EP0255623B1 - Separating device for suspensions - Google Patents

Separating device for suspensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255623B1
EP0255623B1 EP87110032A EP87110032A EP0255623B1 EP 0255623 B1 EP0255623 B1 EP 0255623B1 EP 87110032 A EP87110032 A EP 87110032A EP 87110032 A EP87110032 A EP 87110032A EP 0255623 B1 EP0255623 B1 EP 0255623B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filtrate
annular chamber
lateral
drum
disposed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87110032A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0255623A3 (en
EP0255623A2 (en
Inventor
Paul Dr.-Ing. Franzen
Günther Ing. Hultsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mannesmann Demag Krauss Maffei GmbH
Original Assignee
Krauss Maffei AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Krauss Maffei AG filed Critical Krauss Maffei AG
Priority to AT87110032T priority Critical patent/ATE87506T1/en
Publication of EP0255623A2 publication Critical patent/EP0255623A2/en
Publication of EP0255623A3 publication Critical patent/EP0255623A3/en
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Publication of EP0255623B1 publication Critical patent/EP0255623B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/08—Skimmers or scrapers for discharging ; Regulating thereof
    • B04B11/082—Skimmers for discharging liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating suspensions.
  • a device of this type is known from DE-A-2 603 619.
  • annular chamber In drum centrifuges for separating suspensions, it is known (DE-A-2 603 619) to arrange an annular chamber on the side of the drum base which is connected to a lateral filter medium.
  • the annular chamber can also be connected to the filter means of the drum shell (US-A-1 761 593).
  • the lateral annular chamber is emptied by means of a peeling tube which is pivotably mounted parallel to the axis of the drum.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a separating device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables both a short filtration period and a short drying spin time.
  • two separate lateral annular chambers are provided, which for the first time combine the possibility of backwashing both filter media with the possibility of removing side filtrate during the main filtration
  • a siphon effect can be generated for the dry spin process by lowering the liquid level in the annular chamber for jacket filtrate to such an extent that an additional pressure difference is effective to accelerate the filtration.
  • the greatest effect can be achieved if the collecting space for the jacket filtrate between the drum jacket and the filter medium is connected to a room with lower pressure levels (e.g. atmospheric pressure) and the centrifugal housing, which is sealed on all sides, is pressurized with a gaseous pressure medium of e.g. 2 to 4 bar overpressure.
  • the centrifuge drum designated by 10 in FIG. 1 is rotatably supported with its shaft 11 about a horizontal axis 12.
  • Filter means 15 and 17 are attached to the drum jacket 13 and the drum base 14 in such a way that a collecting space 16 is present between the drum base 14 and filter means 17 and a collection space 18 is provided between the drum jacket 13 and filter means 15.
  • the centrifuge drum 10 On the end face opposite the drum base 14, the centrifuge drum 10 has an opening 28 which serves for filling with suspension before the start of the filtration and for discharging the solids retained by the filter means 15, 17 after the filtration has taken place.
  • 1 shows the state at the start of the filtration: the suspension consisting of filtrate liquid 20 and solids 21 is filled almost up to the height B (FIG. 2) of the rim 19 between the drum jacket 13 and the drum opening 28, the centrifuge drum 10 having a high rotational speed is rotated about the axis 12.
  • the filtrate liquid 20 essentially flows through the lateral filter medium 17 into the collecting space 16 located behind it.
  • a further part of the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the layer of solids 21 referred to as filter cake and flows through the jacket-side filter medium 15 into the one below located collection space 18. Since fine-grained sediment can separate very quickly from the filtrate liquid 20 located on the filter cake, the path of the filtrate liquid 20 through the filter cake may be made more difficult.
  • annular chamber 22 for side filtrate and an annular chamber 24 for jacket filtrate on the side next to the drum base 14. 2, the annular chamber 24 has been omitted for simplification.
  • the annular chamber 22 is arranged closer to the drum base 14 than the annular chamber 24, such that the bottom of the annular chamber 22 is located radially inside the bottom of the annular chamber 24.
  • “radial” is always understood to refer to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10.
  • the annular chamber 22 is connected to the collecting space 16 via a bore 23 in the drum bottom 14.
  • a valve consisting of valve ball 29 and valve seat 30 is arranged within bore 23 to shut off collecting space 16 while drum 10 is being filled with suspension.
  • the valve 29/30 can be controlled hydrostatically in such a way that liquid is poured into the annular chamber 22, the level of this barrier liquid lying above the radially inner edge of the lateral filter medium 17, so that the hydrostatic pressure of the barrier liquid against the filter medium 17 is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the suspension.
  • a peeling tube 26 is used, which is pivotably mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10 and can be pivoted into the annular chamber 22 with its front mouthpiece 26a or pivoted out of the annular chamber 22. Liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 via the peeling tube 26; However, it is better if a separate tube 25 (FIG. 2) is provided for this purpose, which is guided axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 and projects into the annular chamber 22 with its bent spout end.
  • rinsing liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 and from there through the opened bore 23 against the filter medium 17, after the filtration process has ended when the filter cake has been removed from the filter medium 15, 17 Backwash filter media 17.
  • the annular chamber 24 for the jacket filtrate is behind the collecting chamber 18 via a bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 or, as indicated by the dashed line, through a bore 25b in the drum bottom 14 the jacket-side filter means 15 connected.
  • the bore 25b runs essentially parallel to the drum jacket 13 and in the example shown opens into the annular chamber 24 at a radially relatively high point, since the annular chamber 24 has its radially lowest point below the drum jacket 13 because of the alternatively provided bore 25a.
  • Such a deep positioning of the annular chamber 24 is not necessary in the case of the bore 25b; rather, in this embodiment, the annular chamber 24 can be positioned so that the bore 25b opens at the bottom of the annular chamber 24.
  • a siphon is formed by the positioning of the annular chamber 24 shown in FIG. 1, the bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 running at an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° to the axis of rotation 12 and opening at the deep bottom of the annular chamber 24.
  • a liquid level must be present in the annular chamber in the manner shown, which just barely completely covers the mouth of the obliquely running bore 25a.
  • the radial difference between this liquid level and the surface of the jacket-side filter means 15 acts as an additional pressure difference to accelerate the filtration during the dry spin.
  • Dry spinning begins as soon as the level of the filtrate liquid 20 has entered the filter cake (layer of solids 21), which is the case when the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the filter medium 17 as a side filtrate and as a jacket filtrate (to a much lesser extent than the side filtrate) has been separated off via the filter medium 15.
  • the filtrate liquid flowing off during dry centrifugation reaches the annular chamber 24 essentially as a jacket filtrate.
  • a further peeling pipe 27 is pivotally mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12, which has its mouthpiece 27a can be pivoted into the annular chamber 24 or pivoted out of the annular chamber 24.
  • a rinsing liquid can be introduced into the annular chamber 24 via the peeling tube 27 after completion of the filtration in order to backwash the filter medium 15 on the jacket side.
  • the filter means 17 provided for the side filtration are preferably designed as round discs which, in the case of FIG. 3, are arranged in a circle on the drum base 14 in a uniform distribution.
  • Each disc consists of 5 and 6 can be seen, from a support frame 31 which is wheel-shaped with a central hub 31a.
  • a screw 33 is passed through the hub 31a and is screwed into a threaded bore 14a of the drum base 14.
  • the support frame 31 is sealed against the drum base 14 at its circumferential area by means of an inserted sealing ring 35.
  • the frame construction of the subframe 31 allows four segment windows to be created, in which the filter means 17 is correspondingly attached in the form of a segment.
  • a corrugated support grid 32 is attached between each filter segment and the surface of the drum base 14, whereby the inflation of the filter medium 17 during backwashing is kept within limits and at the same time an unimpeded outflow of the side filtrate into the annular chamber 22 is ensured.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 A further embodiment of the filter means 17 is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • a support frame 31 made of castable or sprayable plastic is provided, which has segment-like recesses of different shapes, in which the filter means 17 are used in the same way as for the rounds according to FIGS. 5 and 6, which in turn are supported on support grids 32.
  • an annular groove 14b is formed in the drum base 14, into which the support frames 31 are inserted flush with the surface of the drum base 14.
  • fastening screws 33 are provided, which push through each support frame 31 at two widened locations and are screwed into associated holes in the drum base 14.
  • the support frame 31 is sealed by means of sealing beads 35a, which are inserted between the end faces of the support frame 31 and the flanks of the groove 14b. Such sealing beads can optionally be dispensed with if the support frames 31 are made of a material of high elasticity.
  • the rule of thumb for the dimensioning of the filter means 17 in the segments of the support frame 31 is that the total area of the filter means 17 relative to the total area of the drum shell 13 is in the range between about 1:20 and about 1:60.

Abstract

In order to achieve both a short filtration time and a short spin drying time in a separating device with a centrifuge drum, it is proposed to drain the jacket filtrate and the side filtrate from separate lateral annular chambers in the centrifuge drum. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Suspensionen. Eine Vorrichtung dieser Art ist aus der DE-A-2 603 619 bekannt.The invention relates to a device for separating suspensions. A device of this type is known from DE-A-2 603 619.

Bei Trommelzentrifugen zum Trennen von Suspensionen ist es bekannt ( DE-A-2 603 619 ), eine Ringkammer seitlich am Trommelboden anzuordnen, welche mit einem seitlichen Filtermittel in Verbindung steht. Alternativ hierzu kann die Ringkammer auch mit dem Filtermittel des Trommelmantels in Verbindung stehen ( US-A-1 761 593). In jedem Falle wird die seitliche Ringkammer durch ein achsparallel zur Trommelachse schwenkbar gelagertes Schälrohr entleert.In drum centrifuges for separating suspensions, it is known (DE-A-2 603 619) to arrange an annular chamber on the side of the drum base which is connected to a lateral filter medium. As an alternative to this, the annular chamber can also be connected to the filter means of the drum shell (US-A-1 761 593). In any case, the lateral annular chamber is emptied by means of a peeling tube which is pivotably mounted parallel to the axis of the drum.

Bei Verwendung einer Ringkammer für Seitenfiltrat ( DE-A-2 603 619 ) läßt sich zu Beginn der Hauptfilterung die über dem Filterkuchen befindliche Flüssigkeit relativ rasch entfernen. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß die für die Entfernung der Restflüssigkeit erforderliche Mantelfiltration ( sog. Trockenschleudervorgang ) nur relativ langsam erfolgt, wenn das Filtermittel für die Mantelfiltration und die nach dem Austragen des Feststoffes darauf verbliebene Restschicht nicht regeneriert werden. Eine solche Regeneration läßt sich bei Verwendung einer Ringkammer für Mantelfiltrat ( US-A-1 761 593 ) dadurch erzielen, daß in die Ringkammer Rückspülflüssigkeit eingefüllt wird, welche in Gegenrichtung bezüglich des Mantelfiltrates durch das Filtermittel hindurchfließt. Dieser Vorteil wird jedoch dadurch erkauft, daß die über dem Filterkuchen befindliche Flüssigkeit nur sehr langsam durch den Filterkuchen und die sich darauf ablagernde Sedimentschicht zum Filtermittel hindurchdringt, wodurch die Filtrationsdauer entsprechend groß ist.When using an annular chamber for side filtrate (DE-A-2 603 619), the liquid located above the filter cake can be removed relatively quickly at the beginning of the main filtering. However, it has been shown that the jacket filtration required for the removal of the residual liquid (so-called dry spin process) takes place only relatively slowly if the filter medium for the jacket filtration and the residual layer remaining thereon after the solid has been discharged are not regenerated. Such regeneration can be achieved when using an annular chamber for jacket filtrate (US-A-1 761 593) by filling backflushing liquid into the annular chamber, which flows through the filter medium in the opposite direction with respect to the jacket filtrate. However, this advantage is paid for by the fact that the liquid located above the filter cake only penetrates very slowly through the filter cake and the sediment layer deposited thereon to the filter medium, as a result of which the filtration time is correspondingly long.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht demgegenüber darin, eine Trennvorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen,welche sowohl eine kurze Filtrationsdauer als auch eine kurze Trockenschleuderzeit ermöglicht.In contrast, the object of the invention is to provide a separating device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables both a short filtration period and a short drying spin time.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind zwei getrennte seitliche Ringkammern vorgesehen, welche erstmalig die Möglichkeit der Rückspülung beider Filtermittel mit der Möglichkeit des Abzugs von Seitenfiltrat während der Hauptfiltration vereinigen.In besonders günstiger Weise kann dabei für das Trockenschleudern ein Syphoneffekt dadurch erzeugt werden, daß der Flüssigkeitsspiegel in der Ringkammer für Mantelfiltrat soweit abgesenkt wird, daß eine zusätzliche Druckdifferenz zur Beschleunigung der Filtration wirksam wird. Die größte Wirkung läßt sich dann erzielen, wenn der Sammelraum für das Mantelfiltrat zwischen Trommelmantel und Filtermittel an einen Raum geringeren Druckniveaus ( z.B. Atmosphärendruck ) angeschlossen und das allseits abgedichtete Zentrifugengehäuse mit einem gasförmigen Druckmedium von z.B. 2 bis 4 bar Überdruck beaufschlagt wird.To solve this problem, two separate lateral annular chambers are provided, which for the first time combine the possibility of backwashing both filter media with the possibility of removing side filtrate during the main filtration A siphon effect can be generated for the dry spin process by lowering the liquid level in the annular chamber for jacket filtrate to such an extent that an additional pressure difference is effective to accelerate the filtration. The greatest effect can be achieved if the collecting space for the jacket filtrate between the drum jacket and the filter medium is connected to a room with lower pressure levels (e.g. atmospheric pressure) and the centrifugal housing, which is sealed on all sides, is pressurized with a gaseous pressure medium of e.g. 2 to 4 bar overpressure.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an der in den Zeichnungen veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt durch die untere Hälfte eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifugentrommel;
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifugentrommel, wobei zur Vereinfachung die zweite Ringkammer für das Mantelfiltrat weggelassen ist;
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt längs der Schnittlinie III - III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
ein Detail der Ringkammer für das Seitenfiltrat, das in Fig. 2 mit einem strichpunktierten Kreis IV markiert ist;
Fign. 5 und 7
Detailschnitte durch Ausführungsformen für Filtermittel für das Seitenfiltrat, und
Fign. 6 und 8
Draufsichten auf die Filtermittel gemäß Fig. 5 bzw. 7.
The invention is explained in more detail below using the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a section through the lower half of a first embodiment of a centrifuge drum according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a section through a further embodiment of a centrifuge drum according to the invention, the second annular chamber for the jacket filtrate being omitted for simplification;
Fig. 3
a section along the section line III - III in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
a detail of the annular chamber for the side filtrate, which in Fig. 2 with a dash-dotted circle IV is marked;
Fig. 5 and 7
Detailed sections through embodiments for filter media for the side filtrate, and
Fig. 6 and 8
Top views of the filter means according to FIGS. 5 and 7.

Die in Fig. 1 mit 10 bezeichnete Zentrifugentrommel ist mit ihrer Welle 11 um eine horizontale Achse 12 drehbar gelagert. Am Trommelmantel 13 sowie am Trommelboden 14 sind Filtermittel 15 bzw. 17 so angebracht, daß zwischen Trommelboden 14 und Filtermittel 17 ein Sammelraum 16 sowie zwischen Trommelmantel 13 und Filtermittel 15 ein Sammelraum 18 vorhanden ist.The centrifuge drum designated by 10 in FIG. 1 is rotatably supported with its shaft 11 about a horizontal axis 12. Filter means 15 and 17 are attached to the drum jacket 13 and the drum base 14 in such a way that a collecting space 16 is present between the drum base 14 and filter means 17 and a collection space 18 is provided between the drum jacket 13 and filter means 15.

An der dem Trommelboden 14 gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite weist die Zentrifugentrommel 10 eine Öffnung 28 auf, welche zur Befüllung mit Suspension vor dem Beginn der Filtration sowie zum Austragen der von den Filtermitteln 15, 17 zurückgehaltenen Feststoffenach erfolgter Filtration dient. In Fig. 1 ist der Zustand bei Beginn der Filtration dargestellt: Die aus Filtratflüssigkeit 20 und Feststoffen 21 bestehende Suspension wird fast bis zur Höhe B ( Fig. 2 ) des Bordrandes 19 zwischen Trommelmantel 13 und Trommelöffnung 28 eingefüllt, wobei die Zentrifugentrommel 10 mit hoher Drehzahl um die Achse 12 rotiert wird. Bei der dann einsetzenden Hauptfiltration fließt die Filtratflüssigkeit 20 im wesentlichen durch das seitliche Filtermittel 17 in den dahinter befindlichen Sammelraum 16. Ein weiterer Teil der Filtratflüssigkeit 20 tritt durch die als Filterkuchen bezeichnete Schicht aus Feststoffen 21 hindurch und fließt durch das mantelseitige Filtermittel 15 in den darunter befindlichen Sammelraum 18. Da sich auf dem Filterkuchen sehr rasch feinkörniges Sediment aus der darüber befindlichen Filtratflüssigkeit 20 abscheiden kann, wird der Weg der Filtratflüssigkeit 20 durch den Filterkuchen hindurch u.U. zusätzlich erschwert.On the end face opposite the drum base 14, the centrifuge drum 10 has an opening 28 which serves for filling with suspension before the start of the filtration and for discharging the solids retained by the filter means 15, 17 after the filtration has taken place. 1 shows the state at the start of the filtration: the suspension consisting of filtrate liquid 20 and solids 21 is filled almost up to the height B (FIG. 2) of the rim 19 between the drum jacket 13 and the drum opening 28, the centrifuge drum 10 having a high rotational speed is rotated about the axis 12. When the main filtration then begins, the filtrate liquid 20 essentially flows through the lateral filter medium 17 into the collecting space 16 located behind it. A further part of the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the layer of solids 21 referred to as filter cake and flows through the jacket-side filter medium 15 into the one below located collection space 18. Since fine-grained sediment can separate very quickly from the filtrate liquid 20 located on the filter cake, the path of the filtrate liquid 20 through the filter cake may be made more difficult.

Aus Vorstehendem erkennt man, daß praktisch nur der mit Filtratflüssigkeit 20 in Berührung stehende Teil des seitlichen Filtermittels 17 bei dem Hauptschleudervorgang wirksam ist. Andererseits besteht die Gefahr, daß die noch mit Sediment behaftete Filtratflüssigkeit 20 bereits wahrend der Befüllung der Trommel 10 durch die seitlichen Filtermittel 17 hindurchläuft, so daß sich sedimentiertes Seitenfiltrat in dem Sammelraum 16 befinden würde. Aus diesem Grund hat man bisher davon abgesehen, die seitlichen Filtermittel 17 außerhalb des Filterkuchens zu positionieren. Eine solche, in Fig. 1 vorgesehene Positionierung der seitlichen Filtermittel 17 wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß der Sammelraum 16 in noch näher zu erläuternder Weise während der Befüllung der Trommel 10 mit Suspension absperrbar ist. Damit läßt sich die radial äußere Kante des seitlichen Filtermittels 17 in einem radialen Abstand zum mantelseitigen Filtermittel 15 positionieren. Dieser in Fig. 2 mit "H" bezeichnete radiale Abstand liegt im Bereich von etwa 20% bis etwa 60% der Höhe B des Bordrandes 19.From the above it can be seen that practically only that part of the lateral filter means 17 which is in contact with filtrate liquid 20 is effective in the main centrifuging process. On the other hand, there is a risk that the filtrate liquid 20, which is still sedimented, already runs through the lateral filter means 17 during the filling of the drum 10, so that sedimented side filtrate would be in the collecting space 16. For this reason, it has hitherto been avoided to position the lateral filter means 17 outside the filter cake. Such a positioning of the lateral filter means 17 provided in FIG. 1 is made possible in that the collecting space 16 can be blocked off in a manner to be explained in more detail while the drum 10 is being filled with suspension. This allows the radially outer edge of the lateral filter means 17 at a radial distance from the jacket side Position filter medium 15. This radial distance, designated "H" in FIG. 2, is in the range from approximately 20% to approximately 60% of the height B of the rim 19.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ferner ersichtlich ist, befinden sich seitlich neben dem Trommelboden 14 eine Ringkammer 22 für Seitenfiltrat und eine Ringkammer 24 für Mantelfiltrat. In Fig. 2 ist die Ringkammer 24 zur Vereinfachung weggelassen. Die Ringkammer 22 ist dabei näher am Trommelboden 14 angeordnet als die Ringkammer 24, derart, daß sich der Boden der Ringkammer 22 radial innerhalb des Bodens der Ringkammer 24 befindet. Unter "radial" wird vorliegend stets der Bezug zur Rotationsachse 12 der Trommel 10 verstanden.As can also be seen from FIG. 1, there is an annular chamber 22 for side filtrate and an annular chamber 24 for jacket filtrate on the side next to the drum base 14. 2, the annular chamber 24 has been omitted for simplification. The annular chamber 22 is arranged closer to the drum base 14 than the annular chamber 24, such that the bottom of the annular chamber 22 is located radially inside the bottom of the annular chamber 24. In the present case, “radial” is always understood to refer to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10.

Im Bereich ihres Bodens ist die Ringkammer 22 über eine Bohrung 23 in dem Trommelboden 14 mit dem Sammelraum 16 verbunden. Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, ist innerhalb der Bohrung 23 ein aus Ventilkugel 29 und Ventilsitz 30 bestehendes Ventil zum Absperren des Sammelraums 16 während der Befüllung der Trommel 10 mit Suspension angeordnet. Das Ventil 29/30 ist hydrostatisch in der Weise steuerbar, daß in die Ringkammer 22 Flüssigkeit eingefüllt wird, wobei der Spiegel dieser Sperrflüssigkeit über der radial inneren Kante des seitlichen Filtermittels 17 liegt, so daß der hydrostatische Druck der Sperrflüssigkeit gegen das Filtermittel 17 größer ist als der hydrostatische Druck der Suspension.In the area of its bottom, the annular chamber 22 is connected to the collecting space 16 via a bore 23 in the drum bottom 14. As shown in FIG. 4, a valve consisting of valve ball 29 and valve seat 30 is arranged within bore 23 to shut off collecting space 16 while drum 10 is being filled with suspension. The valve 29/30 can be controlled hydrostatically in such a way that liquid is poured into the annular chamber 22, the level of this barrier liquid lying above the radially inner edge of the lateral filter medium 17, so that the hydrostatic pressure of the barrier liquid against the filter medium 17 is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the suspension.

Zum Entleeren der Ringkammer 22 dient ein Schälrohr 26, welches achsparallel zur Rotationsachse 12 der Trommel 10 schwenkbar gelagert ist und mit seinem vorderen Mundstück 26a in die Ringkammer 22 eingeschwenkt oder aus der Ringkammer 22 herausgeschwenkt werden kann. Über das Schälrohr 26 läßt sich auch Flüssigkeit in die Ringkammer 22 eintragen; besser ist es jedoch, wenn hierfür ein gesondertes Rohr 25 ( Fig. 2 ) vorgesehen wird, welches achsparallel zur Rotationsachse 12 geführt ist und mit seinem abgekröpften Ausgußende in die Ringkammer 22 hineinragt. Über das Rohr 25 läßt sich außer der schon erwähnten Sperrflüssigkeit auch Spülflüssigkeit in die Ringkammer 22 und von dort durch die geöffnete Bohrung 23 gegen das Filtermittel 17 einbringen, um nach Abschluß des Filtrationsvorganges, wenn der Filterkuchen von den Filtermitteln 15, 17 entfernt ist, das Filtermittel 17 rückzuspülen.To empty the annular chamber 22, a peeling tube 26 is used, which is pivotably mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10 and can be pivoted into the annular chamber 22 with its front mouthpiece 26a or pivoted out of the annular chamber 22. Liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 via the peeling tube 26; However, it is better if a separate tube 25 (FIG. 2) is provided for this purpose, which is guided axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 and projects into the annular chamber 22 with its bent spout end. Via the pipe 25, in addition to the barrier liquid already mentioned, rinsing liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 and from there through the opened bore 23 against the filter medium 17, after the filtration process has ended when the filter cake has been removed from the filter medium 15, 17 Backwash filter media 17.

Die Ringkammer 24 für das Mantelfiltrat ist über eine Bohrung 25a im Trommelmantel 13 oder, wie durch den gestrichelten Verlauf angedeutet ist, durch eine Bohrung 25b im Trommelboden 14 mit dem Sammelraum 18 hinter dem mantelseitigen Filtermittel 15 verbunden. Die Bohrung 25b verläuft im wesentlichen parallel zum Trommelmantel 13 und mündet im gezeigten Beispielsfall an einer radial relativ hohen Stelle in die Ringkammer 24, da die Ringkammer 24 wegen der alternativ vorgesehenen Bohrung 25a ihre radial tiefste Stelle unterhalb des Trommelmantels 13 hat. Eine derart tiefliegende Positionierung der Ringkammer 24 ist im Falle der Bohrung 25b nicht erforderlich; vielmehr kann in diesem Ausführungsfalle die Ringkammer 24 so positioniert werden, daß die Bohrung 25b am Boden der Ringkammer 24 mündet.The annular chamber 24 for the jacket filtrate is behind the collecting chamber 18 via a bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 or, as indicated by the dashed line, through a bore 25b in the drum bottom 14 the jacket-side filter means 15 connected. The bore 25b runs essentially parallel to the drum jacket 13 and in the example shown opens into the annular chamber 24 at a radially relatively high point, since the annular chamber 24 has its radially lowest point below the drum jacket 13 because of the alternatively provided bore 25a. Such a deep positioning of the annular chamber 24 is not necessary in the case of the bore 25b; rather, in this embodiment, the annular chamber 24 can be positioned so that the bore 25b opens at the bottom of the annular chamber 24.

Durch die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Positionierung der Ringkammer 24 wird ein Syphon gebildet,wobei die Bohrung 25a im Trommelmantel 13 unter einem Winkel von 30° bis 60° zur Rotationsachse 12 verläuft und am tiefliegenden Boden der Ringkammer 24 mündet. Um einen Syphoneffekt zu erzielen, muß in der Ringkammer ein Flüssigkeitsspiegel in der gezeigten Weise vorhanden sein, welcher die Mündung der schräg verlaufenden Bohrung 25a gerade noch vollständig bedeckt hält. Die radiale Differenz zwischen diesem Flüssigkeitsspiegel und der Oberfläche des mantelseitigen Filtermittels 15 wirkt als zusätzliche Druckdifferenz zur Beschleunigung der Filtration beim Trockenschleudern. Das Trockenschleudern beginnt, sobald der Spiegel der Filtratflüssigkeit 20 in den Filterkuchen ( Schicht von Feststoffen 21 ) eingetreten ist, was dann der Fall ist, wenn die Filtratflüssigkeit 20 als Seitenfiltrat über das Filtermittel 17 und als Mantelfiltrat ( in wesentlich geringerem Umfang als das Seitenfiltrat ) über das Filtermittel 15 abgetrennt worden ist. Die beim Trockenschleudern abfließende Filtratflüssigkeit gelangt im wesentlichen als Mantelfiltrat in die Ringkammer 24. Zum Entleeren der Ringkammer 24 und zur Steuerung des für den Syphoneffekt wesentlichen Flüssigkeitsspiegels in der Ringkammer 24 ist achsparallel zur Rotationsachse 12 ein weiteren Schälrohr 27 schwenkbar gelagert, welches mit seinem Mündstück 27a in die Ringkammer 24 hineingeschwenkt oder aus der Ringkammer 24 herausgeschwenkt werden kann. In gleicher Weise wie für die Ringkammer 22 kann über das Schälrohr 27 eine Spülflüssigkeit in die Ringkammer 24 nach Abschluß der Filtration eingebracht werden, um das mantelseitige Filtermittel 15 rückzuspülen.A siphon is formed by the positioning of the annular chamber 24 shown in FIG. 1, the bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 running at an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° to the axis of rotation 12 and opening at the deep bottom of the annular chamber 24. In order to achieve a siphon effect, a liquid level must be present in the annular chamber in the manner shown, which just barely completely covers the mouth of the obliquely running bore 25a. The radial difference between this liquid level and the surface of the jacket-side filter means 15 acts as an additional pressure difference to accelerate the filtration during the dry spin. Dry spinning begins as soon as the level of the filtrate liquid 20 has entered the filter cake (layer of solids 21), which is the case when the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the filter medium 17 as a side filtrate and as a jacket filtrate (to a much lesser extent than the side filtrate) has been separated off via the filter medium 15. The filtrate liquid flowing off during dry centrifugation reaches the annular chamber 24 essentially as a jacket filtrate. To empty the annular chamber 24 and to control the liquid level in the annular chamber 24, which is essential for the siphon effect, a further peeling pipe 27 is pivotally mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12, which has its mouthpiece 27a can be pivoted into the annular chamber 24 or pivoted out of the annular chamber 24. In the same way as for the annular chamber 22, a rinsing liquid can be introduced into the annular chamber 24 via the peeling tube 27 after completion of the filtration in order to backwash the filter medium 15 on the jacket side.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte bauliche Vereinigung zweier Ringkammern 22, 24 gestattet somit eine optimale Gestaltung der Filtration mit minimalen Zeiten für die Hauptfiltration (Abzug der Flüssigkeit 20) und den Trockenschleudervorgang. Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, daß sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifugentrommel gegenüber Zentrifugentrommeln nach dem Stand der Technik die Hauptfiltrationsdauer von etwa 7500s auf 250s verkürzen läßt, wenn der Filterkuchen einen großen Widerstand hat.The structural union of two annular chambers 22, 24 shown in FIG. 1 thus allows an optimal design of the filtration with minimal times for the main filtration (removal of the liquid 20) and the dry spin process. Practical tests have shown that the centrifuge drum according to the invention can shorten the main filtration period from about 7500s to 250s compared to centrifuge drums according to the prior art if the filter cake has a high resistance.

Die für die Seitenfiltration vorgesehenen Filtermittel 17 sind, wie die Figuren 3 bis 6 zeigen, vorzugsweise als Ronden ausgebildet, welche im Falle von Fig. 3 in gleichmäßiger Verteilung kreisförmig auf dem Trommelboden 14 angeordnet sind. Jede Ronde besteht, wie aus den Figuren 5 und 6 ersichtlich ist, aus einem Tragrahmen 31, welcher radförmig mit einer zentralen Nabe 31a ausgebildet ist. Durch die Nabe 31a ist eine Schraube 33 hindurchgeführt, welche in eine Gewindebohrung 14a des Trommelbodens 14 eingeschraubt ist. Der Tragrahmen 31 ist über einen eingelegten Dichtring 35 an seinem Umfangsbereich gegen den Trommelboden 14 abgedichtet. Die Rahmenkonstruktion des Trangrahmens 31 läßt vier Segmentfenster entstehen, in welchen das Filtermittel 17 entsprechend segmentförmig angesetzt ist. Dabei ist zwischen jedem Filtersegment und der Oberfläche des Trommelbodens 14 ein gewelltes Stützgitter 32 angebracht, wodurch die Aufblähung des Filtermittels 17 beim Rückspülen in Grenzen gehalten wird und gleichzeitig ein ungehinderter Abfluß des Seitenfiltrats in die Ringkammer 22 gewährleistet wird.As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the filter means 17 provided for the side filtration are preferably designed as round discs which, in the case of FIG. 3, are arranged in a circle on the drum base 14 in a uniform distribution. Each disc consists of 5 and 6 can be seen, from a support frame 31 which is wheel-shaped with a central hub 31a. A screw 33 is passed through the hub 31a and is screwed into a threaded bore 14a of the drum base 14. The support frame 31 is sealed against the drum base 14 at its circumferential area by means of an inserted sealing ring 35. The frame construction of the subframe 31 allows four segment windows to be created, in which the filter means 17 is correspondingly attached in the form of a segment. In this case, a corrugated support grid 32 is attached between each filter segment and the surface of the drum base 14, whereby the inflation of the filter medium 17 during backwashing is kept within limits and at the same time an unimpeded outflow of the side filtrate into the annular chamber 22 is ensured.

Eine weitere Ausbildung des Filtermittels 17 ist in den Figuren 7 und 8 veranschaulicht. Auch hier ist ein aus gieß- oder spritzbarem Kunststoff gefertigter Tragrahmen 31 vorgesehen, welcher segmentartige Aussparungen unterschiedlicher Form aufweist, in denen in gleicher Weise wie bei den Ronden gemäß Fign 5 und 6 die Filtermittel 17 eingesetzt sind, die sich wiederum auf Stützgittern 32 abstützen. Zur Befestigung der auf einer Ringzone aneinandergrenzend angeordneten Tragrahmen 31 ist in dem Trommelboden 14 eine Ringnut 14b ausgebildet, in welche die Tragrahmen 31 bündig zur Oberfläche des Trommelbodens 14 eingesetzt sind. Ferner sind Befestigungsschrauben 33 vorgesehen, welche jeden Tragrahmen 31 an zwei verbreiterten Stellen durchsetzen und in zugeordnete Bohrungen des Trommelbodens 14 eingeschraubt sind. Die Abdichtung der Tragrahmen 31 erfolgt mittels Dichtwülste 35a, welche zwischen den Stirnflächen des Tragrahmens 31 und den Flanken der Nut 14b eingelegt sind. Auf solche Dichtwülste kann gegebenenfalls verzichtet werden, wenn die Tragrahmen 31 aus einem Material hoher Elastizität hergestellt sind.A further embodiment of the filter means 17 is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. Here too, a support frame 31 made of castable or sprayable plastic is provided, which has segment-like recesses of different shapes, in which the filter means 17 are used in the same way as for the rounds according to FIGS. 5 and 6, which in turn are supported on support grids 32. To fasten the support frames 31 arranged adjacent to one another in an annular zone, an annular groove 14b is formed in the drum base 14, into which the support frames 31 are inserted flush with the surface of the drum base 14. Furthermore, fastening screws 33 are provided, which push through each support frame 31 at two widened locations and are screwed into associated holes in the drum base 14. The support frame 31 is sealed by means of sealing beads 35a, which are inserted between the end faces of the support frame 31 and the flanks of the groove 14b. Such sealing beads can optionally be dispensed with if the support frames 31 are made of a material of high elasticity.

Für die Bemessung der Filtermittel 17 in den Segmenten des Tragrahmens 31 gilt die Faustregel, daß die Gesamtfläche der Filtermittel 17 relativ zur Gesamtfläche des Trommelmantels 13 im Bereich zwischen etwa 1:20 und etwa 1:60 liegt.The rule of thumb for the dimensioning of the filter means 17 in the segments of the support frame 31 is that the total area of the filter means 17 relative to the total area of the drum shell 13 is in the range between about 1:20 and about 1:60.

Claims (10)

  1. An apparatus for separating suspensions, with a centrifuge drum (10) provided on its outer surface with filter means (15) through which a filtrate can flow, the filtrate being capable of being discharged from an annular chamber (24) which is connected to a collecting chamber (18), the centrifuge drum (10) being provided at least over a portion of its lateral surface with filter means (17) through which a lateral filtrate can flow which can be discharged from a lateral annular chamber (22) which communicates with a collecting chamber (16) provided for the lateral filtrate between the drum bottom (14) and the filter means (17), characterised in that
    - the collecting chamber (18) for the filtrate from the outer shell is disposed between the drum shell (13) and the associated filter means (15),
    - the filtrate from the outer shell is carried away through a lateral annular chamber (24) which
    - is disposed laterally of the annular chamber (22) for the lateral filtrate so that the bottom of the annular chamber (22) is disposed within the bottom of the annular chamber (24) for the filtrate from the outer shell and
    - the collecting chamber (16) for the lateral filtrate can be shut off while the drum (10) is being filled with suspension.
  2. An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that for discharging the filtrate from the outer shell and from the side, skimming tubes (26, 27) are provided which are mounted to pivot axially parallel with the centrifuge drum (10) and which have front mouthpieces (26a, 27a) adapted to pivot into whichever is the associated annular chamber (22 or 24).
  3. An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lateral annular chambers (22, 24) are disposed in the bottom (14) of the centrifuge drum (10).
  4. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the annular chamber (22) for the lateral filtrate is disposed more closely to the drum bottom (14) than is the annular chamber (24) for the filtrate from the outer shell, the bottom of the annular chamber (22) for the lateral filtrate being disposed radially within the bottom of the annular chamber (24) for the filtrate from the outer shell.
  5. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the annular chamber (24) for the filtrate from the outer shell communicates with the collecting chamber (18) through a bore (25a, 25b) which extends either substantially parallel with the drum shell (13) or at an angle thereto.
  6. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that into at least one (22) of the annular chambers (22, 24) a flushing liquid can be introduced for flushing back the filter medium (17) which communicates with the relevant annular chamber (22).
  7. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in a bore (23) between the annular chamber (22) for the lateral filtrate and a further collecting chamber (16) disposed between the drum bottom (14) and the lateral filter medium (17) there is a valve (29, 30) which can be closed under hydrostatic pressure, the relevant bore (23) opening out into the radially lowest portion of the annular chamber (22) (Fig. 4).
  8. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that between the filter medium (17) for lateral filtration and the filter medium (15) for outer shell filtration there is a radial gap (H) which is in the range between about 20% and about 60% of the height (B) of a marginal ring (19) disposed between the drum shell (13) and the lateral filling aperture (28) (Fig. 2).
  9. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the overall area of the filter medium (17) for lateral filtration is in the range between about 1:20 and 1:60 in relation to the overall area of the drum shell (13).
  10. An apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the filter medium (17) for lateral filtration is supported in a supporting frame (31) in which a plurality of filter segments are formed (see Figs 5 to 8).
EP87110032A 1986-08-02 1987-07-11 Separating device for suspensions Expired - Lifetime EP0255623B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87110032T ATE87506T1 (en) 1986-08-02 1987-07-11 DEVICE FOR SEPARATING SUSPENSIONS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3626314 1986-08-02
DE3626314A DE3626314C2 (en) 1986-08-02 1986-08-02 Device for separating suspensions

Publications (3)

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EP0255623A2 EP0255623A2 (en) 1988-02-10
EP0255623A3 EP0255623A3 (en) 1989-12-06
EP0255623B1 true EP0255623B1 (en) 1993-03-31

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EP87110032A Expired - Lifetime EP0255623B1 (en) 1986-08-02 1987-07-11 Separating device for suspensions

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US (1) US4895666A (en)
EP (1) EP0255623B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0720559B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE87506T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3626314C2 (en)

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DE4101498A1 (en) * 1991-01-19 1992-07-23 Krupp Buckau Maschinenbau Gmbh FILTER CENTRIFUGE
US5149432A (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-09-22 Aaron Lavin Centrifuge for separating liquids of different specific gravities
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DE10114598A1 (en) * 2001-03-23 2002-10-02 Aventis Pharma Gmbh CIP-compliant design of a horizontal centrifuge with a solid jacket drum
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US7686965B2 (en) * 2006-05-31 2010-03-30 Cook Melvin W Centrifugal fluid filtration devices, systems and methods
US8685258B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2014-04-01 Fenwal, Inc. Systems and methods for conveying multiple blood components to a recipient
US8075468B2 (en) * 2008-02-27 2011-12-13 Fenwal, Inc. Systems and methods for mid-processing calculation of blood composition
DE102011010621A1 (en) 2011-02-08 2012-08-09 T & A Trenntechnik & Anlagenbau Gmbh Solid bowl centrifuge with drying of the solids cake
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3626314A1 (en) 1988-02-04
ATE87506T1 (en) 1993-04-15
JPS6342754A (en) 1988-02-23
EP0255623A3 (en) 1989-12-06
DE3626314C2 (en) 1993-11-11
US4895666A (en) 1990-01-23
EP0255623A2 (en) 1988-02-10
JPH0720559B2 (en) 1995-03-08

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