EP0257645A1 - Ancre de roche flexible - Google Patents

Ancre de roche flexible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257645A1
EP0257645A1 EP87112479A EP87112479A EP0257645A1 EP 0257645 A1 EP0257645 A1 EP 0257645A1 EP 87112479 A EP87112479 A EP 87112479A EP 87112479 A EP87112479 A EP 87112479A EP 0257645 A1 EP0257645 A1 EP 0257645A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rock anchor
anchor according
lamellae
sleeve
slats
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87112479A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0257645B1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Prof.Dr.-Ing. Spies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rudolf Hausherr & Sohne & Co KG GmbH
Rudolf Hausherr and Sohne GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rudolf Hausherr & Sohne & Co KG GmbH
Rudolf Hausherr and Sohne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rudolf Hausherr & Sohne & Co KG GmbH, Rudolf Hausherr and Sohne GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Rudolf Hausherr & Sohne & Co KG GmbH
Priority to AT87112479T priority Critical patent/ATE59210T1/de
Publication of EP0257645A1 publication Critical patent/EP0257645A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0257645B1 publication Critical patent/EP0257645B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0006—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible rock anchor that can be inserted into boreholes of any length and can be connected to the borehole wall at its end facing the deepest hole or over its entire length, preferably via adhesive.
  • Mountain or rock anchors are - depending on the intended use - in different lengths, with different diameters and different load capacities from underground structures in the surrounding rock mantle in order to increase its own load-bearing capacity.
  • the increase in the inherent load-bearing capacity of the mountain shell surrounding the tunnels or mine structures can either be achieved by "hanging" layered, less stable rock layers from the firmer and more compact layers above them, or by the frictional connection due to the load-bearing capacity of the anchors (preload or the load-bearing capacity built up by mountain movement) between adjacent layers and thus the stability of the anchored overall association is increased that mountain movements directly through the shear resistance of the Anchor is counteracted or that the anchors - comparable to the reinforcement in concrete - increase the bond strength of the mountains.
  • the rock anchors are usually equipped at their deepest end in the borehole with special mechanisms that create adhesion in the mountains by spreading, or are preferably attached to the borehole wall with multi-component adhesives.
  • the rock anchors are glued along their entire length in the borehole.
  • the rock anchors are provided with threads and nuts arranged on them, or with screw heads firmly attached to the anchors, via which an abutment is usually formed by means of an anchor plate to support the anchor force on the exposed rock surface.
  • anchor expansion mostly serves to keep the mountains around the underground cavities stable until the final expansion (usually single or multi-layer, often reinforced concrete) and after the final expansion the "self-supporting behavior" of the surrounding mountain shell increase.
  • this function can be supported by choosing an optimal cross-sectional shape for the anchor structure to take effect.
  • Anchor expansion has proven extremely useful for securing mine workings in the hard coal mines of the United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa.
  • the anchoring When using anchoring in tunnel structures or in mining methods in which pillars of the mineral to be mined remain between the mines in order to support the overlying rock layers in the deposit, the anchoring only needs to absorb relatively small rock movements resulting from the elastic "springback" of the cavities surrounding mountains and result from plastic movements, which can be attributed to the redistribution of stress in the vicinity of the mine rooms.
  • the deposit is completely mined, which is the predominant mining method in European coal mining, significantly larger rock movements occur, which result in a much greater destruction of the mountains surrounding the mine areas.
  • the accompanying mining sections In longwall construction, which is the predominant mining process, the accompanying mining sections must also be maintained in zones in which extremely high pressure phenomena occur due to the additional pressure. The additional pressure in these zones is usually a multiple of the overlay pressure.
  • anchor construction in hard coal mining (both when building pillars and when the deposit is completely dismantled) consists of anchor rods, on the surface of which a profile is rolled to improve the effect of the bond. Since the anchors are exposed to the rock movement, only materials can be used here that have a sufficiently large elasticity beyond the yield point up to fracture. As a result, the maximum permissible load is limited to a relatively low value for a given anchor cross section.
  • anchors are also used which are made of materials with extremely high elasticity. Apart from the fact that with these anchors the maximum permissible load for a given anchor cross-section is reduced by a considerable amount compared to the most widely used design, these anchors are comparatively very expensive due to the high material price.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the safety and the load-bearing behavior of the anchor fitting and to extend its field of application while avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages, in particular when completely depositing deposits. Since rock anchors are required for coal mining in very large numbers, it is also desirable to produce them with comparatively little effort despite the high technical requirements.
  • the lamella anchor according to the invention combines the advantages of the known designs in their various design variants while avoiding their disadvantages and points beyond them In addition, a considerable excess over these designs in terms of its rock mechanical behavior and an inexpensive economical production.
  • a lamellar anchor is shown in a borehole 1, which is glued to the borehole wall only in the area of the borehole 2.
  • the adhesive 3 is in known manner from several components, which are contained in a cartridge in separate cavities. The cartridge is pushed deep into the borehole and destroyed by the tracked anchor. Mixing takes place either by turning the anchor or - in newer developments - automatically by penetrating the two adhesive components.
  • the armature itself consists of laminations 4 arranged side by side, which are preferably produced from endless strips of different widths and / or different thicknesses.
  • a shape is selected for the plate pack such that the cross section of the plate anchor comes as close as possible to a circular cross section.
  • the difference between the diameter of this enveloping circle and the borehole diameter results from the size of the annular space which is required for the adhesive.
  • the lamellae of different lengths are fanned out in the manner of a fir tree, in order to provide the largest possible adhesive surface for the adhesive, to glue each individual lamella and to achieve particularly good mixing of the components of the adhesive by rotating the lamella anchor.
  • the fins are behind the fir tree-shaped fanning out Via a ring 6, which can be pressed on or also allow a certain relative movement of the individual lamella, positively connected to one another.
  • a sleeve 7 is pushed over the free ends of the slats at the track-side end of the lamella anchor, which can protrude into the borehole with its one side and carries a component 8 - preferably a screw head - at its free, track-side end, which allows the transmission of a torque by externally attacking tools in order to promote the mixing process of the adhesive components.
  • the sleeve can be welded to the slats, it can be pressed on or connected to the anchor in some other way. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the connection is made by weld seams 9, but spot or projection welding can also be used.
  • the collar of the component 8 of the lamellar anchor is supported on the anchor plate 10, which is curved in a known manner in order to enable different angles between the anchor and the anchor plate.
  • Fig. 2 is a construction variant of the fir tree-shaped fanning out the deepest in the borehole sensitive anchor end 5 shown, in which the individual lamellae are machine-profiled 11 in order to present the adhesive with a larger surface area and to promote adhesion in the case of tensile stresses.
  • the mechanical profiling is connected to the cutting process during the continuous production from strips.
  • the individual anchor lamellae are attached to one another by means of an electrical spot weld 12.
  • Anchors are often introduced as "fully bonded anchors", ie several adhesive cartridges are inserted into the borehole in front of the anchor, so that the cavity between the anchor and the borehole wall is filled with adhesive over the entire anchor length.
  • the anchor according to FIG. 3 is covered with a plastic tube 13 in these cases. This ensures that the individual anchor slats can move axially in spite of being fully bonded to the adhesive and also to one another in the event of shear stresses.
  • Fig. 4 shows the lamellar anchor in a form of loading that is particularly common in mining sections that come under high pressure.
  • the strength of the layer packs surrounding the section cavity is exceeded in many places, so that the stresses are relieved by movements on the fracture surfaces which have arisen.
  • the anchors introduced are subjected to a particularly high degree of shear loads. They must be able to follow the movements of the mountain strata over relatively large distances without being destroyed.
  • the rock anchor on which the invention is based is able to absorb these thrust movements without excessive strains occurring in the individual lamellae, which could lead to cracks and thus to breakage.
  • the lamellar anchor behaves under shear loads, whose direction lies in the lamella plane, similar to the shear forces acting perpendicular to the lamella plane shown in Fig. 4.
  • the individual lamellas give way to the lowest resistance moment when they are loaded in the lamellar plane according to a basic rule of mechanics, so that they twist in the borehole and then behave according to Fig. 4. This means that the advantages of the lamella anchor are fully effective in all directions of possible shear stresses. None of the previously known or used designs of rock anchors even comes close to the shear strength of the lamellar anchor.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment for a resilient lamella anchor.
  • the resilience of the anchor expansion is extremely advantageous in the mining sections, in which relatively large rock movements take place in the area near the section. It also allows the use of anchors of higher material qualities, which usually have lower elongations at break. The higher material qualities significantly increase the load capacity of the anchors, the disadvantage of the low elongation is more than compensated for by the flexibility.
  • the sleeve 7 pushed over the track-side lamella ends is under high pressure force pressed on, so that the adhesion of the sleeve to the lamellae is greater than the breaking strength of the anchor.
  • the pressed-on sleeve 7 carries at its free end a screw head 19 in order to be able to produce the rotary movements necessary for the mixing process of the adhesive components by tools acting from the outside.
  • Fig. 6 shows a particularly manufacturing and cost-effective design for the end of the lamella anchor protruding into the track.
  • the fins 4 are first firmly connected to one another by electrical spot welding 20. Then, using the strong heating caused by the spot welding by pressing tools acting from the outside, a cylindrical shape 21 is produced, on which the servo ring 16, not shown in FIG. 6, and the clamping ring 17, also not shown, can be arranged.
  • This constructive embodiment results in a particularly inexpensive flexible slat anchor in mass production.
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross section through the plate pack 4.
  • the individual plates which are preferably cut from sheet metal strips in a continuous manufacturing process, can have a rectangular cross section or - as shown in Fig. 7 - have oblique outer edges 22 which come closer to the enveloping circle.
  • the outer edges can be cut at different angles in the manufacturing process described above. In this way, the load-bearing cross section of the anchor is particularly large. It practically reaches the cross-section of comparable anchor rods, However, due to its lamellar structure, it has the extremely important previously described advantages of better absorption of shear loads and movements.
  • Fig. 8 shows a form of fastening between the plate pack 4 and the sleeve 7 arranged at the track end of the plate anchor, in which the plate pack is spread and a wedge 23 is driven into the sleeve.
  • the sleeve 7 is preferably slightly expanded in the region 24, so that there is a perfect shot between the disk pack 4 and the sleeve 7.
  • the same form fit is achieved in that the disk pack and also the sleeve 7 are expanded in the area 24 by a tool mandrel (not shown) and the resulting cavity is then filled with adhesive or poured metal 25.
  • Fig. 10 shows a particularly difficult expansion situation in a longwall, in which the longwall end 26 has run out in front of the cap tip of the extension 27.
  • Anchor expansion with lamellar anchors as shown in Fig. 12 has a particularly advantageous effect in line drives.
  • the angled insertion 28 of the flexible lamella anchors 4a it is possible to insert the anchor extension over the tunneling machine 29 using suitable auxiliary devices, not shown in FIG. 12, without the tunneling machine having to be stopped - as before - for setting the anchor. Since the time for the removal of the expansion is often longer than the cutting time on average for all mechanical excavation sections, the use of lamella anchors would more than double the tunneling speeds in the excavation sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
EP87112479A 1986-08-29 1987-08-27 Ancre de roche flexible Expired - Lifetime EP0257645B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87112479T ATE59210T1 (de) 1986-08-29 1987-08-27 Flexibler gebirgsanker.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3629365 1986-08-29
DE19863629365 DE3629365A1 (de) 1986-08-29 1986-08-29 Flexibler gebirgsanker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0257645A1 true EP0257645A1 (fr) 1988-03-02
EP0257645B1 EP0257645B1 (fr) 1990-12-19

Family

ID=6308436

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87112479A Expired - Lifetime EP0257645B1 (fr) 1986-08-29 1987-08-27 Ancre de roche flexible

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4798501A (fr)
EP (1) EP0257645B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE59210T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3629365A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290119A (en) * 1994-06-07 1995-12-13 Jennmar Corp Flexible rock bolt
US5560740A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-10-01 Scott Investment Partners Cable attachment device to spin single cables into resinous anchors in boreholes in geologic formation
US5699572A (en) * 1994-12-20 1997-12-23 Jennmar Corporation Combination cable spreader and cable driver

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5344256A (en) * 1988-11-14 1994-09-06 Garford Pty Ltd Rock anchor and method of manufacture
US5147151A (en) * 1991-08-23 1992-09-15 Hipkins Jr Edward C Washer insert for bearing plate
US5378087A (en) * 1991-09-25 1995-01-03 Locotos; Frank M. Mine roof support apparatus and method
US5375946A (en) * 1992-02-06 1994-12-27 F. M. Locotos Equipment & Design Co. Mine roof support apparatus and method
US5230589A (en) * 1992-03-23 1993-07-27 Gillespie Harvey D Mine roof bolt
US5417521A (en) * 1993-08-16 1995-05-23 Scott Investment Partners Multiple cable rock anchor system
US6039125A (en) * 1994-02-28 2000-03-21 Helifix Limited Wall tie reinforcement and method
US5586839A (en) * 1994-09-06 1996-12-24 Gillespie; Harvey D. Yieldable cable bolt
US5649790A (en) * 1995-06-22 1997-07-22 Mergen; Douglas Matthew Friction rock stabilizer and method for insertion
US6056482A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-05-02 Jennmar Corporation Cable bolt head
US5785463A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-28 Jennmar Corporation Combination cable bolt system
US5741092A (en) * 1996-02-15 1998-04-21 Jennmar Corporation Cable bolt driver
US5836720A (en) * 1996-06-03 1998-11-17 Jennmar Corporation Mine roof support system
AUPO220596A0 (en) * 1996-09-09 1996-10-03 Geosystems Cable bolt
AU723200B2 (en) * 1996-09-09 2000-08-17 Quantax Pty Ltd A cable bolt
DE19925109C1 (de) * 1999-06-01 2000-06-21 Max Aicher Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Spitze an einem Ankerstab aus Stahl
CA2317981A1 (fr) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-14 Jennmar Corporation Produits pour cables a surface granuleuse
US20030143038A1 (en) * 2000-02-22 2003-07-31 Babcock John W. Multiple synthetic deformed bars and retaining walls
AUPS310802A0 (en) * 2002-06-21 2002-07-11 Industrial Rollformers Pty Limited Yielding cable bolt
US6881015B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-04-19 Dywidag-Systems International, U.S.A., Inc. Wedge barrel for a mine roof cable bolt
US7384216B2 (en) * 2004-09-16 2008-06-10 Dywidag-Systems International Usa Cable coupler having retained wedges
US7690868B2 (en) * 2003-12-02 2010-04-06 Dsi Ground Support Inc. Cable coupler having retained wedges
RU2006134064A (ru) * 2004-03-31 2008-05-10 Агентство По Науке И Технологиям Японии (Jp) Способ монтирования анкерного болта и способ и устройство для сверления отверстия для анкерного болта
US7066688B2 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-06-27 Dywidag-Systems International Usa Wedge barrel for a twin cable mine roof bolt
PL2379843T3 (pl) * 2008-12-23 2015-04-30 Hani Sabri Mitri Kotwa linowa z tuleją
CN103485809A (zh) * 2012-06-10 2014-01-01 解波 一种护肩式钢带
CN107820533B (zh) * 2015-05-08 2020-11-27 挪曼尔特国际有限公司 局部锚固的自钻式中空岩石锚杆
JP6442104B1 (ja) * 2017-07-31 2018-12-19 東京製綱株式会社 連続繊維補強より線の定着具
CN111648794B (zh) * 2020-06-02 2021-11-12 山东高速科技发展集团有限公司 用于寒区隧道洞口段的支护架构及安装方法

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US2078473A (en) * 1936-03-20 1937-04-27 John C Truemper Bushing material
FR2249214A1 (fr) * 1973-10-26 1975-05-23 Bauer Karl Kg
DE2505684A1 (de) * 1974-02-18 1975-08-21 Permali Sa Sicherungsstab zur befestigung eines grundmaterials
FR2496752A1 (fr) * 1980-12-18 1982-06-25 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Organe d'ancrage dans une roche

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IT1017641B (it) * 1974-05-31 1977-08-10 Meardi P Tirante d ancoraggio di muri pa ratie e simili con parte attiva ad aderenza incrementata contro il terreno
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US4504175A (en) * 1981-08-05 1985-03-12 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Hollow rod and method of making and using
EP0111512A4 (fr) * 1982-06-16 1984-11-05 Gearhart Australia Renforcement et delimitation de formations de terrain.
DE3507732A1 (de) * 1985-03-05 1986-09-18 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Zugglied fuer einen felsbolzen oder dergleichen
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2078473A (en) * 1936-03-20 1937-04-27 John C Truemper Bushing material
FR2249214A1 (fr) * 1973-10-26 1975-05-23 Bauer Karl Kg
DE2505684A1 (de) * 1974-02-18 1975-08-21 Permali Sa Sicherungsstab zur befestigung eines grundmaterials
FR2496752A1 (fr) * 1980-12-18 1982-06-25 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Organe d'ancrage dans une roche

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Title
SOVIET INVENTIONS ILLUSTRATED, Sektion Mechanik, Woche C17, Zusammenfassungsnr. D8169 Q61, 4. Juni 1980, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; & SU - A - 681 238 (VELIKOIVAN V.S.) 25.08.79 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290119A (en) * 1994-06-07 1995-12-13 Jennmar Corp Flexible rock bolt
US5560740A (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-10-01 Scott Investment Partners Cable attachment device to spin single cables into resinous anchors in boreholes in geologic formation
US5699572A (en) * 1994-12-20 1997-12-23 Jennmar Corporation Combination cable spreader and cable driver

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0257645B1 (fr) 1990-12-19
US4798501A (en) 1989-01-17
ATE59210T1 (de) 1991-01-15
DE3766777D1 (de) 1991-01-31
DE3629365A1 (de) 1988-03-03

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