EP0257018A2 - Procédé pour l'utilisation thermique de déchets et/ou de combustibles résiduaires - Google Patents

Procédé pour l'utilisation thermique de déchets et/ou de combustibles résiduaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257018A2
EP0257018A2 EP87890191A EP87890191A EP0257018A2 EP 0257018 A2 EP0257018 A2 EP 0257018A2 EP 87890191 A EP87890191 A EP 87890191A EP 87890191 A EP87890191 A EP 87890191A EP 0257018 A2 EP0257018 A2 EP 0257018A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasification reactor
gasification
waste
gases
carburetor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87890191A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0257018A3 (fr
Inventor
Reinhart Dipl.-Ing. Hanke
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Lugscheider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine AG
Original Assignee
Voestalpine AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine AG filed Critical Voestalpine AG
Publication of EP0257018A2 publication Critical patent/EP0257018A2/fr
Publication of EP0257018A3 publication Critical patent/EP0257018A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the thermal utilization of waste and / or waste fuels by gasification and subsequent combustion of the gases formed.
  • Gasification reactors with which residues containing heavy metals, for example in the chemical industry, can also be processed can be found, for example, in AT-PS 379 618.
  • this known gasification reactor heavy metal-containing waste is added to a secondary gas reaction zone and in this way it is achieved that such waste can be discharged together with the slag after the slag bath has solidified.
  • gasification at such high temperatures is not economical.
  • plastic waste and heavy metal-containing waste that can be decomposed at a much lower temperature, it could be sensibly processed even at a lower temperature.
  • the invention now aims to make better use of the flue gases withdrawn from a combustion chamber for energy generation and to create an economical method which a number of wastes that are not easy to dispose of, such as waste containing heavy metals or plastics, can be thermally recycled.
  • the invention essentially consists in that the waste and / or waste fuels are fed to a gasification reactor which is directly heated with gas and / or oil, that the gases withdrawn from the gasification reactor are fed to a combustion chamber for energy, in particular steam generation, and in that some of the flue gases from the combustion chamber are returned to the gasification reactor under pressure.
  • the process according to the invention is therefore advantageously carried out in such a way that the temperature in the gasification reactor is kept between 500 and 1200 ° C., preferably between 700 and 1200 ° C., with the fact that the flue gases of the combustion chamber are returned to the gasification reactor under pressure, the regulation of the gasification behavior and also the setting of the gasification zone can be ensured in a simple manner by recirculating the flue gases in the gasification reactor in at least two different zones.
  • a recirculation of the flue gas close to the task of the waste or waste fuels can be used to pre-dry and preheat this waste, whereby the desired moisture content of the waste or waste fuels can also be returned by means of a corresponding steam return to such a medium-temperature gasification reactor can be influenced, which in turn can improve the gasification behavior.
  • the height of the gasification zone can be shifted to such an extent that the gasification zone is set immediately adjacent to the outlets for the lean gases which are provided separately.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that loose fuel is supplied compressed to the gasification reactor via a feed screw, alternatively lumpy fuels can be supplied to the gasification reactor as bulk material or fuel compressed into bales can be supplied via a push-in device.
  • the pressure of the flue gases required for the recirculation in different levels of the medium-temperature gasifier can be achieved in a simple manner by using the flue gases under the pressure of the induced draft fan for the pre-drying of fuels for the gasifier.
  • the flue gases are advantageously returned to the carburetor via an adjustable throttle element for setting the reducing environment and the CO2 supply in the gasifier.
  • the flue gases are used to preheat the carburetor when starting, which means that starting a parked carburetor can be significantly accelerated.
  • a known high-temperature gasification reactor such as, for example, a reactor according to AT-PS 379 618, can generally also be provided in order to process or dispose of waste of a different type and to be processed at a higher temperature.
  • a flue gas recirculation for preheating when starting is also advantageous in such devices, but the recirculation of flue gases is not readily possible with a high-temperature gasifier, since this recirculation could lead to a lowering of the required high temperatures in consideration of the Boudouard balance.
  • the gases leaving the gasification reactor are at the temperature set in the gasification reactor and such a temperature can subsequently lead to undesirably high combustion temperatures in the combustion chamber. It is therefore advantageous to proceed in such a way that the combustible gases drawn off from the carburetor are conducted via heat exchangers of the boiler of the steam generation, as a result of which the weak gases can be pre-cooled while simultaneously using their sensible heat.
  • the lean gases leaving the carburetor can be fed to a gas conditioning stage of conventional design to improve their combustion behavior.
  • the recycling of flue gases can also be advantageous in the context of such a downstream gas conditioning stage and is particularly suitable for preheating and / or adjusting the CO2 supply in the gas conditioning stage.
  • Another control option in the context of medium-temperature gasification is that part of the steam generated is returned to the gasification reactor.
  • the predrying can directly create a corresponding steam atmosphere with the hot flue gases, which facilitates the drying of such waste fuels.
  • the steam return to the gasifier can be carried out together with the flue gases or adjacent to the flue gases, as a result of which the position of the gasification zone within the gasification reactor can also be adjusted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block circuit diagram of a device for the thermal utilization of waste or waste fuels, in which a medium-temperature gasification is provided in addition to high-temperature gasification
  • 2 shows a schematic representation of a device according to FIG. 1 which only has a medium-temperature gasification
  • FIG. 3 shows a modified embodiment in which only high-pressure gasification is provided, the low gases of which, however, are conducted via a gas conditioner supplied with flue gases.
  • the supply lines for materials to be recycled are indicated schematically.
  • Solid fuel or waste fuel is added via a line 1 and additional fuels, in particular gas or oil, are supplied for auxiliary firing via a line 2.
  • additional fuels are a medium-temperature gasification reactor 3, a high-temperature gasification reactor 4 and the combustion chamber 5 supplied for energy generation, in particular for steam generation in the boiler 6.
  • the waste fuels must first be gasified and for this purpose the feed line 1 only opens to the medium-temperature gasification or the high-temperature gasification.
  • Problem wastes such as special waste, heavy metal-containing wastes or plastic wastes, can be fed to the high-temperature gasification 4 or the medium-temperature gasification 3 via the line 7 indicated by dashed lines, depending on the nature of these wastes.
  • the combustion air is introduced via a line system 8 and is made available to the two gasification reactors as well as to the combustion chamber 5.
  • the combustion air can be preheated via a heat exchanger 9 in the smoke outlet after a possibly provided flue gas scrubbing 10, for which purpose a heat exchanger bypass 11 is provided.
  • the high-temperature gasification 4 is designed in a known manner and the liquid slag can be drawn off via a slag discharge 12.
  • the low-temperature gas leaving the high-temperature gasification passes via a line 13 into a gas conditioning stage 14, which can contain, for example, a coke bed.
  • the fumes extracted from the combustion chamber 5 are drawn off via an induced draft fan 15 and in this way pressurized.
  • the pressurized warm flue gas leaving the boiler can be returned via line 16 to the medium-temperature gasifier 3, the return within this reactor being able to take place at several levels in order to adjust the gasification behavior.
  • the lean gas leaving the medium-temperature gasifier either passes directly into the combustion chamber via a line 17 5 or via the branch line 18 and via the gas conditioning stage 14 into the combustion chamber 5.
  • the steam of this boiler 6 can be used for energy generation.
  • a portion of this steam returns via line 20 to medium-temperature gasification 3 or to high-temperature gasification 4.
  • high-temperature gasification 4 such steam will generally be necessary.
  • the return of steam is particularly suitable for better adjustment of the gasification behavior and to adjust the moisture content of the waste used.
  • Ash is discharged from the medium temperature gasification stage 3 via the ash discharge 21.
  • the conventional flue gas scrubber 10 can be equipped with feed water lines 22 and return lines 23.
  • the medium-temperature gasification reactor can be fired in a simple manner with gas and / or oil, with the gasification of solid fuels or waste taking place in the temperature range between 500 and 1200 ° C. and preferably between 700 and 1200 ° C.
  • the flue gas recirculation takes place with the overpressure of the induced draft fan and enables the fuel to dry and create additional control options by influencing the reducing mileus and the temperature profile in the reactor.
  • solid fuels can be supplied by feed screws in the case of loose fuels and in the case of briquetted or lumpy fuels by a feed device for bulk material.
  • Fuel pressed into bales, in particular fuel from waste, can be introduced by means of an insertion device.
  • the high-temperature gasification can be carried out according to known methods, and the gas conditioning, the firing and the flue gas scrubbing can also be carried out using known methods.
  • the fuel By returning the flue gas to the boiler and from the pressure side of the induced draft fan, the fuel can be predried and the reducing mileage and the CO2 supply in the medium-temperature gasification can be regulated.
  • the preheating of the gas conditioning is primarily important when starting up the plant, since the temperature of the lean gases leaving the gasification reactor is consequently sufficiently high.
  • Lean gas from different gasification systems can be produced in the same furnace with additional fuels.
  • the combustion chamber 5 can thus be designed universally and only a steam generating boiler 6 is required.
  • the lean gas lines of the two carburettors can be switched on and off as required and fed to the furnace with or without gas conditioning.
  • the boiler output can be kept independent of the connection of the carburetor, which ensures a continuous energy supply.
  • Problem wastes such as liquid, pasteuse, solid wastes, some with high heavy metal contents, as well as temperature-resistant organic substances can optionally be processed in high-temperature gasification.
  • Fuel from garbage bales from a waste treatment facility can be used in medium-temperature gasification. It is also possible to introduce dewatered sewage sludge into the medium-temperature gasification without any problems, in which case the flue gas recirculation is particularly advantageous for predrying.
  • the medium temperature gasification can work continuously or discontinuously.
  • FIG. 2 In the construction of the system according to FIG. 2, only a medium-temperature gasifier 3 is provided, the rest of the reference numerals from FIG. 1 being retained. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the optional supply of waste that is difficult to dispose of has not been drawn in, but can easily be provided in addition.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 2 also differs from FIG. 1 in that the flue gas recirculation is only carried out to the medium-temperature gasification reactor, but not to the gas conditioning 4.
  • the gas conditioning 14 is thus used directly, just like the heat exchanger 19, for cooling the lean gas withdrawn via the line 17 before this lean gas is fed to the combustion chamber 5.
  • gas conditioning 14 is not required in all cases, so that this measure is optional.
  • Hazardous waste such as that generated in the chemical industry or in hospitals, can of course only be partially processed in medium-temperature gasifiers and will continue to be largely disposed of only using high-temperature gasifiers, especially at temperatures above 1400 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP87890191A 1986-08-14 1987-08-14 Procédé pour l'utilisation thermique de déchets et/ou de combustibles résiduaires Withdrawn EP0257018A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0220286A AT390445B (de) 1986-08-14 1986-08-14 Verfahren zur thermischen verwertung von abfaellen und/oder abfallbrennstoffen
AT2202/86 1986-08-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0257018A2 true EP0257018A2 (fr) 1988-02-24
EP0257018A3 EP0257018A3 (fr) 1988-10-05

Family

ID=3529894

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87890191A Withdrawn EP0257018A3 (fr) 1986-08-14 1987-08-14 Procédé pour l'utilisation thermique de déchets et/ou de combustibles résiduaires

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0257018A3 (fr)
AT (1) AT390445B (fr)
NO (1) NO873392L (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401460A1 (fr) * 1989-06-05 1990-12-12 Masamoto Kaneko Procédé et appareil pour l'élimination des déchets
EP0509134A2 (fr) * 1991-04-17 1992-10-21 PKA Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co. KG. Procédé et installation pour le traitement thermique d'échets contaminés de composants organiques en particulier de déchets métalliques
WO1994010507A1 (fr) * 1992-10-28 1994-05-11 Alf Johansson Procede de recuperation en continu de materiau tel que le caoutchouc et installation d'exploitation de ce procede
DE4337421C1 (de) * 1993-11-03 1995-01-12 Hans Dr Reimer Mehrstufige Hochtemperaturverbrennung von Abfallstoffen mit Inertbestandteilen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
US6571747B1 (en) 1999-03-26 2003-06-03 Michael Prestel Method and device for producing energy or methanol
CN108410504A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-08-17 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 煤预处理装置和锅炉

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2747571A1 (de) * 1976-10-26 1978-04-27 Union Steel South Africa Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen erzeugen eines reduktionsgases und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
DE3345867A1 (de) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-27 Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen verwertung von rueckstaenden
AT379618B (de) * 1983-11-14 1986-02-10 Voest Alpine Ag Verfahren zur aufarbeitung von schwermetallhaeltigen rueckstaenden der chemischen industrie

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2440398A1 (fr) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-30 Nal Etud Exper Machinisme Cent Gazogene a lit fixe

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2747571A1 (de) * 1976-10-26 1978-04-27 Union Steel South Africa Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen erzeugen eines reduktionsgases und vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
AT379618B (de) * 1983-11-14 1986-02-10 Voest Alpine Ag Verfahren zur aufarbeitung von schwermetallhaeltigen rueckstaenden der chemischen industrie
DE3345867A1 (de) * 1983-12-19 1985-06-27 Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH, 8035 Gauting Verfahren und vorrichtung zur thermischen verwertung von rueckstaenden

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401460A1 (fr) * 1989-06-05 1990-12-12 Masamoto Kaneko Procédé et appareil pour l'élimination des déchets
EP0509134A2 (fr) * 1991-04-17 1992-10-21 PKA Umwelttechnik GmbH & Co. KG. Procédé et installation pour le traitement thermique d'échets contaminés de composants organiques en particulier de déchets métalliques
EP0509134A3 (en) * 1991-04-17 1993-01-13 Smg Sommer Metallwerke Gmbh Process and installation for the thermal processing of waste materials contaminated with organic components particularly scrap metal
WO1994010507A1 (fr) * 1992-10-28 1994-05-11 Alf Johansson Procede de recuperation en continu de materiau tel que le caoutchouc et installation d'exploitation de ce procede
DE4337421C1 (de) * 1993-11-03 1995-01-12 Hans Dr Reimer Mehrstufige Hochtemperaturverbrennung von Abfallstoffen mit Inertbestandteilen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
US6571747B1 (en) 1999-03-26 2003-06-03 Michael Prestel Method and device for producing energy or methanol
EP1175472B1 (fr) * 1999-03-26 2004-01-28 Prestel, Michael Procede et dispositif permettant de produire de l'energie ou du methanol
CN108410504A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-08-17 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 煤预处理装置和锅炉
CN108410504B (zh) * 2018-03-30 2024-05-31 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 煤预处理装置和锅炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0257018A3 (fr) 1988-10-05
NO873392L (no) 1988-02-15
ATA220286A (de) 1989-10-15
AT390445B (de) 1990-05-10
NO873392D0 (no) 1987-08-12

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