushed forward from the gun barrel, similar to the way it is provided for cleaning or repairing known gun barrels. The area of the smoke extractor is included in the cooling.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung der gestellten technischen Aufgabe werden gegenüber dem Stand der Technik folgende Fortschritte erzielt:

  • - Die Kühlkanäle bilden mit der Außenfläche des Waffenrohres eine konstruktive Einheit. Die Konstruktionselemente Waffenrohr, Isolierschicht, Stützstege, Außenhaut sind über die gesamte Rohrlänge an ihren Kontaktflächen miteinander verbunden. Die beim Rohrrücklauf auftretenden Trägheitskräfte sind gleichmäßig über die Verbindungsflächen verteilt. Es gibt keine einzelnen Befestigungsstellen, die großen mechanischen Kräften unterliegen.
  • - Die in Wendeln um das Waffenrohr herumgeführten Kühlkanäle bewirken eine gleichmäßige Temperierung des Waffenrohrs über den Umfang. Eine Verbiegung des Waffenrohrs durch einseitige Erwärmung oder Abkühlung wird dadurch vermieden.
  • - Die Isolierschicht zwischen dem Waffenrohr und den Kühlkanälen macht es möglich, die Außenhaut auf die Umgebungstemperatur zu bringen oder auf Umgebungstemperatur zu halten, ohne nach jedem Schuß die gesamte im Rohr gestaute Wärmeenergie rasch abführen zu müssen.
  • - Bei Sonneneinstrahlung bewirkt die Isolierschicht, daß die eingestrahlte Wärmeenergie von der Kühlluft abgeführt werden kann, bevor sie einseitig in die Wand des Waffenrohrs gelangt.
  • - Die Verteilerkammer am hinteren Rohrende, über welche die Kühlkanäle mit Luft beschickt werden, ermöglicht durch ihre Ausbildung als Teleskop oder ihre Ausstattung mit flexiblen Wänden einen ungehinderten Rohrrücklauf. Das Gebläse kann z. B. am Rohrlager montiert werden, so daß es nicht den Beschleunigungskräften beim Rohrrücklauf unterworfen ist.
  • - Verteilerkammern ermöglichen es, den Rauchabsauger in die Kühlung einzubeziehen, ohne seine Funktion zu stören und seine Demontage zu Wartungszwecken zu behindern.
With the solution to the technical problem according to the invention, the following advances are achieved compared to the prior art:
  • - The cooling channels form a structural unit with the outer surface of the weapon barrel. The construction elements of the weapon barrel, insulating layer, support webs and outer skin are connected to one another over the entire length of the barrel at their contact surfaces. The inertia forces that occur during pipe return are evenly distributed over the connecting surfaces. There are no individual fastening points that are subject to great mechanical forces.
  • - The cooling channels, which are routed around the weapon barrel in coils, bring about a uniform temperature control of the weapon barrel over the circumference. This prevents the gun barrel from bending due to one-sided heating or cooling.
  • - The insulating layer between the weapon barrel and the cooling channels makes it possible to bring the outer skin to the ambient temperature or to keep it at ambient temperature without having to quickly dissipate all the heat energy stored in the barrel after each shot.
  • - When exposed to sunlight, the insulating layer ensures that the radiated heat energy can be removed from the cooling air before it reaches the wall of the gun barrel on one side.
  • - The distribution chamber at the rear end of the pipe, through which the cooling ducts are supplied with air, enables an unobstructed pipe return through its design as a telescope or its equipment with flexible walls. The blower can e.g. B. be mounted on the pipe bearing so that it is not subjected to the acceleration forces when returning the pipe.
  • - Distribution chambers make it possible to include the smoke extractor in the cooling system without interfering with its function and preventing it from being dismantled for maintenance purposes.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, aus denen sich weitere wichtige Merkmale ergeben. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Waffenrohres;
  • Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch das Waffenrohr nach Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Waffenrohres;
  • Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch dieses Waffenrohr mit angedeuteten, wendelförmigen Kühlkanälen;
  • Fig. 5 eine teilweise geschnittene und schematische Seitenansicht eines Waffenrohres mit Rohrlager und weiteren Bauteilen;
  • Fig. 6 einen schematisierten Längsschnitt durch ein Waffenrohr nach der Erfindung mit Rauchabsauger;
  • Fig. 7 einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A' von Fig. 6.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments, from which further important features result. It shows:
  • 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment of a weapon barrel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the weapon barrel according to FIG. 1;
  • 3 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of the weapon barrel according to the invention;
  • 4 shows a longitudinal section through this weapon barrel with indicated helical cooling channels;
  • Figure 5 is a partially sectioned and schematic side view of a weapon barrel with barrel storage and other components.
  • 6 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a weapon barrel according to the invention with a smoke extractor;
  • FIG. 7 shows a section along the line AA ′ from FIG. 6.

Zunächst sei anhand der Fig. 1 und 2 der grundsätzliche Aufbau dieser ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Waffenrohres näher erläutert. Dieses besteht aus einer Wand 1, in dessen Außenfläche sich wendelförmig um den Umfang des Waffenrohres erstreckende Kühlkanäle 2 geschnitten sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform werden die Kühlkanäle von unmittelbar in die Rohrwand eingebrachten Nuten gebildet. Die Kühlkanäle werden von einem über das Waffenrohr geschobenen, dünnwandigen Rohr 3 nach außen abgeschlossen.First, the basic structure of this first embodiment of a weapon barrel according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. This consists of a wall 1, in the outer surface of which cooling channels 2 are cut which extend helically around the circumference of the weapon barrel. In this embodiment, the cooling channels are formed by grooves made directly in the tube wall. The cooling channels are closed off from the outside by a thin-walled tube 3 pushed over the weapon barrel.

Das Waffenrohr mit den eingeschnittenen Nuten kann vor dem Aufziehen des Außenrohres 3 mit einer wärmeisolierenden Schicht 4 überzogen werden. Diese Schicht besteht beispielsweise aus Keramik, die mit einem Plasmaspritzverfahren aufgesputtert worden ist.The weapon barrel with the incised grooves can be covered with a heat-insulating layer 4 before the outer barrel 3 is pulled on. This layer consists, for example, of ceramic that has been sputtered on using a plasma spraying process.

Bei der in den Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform werden die Kühlkanäle 2 aus wendelförmig auf das Rohr aufgebrachten Stützstegen 5 und dem darüber geschobenen dünnwandigen Rohr 3 gebildet. Auch hier ist wiederum eine wärmeisolierende Schicht 4 vorgesehen, die sich auch bei dieser Ausführungsform vorzugsweise an der Innenseite der Kühlkanäle 2 befindet. In Fig. 4 sind die wendelförmigen Kühlkanäle bei Pos. 2 angedeutet.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cooling channels 2 are formed from support webs 5 helically applied to the tube and the thin-walled tube 3 pushed over them. Here, too, a heat-insulating layer 4 is again provided, which in this embodiment is also preferably located on the inside of the cooling channels 2. 4, the helical cooling channels are indicated at item 2.

Fig. 5 zeigt den Anschluß der Kühlkanäle 2 an ein Gebläse 6. Hierzu ist eine Luftverteilerkammer 7 vorgesehen, die teleskopartig in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 8 ausziehbar bzw. einfahrbar ist, so daß sie sich beim Rücklauf des Rohres entsprechend zusammenschieben kann. Die Verteilerkammer kann zu diesem Zweck auch aus flexiblem Material nach Art eines Balges gebildet sein. Eine flexible Schlauchverbindung 9 zwischen der Verteilerkammer und dem Gebläse sorgt nötigenfalls dafür, daß das Gebläse an einer Stelle montiert werden kann, an der es beim Rohrrücklauf (siehe Pfeil 10) nicht mitbewegt wird.Fig. 5 shows the connection of the cooling channels 2 to a blower 6. For this purpose, an air distribution chamber 7 is provided, which is telescopically extendable or retractable in the direction of the double arrow 8, so that it can be pushed together accordingly when the pipe returns. For this purpose, the distribution chamber can also be formed from flexible material in the manner of a bellows. A flexible hose connection 9 between the distribution chamber and the blower ensures, if necessary, that the blower can be installed at a point where it is not moved when the pipe is returned (see arrow 10).

Aus Fig. 5 wird somit deutlich, daß das mit Druckluft oder Saugluft arbeitende Gebläse die Luft über entsprechende Einlaßöffnungen an der vorderen Stirnwand der Verteilerkammer 7 durch die Kühlkanäle 2 drückt oder saugt. Die Kühlkanäle sind zu diesem Zweck am vorderen Ende des Waffenrohres offen und stehen mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung. Die Teleskopverbindung der Verteilerkammer 7 trägt die Pos. Ziffer 11.From Fig. 5 it is thus clear that the blower working with compressed air or suction air pushes or sucks the air through corresponding inlet openings on the front end wall of the distributor chamber 7 through the cooling channels 2. For this purpose, the cooling channels are open at the front end of the weapon barrel and are connected to the atmosphere. The telescopic connection of the distribution chamber 7 carries the item number 11.

Fig. 6 und 7 zeigen einen auf das Waffenrohr aufgeschobenen Rauchabsauger mit einem Gehäuse 12. Der Zwischenraum zwichen dem Außenrohr 14 und dem Gehäuse des Rauchabsaugers wird ebenfalls von der Kühlluft durchströmt. Das Außenrohr 14 bildet also eine Zwischenkammer zur Überbrückung des Rauchabsaugers. Das Außenrohr 14 ist ein vom eigentlichen Rauchabsauger 12 unabhängiges, zusätzliches Bauteil. Es ist ersichtlich, daß die Kühlluft in Richtung der Pfeile 13 an der Innenseite des Außenrohres 14 vorbeistreicht, wodurch bei Beibehaltung der Kühlwirkung der Rauchabsauger 12 gewissermaßen überbrückt wird. Hierzu dient ein von der Kühlluft durchströmter Ringraum 15 zwischen dem Gehäuse des Rauchabsaugers 12 und dem Außenrohr 14. Der Bereich des Rauchabsaugers ist damit in die Kühlung einbezogen.6 and 7 show a smoke extractor with a housing 12 pushed onto the weapon barrel. The space between the outer tube 14 and the housing of the smoke extractor is likewise flowed through by the cooling air. The outer tube 14 thus forms an intermediate chamber for bridging the smoke extractor. The outer tube 14 is an additional component that is independent of the actual smoke extractor 12. It can be seen that the cooling air sweeps past the inside of the outer tube 14 in the direction of the arrows 13, as a result of which the smoke extractor 12 is bridged to a certain extent while maintaining the cooling effect. An annular space 15 through which the cooling air flows is used for this purpose between the housing of the smoke extractor 12 and the outer tube 14. The area of the smoke extractor is thus included in the cooling.

Fig. 7 zeigt zusätzlich Längsstege 16, die zur Abstützung des eigentlichen Rauchabsaugers am Waffenrohr dienen, und Längsstege 17, die das Außenrohr 14 gegen das Gehäuse 12 des Rauchabsaugers abstützen.7 additionally shows longitudinal webs 16, which serve to support the actual smoke extractor on the weapon barrel, and longitudinal webs 17, which support the outer tube 14 against the housing 12 of the smoke extractor.

Es ist ersichtlich, daß das Außenrohr 14 und der Rauchabsauger 12 nacheinander nach vorme vom Waffenrohr abgeschoben werden können, ähnlich wie dies bei den bekannten Waffenrohren mit Rauchabsaugern für Reinigungs- oder Instandsetzungsarbeiten vorgesehen ist.It can be seen that the outer tube 14 and the smoke evacuator 12 can be successively pushed forward from the weapon barrel, similarly as is provided in the known weapon tubes with smoke aspirators for cleaning or repair work.

Claims (6)

1. Gun barrel of a combat tank with cooling channels (2) provided on the outer surface of the gun barrel, said cooling channels extending uniformly in peripheral and longitudinal direction on the gun barrel, comprising: a heat-insulating layer (4) extending all around having been applied on the inner surface of the cooling channels (2) onto the gun barrel.
2. Gun barrel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling channels (2) extend helically around the gun barrel.
3. Gun barrel as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the cooling channels (2) are implemented as grooves cut into the outer surface of the gun barrel, with a slipped-on outer tube (3).
4. Gun barrel as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the cooling channels (2) are formed by supporting ribs (5) with a slipped-on outer tube (3).
5. Gun barrel as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the cooling channels (2) are formed by an outer tube (3) slipped onto the gun barrel, into whose inner surface grooves have been cut.
6. Gun barrel as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the device for ejecting the combustion products of the gun barrel is bridged by an annular space (15) through which the cooling air is passed.
EP87113284A 1986-11-21 1987-09-11 Cannon of a tank Expired - Lifetime EP0268767B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3639866 1986-11-21
DE19863639866 DE3639866A1 (en) 1986-11-21 1986-11-21 ARMOR TUBE OF A FIGHT TANK

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0268767A1 EP0268767A1 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0268767B1 true EP0268767B1 (en) 1990-05-16

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EP87113284A Expired - Lifetime EP0268767B1 (en) 1986-11-21 1987-09-11 Cannon of a tank

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US (1) US4982648A (en)
EP (1) EP0268767B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3639866A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2015023B3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2015023B3 (en) 1990-08-01
DE3762773D1 (en) 1990-06-21
US4982648A (en) 1991-01-08
DE3639866A1 (en) 1988-06-01
DE3639866C2 (en) 1990-05-31
EP0268767A1 (en) 1988-06-01

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