EP0267656B1 - Device for recording the cylinder capacity of hydraulic motors having radial variable cylinder-piston unit - Google Patents

Device for recording the cylinder capacity of hydraulic motors having radial variable cylinder-piston unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0267656B1
EP0267656B1 EP87202178A EP87202178A EP0267656B1 EP 0267656 B1 EP0267656 B1 EP 0267656B1 EP 87202178 A EP87202178 A EP 87202178A EP 87202178 A EP87202178 A EP 87202178A EP 0267656 B1 EP0267656 B1 EP 0267656B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
capacity
motor
oscillating
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87202178A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0267656A3 (en
EP0267656A2 (en
Inventor
Piergiorgio Zoffoli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riva Calzoni SpA
Original Assignee
Riva Calzoni SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Riva Calzoni SpA filed Critical Riva Calzoni SpA
Priority to AT87202178T priority Critical patent/ATE64436T1/de
Publication of EP0267656A2 publication Critical patent/EP0267656A2/en
Publication of EP0267656A3 publication Critical patent/EP0267656A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0267656B1 publication Critical patent/EP0267656B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B25/00—Regulating, controlling, or safety means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B1/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements
    • F01B1/06—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement
    • F01B1/062—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by number or relative disposition of cylinders or by being built-up from separate cylinder-crankcase elements with cylinders in star or fan arrangement the connection of the pistons with an actuating or actuated element being at the inner ends of the cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B31/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01B31/12—Arrangements of measuring or indicating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for determining the cylinder capacity of hydraulic motors comprising radial variable cylinder-capacity cilinder-piston unity.
  • hydraulic motors of the kind comprising radial pistons and consisting of a shaft having an eccentric portion acted upon by a number of piston unit disposed substantially radially around it and cyclically supplied with oil under pressure through a rotary distributor, which drives them in rotation at a speed depending on the flow rate of the oil supply.
  • Each piston unit substantially comprises a cylinder-piston group comprising a part bearing on or integral with the outer casing of the motor, and a part bearing directly against the eccentric component.
  • the part of the piston unit bearing against the eccentric e.g. a connecting rod, or the entire piston unit if movable as a unit, becomes oriented with its axis along the line joining the centre of the eccentric component to a pivoting centre of the piston unit, which thus follows the motion of the eccentric and completes one oscillation at each revolution of the drive shaft.
  • the usual method of varying the cylinder capacity is to provide one or more hydraulic actuators associated with the eccentric component and supplied and controlled from the exterior.
  • DE-35 13 736 discloses a device for the recording of the position of the eccentric ring, shrinked on the driving shaft of the motor, through a mechanic stylus in direct contact with the ring itself, the transmission of the stylus position being realized through an hydrostatic drive reacting against a spring.
  • Linear Variable Differential Transformers that, nevertheless, if applied to a motor of the described type will be subjected to high mechanical stress, being obliged to act a stroke to each revolution of the driving shaft.
  • Others surveying devices are also known from DE- 32 36 939 that shows a radio frequency reflection device for combustion chamber of explosion engine; from EP 0 183 295 that discloses a surveying device acting through the detection of the opening and closing time of the valves of a pump and trough the reciprocal interaction of a plurality of sensors; and from US- 3 956 973 that discloses a sensor detecting the presence of magnetic notch, alternate to non magnetic spaces, whose count gives a quantity translatable into quantities representative of the piston rod speed and position.
  • the invention provides a device for determining the cylinder capacity and the speed of rotation of variable-capacity hydraulic motors provided with radial cylinder piston units comprising at least one oscillating body coupled and put in oscillating movement by an eccentric component of the driving shaft, whose eccentricity is varied in relation to the required capacity, thus causing a corresponding variation of the oscillation angle of the oscillating body, said determination being dynamically executed through at least one analogical proximity sensor that surveys the instantaneous position of a prefixed point of the oscillating body so as to generate a corresponding impulsive electric signal of varying amplitude, whose maximum amplitude from an initial zero is correlated to the capacity utilized during the single rotation, and through trasformation and elaboration means able to transform said maximum amplitude value into a continuous signal and to elaborate said continuous signal into a quantity representative of the effective capacity of the motor at each rotation of the driving shaft.
  • the device can also survey the frequency of said maximum amplitude values determining the rotation speed of the motor.
  • Said sensor being disposed on the outer casing of the motor into the oscillating plane of the axis of the oscillating body, with its end near to the maximum possible amplitude of reading of the oscillation of the oscillating body.
  • one or more proximity sensors are disposed on the outer casing of the motor in the plane at right angles to the plane of oscillation of the oscillating means associated with the piston units the ends of the sensors being near the trajectory of the oscillating means.
  • sensor or sensors are disposed so that their axis does not intersect the axis of the associated oscillating means when the latter is in the central position but at a short distance therefrom.
  • the proximity sensor is an inductive sensor adapted to supply an electrical signal at a voltage or current which varies in relation to the distance of the sensor from the oscillating means.
  • the sensor is inserted into a holder rigidly connected to the outer casing of the motor and the minimum distance of the sensor from the oscillating means is adjustable by screw means.
  • the screw means comprise a thread on the outer surface of the sensor coupled to a corresponding thread on the holder, means being present for locking the screwing rotation of the sensor on the holder and means being present for hydraulic sealing from the exterior.
  • the hydraulic sealing means comprise a piston connected in sealing-tight manner by synthetic resin to the threaded surface of the sensor and movable in sealing-tight manner, using gaskets, in an orifice in the holder coaxial with the screw-threading of the sensor.
  • a number of sensors are disposed on the outer casing of the motor and each associated with a different oscillating means and adapted to record the maximum amplitude of oscillation at various times during each revolution of the motor.
  • the oscillating means comprise the entire cilinder piston unit, which is mounted so as to be freely guidable between the outer casing and the eccentric component; alternatively the oscillating component can be a portion of the piston unit, e.g. a link rod, bearing on the eccentric component of the drive shaft and pivoted to the remaining part of the unit itself.
  • the sensor or sensors are connected to an external electrical or electronic unit adapted to indicate the actual cylinder capacity of the motor corresponding to the amplitude of variations in the electric signal produced by the sensors.
  • the external electric or electronic unit records the frequency of variation of the signal produced by the sensors and indicates the speed of rotation of the motor corresponding to the frequency, in addition to indicating its cylinder capacity.
  • discontinuities detectable by the sensor and adapted to increase the intensity and/or accuracy of the supplied signal are formed on the outer surface of the oscillating means facing a sensor.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram in section along the axis of the drive shaft of a motor comprising radial piston unit having variable cylinder capacity
  • Fig. 2 is a view in cross-section of the drive shaft of a motor comprising radial unit and having a device for recording the cylinder capacity according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows the motor in Fig. 2 with a piston in the maximum oscillation position
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail of the structure and the mounting of the sensor element
  • Fig. 5 diagrammatically shows the variation in time of the signal supplied by the sensor element in response to variations in cylinder capacity
  • Fig. 6 shows a motor according to the invention having a number of sensors
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram in section along the axis of the drive shaft of a motor comprising radial piston unit having variable cylinder capacity
  • Fig. 3 shows the motor in Fig. 2 with a piston in the maximum oscillation position
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail of the structure and the mounting of the sensor element
  • Fig. 7 shows a motor according to the invention having a sensor parallel to the drive shaft;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial view in cross-section of the drive shaft of the motor in Fig. 7 along plane VIII-VIII therein, and
  • Fig. 9 diagrammatically shows the variation in time of the signal supplied by an axially oriented, centrally positioned sensor element, in response to variations in the cylinder capacity.
  • a hydraulic radial-piston motor has an external frame 1 in which a drive shaft 2 is rotatably mounted and comprises an eccentric member 3 abutting one end of a number of telescopic pistons 4, the other ends of the propulsors abutting spherical caps 5 so that the pistons are freely oriented relative to the angular position taken up by the eccentric member during rotation of the drive shaft.
  • the drive shaft 2 is made up of two half-shafts 2a, 2b rotatable in bearings 6 and having end drums 7 into which lateral sliding blocks 8 are inserted and project from member 3 and have pistons 9 inside them.
  • any one of the chambers defined by pistons 9 inside slide blocks 8 can be supplied through an externally actuated valve 10, ducts 11 and the associated supply channels, thus moving the eccentric member 3 in the radial direction, i.e. varying the eccentricity of the member relative to shaft 2.
  • a sensor means 12 is disposed alongside one of the pistons 4 on casing 1 and comprises an inductive proximity transducer 13 inserted in a holder 14 and adapted to record the approach of a propulsor and supply a signal whose intensity depends on the distance between the propulsor surface and the end of the transducer.
  • holder 14 is screw-connected to the motor casing 1 transducer 13 is screwed inside it.
  • the transducer has a sensitive end 15 facing the propulsor and also has a threaded portion 16 by means of which the transducer can be screwed to a varying amount into holder 14 in order to be placed at the optimum distance from the piston.
  • the distance "d" between the transducer end 15 and the wall of the propulsor under conditions of maximum inclination is made as small as possible, e.g. about 1 mm.
  • the sensor is made sealing-tight to the pressure of hydraulic fluid in the motor casing by an 0-ring 17 for holder 14 and and a collar 18, which moves in an orifice 19 in the holder and seals it by an 0-ring 20.
  • Collar 18 is connected to the threaded portion 16 via a layer of synthetic resin 21 adapted to secure the collar to the transducer and to seal the thread by keeping the collar connected to the transducer in every position in the holder.
  • the transducer is locked in the chosen position by a lock-nut 22 clamped against a ring 23 bearing the holder.
  • Transducer 13 accordingly has a cable 24 connected to an electronic device 25 for recording the characteristics of the produced signal and indicating the eccentricity corresponding thereto.
  • the electronic device can be of known kind and is therefore not described in detail.
  • a piston makes one oscillation around the centre of curvature C of the spherical surface of the associated cap 5, moving from a position near transducer 13 and shown by a continuous line in Fig. 2, to a position remote therefrom and shown by a chain-dotted line in the drawing and denoted by reference 4'.
  • the size of the oscillation i.e. the distance of the piston axis from the line joining the centre C to the axis of rotation of shaft 2, depends on the eccentricity "e" between the eccentric member 3 and the drive shaft 2, and is zero when the eccentricity is zero, i.e. in the case when the eccentric member 3 is coaxial with shaft 2, so that the piston axis extends through the axis of shaft 2 in each phase of rotation of the shaft.
  • the amount of eccentricity of member 3 determines the maximum travel of the pistons and consequently the cylinder capacity of the motor, which is thus determined by the signal generated by the sensor.
  • transducer 13 supplies an electric signal at a voltage pulsating between a maximum voltage V max constant in time and a minimum voltage V, the lowest value of which is equal to the value V min corresponding to maximum eccentricity "e", whereas when the eccentricity decreases the voltage increases to near the value V max for lower eccentricity.
  • the drawings shows a variation in cylinder capacity which during the time T produces a change from a value near the maximum cylinder capacity, giving a signal of value V1 equal to V min to a lower cylinder capacity giving a signal of value V2.
  • the difference between the minimum signal voltage and the maximum voltage V max during one oscillation becomes undetectable at eccentricity values corresponding to about one third of the maximum cylinder capacity.
  • the signal supplied by the transducer remains constant and equal to V max as long as the piston during its oscillations remains beyond a certain distance from the transducer, whereas the voltage decreases abruptly when the piston approaches within this distance, when the voltage decreases in proportion to the nearness of the propulsor to the transducer, thus showing the maximum approach of the transducer to the propulsor during oscillation thereof, i.e. the maximum amplitude of oscillation.
  • the information supplied by transducer 13 is a measure of the cylinder capacity at each revolution of the motor. If this information is insufficient, e.g. for motors rotating particularly slowly and where the variation of the cylinder capacity with time has to be accurately checked, two or more sensors 12 can be disposed on adjacent pistons as illustrated in Fig. 5, each supplying a signal which is out of phase relative to the other sensor or sensors.
  • the signal supplied by the sensor or sensors disposed on the motor is a periodic signal, the amplitude of which depends on the cylinder capacity of the motor.
  • the frequency "f" of the signal depends on how often per unit time the propulsor is at the minimum distance from the sensor, an event which occurs once per revolution of the motor and is therefore a measure of the rotation speed thereof.
  • the electronic device associated with the sensor or sensors can thus measure not only the variation in the voltage supplied by the sensor, thus indicating the actual cylinder capacity at each moment, but also the frequency of oscillation of the signal, thus indicating the speed of rotation of the motor.
  • a sensor 12' can be disposed in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8, i.e. with its axis "a" parallel to the motor axis "n” and out of axial alignment relative to the central position of the piston.
  • the senor is influenced when approached by a generatrix of the outer surface of the piston, which is substantially cylindrical, and owing to its small distance from the central position the sensor can record very small oscillations, i.e. the minimum values for the eccentricity and cylinder capacity of the motor.
  • the sensor can also be disposed in the central position, i.e. in the plane containing the axis of the motor and the axis of the propulsor.
  • the signal will have a voltage V min when the propulsor is in the central position and a maximum voltage of V1 when the sensor is at the maximum distance from the piston.
  • This embodiment is particularly convenient when the piston or the oscillating part thereof cannot rotate around its axis during oscillation.
  • the outer surface of the piston facing the sensor can be formed with a raised portion or the like which, when moving towards, or away from the sensor, produces appreciable variations in the signal emitted by the sensor and thus increases the sensitivity of the device.
  • the aforementioned raised portion may also be advantageous in other embodiments of the sensor.
  • the sensor reading for small oscillations can be combined with the reading supplied by a sensor disposed as previously described with its axis in the plane of oscillation of the sensor, in order to measure larger oscillations and thus provide signals which, when combined by an external device, can be used to obtain the actual cylinder capacity throughout its range of variation.
  • the periodic variation of the signal occurs at twice the frequency of the signal supplied by a sensor disposed in the plane of oscillation, since the piston or oscillating component thereof travels near the central position twice during each oscillation.
  • the signal In order therefore to indicate the speed of rotation of the motor, the signal must be processed differently from the signal from the sensors in the plane of oscillation.
  • the sensor according to the invention has been described in detail by way of example in connection with a specific kind of hydraulic motor comprising telescopic cylinder-piston unit which can be disposed between an eccentric member and a spherical cap.
  • the invention is applicable to every kind of hydraulic motor in which a cylinder piston unit element is associated with a rotary eccentric element and therefore either it or at least a part thereof, e.g. a connecting rod, is subjected to lateral oscillations depending in amplitude on the eccentricity of the eccentric element.
  • At least one proximity sensor is disposed in a position so as to measure the amount of oscillation of the cylinder piston unit which is in contact with the eccentric and is therefore oscillating with an amplitude which varies in proportion to the eccentricity and thus provides the information for recording the cylinder capacity corresponding to the eccentricity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Measuring Arrangements Characterized By The Use Of Fluids (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Lifting Devices For Agricultural Implements (AREA)
EP87202178A 1986-11-14 1987-11-07 Device for recording the cylinder capacity of hydraulic motors having radial variable cylinder-piston unit Expired - Lifetime EP0267656B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87202178T ATE64436T1 (de) 1986-11-14 1987-11-07 Vorrichtung zur registrierung der zylinderkapazitaet einer hydraulischen maschine, versehen mit variabler zylinderkapazitaet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT22339/86A IT1197993B (it) 1986-11-14 1986-11-14 Dispositivo rilevatore della cilindrata in motori idraulici a propulsori radiali a cilindrata variabile
IT2233986 1986-11-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0267656A2 EP0267656A2 (en) 1988-05-18
EP0267656A3 EP0267656A3 (en) 1989-04-19
EP0267656B1 true EP0267656B1 (en) 1991-06-12

Family

ID=11194903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87202178A Expired - Lifetime EP0267656B1 (en) 1986-11-14 1987-11-07 Device for recording the cylinder capacity of hydraulic motors having radial variable cylinder-piston unit

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0267656B1 (it)
AT (1) ATE64436T1 (it)
DE (1) DE3770764D1 (it)
ES (1) ES2022311B3 (it)
IT (1) IT1197993B (it)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20041598A1 (it) * 2004-08-03 2004-11-03 Parker Calzoni S R L Procedimento e apparecchiatura per la determinazione di almeno un parametro istantaneo di funzionamento in motori a cilindrata variabile
US20110283878A1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2011-11-24 Nordson Corporation Rotary Pump
WO2007122643A1 (en) * 2006-04-20 2007-11-01 S.A.I. Societa' Apparecchiature Idrauliche S.P.A. Hydraulic motor having radial cylinders and continuous variable displacement
ITMO20120150A1 (it) * 2012-06-07 2013-12-08 I Societa Apparecchiature Idra Uliche Spa Sa Macchina idraulica a cilindri radiali con distributore singolo ogni cilindro
CN106523263B (zh) * 2016-12-27 2018-05-29 宁波欧易液压有限公司 一种摆缸式液压马达

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3956973A (en) * 1972-07-11 1976-05-18 Basic Aluminum Castings Company Die casting machine with piston positioning control
DE3236939C2 (de) * 1982-10-06 1985-07-25 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Anordnung zur Bestimmung des oberen Totpunktes von Verbrennungsmotorkolben
US4548124A (en) * 1984-02-23 1985-10-22 Riva Calzoni S.P.A. Radial piston hydraulic motor with variable eccentricity
FR2573136B1 (fr) * 1984-11-15 1989-03-31 Schlumberger Cie Dowell Procede d'observation des caracteristiques de pompage sur une pompe a deplacement positif et pompe permettant de mettre en oeuvre ce procede.
DE3513736A1 (de) * 1985-04-17 1986-10-30 G. Düsterloh GmbH, 4322 Sprockhövel Hydrostatische radialkolbenmaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8622339A0 (it) 1986-11-14
ES2022311B3 (es) 1991-12-01
EP0267656A3 (en) 1989-04-19
DE3770764D1 (de) 1991-07-18
IT1197993B (it) 1988-12-21
EP0267656A2 (en) 1988-05-18
ATE64436T1 (de) 1991-06-15

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