EP0258254B1 - Sicherungsvorrichtung, wie eine sicherungsscheibe, sicherungsplatte und dergleichen - Google Patents

Sicherungsvorrichtung, wie eine sicherungsscheibe, sicherungsplatte und dergleichen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258254B1
EP0258254B1 EP19860903686 EP86903686A EP0258254B1 EP 0258254 B1 EP0258254 B1 EP 0258254B1 EP 19860903686 EP19860903686 EP 19860903686 EP 86903686 A EP86903686 A EP 86903686A EP 0258254 B1 EP0258254 B1 EP 0258254B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking
dogs
gripping edges
locking dogs
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860903686
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0258254A1 (de
Inventor
Bertil BURSTRÖM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86903686T priority Critical patent/ATE63618T1/de
Publication of EP0258254A1 publication Critical patent/EP0258254A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258254B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258254B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/24—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembly including locking device of the same type as lock washers, clamping sleeves and anchoring plugs, for arresting, locking and securing against undesirable positional displacement, twisting or rotation in screw and bolt joints, no-slip and mechanical joints etc. within, for example machine-building, caused by vibration or shaking or the effects of other external forces.
  • a locking device of the type which is defined in the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-1 486 347.
  • This document discloses a locking washer which is a development of a locking device described in US-A-1 419 564 and which comprises locking teeth adapted to be slightly distorted from a twisted position, that is, sprung down approximately to an original flat position, when a nut is screwed tightly down upon a work piece.
  • the diagonally opposite upper and lower gripping edges of the teeth grip into and become slightly embedded in the faces of the nut and the work pieces.
  • this known locking device entirely relies on the gripping edges of the locking teeth penetrating into the surfaces of the machine elements. By such penetration, a non-friction-dependent connection is achieved between the gripping edges and corresponding surfaces. In the event of a tendency of displacement, this mechanical connection gives rise to shearing forces parallel to the main plane of the device.
  • the locking assembly according to the present invention uses a substantially different locking principle.
  • the inventive locking principle can be explained by the following formula : where :
  • the claimed invention substantially resides in the insight that if the above-mentioned relation is maintained, sliding movement between the gripping edges and the surfaces of the machine elements will be counteracted solely by the frictional forces appearing at the gripping edges.
  • the present invention does not require the locking dogs to penetrate into the surfaces of the machine elements to achieve the aimed-at locking action.
  • the locking dog In case of a tendency of displacement, the locking dog will be turned about its instantanous centre so as to provide a self-locking effect, since the frictional forces increase in proportion to the tendency of displacement.
  • the invention suggests an assembly including a locking device of the type described in US 1 486 347 which, for maintaining the relation indicating above, further comprises stops or distancers with which the surfaces of the machine elements should be brougth into engagement in connection with mounting, and which distancers have such a height transversely of the main surfaces of the body that, in connection with mounting, said angle of inclination (a) is prevented from exceeding a predetermined maximum value (tg ⁇ + K . M).
  • the distancers form part of the locking dogs.
  • This variant can be achieved, for instance, if the cross-section of the locking dogs is given the form of a rectangle whose long side is larger than the thickness of the body and whose one diagonal, defining a line recited in claim 1 between the gripping edges, is substantially normal to the main surfaces of the body prior to mounting.
  • the rectangle In connection with mounting, the rectangle is turned to a position in which its short sides engage the surfaces of the machine elements in a planar fashion and in which further turning of the rectangle in the same direction is prevented in that gripping edges of the rectangle, which are interlinked by the other diagonal of the rectangle, engage the surfaces of the machine elements.
  • Fig. 1a is a plan view of a locking device of an inventive locking assembly, in the form of a concentric lock washer, which is also shown in cross section and side elevation in Figs. 1 b and 1 c respectively.
  • Figs. 2a and 3a are sections of two variants of the locking mechanism itself after clamping between adjacent components, while Figs. 2b and 3b show the locking or arresting mechanism of the lock washer when fully engaged Figs. 4a and 4b, Fig. 5, Figs. 6a and 6b, Figs. 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b and Figs. 9a-c all show alternative designs of an arresting and locking washer.
  • Figs. 10a and 10b show a lock washer with conical bearing surfaces while Fig. 11 shows a lock washer with oblique locking dogs.
  • Figs. 12a and 12b and 13a-c show two straight variants of the locking device.
  • Figs. 14a and 14b illustrate a sleeve-shaped locking device based on the concept of the invention.
  • Figs. 15a-e show some alternative cross sections of the locking dogs.
  • Figs. 16a and 16b illustrate a springing and clamping mechanism, directly connected to the locking device.
  • 1 indicates a locking device in its entirety.
  • 2 and 3 (Figs. 2 and 3) are extraneous, attached components or adjacent walls, for example, two metal plates.
  • 4 signifies a screw or bolt head, while 5 is the associated nut.
  • the locking device 1 is, when applied as a lock washer, a round or angular, holed and substantially flat washer, but can also be a rectangular profile or strip (Figs. 12, 13), or consist of a sleeve (Fig. 14) with a locking function upon an axis and mounted hub.
  • a method of production for the locking device can be a shearing and pressing operation from a temper- able metal sheet, but it may also be manufactured by, for example, plastic working, cutting or powder pressing.
  • the cavity or centre hole 6, for an axel or bolt with head 4, through a lockwasher 1 may be punched and, where required, edged with a rolled up ferrule or collar 7 (Fig.7), which is compressed to a chosen thickness.
  • a rolled up ferrule or collar 7 Fig.7
  • the inner diameter of the centre hole 6 will be reduced to a certain degree, which results in the clamping of the lock washer to the axis or bolt shank.
  • a number of tabs, staves or locking dogs or teeth 8 have been freed from the body of the lock washer by pressing, cutting or punching so that there are spaces 9 between each dog 8 and the circumferentially adjacent members of the lock washer 10, which form distancers 10.
  • the locking dogs 8 are twisted in a suitable direction and to a suitable degree about or against their fastening points, which thus form joints 11 and can be stamped and formed directly out of the base material or metal sheet.
  • the length, breadth, thickness, shape, pretensioning and angle of twist of the locking dogs are determined with regard to the size, thickness and intended use of the lock washer.
  • the number and type of distancers 10 and locking dogs 8 is chosen with regard to the other dimensions, purpose and functional environment of the lock washer. In order to increase the pretensioning of and to guide the locking dogs 8, then these may be cut, stamped or arranged so that spring tongues 12 and 13 (Figs. 16a & b) are formed, which press against the distancers 10 or against each other if there are no distancers.
  • the locking dogs 8 are angular in section so that they have diagonally opposite gripping edges 14,15.
  • the screwing effect turns the locking dogs 8 to a predetermined position, which is determined by the height or thickness of the distancers 10 or by the distance of the bearing surfaces from each other.
  • the diagonally opposite gripping edges 14 and 15 of the locking dogs 8 are then level with or flush with the facing bearing surfaces and/or both principal planes of the lock washer 1, the major part of the bearing pressure then being distributed along the distancers 10.
  • FIG. 10a and 10b A further modification of the lock washer is shown in Figs. 10a and 10b, where the locking dogs vary in height or thickness outwards from the centre hole 6 and towards the periphery. This, however, requires a corresponding conical form of the contact surface of adjacent components, such as a screw head or nut. This configuration has been chosen so that the locking dogs, when turning, attain the correct speed at every point along their gripping edges with no partial sliding or lag.
  • Fig. 11 shows a variant of the lock washer where the locking dogs' extension inwards from the uniting outer ring is not strictly radial but slanted, so that attempts at unscrewing cause the inner ends of the locking dogs to swing inwards towards the centre, and thereby contribute to locking the screw axis.
  • Figs. 12a and 12b, and 13a-c show two further designs of the locking device where a washer, a plate, a straight profile or strip with the above described functions has been formed from a punched and pressed strip of suitable straightness and shape.
  • a washer, a plate, a straight profile or strip with the above described functions has been formed from a punched and pressed strip of suitable straightness and shape.
  • each alternate locking dog has been turned so as to acquire an opposite locking direction.
  • the sheet material has been bent double so that the locking dogs 8 occur in opposed pairs, thereby achieving some economic advantages in manufacture.
  • Figs. 14a and 14b show a locking device designed as a sleeve or hub, with the locking dogs 8 arranged axially.
  • the locking dogs may be arranged at other angles, for example, transverse to the axis.
  • the cross sectional shape of the locking dogs does not necessarily need to be angular or edged at all, but could, to advantage, be partially circular, elliptical or eccentric.
  • the locking dogs in accordance with the invention - instead of being flexiblyjoined directly in the base material - are baked in soft rubber or plastic between the contact surfaces or mantle in general.
  • An increased locking heightfunction and extended range of use can be achieved by doubling up two locking devices as in Figs. 13a-c.
  • the invention can, in this way, also be applied to anchoring devices in drilled holes or slots in rock strata etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Zusammenbau einer Sicherungsvorrichtung (1) und Maschinen- oder Bauelemente zum Verhindern von Relativbewegung zwischen den Elementen, wobei die Sicherungsvorrichtung einen flachen oder hülsenförmigen Körper und Sperrzähne (8) in Form von Lappen, Stäben oder Ansätzen umfasst, welche aus dem genannten Körper aus demselben Ausgangsmaterial geformt und vom Körper zumindest teilweise dessen Dicke hindurch derart freigelegt sind, dass sie mit dem Rest des Körpers drehbar und federnd verbunden sind, wobei die Sperrzähne (8) Greifkanten (14,15) aufweisen, welche vor dem Montieren derSicherungsvorrichtung (1) über zwei Hauptflächen des Körpers hinausragen und mit benachbarten Flächen der genannten Elemente eingreifen, so dass beispielsweise im Falle einer durch Schwingungen verursachten Tendenz zur Verschiebung die Spenzähne gedreht werden, um eine schliessende und trennende Wirkung auf die genannten Flächen der Elemente hervorzurufen, wobei die Sicherungsvorrichtung ferner Anschläge oder Abstandsstücke umfasst, mit denen die Flächen der Elemente beim Montieren eingreifen, und die eine solche Höhe quer zu den Hauptflächen des genannten Körpers haben, dass beim Montieren der Neigungswinkel zwischen einer zusammenwirkende Greifkanten (14, 15) miteinander verbindenden Linie und einer zu den genannten Hauptflächen des Körpers senkrechten Linie verhindert ist, einen vorbestimmten Höchstwert zu überschreiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte Höchstwert in einem solchen Verhältnis zum Haftreibungswinkel der verwendeten Werkstoffe und zu den vorspannungsgeregelten Anfangs-Druckkräften, die die Greifkanten auf die genannten Flächen der Elemente ausüben, steht, dass im Falle einer derartigen Tendenz zur Verschiebung eine Gleitbewegung zwischen den Greifkanten und den Flächen der Elemente nur von den an den Greifkanten auftretenden Reibungskräften entgegengewirkt wird.
2. Zusammenbau nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandsstücke (8) einen Teil des Körpers zwischen den Sperrzähnen bilden, wobei die Hauptflächen des Körpers Berührungsflächen der Distanzstücke bilden, und die Greifkanten der Sperrzähne beim Montieren mit sich durch die Berührungsflächen erstreckenden Ebenen zusammentreffen.
3. Zusammenbau nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Distanzstücke einen Teil der Sperrzähne (8) bilden.
4. Zusammenbau nach einem derAnsprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sperrzähne (8) mit dem Körper über Federzungen (12, 13) verbunden sind, welche eine Drehwirkung und/oder eine orientierende Wirkung auf die Sperrzähne haben.
5. Zusammenbau nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sperrzähne (8) nebst den erstgenannten Greifkanten (14, 15) mit zusätzlichen Greifkanten (14b, 15b) versehen sind, welche derart ausgeführt sind, dass sie in Funktion treten werden, um eine Schliesswirkung zu erzeugen, wenn sich die erstgenannten Greifkanten (14, 15) ihrer äussersten oder höchsten Schliessstellung im Schliessvorgang nähern oder sich in dieser Stellung befinden.
6. Zusammenbau nach einem derAnsprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sperrzähne (8) mit Schneiden, Absätzen oder Leisten (14b, 15b) versehen sind, die die Drehbewegung der Sperrzähne (8) im Schliessvorgang begrenzen, so dass die Greifkanten (14, 15) in ihrer äussersten oder höchsten Stellung gesperrt sind.
EP19860903686 1985-06-07 1986-06-06 Sicherungsvorrichtung, wie eine sicherungsscheibe, sicherungsplatte und dergleichen Expired EP0258254B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86903686T ATE63618T1 (de) 1985-06-07 1986-06-06 Sicherungsvorrichtung, wie eine sicherungsscheibe, sicherungsplatte und dergleichen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8502813A SE452182B (sv) 1985-06-07 1985-06-07 Sperranordning sasom sperrbricka, lasbleck och dylikt
SE8502813 1985-06-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258254A1 EP0258254A1 (de) 1988-03-09
EP0258254B1 true EP0258254B1 (de) 1991-05-15

Family

ID=20360478

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860903686 Expired EP0258254B1 (de) 1985-06-07 1986-06-06 Sicherungsvorrichtung, wie eine sicherungsscheibe, sicherungsplatte und dergleichen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0258254B1 (de)
AU (1) AU5959686A (de)
SE (1) SE452182B (de)
WO (1) WO1986007419A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19615130A1 (de) * 1996-04-17 1997-10-23 Bauer Christian Gmbh & Co Selbstspannender Befestigungsring
KR102085616B1 (ko) * 2018-01-31 2020-03-06 박경용 너트 풀림방지용 와셔

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE314708C (de) *
US1419564A (en) * 1918-10-11 1922-06-13 Shakeproof Screw & Nut Lock Co Nut lock
US1486347A (en) * 1923-07-16 1924-03-11 Shakeproof Screw & Nut Lock Co Lock washer
NL51020C (de) * 1938-03-22
DE2201918A1 (de) * 1972-01-15 1973-07-19 Kern Fa Hugo Sicherungsscheibe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8502813D0 (sv) 1985-06-07
SE8502813L (sv) 1986-12-08
AU5959686A (en) 1987-01-07
SE452182B (sv) 1987-11-16
EP0258254A1 (de) 1988-03-09
WO1986007419A1 (en) 1986-12-18

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