EP0263566B1 - Field of artificial grass and fibre material intended for such a field of artificial grass - Google Patents
Field of artificial grass and fibre material intended for such a field of artificial grass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0263566B1 EP0263566B1 EP87201911A EP87201911A EP0263566B1 EP 0263566 B1 EP0263566 B1 EP 0263566B1 EP 87201911 A EP87201911 A EP 87201911A EP 87201911 A EP87201911 A EP 87201911A EP 0263566 B1 EP0263566 B1 EP 0263566B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- artificial grass
- fibres
- sand
- field
- grass field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a field of artificial grass consisting of a substructure construction and provided thereon a carpet of synthetic fibres with a sand layer distributed between said fibres.
- the invention also relates to the fibrous material which is intended for being processed into a mat for the field of the intended artificial grass.
- German patent application 3 204 215 relates to a field of artificial grass whereby sand is strewn in in several layers, whereby the grain size of the sand decreases from the lower lever to the upper level.
- the first developed fields of artificial grass were intended for tennis and golf whilst the later fields of artificial grass could be used for playing hockey.
- the requirements made in connection with a field of artificial grass strongly depend on the purpose aimed at or which sport is to be practised on such a field.
- the field must be flat, well pervious to water and resistant to moisture, to fluctuations in temperature and to ageing, it must be colour fast and resistant to ultraviolet rays.
- the field of artificial grass should have a damping power which is in relation to the sport to be practised.
- a hockey field e.g. can thus have a smaller damping power than a soccer field, where a smaller damping power means that the field has a harder feeling. With soccer more jumps and slidings are made, whereby a field with little damping may form a load being too heavy for certain muscles.
- the damping power of a field of artificial grass is mainly determined by the substructure construction.
- the present patent application is directed to the artificial grass itself.
- the first fields of artificial grass which were not strewn in with sand contained more fibrous material per square metre and had the disadvantage that they were comparatively costly and that the sportsman could sustain burns when making falling or sliding movements as a result of the local high rise in temperature on those parts of the body making the sliding movement across the artificial grass. Consequently it is necessary for such fields of artificial grass to be sprayed with water regularly.
- This disadvantage has overcome to a large extent with the fields of artificial grass that are strewn in with sand.
- the carpet of synthetic fibres consists of curled or frizzed fibres, whereby the fibres are provided, at least partially and in any case at their upper parts, with a coating film of an elastic material which reduces the coefficient of friction and at the same time extends the power of recovery of the fibre.
- the strewn-in sand will make the mat containing synthetic fibres heavier so that the mat will remain fixed on the substructure construction and the synthetic fibres will remain upright, also when a kicking movement or sliding movement is made or when the sportsman lands after a jump.
- the film of the elastic solid substance ensures that the fibre will keep its elastic properties longer and is not non-slipping.
- the frizzing or curling can be provided in the fibre in various manners, e.g. by knitting - deknitting.
- the frizzing provided is such that the length of the fibre is reduced by 20-40%.
- the sand which grazing effect is avoided as much as possible, which can be achieved by choosing sand with a round shape of grain, is provided to such a height that the frizzed fibre protrudes to a length of 2-8 mm from the layer of sand, whilst the entire length of pile of the frizzed fibre is 20-28 mm.
- the sand is preferably quartz sand which particles are round and comparatively soft, for the most part having a grain size of 0.2-0.6 mm.
- the fibres are provided in a ground foil or tuft bloth pervious to water and on a soccerfield about 25-28 kg of sand per square metre are provided.
- a field of artificial grass has now been obtained on which the sliding during the game of soccer can be made with the same effect as on a field of natural grass.
- a material to be used for reducing the coefficient of friction is silicone oil.
- Providing said silicone oil on the fibre takes place e.g. by spaying the oil, whether or not in a solvent, and then allowing it to dry, possibly while being heated, to 120 ° C so that a solid elastomeric film is formed.
- the mixture comprising silicone oil can also contain additives such as curing agents and equalizing agents.
- polypropylene fibres having a pile lenght of about 35 mm are frizzed to a length of 22 mm, whereby approximately 16,000 piles are provided per square metre.
- the fibres are passed through a tuft cloth, also made of polypropylene, with a joint weight of approximately 1.2 kg/m2.
- the fibres are provided with a thin film of silicone oil for which purpose 50-100 cc of oil, possibly diluted with an aqueous solution, is provided per square metre of artificial grass.
- silicone oil for which purpose 50-100 cc of oil, possibly diluted with an aqueous solution, is provided per square metre of artificial grass.
- the oil After the oil has been provided it becomes elastomeric by hardening the fibres under surrounding-circumstances so that an elastomeric, well-adhering film is formed around the fibres.
- the oil may also be provided at a later stage when the field of artificial grass has already been played on, so that this treatment can also be carried out as maintenance-treatment.
Abstract
An artificial grass field consisting of a substructure construction and a carpet of synthetic fibres provided thereon, with a layer of sand distributed between these fibres, whereby the carpet of synthetic fibres consists of frizzed fibres and the fibres are provided, at least partly and in any case their upper parts, with a coating film of an elastic material which reduces the coefficient of friction and which at the same time extends the power of recovery of the fibre.
Description
- The invention relates to a field of artificial grass consisting of a substructure construction and provided thereon a carpet of synthetic fibres with a sand layer distributed between said fibres. The invention also relates to the fibrous material which is intended for being processed into a mat for the field of the intended artificial grass.
- Such a field of artificial grass has been known for several years and is described in the British patent specification 1 528 264 published in 1978. Further improvements thereon have been disclosed in US patent specification 4 337 283 published in 1982, also in the name of F.T. Haas. That US patent mentions as background of the art that the solution for laying a field of artificial grass with a certain damping power may be found in the specific substructure. The solution that is offered according to that US patent is that in the sand filling between the fibres a granular elastic material such as cork, rubber or a certain polymer has been incorporated.
- The German patent application 3 204 215 relates to a field of artificial grass whereby sand is strewn in in several layers, whereby the grain size of the sand decreases from the lower lever to the upper level.
- The first developed fields of artificial grass were intended for tennis and golf whilst the later fields of artificial grass could be used for playing hockey. The requirements made in connection with a field of artificial grass strongly depend on the purpose aimed at or which sport is to be practised on such a field. The field must be flat, well pervious to water and resistant to moisture, to fluctuations in temperature and to ageing, it must be colour fast and resistant to ultraviolet rays. Furthermore the field of artificial grass should have a damping power which is in relation to the sport to be practised. A hockey field e.g. can thus have a smaller damping power than a soccer field, where a smaller damping power means that the field has a harder feeling. With soccer more jumps and slidings are made, whereby a field with little damping may form a load being too heavy for certain muscles. However the damping power of a field of artificial grass is mainly determined by the substructure construction.
- Proceeding on the proposition that by a certain substructure construction the desired damping power can be achieved for the entire construction of the field of artificial grass for practising the game of soccer thereon, the present patent application is directed to the artificial grass itself. The first fields of artificial grass which were not strewn in with sand contained more fibrous material per square metre and had the disadvantage that they were comparatively costly and that the sportsman could sustain burns when making falling or sliding movements as a result of the local high rise in temperature on those parts of the body making the sliding movement across the artificial grass. Consequently it is necessary for such fields of artificial grass to be sprayed with water regularly. This disadvantage has overcome to a large extent with the fields of artificial grass that are strewn in with sand. In this way cheaper fields of artificial grass were obtained and it was no longer necessary to spray them. Nevertheless the risk of sustaining injuries as a result of burning or grazing remained greater than with a field of natural grass, with risks however were acceptably low with hockey, because in hockey substantially fewer sliding are made than in soccer.
- In spite of the fact that for the soccer field more severe requirements are made for an artificial grass field than with practising the game of hockey it is to be expected that a field of artificial grass strewn in with sand can be used for 2000 hours per year, which will be a factor 8 higher than the use of a field of natural grass. Also it will be possible to reduce the cost of maintenance by a factor 5-10, which can make it very attractive to install fields of artificial grass for practising the game of soccer. It will be necessary then to meet the demand that the movements which a soccer player can make on a field of natural grass are also possible on an artificial grass field without the risk of sustaining injuries increasing.
- This objective has now been reached with a field of artificial grass according to the invention as mentioned in the preamble and it is characterized in that the carpet of synthetic fibres consists of curled or frizzed fibres, whereby the fibres are provided, at least partially and in any case at their upper parts, with a coating film of an elastic material which reduces the coefficient of friction and at the same time extends the power of recovery of the fibre. By providing the curling in the synthetic fibre the upper surface of the mat of synthetic fibres will form a partial covering of the layer of sand as a result of which the carpet of artificial grass will get a more voluminous character. The strewn-in sand will make the mat containing synthetic fibres heavier so that the mat will remain fixed on the substructure construction and the synthetic fibres will remain upright, also when a kicking movement or sliding movement is made or when the sportsman lands after a jump. The film of the elastic solid substance ensures that the fibre will keep its elastic properties longer and is not non-slipping.
- The frizzing or curling can be provided in the fibre in various manners, e.g. by knitting - deknitting. The frizzing provided is such that the length of the fibre is reduced by 20-40%. From the Dutch patent application 6 709 109 there is known a method for frizzing yarn, but said yarn is used for making carpets or clothing. No indication is given, however, for using such frizzed fibres for fields of artificial grass.
- The sand which grazing effect is avoided as much as possible, which can be achieved by choosing sand with a round shape of grain, is provided to such a height that the frizzed fibre protrudes to a length of 2-8 mm from the layer of sand, whilst the entire length of pile of the frizzed fibre is 20-28 mm. The sand is preferably quartz sand which particles are round and comparatively soft, for the most part having a grain size of 0.2-0.6 mm. The fibres are provided in a ground foil or tuft bloth pervious to water and on a soccerfield about 25-28 kg of sand per square metre are provided.
- By the combination of frizzing in the fibre and the provision of a coating of an elastomeric material around the fibre a field of artificial grass has now been obtained on which the sliding during the game of soccer can be made with the same effect as on a field of natural grass. An example of a material to be used for reducing the coefficient of friction is silicone oil. Providing said silicone oil on the fibre takes place e.g. by spaying the oil, whether or not in a solvent, and then allowing it to dry, possibly while being heated, to 120°C so that a solid elastomeric film is formed. To stimulate the formation of a solid material from silicone oil the mixture comprising silicone oil can also contain additives such as curing agents and equalizing agents. This reduces the coefficient of friction so that sliding across the surface is facilitated. On the other hand the static coefficient of friction remains sufficiently high because of the strewn-in sand, as a result of which the player maintains sufficient grip on the field. Because of said combination the risk of injury by burning or grazing is minimized.
- The use of a silicone oil as a lubricant in liquid condition, by providing said lubricant with water on a dry ski run, is known from the French patent application 2 238 805, but in that manner an artificial ski run is obtained. Also from the German patent. application 2 553 529 the use of a silicone oil as a lubricant is known for preparing an ice-rink. With the present method, however, a solid film of an elastomeric material is formed around the synthetic fibre which on the one hand reduces the coefficient of friction but on the other hand also makes the fibres maintaining the elastic power for a longer time. Instead of a silicone oil which is polymerized on the fibre it is possible to use other elastomeric materials such as an acrylic elastomer.
- For practising the game of soccer on a field of artificial grass a construction has now been obtained whereby the synthetic fibres protruding from the layer of sand show a "voluminous" surface as a result of the use of comparatively long fibres which length has been reduced to 20-28 mm by frizzing. Because of the coating provided thereon the dynamic coefficient of friction is lowered and the ageing process, which manifests itself in the extra formation of fibres at the outer end of the fibres, is prevented as much as possible and the field of artificial grass preserves its elasticity better than with fields of artificial grass composed of fibres without the filmlike coating.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention polypropylene fibres having a pile lenght of about 35 mm are frizzed to a length of 22 mm, whereby approximately 16,000 piles are provided per square metre. The fibres are passed through a tuft cloth, also made of polypropylene, with a joint weight of approximately 1.2 kg/m2. The fibres are provided with a thin film of silicone oil for which purpose 50-100 cc of oil, possibly diluted with an aqueous solution, is provided per square metre of artificial grass. Of course it will also be possible to provide the polypropylene fibres with the coating film before the fibres are passed through the tuft cloth. After the oil has been provided it becomes elastomeric by hardening the fibres under surrounding-circumstances so that an elastomeric, well-adhering film is formed around the fibres. The oil may also be provided at a later stage when the field of artificial grass has already been played on, so that this treatment can also be carried out as maintenance-treatment.
- On a thus obtained artificial grass field a sliding can be made in a natural manner and the risk of burning and grazing is reduced to a minimum. Such a field of artificial grass meets the requirements made for a soccer field, whereby the present field of artificial grass can be used more often and at lower costs of maintenance than a natural soccer field.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial grass field consisting of a substructure construction and a carpet of synthetic fibres provided thereon, with a layer of sand distributed between these fibres, characterized in that the carpet of synthetic fibres consists of frizzed fibres and the fibres are provided, at least partly and in any case their upper parts, with a coating film of an elastic material which reduces the coefficient of friction and which at the same time extends the power of recovery of the fibre.
2. The artificial grass field according to claim 1, characterized in that the frizzing is such that as a result of the frizzing the length of a fibre is reduced by 20-40% relative to its extended condition.
3. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-2, characterized in that the frizzing is carried out by a knitting - deknitting operation.
4. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the length of pile of the fibre in frizzed condition amounts to 20-28 mm.
5. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the layer of sand is strewn in to such a height that the fibres protrude from the layer of sand to a lenght of 2-8 mm.
6. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the strewn-in sand is quartz sand which particles for the most have a grain size of 0.2-0.6 mm.
7. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-6, characterized in that at least that part of the fibres which protrudes from the layer of sand is provided with a coating film.
8. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-7, characterized in that the film material is a silicone oil which hardens after having being applied.
9. The artificial grass field according to claims 1-7, characterized in that the film material is an acrylic elastomer.
10. A fibrous material intended for being used for an artificial grass field, characterized in that the fibres are provided with a coating and are frizzed or curled as disclosed in claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87201911T ATE51655T1 (en) | 1986-10-07 | 1987-10-06 | ARTIFICIAL TURF AND FIBER MATERIAL INTENDED FOR AN ARTIFICIAL TURF. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8602514A NL8602514A (en) | 1986-10-07 | 1986-10-07 | ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD AND FIBER MATERIAL APPARENTLY INTENDED FOR SUCH ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD. |
| NL8602514 | 1986-10-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0263566A1 EP0263566A1 (en) | 1988-04-13 |
| EP0263566B1 true EP0263566B1 (en) | 1990-04-04 |
Family
ID=19848639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87201911A Expired - Lifetime EP0263566B1 (en) | 1986-10-07 | 1987-10-06 | Field of artificial grass and fibre material intended for such a field of artificial grass |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0263566B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE51655T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3762133D1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8602514A (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8530844D0 (en) * | 1985-12-14 | 1986-01-22 | Mansfield Standard Sand Co Ltd | All weather surfaces |
| NL8901484A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-01-02 | Heidemij Uitvoering | SPORTS FIELD WITH NATURAL GRASS AND ARTIFICIAL GRASS, AND A METHOD OF APPLICATION THEREOF. |
| NL9002244A (en) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-18 | Desseaux H Tapijtfab | ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD. |
| US6295756B1 (en) | 1992-06-22 | 2001-10-02 | Turf Stabilization Technologies Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
| US5850708C1 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 2001-09-25 | Turf Stabilization Technologie | Surface for sports and other uses |
| EP0896092B1 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 2002-05-15 | Turf Stabilization Technologies, Inc. | Improved surface for sports and other uses |
| US5489317A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1996-02-06 | Turf Systems International, Inc. | Surface for sports and other uses |
| EP0612885A1 (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-31 | Sommer Levasseur S.A. | Element for a synthetic tennis court and its manufacturing process |
| FR2719619B1 (en) * | 1994-05-06 | 1998-12-24 | Levasseur Sommer | Synthetic grass and process for its production. |
| US5622002A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1997-04-22 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for reducing abrasion of turfgrass on activity fields |
| US6029397A (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2000-02-29 | Technology Licensing Corp. | Stabilized natural turf for athletic field |
| US6035577A (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-03-14 | Technology Licensing Corp | Temporarily stabilized natural turf |
| NL1016193C2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-18 | Desseaux H Tapijtfab | Method for installing an artificial grass field and such an artificial grass field. |
| EP2714973B1 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2016-01-13 | Oerlikon Textile GmbH & Co. KG | Method and device for producing synthetic grass fibers |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL6709109A (en) * | 1967-06-30 | 1968-07-25 | ||
| ZA744530B (en) * | 1973-07-23 | 1975-08-27 | Snow Prod Inc | Artificial surface for sliding devices |
| DE2553529A1 (en) * | 1975-11-28 | 1977-06-02 | Techpro Chemisch Tech Produkte | Surfaces for sports tracks, esp. for skating or sledging - cast from solns. of crystalline silicates |
| US4337283A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-06-29 | Haas Jr Frederick T | Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing |
| DE3204215A1 (en) * | 1982-02-08 | 1983-08-18 | GFL-Sportstättenbau GmbH, 5928 Laasphe | Process for fabricating a structural element for the production of a floor covering, in particular for sports facilities |
-
1986
- 1986-10-07 NL NL8602514A patent/NL8602514A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1987
- 1987-10-06 DE DE8787201911T patent/DE3762133D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-06 AT AT87201911T patent/ATE51655T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-10-06 EP EP87201911A patent/EP0263566B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3762133D1 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
| ATE51655T1 (en) | 1990-04-15 |
| NL8602514A (en) | 1988-05-02 |
| EP0263566A1 (en) | 1988-04-13 |
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