Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
  • C03B13/01—Rolling profiled glass articles, e.g. with I, L, T cross-sectional profiles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
  • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
  • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
  • B21C23/06—Making sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
  • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
  • B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
  • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
  • B29C48/305—Extrusion nozzles or dies having a wide opening, e.g. for forming sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
  • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
  • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
  • B29C48/908—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
  • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
  • B30B11/221—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor extrusion dies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B17/00—Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
  • C03B17/06—Forming glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations

Definitions

• This invention concerns a method and apparatus for extrusion, in particular a method of converting an extrusion from one cross-sectional form to a different form and also a die apparatus for use in this method.
• extrusion of materials such as plastics or aluminium is a well-known process and this invention finds application within the technical field of extrusion and also in technical, fields concerned with the end use of extrusions formed by the method.
• extrude solid circular or hollow circular items such as pipes or tubes in, e.g. plastics or aluminium.
• extrude extrudable materials in lengths which have short widths There can be practical difficulties in attempting to extrude comparatively wide objects and articles from certain materials.
• cementitious compositions which have attractive flexural strength properties and which can be extruded are disclosed in European Patent Application Nos. 21681, 21682, 38126, 30408 and 55035, all in the name ICI pic. In the method of the present invention it is preferred to use cementitious extrudable compositions as disclosed in the aforementioned Specifications, as exemplified therein and/or as claimed therein.
• a method of forming an extrudable material into a secondary shape of part or predominantly linear cross-section from a primary shape of predominantly non-linear cross-section which comprises passing extrudable material through a contoured die wherein a slit is made in the material to form two initially adjacent ends which are separated on passage through the die as the material is formed about a forming block towards an exit of part or predominantly linear cross-section.
• the invention further provides a die, which may be a two-part die, suitable for use in the method and comprising an inlet of predominantly non-linear cross-section, a forming block extending through the whole or part of the die, an exit of part or predominantly linear cross-section and slitting means capable of forming a slit in extrudable material passed through the inlet.
• a die which may be a two-part die, suitable for use in the method and comprising an inlet of predominantly non-linear cross-section, a forming block extending through the whole or part of the die, an exit of part or predominantly linear cross-section and slitting means capable of forming a slit in extrudable material passed through the inlet.
• the inlet profile is substantially circular and hollow and/or the exit profile substantially linear.
• the forming block may be integral with the slitting means which latter may comprise a wedge having a tapered leading edge.
• the forming block may include one or more elongate slits terminat
• the extrudable material may comprise a hydraulic cement composition comprising a mixture of at least one particulate hydraulic cement (a material which sets and hardens in the present of water) and water in which the weight average mean particle size of the particles of the cement is less than 20jxm, wherein the hydfaulic cement is substantially free of particles having a size above 30 ⁇ m, and in which the proportion of water is not more than 20% by weight of the hydraulic cement in the composition.
• the hydraulic cement may be a silicate cement, for example Portland cement, or an aluminate cement such as calcium aluminate cement or a calcium sulphate hemihydrate cement, or a mixture of one or more thereof.
• the composition may include polymer and/or dispersant.
• the extrudable material may alternatively comprise a cementitious composition comprising:
• the extrudable material may alternatively comprise a hydraulic cement composition in which the particle size distribution of the hydraulic cement is bimodal characterized in that the cement comprises:
• the extrudable material may alternatively comprise a cementitious composition comprising: (a) at least one hydraulic cement,
• the aforementioned cementitious compositions can be formulated into a mouldable, readily processed dough which is suitable for extrusion in conventional extrusion apparatus. It is, however, preferred to use a twin screw compounder coupled to a die according to this invention for effecting the extrusion processes.
• An example of a suitable extruding apparatus comprises a multi-purpose compounder having a variable orifice such as that produced by Baker Perkins and identified by the reference MPC/V.
• Figure 1 is an isometric front view of a die
• Figure 2 is an isometric rear view of a die
• Figure 3 is a view of the die of Figures 1 and 2 with upper and lower parts separated
• Figure 4 is a side elevation
• Figure 5 is a rear view
• Figure 6 is a front view of the die
• Figure 7 is a profile of extrudable material on entry into the die
• Figure 8 shows two superposed extrusions
• Figure 9 shows an alternative profile of extrudable material
• Figure 10 shows the extruded material of Figure 9 after exit from the die.
• the die 1 comprises a two-part housing, a contoured aperture housing 2 and a forming block housing 3.
• the forming block has a substantially flat inlet surface 4 and a contoured surface 9 as clearly shown in Figure 3.
• Integrally secured to the housing 3 and forming block 4,9 is slitting means. in the form of a sharp edge 5 having tapered edges 6 and 7 and so defining a substantially wedge-shaped component.
• the inlet passageway 13 for receiving extrudable material from an extruding apparatus is defined by the space between the contoured surface 9 of the forming block and the contoured surface 10 of the aperture housing 2.
• the inlet aperture in this embodiment is thus substantially circular and hollow and the extrudable material on entering the die assumes a shape illustrated in Figure 7 which will be described in greater detail hereafter.
• the forming block 4 is provided with first and second sld-ts 11 and 12 respectively which extend the length of the forming block from inlet to exit and maintain a substantially constant cross-section.
• the inlet aperture 8 in the aperture housing 2 defines the maximum external diameter of extrudable material that can enter the die.
• the thickness of extrudable material entering is maintained substantially constant throughout its travel from the inlet 13 to the exit 14, although the particular internal dimensions may not be regarded as critical in this respect.
• the dimensions of the exit 14 are selected for the particular end use of the extruded material.
• the number, dimension and positioning of slots 11 and 12 are also selected according to the end use of the extruded product. In one embodiment of this invention which is not illustrated the slots 11 and 12 are absent whereby an extrudable material may enter in hollow cylindrical form and exit in perfectly linear form.
• the die 1 may be made of any material capable of withstanding pressures and temperatures usually associated with extrusion processes, and it is preferred to extrude cementitious compositions which are initially in the form of a pliable dough through the die apparatus.
• the extrudable material 15 comprises extrudable cementitious composition which has been extruded from an extrusion apparatus in the form of a substantially circular and hollow cylinder.
• the material forms ribs 11a and 12a on entry into the respective slots 11 and 12 in the forming block.
• a slit 19 is formed on entry into the die as the extrudable material contacts the sharp edge 5 of the slitting means. This forms two initially adjacent ends 20,21 which are caused to separate as the material passes through the die.
• Figure 8 shows a pair of extrusions superposed in face-to-face relationship and forming a rectangular channel section divided into three internal channels.
• the profile of each of the extrusions 15a corresponds with the cross-section of the exit 14 of the die.
• the arrangement as illustrated may be useful as a double-sided skirting board, wherein electrical wiring and/or piping can be concealed within the internal channels.
• Such an extrusion of cementitious material when set hard, can be extremely durable and have high flexural strength. Additionally, such composition may be more economical in use than other extrudable materials such as plastics materials.
• fine-particle sized cementitious-based material (having an average particle size of less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm) is preferred as an extrudable material because of economics, capability of extrusion and the strength of the extruded products when set this is not the only material useful in this invention.
• extrudable materials include, for example, wood chip/glue composition e.g. as currently used in paper or cardboard manufacture, plastics materials, aluminium, aluminium alloy, iron or steel alloys, fibre glass, carbon-fibre or otherwise reinforced glass fibre, Ke lar (trade mark) or glass.
• the forming block should be modified to include heating means to keep the material semi-rigid and means to assist travel of the material through the die apparatus such as powered rollers pulling, carrying or otherwise supporting the fed material.
• the alloys it would be desirable to use a die of material having a high temperature melting point. When using glass careful temperature control will be required to impart shatter resistance to the extruded products.
• the final cross-section of the extrusion is wholly linear and (2) the initial cross-section may comprise a convoluted form to allow for extra length in the extruded material leaving the exit.
• the extrudable material compounder may in the former arrangement be adapted to present a hollow or solid cylinder for entry into the die apparatus. Whatever type or shape of extrusion leaves the exit of the die may be further processed as required or moulded to form a double-skinned shape.
• extrusions obtained by means of the present invention are widely varied.
• extrusions may find applications in the construction of skirting boards, cabinets, doors or door frames, interior or exterior walls, floors, pipes, even buildings and road surfaces, amongst many others.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (1)

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• 1986
  • 1986-05-29 WO PCT/GB1986/000296 patent/WO1986007006A1/en unknown
  • 1986-05-29 AU AU59048/86A patent/AU5904886A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1986-05-29 EP EP86903484A patent/EP0262128A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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