EP0263443B1 - Method and device for producing a water-in-oil emulsion - Google Patents

Method and device for producing a water-in-oil emulsion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0263443B1
EP0263443B1 EP19870114400 EP87114400A EP0263443B1 EP 0263443 B1 EP0263443 B1 EP 0263443B1 EP 19870114400 EP19870114400 EP 19870114400 EP 87114400 A EP87114400 A EP 87114400A EP 0263443 B1 EP0263443 B1 EP 0263443B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing chamber
water
oil
emulsion
storage room
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EP19870114400
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0263443A3 (en
EP0263443A2 (en
Inventor
Gerold Dr. Kunz
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Zugol AG
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Zugol AG
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Priority claimed from CH2664/87A external-priority patent/CH673235A5/en
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Priority to AT87114400T priority Critical patent/ATE76328T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/414—Emulsifying characterised by the internal structure of the emulsion
    • B01F23/4145—Emulsions of oils, e.g. fuel, and water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/102—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components wherein the vortex is created by two or more jets introduced tangentially in separate mixing chambers or consecutively in the same mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/919—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings
    • B01F2025/9191—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings characterised by the disposition of the feed and discharge openings characterised by the arrangement of the feed openings for one or more flows, e.g. for the mainflow and the flow of an additional component
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/505—Mixing fuel and water or other fluids to obtain liquid fuel emulsions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for the purely mechanical production of a water-in-oil emulsion, in which water and oil are metered together to achieve a predetermined water / oil quantity ratio and then the mixture is conveyed into a mixing chamber, there the emulsion is formed by mixing the two components, the emulsion is fed to a storage space and part of this emulsion from the storage space is fed to a consumer and unused part of the emulsion is returned to the mixing chamber.
  • emulsifiers i.e. chemical additives which are used to produce at least briefly stable emulsions, i.e. homogeneous mixing of two immiscible substances, e.g. a water-oil liquid can be used.
  • emulsifiers i.e. chemical additives
  • the object of the present invention was to create a method or a device which, particularly for use in motor vehicles, reliably and simply processes a water-in-oil emulsion as fuel for diesel engines.
  • the addition of water to fuels leads to lower fuel consumption, reduced pollutants or an increase in the performance of internal combustion engines.
  • the water is introduced into the cylinder chamber via a separate injection system, where it mixes with the injected fuel shortly before combustion.
  • At least partially mechanical methods and devices for producing a water-in-oil emulsion are known from US-A-3 606 868 and GB-A-2 062 091.
  • water or oil is fed from separate storage containers into a mixing chamber, where the emulsion is formed by mixing the two components, and at least part of this emulsion is fed from the mixing chamber to a consumer and, if necessary, unused part of the emulsion is returned to the mixing chamber.
  • Chemical emulsifiers are not suitable for use in internal combustion engines because of the generation of additional pollutants.
  • Conventional mechanical devices for obtaining water-in-oil emulsions have the disadvantage, however, that with the small flow rates required, for example for light vehicle diesel engines, a constant mixing ratio is not achieved, but this must be required for sensible operation.
  • inventive method of the type defined at the outset is characterized by the features according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the object is achieved in a device with a mixing chamber connected to separate storage containers for water or oil and with this connected storage space with an outlet line leading to a consumer, with a metering device for achieving a predetermined water / oil quantity ratio, and with a Connection line between the metering device and the mixing chamber, through which the metered amounts of water and oil are fed into the mixing chamber, according to the invention solved by the features according to the characterizing part of claim 2.
  • the metering device with membrane walls and electromagnetic lifting drive has proven to be particularly advantageous for use in vehicle engines. It is suitable to achieve a constant water-oil ratio in the constantly changing operating conditions. At the same time, the device has a particularly advantageous emergency running property in that, even when the power supply to the linear actuator is interrupted, diesel oil is available for engine operation by appropriate dimensioning of the check valves and the magnet in the lines.
  • the conveying means for generating a constant closed circuit in the device may only accelerate the liquid or its components gently, as is achieved, for example, by curved delivery blades of an electrically operated low-pressure centrifugal pump .
  • the mixing chamber is hemispherical with two concentric chambers, the inner chamber opening into a funnel-shaped part where the emulsion is accelerated and also the swirl that it has received through the tangential feed into the outer chamber is increased and the Mixing promotes.
  • the channel narrowing in the shape of a funnel preferably opens into an approximately cylindrical expansion chamber, thereby increasing the mixing.
  • This expansion chamber finally opens into a storage room, again narrowing at the end.
  • the emulsion In the storage room, the emulsion is kept in constant motion by means of a tangential inlet, so that it does not separate and remains stable.
  • the storage room has a connecting channel to the suction side of the impeller pump, so that a closed circuit is constantly maintained in the device, as long as the funding is in operation.
  • the storage room also has a removal line for supplying the emulsion to the consumer, for example to the injection pump of a diesel engine.
  • This connection is preferably located approximately in the same cross-sectional plane in the storage space as the inlet from the mixing chamber.
  • a hemispherical part of the storage room with a ventilation opening in the zenith has proven to be ideal.
  • the device is used to operate a vehicle diesel engine, small amounts of fuel, in this case emulsion, leakage occur at the injection nozzles, which have to be returned.
  • an additional connection is provided in the suction area of the impeller pump.
  • a water-to-oil ratio of about 1:10 has proven to be particularly advantageous for use in vehicle engines. Pollutants such as soot, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are significantly reduced compared to operating with diesel oil alone.
  • the use of the device according to the invention for producing a water-in-oil emulsion provides, for example, to internal combustion engines or oil burners an emulsion which is essentially stable even under constantly changing operating conditions and which is constant in the ratio of water-oil and which contributes very greatly to reducing pollutant emissions.
  • Fig. 1 the structure of a device according to the invention is shown, the arrows respectively the direction of flow of the emulsion or. of water and oil.
  • the water line 10 and the oil line 11 lead into the metering device 1, after which the precisely metered amounts of these liquids are brought together in the collecting line 12 via the outlet lines 10 'and 11' and reach the suction side of an impeller pump, here a centrifugal pump 2.
  • the mixture accelerated by the pump 2 reaches the mixing chamber 3 via the feed line 28.
  • the mixing chamber 3 is divided into an outer chamber 3 ', into which the feed line 28 opens tangentially, and an inner chamber 3 ′′.
  • the partition between the two chambers 3 ', 3 " has circular recesses 6 which are chamfered approximately parallel to the direction of flow.
  • This arrangement makes mixing particularly advantageous of the water-oil mixture is reached and a water-in-oil emulsion is created.
  • the swirling and mixing of the water and oil particles is intensified by the fact that the leading part 3 "'of the mixing chamber 3 is tapered conically.
  • the vessel part 3"' widening suddenly, opens into an expansion chamber 4 before the emulsion finally arrives in the storage room 5.
  • the tangential feed into the storage space 5 ensures that the emulsion in the storage space 5 remains in constant motion (vortex).
  • the storage space 5 has a ventilation opening 7 at its highest point.
  • the removal opening or line 8 which leads to the injection pump when used in diesel engines, for example, is preferably located at the same height as the storage space 5 like its tangential feed line to the expansion chamber 4. So that an ideal emulsion is always available in the storage space 5, a circuit of the emulsion is constantly maintained in the device itself by the storage space 5 at the lower end leading to the impeller pump 2, a space part 5 "designed as a return channel , having.
  • the structure of the metering device 1 can be seen in more detail in FIG. 2 of the drawing.
  • the metering device 1 has a pump chamber 14 for water and a larger chamber 15 for oil in accordance with the desired water-oil ratio.
  • In the supply lines 10, 11 respectively. of the discharge lines 10 ', 11' are check valves 13 attached.
  • the membrane walls 16, 17 are coupled to one another via a fixed actuating rod 18 and are preferably connected to an electromagnetic drive (not shown) which drives the membranes in an oscillating manner. Due to the dimensioning of the pump chambers 14, 15 or the membrane surfaces 16, 17, water and oil are fed into the line 12 in a certain, constant ratio. The flow rate can be varied either by the frequency of the membrane movement or by different strokes. Since the stroke is not rigid due to an electromagnetic drive, but depends on the back pressure, no special control of the flow rate through the metering device is necessary. With appropriate dimensioning of the solenoid, a small pressure build-up in line 12 is sufficient, e.g. if little or no emulsion is removed from the storage space 5 so that the corresponding check valves 13 remain closed. If a large amount of emulsion is required, a low pressure in the line 12 causes a small back pressure in the chambers 14, 15 and the solenoid reaches a large stroke with a correspondingly large flow rate.
  • Another great advantage is the emergency running property of the metering device, in that if the diaphragm 16, 17 has a defective drive, the water supply line 10 is closed by the check valve 13 of this line (if the valve has a correspondingly dimensioned spring which exerts a greater pressure than the pressure in the water supply).
  • the oil supply via line 11 is preferably carried out by means of a pump, whereby a sufficiently large pressure can be achieved to both valves in line 11, respectively. keep the line 11 'open and thus supply the device with oil. This ensures problem-free operation of, for example, a diesel engine with diesel oil alone.
  • FIG. 3 A connection diagram of the entire device 19 to a vehicle diesel engine 26 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the water tank 21 should be mounted somewhat higher than the connection on the device 19, while the oil tank 20 can be arranged as desired since an intermediate feed pump 22 is provided.
  • the removal line 23 from the storage space 5 in the device 19 leads to the injection pump 24. From there, the emulsion reaches the combustion chamber of the diesel engine 26 via the injection nozzles 25.
  • the leakage lines 27, 27 ' are coupled to the return connection 9 (FIG. 1) of the device 19 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Gerät zur rein mechanischen Erzeugung einer Wasser-in-Oel-Emulsion, bei welchem zur Erzielung eines vorbestimmten Wasser/Oel-Mengenverhältnisses aus getrennten Vorratsbehältern Wasser und Oel dosiert zusammengeführt und anschliessend das Gemisch in eine Mischkammer gefördert, dort die Emulsion mittels Durchmischung der beiden Komponenten gebildet, die Emulsion einem Vorratsraum und ein Teil dieser Emulsion aus dem Vorratsraum einem Verbraucher zugeführt und nicht verbrauchter Teil der Emulsion in die Mischkammer zurückgeführt wird.The present invention relates to a method and a device for the purely mechanical production of a water-in-oil emulsion, in which water and oil are metered together to achieve a predetermined water / oil quantity ratio and then the mixture is conveyed into a mixing chamber, there the emulsion is formed by mixing the two components, the emulsion is fed to a storage space and part of this emulsion from the storage space is fed to a consumer and unused part of the emulsion is returned to the mixing chamber.

Es ist eine Vielzahl von Emulgatoren, d.h. chemische Zusatzstoffe, bekannt, welche zur Erzeugung von wenigstens kurzzeitig stabilen Emulsionen, d.h. homogene Vermischungen zweier an sich nicht mischbarer Stoffe, wie z.B. eine Wasser-Oel-Flüssigkeit, verwendet werden. Ebenfalls gibt es einige wenige mechanische Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Emulsionen, wobei die Emulsionen aber nach unterschiedlich langer Zeit wieder entmischt werden.It is a variety of emulsifiers, i.e. chemical additives are known which are used to produce at least briefly stable emulsions, i.e. homogeneous mixing of two immiscible substances, e.g. a water-oil liquid can be used. There are also a few mechanical processes for producing emulsions, but the emulsions are separated again after a different period of time.

In einer Reihe von Anwendungsfällen, gerade bei Brennkraftmaschinen und Oelbrennern, braucht ein Stoffgemisch, wie z.B. eine Emulsion, nur kurzfristig in einer bestimmten Form vorzuliegen.In a number of applications, especially in internal combustion engines and oil burners, a mixture of substances, such as an emulsion, only available in a certain form for a short time.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung lag in der Schaffung eines Verfahrens bzw. eines Gerätes, welches insbesondere für den Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen eine Wasser-in-Oel-Emulsion als Brennstoff für Dieselmotoren zuverlässig und auf möglichst einfache Weise aufbereitet. Das Beimischen von Wasser in Kraftstoffe führt zu geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch, reduzierten Schadstoffen oder zu einer Leistungssteigerung von Verbrennungsmotoren. Herkömmlicherweise wird dabei über eine separate Einspritzanlage das Wasser in den Zylinderraum eingebracht und vermischt sich dort mit dem eingespritzten Brennstoff kurz vor der Verbrennung.The object of the present invention was to create a method or a device which, particularly for use in motor vehicles, reliably and simply processes a water-in-oil emulsion as fuel for diesel engines. The addition of water to fuels leads to lower fuel consumption, reduced pollutants or an increase in the performance of internal combustion engines. Conventionally, the water is introduced into the cylinder chamber via a separate injection system, where it mixes with the injected fuel shortly before combustion.

Dies bedeutet aber einen enormen Mehraufwand an Zusatzaggregaten am Motor selbst und wird praktisch nur an Grossdieselmotoren oder dort, wo kurzzeitig eine grosse Leistung erforderlich ist, eingesetzt.However, this means an enormous amount of additional work on the engine itself and is practically only used on large diesel engines or where high power is required for a short time.

Wenigstens teilweise mechanisch arbeitende Verfahren und Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung einer Wasser-in-Oel Emulsion sind aus US-A-3 606 868 und GB-A-2 062 091 bekannt. Bei diesen wird aus getrennten Vorratsbehältern Wasser bzw. Oel in eine Mischkammer geführt, dort die Emulsion mittels Durchmischung der beiden Komponenten gebildet und zumindest ein Teil dieser Emulsion aus der Mischkammer einem Verbraucher zugeführt und gegebenenfalls nicht verbrauchter Teil der Emulsion in die Mischkammer zurückgeführt wird.At least partially mechanical methods and devices for producing a water-in-oil emulsion are known from US-A-3 606 868 and GB-A-2 062 091. In these, water or oil is fed from separate storage containers into a mixing chamber, where the emulsion is formed by mixing the two components, and at least part of this emulsion is fed from the mixing chamber to a consumer and, if necessary, unused part of the emulsion is returned to the mixing chamber.

Bei diesen bekannten Einrichtungen kann die Durchmischung und Stabilität der Emulsion nicht optimal gewährleistet werden, es sei denn es würden noch zusätzlich chemische Stabilisatoren einesetzt (vgl. US-A-3 606 868).In these known devices, the mixing and stability of the emulsion cannot be optimally guaranteed unless chemical stabilizers are used (see US Pat. No. 3,606,868).

Für den Einsatz in Verbrennungsmaschinen kommen chemische Emulgatoren wegen der Erzeugung zusätzlicher Schadstoffe nicht in Betracht. Herkömmliche mechanische Geräte zur Erzielung von Wasser-in-Oel-Emulsionen weisen aber den Nachteil auf, dass bei den erforderlichen kleinen Durchflussmengen beispielsweise für leichte Fahrzeugdieselmotoren kein konstantes Mischungsverhältnis erreicht wird, was aber für einen vernünftigen Betrieb gefordert werden muss.Chemical emulsifiers are not suitable for use in internal combustion engines because of the generation of additional pollutants. Conventional mechanical devices for obtaining water-in-oil emulsions have the disadvantage, however, that with the small flow rates required, for example for light vehicle diesel engines, a constant mixing ratio is not achieved, but this must be required for sensible operation.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren der eingangs definierten Art zeichnet sich durch die Merkmale gemäss kennzeichnendem Teil von Anspruch 1 aus.The inventive method of the type defined at the outset is characterized by the features according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird bei einem Gerät mit einer an getrennte Vorratsbehälter für Wasser bzw. Oel angeschlossenen Mischkammer und mit dieser in Verbindung stehendem Vorratsraum mit einer zu einem Verbraucher führenden Auslassleitung, mit einer Dosiervorrichtung zur Erzielung eines vorbestimmten Wasser/Oel-Mengenverhältnisses, und mit einer Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Dosiervorrichtung und der Mischkammer, durch welche die dosierten Wasser- und Oelmengen in die Mischkammer geführt werden, nach der Erfindung gelöst durch die Merkmale gemäss dem kennzeichnenden Teil von Anspruch 2.The object is achieved in a device with a mixing chamber connected to separate storage containers for water or oil and with this connected storage space with an outlet line leading to a consumer, with a metering device for achieving a predetermined water / oil quantity ratio, and with a Connection line between the metering device and the mixing chamber, through which the metered amounts of water and oil are fed into the mixing chamber, according to the invention solved by the features according to the characterizing part of claim 2.

Besonders vorteilhaft für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugmotoren hat sich die Dosiervorrichtung mit Membranwänden und elektromagnetischem Hubantrieb erwiesen. Sie ist geeignet, bei den ständig ändernden Betriebsbedingungen ein konstantes Wasser-Oel-Verhältnis zu erreichen. Gleichzeitig weist das Gerät eine besonders vorteilhafte Notlaufeigenschaft auf, indem selbst bei unterbrochener Stromzufuhr zum Hubantrieb Dieselöl zum Motorbetrieb durch entsprechende Dimensionierung der Rückschlagventile und des Magnetes in den Leitungen zur Verfügung steht.The metering device with membrane walls and electromagnetic lifting drive has proven to be particularly advantageous for use in vehicle engines. It is suitable to achieve a constant water-oil ratio in the constantly changing operating conditions. At the same time, the device has a particularly advantageous emergency running property in that, even when the power supply to the linear actuator is interrupted, diesel oil is available for engine operation by appropriate dimensioning of the check valves and the magnet in the lines.

Als äusserst wichtig zur Erzielung einer stabilen Emulsion im Gerät hat sich erwiesen, dass die Fördermittel zur Erzeugung eines ständigen geschlossenen Kreislaufs im Gerät die Flüssigkeit bzw. deren Komponenten nur sanft beschleunigen darf, wie dies beispielsweise durch gebogene Förderschaufeln einer elektrisch betriebenen Niederdruck-Kreiselpumpe erzielt wird.It has proven to be extremely important to achieve a stable emulsion in the device that the conveying means for generating a constant closed circuit in the device may only accelerate the liquid or its components gently, as is achieved, for example, by curved delivery blades of an electrically operated low-pressure centrifugal pump .

Ebenfalls darf die Durchmischung und Verwirbelung in der Mischkammer nicht abrupt erfolgen. Vorzugsweise ist die Mischkammer halbkugelförmig mit zwei konzentrischen Kammern ausgebildet, wobei die innere Kammer in einen sich trichterförmig verengenden Teil mündet, wo die Emulsion beschleunigt wird und ebenfalls der Drall, den sie durch die tangentiale Zuführung in die äussere Kammer erhalten hat, verstärkt wird und die Durchmischung fördert.Mixing and swirling in the mixing chamber must also not be abrupt. Preferably, the mixing chamber is hemispherical with two concentric chambers, the inner chamber opening into a funnel-shaped part where the emulsion is accelerated and also the swirl that it has received through the tangential feed into the outer chamber is increased and the Mixing promotes.

Der sich trichterförmig verengende Kanal mündet vorzugsweise in eine etwa zylinderförmige Expansionskammer, womit eine Verstärkung der Durchmischung erreicht wird. Diese Expansionskammer mündet schliesslich, sich am Ende wiederum verengend, in einen Vorratsraum.The channel narrowing in the shape of a funnel preferably opens into an approximately cylindrical expansion chamber, thereby increasing the mixing. This expansion chamber finally opens into a storage room, again narrowing at the end.

Im Vorratsraum wird die Emulsion durch tangentialen Einlass ständig in Bewegung gehalten, wodurch sie nicht entmischt wird und stabil bleibt.In the storage room, the emulsion is kept in constant motion by means of a tangential inlet, so that it does not separate and remains stable.

Der Vorratsraum weist einen Verbindungskanal zu der Saugseite der Flügelradpumpe auf, so dass im Gerät ständig ein geschlossener Kreislauf aufrechterhalten bleibt, dies solange wie die Fördermittel in Betrieb stehen.The storage room has a connecting channel to the suction side of the impeller pump, so that a closed circuit is constantly maintained in the device, as long as the funding is in operation.

Der Vorratsraum besitzt ebenfalls eine Entnahmeleitung für die Zuleitung der Emulsion zum Verbraucher, beispielsweise zur Einspritzpumpe eines Dieselmotors. Dieser Anschluss liegt vorzugsweise etwa in derselben Querschnittsebene im Vorratsraum wie der Zulauf aus der Mischkammer. Als ideal hat sich ein halbkugelförmig ausgebildeter Teil des Vorratsraumes mit im Zenit angebrachter Entlüftungsöffnung erwiesen.The storage room also has a removal line for supplying the emulsion to the consumer, for example to the injection pump of a diesel engine. This connection is preferably located approximately in the same cross-sectional plane in the storage space as the inlet from the mixing chamber. A hemispherical part of the storage room with a ventilation opening in the zenith has proven to be ideal.

Wird das Gerät zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeug-Dieselmotors verwendet, so fallen an den Einspritzdüsen kleine Leckagemengen von Treibstoff, hier also von Emulsion an, welche wieder zurückgeführt werden müssen. Dazu ist ein zusätzlicher Anschluss im Saugbereich der Flügelradpumpe vorgesehen.If the device is used to operate a vehicle diesel engine, small amounts of fuel, in this case emulsion, leakage occur at the injection nozzles, which have to be returned. For this purpose, an additional connection is provided in the suction area of the impeller pump.

Für den Einsatz in Fahrzeugmotoren hat sich ein Wasser-zu-Oel Verhältnis von etwa 1:10 als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen. Gerade Schadstoffe wie Russ, Stickoxide und Kohlendioxid werden deutlich reduziert im Vergleich zum Betrieb mit Dieselöl allein.A water-to-oil ratio of about 1:10 has proven to be particularly advantageous for use in vehicle engines. Pollutants such as soot, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide are significantly reduced compared to operating with diesel oil alone.

Die Verwendung des erfindungsgemässen Gerätes zur Erzeugung einer Wasser-in-Oel Emulsion liefert beispielsweise an Verbrennungsmaschinen oder Oelbrenner eine auch unter ständig wechselnden Betriebsbedingungen im wesentlichen stabile, im Verhältnis Wasser-Oel konstante Emulsion, welche sehr stark zur Verminderung von Schadstoffausstoss beiträgt.The use of the device according to the invention for producing a water-in-oil emulsion provides, for example, to internal combustion engines or oil burners an emulsion which is essentially stable even under constantly changing operating conditions and which is constant in the ratio of water-oil and which contributes very greatly to reducing pollutant emissions.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch den Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes Gerät;
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch eine Dosiervorrichtung;
  • Fig. 3 das Anschlussschema des Gerätes zum Betreiben eines Diesel-Einspritzmotors.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the cross section through an inventive device.
  • 2 shows a cross section through a metering device;
  • Fig. 3 shows the connection diagram of the device for operating a diesel injection engine.

In Fig. 1 ist der Aufbau eines erfindungsgemässen Gerätes dargestellt, wobei die Pfeile jeweils die Strömungsrichtung der Emulsion resp. von Wasser und Oel anzeigen. Die Wasserleitung 10 und die Oelleitung 11 führen in die Dosiervorrichtung 1, wonach die exakt dosierten Mengen dieser Flüssigkeiten über die Auslassleitungen 10' bzw. 11' in der Sammelleitung 12 zusammengeführt werden und zur Saugseite einer Flügelradpumpe, hier einer Kreiselpumpe 2, gelangen. Das durch die Pumpe 2 beschleunigte Gemisch gelangt über die Zufuhrleitung 28 in die Mischkammer 3. Die Mischkammer 3 ist in eine äussere Kammer 3', in welche die Zufuhrleitung 28 tangential mündet, sowie eine innere Kammer 3" aufgeteilt. Die Trennwand der beiden Kammern 3', 3" weist kreisförmige Ausnehmungen 6 auf, welche zur Strömungsrichtung etwa parallel angeschrägt werden. Durch diese Anordnung wird eine besonders vorteilhafte Durchmischung des Wasser-Oel-Gemisches erreicht und eine Wasserin-Oel Emulsion erzeugt. Dadurch, dass der wegführende Teil 3"' der Mischkammer 3 sich konisch verjüngend ausgebildet ist, wird die Verwirbelung und Vermischung der Wasser- und Oel-Teilchen intensiviert. Schliesslich mündet der Gefässteil 3"', sich sprunghaft erweiternd, in eine Expansionskammer 4, bevor die Emulsion schliesslich in den Vorratsraum 5 gelangt. Durch die tangentiale Zuführung in den Vorratsraum 5 wird erreicht, dass die Emulsion im Vorratsraum 5 ständig in Bewegung (Wirbel) bleibt. Um die beim ersten Füllvorgang im Gerät befindliche Luft wegzuführen, besitzt der Vorratsraum 5 an seiner höchsten Stelle eine Entlüftungsöffnung 7. Die Entnahmeöffnung bzw. -leitung 8, welche beispielsweise beim Einsatz in Dieselmotoren zur Einspritzpumpe führt, befindet sich vorzugsweise auf derselben Höhe des Vorratsraumes 5 wie dessen tangentiale Zuführleitung des Expansionskammer 4. Damit immer eine ideale Emulsion im Vorratsraum 5 zur Verfügung steht, wird im Gerät selbst ständig ein Kreislauf der Emulsion aufrechterhalten, indem der Vorratsraum 5 am unterem Ende einen als Rücklaufkanal ausgebildeten Raumteil 5", zur Flügelradpumpe 2 führend, aufweist.In Fig. 1 the structure of a device according to the invention is shown, the arrows respectively the direction of flow of the emulsion or. of water and oil. The water line 10 and the oil line 11 lead into the metering device 1, after which the precisely metered amounts of these liquids are brought together in the collecting line 12 via the outlet lines 10 'and 11' and reach the suction side of an impeller pump, here a centrifugal pump 2. The mixture accelerated by the pump 2 reaches the mixing chamber 3 via the feed line 28. The mixing chamber 3 is divided into an outer chamber 3 ', into which the feed line 28 opens tangentially, and an inner chamber 3 ″. The partition between the two chambers 3 ', 3 "has circular recesses 6 which are chamfered approximately parallel to the direction of flow. This arrangement makes mixing particularly advantageous of the water-oil mixture is reached and a water-in-oil emulsion is created. The swirling and mixing of the water and oil particles is intensified by the fact that the leading part 3 "'of the mixing chamber 3 is tapered conically. Finally, the vessel part 3"', widening suddenly, opens into an expansion chamber 4 before the emulsion finally arrives in the storage room 5. The tangential feed into the storage space 5 ensures that the emulsion in the storage space 5 remains in constant motion (vortex). In order to remove the air in the device during the first filling process, the storage space 5 has a ventilation opening 7 at its highest point. The removal opening or line 8, which leads to the injection pump when used in diesel engines, for example, is preferably located at the same height as the storage space 5 like its tangential feed line to the expansion chamber 4. So that an ideal emulsion is always available in the storage space 5, a circuit of the emulsion is constantly maintained in the device itself by the storage space 5 at the lower end leading to the impeller pump 2, a space part 5 "designed as a return channel , having.

Allfällige Ueberschussmengen von nicht verbrauchten Emulsionen können über die Rückführleitung 9 ebenfalls wieder in den Kreislauf zurückgespiesen werden. Dieser muss unbedingt auf der Saugseite der Flügelradpumpe 2 angebracht sein.Any excess amounts of unused emulsions can also be fed back into the circuit via the return line 9. This must be attached to the suction side of the impeller pump 2.

Der Aufbau der Dosiervorrichtung 1 ist aus Fig. 2 der Zeichnung naher ersichtlich. Die Dosiervorrichtung 1 weist eine Pumpenkammer 14 für Wasser sowie eine entsprechend dem gewünschten Wasser-Oel Verhältnis grössere Kammer 15 für Oel auf. In den Zuleitungen 10,11 resp. der Abführleitungen 10', 11' sind Rückschlagventile 13 angebracht.The structure of the metering device 1 can be seen in more detail in FIG. 2 of the drawing. The metering device 1 has a pump chamber 14 for water and a larger chamber 15 for oil in accordance with the desired water-oil ratio. In the supply lines 10, 11 respectively. of the discharge lines 10 ', 11' are check valves 13 attached.

Die Membranwände 16,17 sind über eine feste Betätigungsstange 18 miteinander gekuppelt und werden vorzugsweise mit einem elektromagnetischen Antrieb (nicht dargestellt) verbunden, welcher die Membranen oszillierend antreibt. Durch die Dimensionierung der Pumpenkammern 14,15 bzw. der Membranflächen 16,17 wird dabei jeweils Wasser und Oel in einem bestimmten, konstanten Verhältnis in die Leitung 12 geführt. Die Durchflussmenge kann dabei entweder durch die Frequenz der Membranbewegung oder durch unterschiedlichen Hub variiert werden. Da durch einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb der Hub nicht starr ist, sondern vom Gegendruck abhängt, ist keine besondere Steuerung der Durchflussmenge durch die Dosiervorrichtung notwendig. Bei entsprechender Dimensionierung des Hubmagneten genügt schon ein geringer Druckaufbau in der Leitung 12, wenn z.B. aus dem Vorratsraum 5 kein oder nur wenig Emulsion entnommen wird, damit die entsprechenden Rückschlagventile 13 geschlossen bleiben. Wird eine grosse Menge an Emulsion benötigt, so bewirkt ein niedriger Druck in der Leitung 12 einen kleinen Gegendruck in den Kammern 14,15 und der Hubmagnet erreicht einen grossen Hub mit entsprechend grosser Durchflussmenge.The membrane walls 16, 17 are coupled to one another via a fixed actuating rod 18 and are preferably connected to an electromagnetic drive (not shown) which drives the membranes in an oscillating manner. Due to the dimensioning of the pump chambers 14, 15 or the membrane surfaces 16, 17, water and oil are fed into the line 12 in a certain, constant ratio. The flow rate can be varied either by the frequency of the membrane movement or by different strokes. Since the stroke is not rigid due to an electromagnetic drive, but depends on the back pressure, no special control of the flow rate through the metering device is necessary. With appropriate dimensioning of the solenoid, a small pressure build-up in line 12 is sufficient, e.g. if little or no emulsion is removed from the storage space 5 so that the corresponding check valves 13 remain closed. If a large amount of emulsion is required, a low pressure in the line 12 causes a small back pressure in the chambers 14, 15 and the solenoid reaches a large stroke with a correspondingly large flow rate.

Ein ebenfalls grosser Vorteil stellt die Notlaufeigenschaft der Dosiervorrichtung dar, indem bei defektem Antrieb der Membranen 16,17 die Wasserzuleitung 10 durch das Rückschlagventil 13 dieser Leitung geschlossen wird (wenn das Ventil eine entsprechend dimensionierte Feder besitzt, die einen grösseren Druck ausübt als der Druck in der Wasserzuleitung). Die Oelzufuhr über die Leitung 11 erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels einer Pumpe, wodurch ein genügend grosser Druck erzielt werden kann, um beide Ventile in der Leitung 11, resp. der Leitung 11' offen zu halten und somit das Gerät mit Oel zu versorgen. Dadurch bleibt ein problemloser Betrieb beispielsweise eines Dieselmotors mit Dieselöl allein gewährleistet.Another great advantage is the emergency running property of the metering device, in that if the diaphragm 16, 17 has a defective drive, the water supply line 10 is closed by the check valve 13 of this line (if the valve has a correspondingly dimensioned spring which exerts a greater pressure than the pressure in the water supply). The oil supply via line 11 is preferably carried out by means of a pump, whereby a sufficiently large pressure can be achieved to both valves in line 11, respectively. keep the line 11 'open and thus supply the device with oil. This ensures problem-free operation of, for example, a diesel engine with diesel oil alone.

Ein Anschlussschema des ganzen Gerätes 19 an einen Fahrzeug-Dieselmotor 26 zeigt Fig. 3. Der Wassertank 21 sollte gegenüber dem Anschluss am Gerät 19 etwas erhöht angebracht sein, während der Oeltank 20 beliebig angeordnet werden kann, da eine dazwischenliegende Förderpumpe 22 vorgesehen ist. Die Entnahmeleitung 23 vom Vorratsraum 5 im Gerät 19 führt zur Einspritzpumpe 24. Von dort gelangt die Emulsion über die Einspritzdüsen 25 in den Brennraum des Dieselmotors 26. Die Leckageleitungen 27,27' werden mit dem Rückführanschluss 9 (Fig. 1) des Gerätes 19 gekoppelt.A connection diagram of the entire device 19 to a vehicle diesel engine 26 is shown in FIG. 3. The water tank 21 should be mounted somewhat higher than the connection on the device 19, while the oil tank 20 can be arranged as desired since an intermediate feed pump 22 is provided. The removal line 23 from the storage space 5 in the device 19 leads to the injection pump 24. From there, the emulsion reaches the combustion chamber of the diesel engine 26 via the injection nozzles 25. The leakage lines 27, 27 'are coupled to the return connection 9 (FIG. 1) of the device 19 .

Claims (12)

  1. A method for purely mechanically producing a water-in-oil emulsion, in which the water and the oil are united in dosed manner front separate supply containers in order to obtain a predetermined mass proportion of water/ oil, the mixture being thereafter delivered into a mixing chamber where the emulsion is formed by intimately mixing the two components and the emulsion being thereafter delivered into a storage room from where part of the emulsion is fed to a user whilst not used part of the emulsion is recycled into the mixing chamber, characterized in that the necessary dosed quantities of water and oil are supplied together and under if possible smooth acceleration tangentially and by forming a vortex movement into a mixing chamber having a funnel-shaped narrowing outlet in order to produce said emulsion and in that the emulsion produced in said mixing chamber is then fed from the mixing chamber into said storage room thereby being subjected to at least one acceleration followed by at least one expansion and is also maintained in said room in a continuous vortex movement, whilst the remaining partial quantity of the emulsion is supplied under if possible smooth acceleration and together with said mixture from the storage room back into said mixing chamber and thus into a closed cycle.
  2. A device for carrying out the method of claim 1, comprising a mixing chamber (3) connected to separate supply containers for water and oil respectively and a storage room (5) connected to said mixing chamber and having an outlet duct (8) leading to a user and further comprising a dosing unit (1) for obtaining a predetermined mass proportion of water/oil and a connecting duct (12,28) between the dosing unit (1) and said mixing chamber (3), through which the dosed quantities of water and oil are supplied into the mixing chamber (3), characterized by a mixing chamber (3) having at least one tangential inlet and an axial, funnel-shaped narrowing outlet and by a low-pressure pump (2) mounted in said connecting duct (12,28), whereby the connection between the outlet of the mixing chamber (3) and said storage room (5) forms an expansion chamber (4) leading with its narrowing outlet tangentially into the storage room (5), and wherein the latter presents a room section (5") leading to the suction side of the low-pressure pump (2) and an outlet (8) leading to the user of the emulsion.
  3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that said mixing chamber (3) and said storage room (5) are of substantially rotation-symmetrical shape.
  4. A device according to any of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the dosing unit (1) is provided with at least two separate chambers (14,15) arranged directly one adjacent to the other and of different size corresponding to the desired water/oil ratio, whereby the two chambers (14,15) are separated by a wall in the form of a membrane (16), the greater one (15) of said chambers being equipped with a second membrane (17) having a greater surface corresponding to the desired water/oil ratio and being coupled to said first membrane (16) by means of a rigid bar and connected to driving means, and in that each chamber (14;15) is provided with both a feeding duct and an evacuation duct (10;11) each equipped with a check valve (13).
  5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that said driving means of the dosing unit (1) comprise an electro-lifting-magnet.
  6. A device according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the electrical low-pressure pump (2) is provided with preferably curved feeding blades.
  7. A device according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the mixing chamber (3) comprises in a first section a volume of hemispherical shape (3',3") with at least one tangential inlet and in a second section a volume (3"') of rotation-symmetrical shape narrowing funnel-shaped in axial direction and finally discharging into the expansion chamber (4).
  8. A device according to claim 7, characterized in that said hemispherical volume is divided into two chambers (3' and 3" resp.), whereby the separation wall of the two chambers is formed as hemispherical shell provided with throughpassages (6) and wherein only the inner chamber (3") leads into said funnel-shaped volume (3"').
  9. A device according to any of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the connecting duct between the mixing chamber (3) and the storage room (5) comprises at least one expansion chamber (4) into which a nozzle is discharging.
  10. A device according to any of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the storage room (5) has an upper room section (5') of hemispherical shape provided with a tangential inlet, said room section presenting in the inlet plane an outlet opening (8) and optionally in the zenith of the hemisphere a venting opening (7), and a funnel-shaped narrowing lower room section (5"), discharging finally into the suction side of the low-pressure pump (2).
  11. A device according to any of claims 2 to 10, characterized by a collecting pipe (12) from the dosing unit (1) uniting the oil duct and water duct (10';11') respectively, a feeding duct (5"') of the storage room and optionally at least one outer return duct (9) lead into the suction area of said low-pressure pump (2).
  12. Use of devices according to any of claims 2 to 11 for producing a water-in-oil emulsion for operating Diesel engines in motor vehicles or stationary plants.
EP19870114400 1986-10-08 1987-10-02 Method and device for producing a water-in-oil emulsion Expired - Lifetime EP0263443B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87114400T ATE76328T1 (en) 1986-10-08 1987-10-02 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATION OF A WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4013/86 1986-10-08
CH401386 1986-10-08
CH2664/87A CH673235A5 (en) 1987-07-13 1987-07-13 Prepn. of water-in-oil emulsion
CH2664/87 1987-07-13

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EP0263443A2 EP0263443A2 (en) 1988-04-13
EP0263443A3 EP0263443A3 (en) 1989-05-10
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EP (1) EP0263443B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1017872B (en)
DE (1) DE3779242D1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3779242D1 (en) 1992-06-25
EP0263443A3 (en) 1989-05-10
CN87106928A (en) 1988-12-21
CN1017872B (en) 1992-08-19
US4938606A (en) 1990-07-03
EP0263443A2 (en) 1988-04-13

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