EP0260207A1 - Dispositif d'étude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilité de matériaux - Google Patents

Dispositif d'étude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilité de matériaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0260207A1
EP0260207A1 EP87420236A EP87420236A EP0260207A1 EP 0260207 A1 EP0260207 A1 EP 0260207A1 EP 87420236 A EP87420236 A EP 87420236A EP 87420236 A EP87420236 A EP 87420236A EP 0260207 A1 EP0260207 A1 EP 0260207A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
tank
quenching
test piece
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87420236A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrice Schwegler
Jean-Jacques Debrie
Bernard Clement
François Moreaux
Jacques Olivier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Servimetal SA
Original Assignee
Servimetal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Servimetal SA filed Critical Servimetal SA
Publication of EP0260207A1 publication Critical patent/EP0260207A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/55—Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/63—Quenching devices for bath quenching

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for studying cooling fluids and in particular quenching fluids and for optimizing the quenching conditions of materials and in particular ferrous or non-ferrous metal alloys, and for measuring their quenchability.
  • the quenching is generally carried out in a liquid medium which, depending on the desired cooling rates, can be of the aqueous, oily or igneous type (molten salt).
  • the first stage corresponds to "caléfaction".
  • the part is surrounded by a vapor sheath which isolates it from the quenching fluid and slows down cooling
  • - the second stage corresponds to nucleated boiling, that is to say the appearance of vapor bubbles on a large number of points of the part
  • the third stage corresponds to cooling by conduction and convection, thanks to direct contact between the quenching fluid and the part.
  • the quality of a given quenching medium can be assessed by a test consisting of taking a standard test piece of metal which is a good conductor of heat and / or does not exhibit any allotropic transformation in the temperature range considered (silver for example) at within which a temperature sensor has been placed, to bring it to high temperature in a regulated oven, to immerse it immediately at the outlet of the oven in the quenching medium and to record the evolution of its temperature as a function of time .
  • quenching media are mineral or vegetable oils, but the trend is to replace them with aqueous fluids, based on water-soluble polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyalkylene glycols, alcohols polyacrylic, polyvinylpyrrolidone (French patents FR 2 507 209, 2 537 997, 2 537 998 and 2 538 002 (SERVIMETAL).
  • water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyalkylene glycols, alcohols polyacrylic, polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • the object of the invention is a device for studying quenching fluids and their mixing, and for quenching materials, in the form of test pieces, comprising an oven for heating said test pieces, a means of introducing each test piece. in the quenching liquid and extracting the quenched specimen, a quenching tank containing the quenching fluid, and a means for circulating the quenching fluid.
  • the quenching tank comprises an upper tank and a lower tank connected by a means making it possible to organize the circulation and distribution of the fluid and to control the speed thereof, the upper tank being provided with a submerged injector , formed of at least one circular ramp comprising a plurality of radial nozzles directed towards the axis of the tank, and connected to a source of pressurized fluid, the upper part of the upper tank comprising a pipe for the return of the fluid to the means of pressurization, the lower tank comprising a separate inlet for pressurized fluid and means for controlling and regulating the temperature of the fluid.
  • This device thus makes it possible to determine the optimal mixing of a fluid with respect to a given part and of a material.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention essentially comprises four parts: the heating oven (above the line AA ⁇ ), the loading station (between the lines AA ⁇ and BB,), the quenching tank (and the heat exchanger) (between the lines BB ⁇ and CC ⁇ ) and the quenching fluid stirring system, as well as the safety tank (lower part of Figure 1, below the line CC ⁇ ).
  • the heating furnace (1) with electrical resistances allows temperatures from ambient to 1200 ° C to be obtained. In one embodiment of the invention, it has a power of 1400 watts, an internal diameter of 70 mm and a length of 200 mm, so as to allow the processing of the various test pieces in common use: silver test piece ⁇ 8 , L 24 and ⁇ 16, L 48 mm, "U” test piece, ⁇ 35, L 105 mm, or special test pieces such as the "corner" test piece 30 mm in diameter, 100 to 105 mm long , cut in a corner, with an angle at the top equal to 20 °, made of 38C2 steel, developed by the applicant.
  • the temperature is measured, displayed and regulated from the thermocouple (2).
  • a pipe (3) provided with a valve (4) makes it possible to inject an inert gas such as nitrogen or nitrogen-hydrogen mixture into the oven.
  • the test piece (5) is supported, during heating and then during quenching, by a rod (6) which crosses the upper plate (7) for closing the furnace by an orifice with little play, and the upward movement of which -descent is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder (8).
  • a second cylinder (9) allows the head (10) which supports the rod (6) to be subjected, during the quenching, to a vertical vibratory movement whose role will be explained below.
  • the lower part of the oven is further provided with a closing drawer (11) controlled by the jack (12).
  • the safety latches (13) allow the movement of the slide (11) to be controlled by the downward movement of the test piece (5).
  • the loading station consists of a bell (13) covering the quenching tank, which ensures protection of the fluid quenching with nitrogen, essential protection when the fluid is an oil brought to high temperature (up to 250 ° C); the bell (13) is connected to the furnace by a connecting tube (14) formed by two removable semi-cylinders or which open by rotation about a vertical hinge axis. The movement of opening the tube (14) is synchronized with that of the hatch (15) for isolating the bell, which allows the loading or removal of a test tube while maintaining the nitrogen atmosphere on the quench fluid.
  • the nitrogen arrives in the bell through the pipe (16); it is controlled by the valve (17).
  • the quench tank (20) is made up of two parts: the upper tank (21) and the lower tank (22).
  • the upper tank (21) consists of a cylinder provided, at its upper part, with an overflow ring (23), the external peripheral part (24) of which is connected in sealed relation to the bell (13). It further comprises a sight glass (25), located at the level of the test piece (5) during quenching, and a certain number of "tappings" (26) (three are shown) making it possible to implant, by a sealed junction, temperature and / or speed sensors of the quenching fluid.
  • the upper tank comprises the device (40) for direct injection of fluid by nozzles distributed around the test piece. It will be described later.
  • the lower tank (22) is separated from the upper tank (21) by a particular device for controlling the distribution and speed of the fluid, such as the grid (27), the role of which we will come back to a little later.
  • the lower tank further comprises electric heating pins (28) (immersion heaters) and temperature and / or fluid speed sensors such as (29) adjustable in position.
  • the stirring fluid stirring system ensures both overall agitation and submerged injection. It is made up of: a circulation pump (30), having a high hourly flow rate, for example of the order of 50 to 200 times the total fluid capacity (tanks + pipeline), - a plate heat exchanger (31). Given the amplitude of the temperatures of the quenching fluids (from ambient to 250 ° C), it is necessary to provide for mixed regulation by heating (resistances 28) and by cooling (exchanger 31).
  • This regulation, of the PID type ensures an accuracy of ⁇ 1 ° C on the temperature of the fluid, - a quick drain pan (32), provided for safety reasons, taking into account the fact that most quenching oils are flammable, especially when they are protected at 200 or 250 ° C.
  • This rapid emptying can be done manually (command called "point stroke"), or automatically by detection of a rise in temperature in the bell (sensor 33).
  • This rapid emptying can be accompanied by the injection, in the bell (13), of nitrogen or of a fluorocarbon extinguishing gas for example, by the tube (16) and the valve (17), -a set of control pipes and valves for injecting pressurized fluid: .only in the lower tank (22) by the pipe (34), valves (35) open, (36) closed, (37) closed, with flow measurement by the rotameter (38) and return by the pipe (39 ) at the pump (30) (so-called "global agitation" circuit) .
  • the means of circulating and agitating the quenching fluid with respect to the test piece is one of the essential points of the invention.
  • the simple grid has been replaced by a honeycomb separator (50) with square section 10 mm square honeycomb, surmounted by a closure plate (51) provided with an opening (52 ) whose diameter is adapted to that of the test piece: for example of the order of 30 to 60 millimeters for the most common test pieces.
  • the passage diameter of the fluid must be at least equal to the diameter of the test piece and preferably between 1 and 5 times this diameter.
  • the honeycomb passages promote the formation of parallel fluid currents which reach the test piece before having diverged significantly and thus ensure an almost laminar flow and a high circulation speed around the test piece, therefore very efficient cooling. .
  • the lower part of the separator (50) supports a converging cone (53) which increases the speed of circulation of the fluid by acting on the reduction of the sections.
  • Figure 3A which is a partial enlargement of the figure 3, the position of the propeller (54) of the rotameter (55) is shown relative to the test piece (5).
  • the rotameter (55) can be positioned or removed as desired during a test.
  • the honeycomb separator has been eliminated and exclusively a converging cone (56) is used which has the advantage of largely eliminating the dead zones (57), in which the fluid does not circulate. little or not in the vicinity of the test piece (5).
  • the shims (58) make it possible to adjust (after disassembly) the height of the cone (56) relative to the test piece.
  • the second means of circulating the fluid around the test piece is constituted by the submerged injector (40).
  • this injector comprises two superimposed ramps 60) and (61), each provided with three nozzles (62) offset by 120 °, possibly interchangeable to vary the flow rate or the shape of the stream of fluid injected.
  • the entire injector (40) is removable and interchangeable thanks to the removable connector (63) (fig.1).
  • the quenching effect can be modified by subjecting the support rod (6), therefore the test piece (5) itself, to a vibration of predetermined frequency and amplitude, under the action of the jack (9 ) generator of vibrations, for example in order to delay or destabilize the heating.
  • This mechanical vibration of the test piece can be supplemented or replaced by an ultrasonic generator of the conventional type, with piezoelectric effect or with magneto-necking, the emission of which is focused on the test piece.
  • thermocouples of small dimensions arranged in orifices drilled in the test piece at suitably chosen locations, and connected, through the rod -support (6) to a recorder (70) which directly traces the temperature-time curve and its derivative (cooling rate as a function of time) during the test.
  • the speed of circulation of the quenching fluid is measured at various points of the circuits and of the upper and lower tanks by means of propeller rotameters. This measurement is based on the variation of a current induced by the rotation of a two-blade propeller (54) in front of a detector. The measurement is relatively precise in the range of 0.1 to 7 m.s ⁇ 1.
  • the rotometers (38) and (42) are fixed. Others are removable and / or movable such as those which correspond to the reference (29) in FIG. 1 or those such as (55) which can be arranged, by the taps (26) between the means (27) and the test piece. (5), or at the nozzles (62).
  • the speed of circulation of the fluid was measured, by means of the rotameter (55) placed in the vicinity of the test piece (fig. 3A) and more precisely between the upper part (59) of the convergent (56) and the base of the test piece (5), the latter being of the AFP type (silver, flat bottom ⁇ 16 mm, L 48 mm) as well as at the level of the nozzles injection (62) by means of a rotameter set up by one of the nozzles (26).
  • the rotameter placed in the vicinity of the test piece (fig. 3A) and more precisely between the upper part (59) of the convergent (56) and the base of the test piece (5), the latter being of the AFP type (silver, flat bottom ⁇ 16 mm, L 48 mm) as well as at the level of the nozzles injection (62) by means of a rotameter set up by one of the nozzles (26).
  • the device, object of the invention therefore makes it possible to study both the behavior of quenching fluids of oily or aqueous type with respect to control samples, as well as the quenchability of materials such as metal alloys, and thus to establish the drasticity curves for a given quenching fluid and for given heat treatment conditions, in a precise and reproducible manner. It also makes it possible to study and determine a priori and optimize the quenching and mixing conditions of the fluid for a given material, known or new.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
EP87420236A 1986-09-11 1987-09-09 Dispositif d'étude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilité de matériaux Withdrawn EP0260207A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8612895 1986-09-11
FR8612895A FR2603901B1 (fr) 1986-09-11 1986-09-11 Dispositif d'etude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilite de materiaux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0260207A1 true EP0260207A1 (fr) 1988-03-16

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EP87420236A Withdrawn EP0260207A1 (fr) 1986-09-11 1987-09-09 Dispositif d'étude de fluides de trempe et de trempabilité de matériaux

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US (1) US4840353A (ja)
EP (1) EP0260207A1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS63125613A (ja)
FR (1) FR2603901B1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0967292A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Durferrit SARL Procédé et dispositif pour le contrÔle de pouvoir refroidissant d'un fluide

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5574142B2 (ja) * 2009-01-26 2014-08-20 高周波熱錬株式会社 冷却液管理装置及び方法並びに測温素子

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2246675A (en) * 1940-08-09 1941-06-24 Sheffield Steel Corp Quenching apparatus
DE745860C (de) * 1942-04-15 1944-05-05 Habil Heinrich Arend Dr Ing Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Vielhaertungs- und Vielerwaermungszahl von Staehlen
GB702378A (en) * 1951-09-20 1954-01-13 Riv Officine Di Villar Perosa Apparatus for determining the cooling power of quenching baths
US2920988A (en) * 1956-07-02 1960-01-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Process for ultrasonic quenching of steel articles
US3589696A (en) * 1968-03-04 1971-06-29 Hayes Inc C I High vacuum electric furnace with liquid quench apparatus
EP0049339A1 (de) * 1980-10-04 1982-04-14 Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken aus Stahl in einem Flüssigkeitsbad, insbesondere Ölbad

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3517676A (en) * 1967-10-25 1970-06-30 Caterpillar Tractor Co Quench apparatus for providing pulsating and sweeping flow of quench fluid
US4720310A (en) * 1981-11-26 1988-01-19 Union Siderurgique Du Nord Et De L'est De La France (Usinor) Process for effecting the controlled cooling of metal sheets

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2246675A (en) * 1940-08-09 1941-06-24 Sheffield Steel Corp Quenching apparatus
DE745860C (de) * 1942-04-15 1944-05-05 Habil Heinrich Arend Dr Ing Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Vielhaertungs- und Vielerwaermungszahl von Staehlen
GB702378A (en) * 1951-09-20 1954-01-13 Riv Officine Di Villar Perosa Apparatus for determining the cooling power of quenching baths
US2920988A (en) * 1956-07-02 1960-01-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Process for ultrasonic quenching of steel articles
US3589696A (en) * 1968-03-04 1971-06-29 Hayes Inc C I High vacuum electric furnace with liquid quench apparatus
EP0049339A1 (de) * 1980-10-04 1982-04-14 Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken aus Stahl in einem Flüssigkeitsbad, insbesondere Ölbad

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ULTRASONICS, vol. 3, juillet-septembre 1965, pages 149-151, Guildford, GB; R.F. HARVEY: "Ultrasonic quenching" *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0967292A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Durferrit SARL Procédé et dispositif pour le contrÔle de pouvoir refroidissant d'un fluide
FR2780508A1 (fr) * 1998-06-24 1999-12-31 Durferrit Sarl Procede et dispositif pour le controle du pouvoir refroidissant d'un fluide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2603901B1 (fr) 1988-11-18
FR2603901A1 (fr) 1988-03-18
JPH0325485B2 (ja) 1991-04-08
US4840353A (en) 1989-06-20
JPS63125613A (ja) 1988-05-28

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