EP0255623A2 - Separating device for suspensions - Google Patents

Separating device for suspensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255623A2
EP0255623A2 EP87110032A EP87110032A EP0255623A2 EP 0255623 A2 EP0255623 A2 EP 0255623A2 EP 87110032 A EP87110032 A EP 87110032A EP 87110032 A EP87110032 A EP 87110032A EP 0255623 A2 EP0255623 A2 EP 0255623A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filtrate
annular chamber
jacket
drum
filter means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87110032A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0255623A3 (en
EP0255623B1 (en
Inventor
Paul Dr.-Ing. Franzen
Günther Ing. Hultsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mannesmann Demag Krauss Maffei GmbH
Original Assignee
Krauss Maffei AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Krauss Maffei AG filed Critical Krauss Maffei AG
Priority to AT87110032T priority Critical patent/ATE87506T1/en
Publication of EP0255623A2 publication Critical patent/EP0255623A2/en
Publication of EP0255623A3 publication Critical patent/EP0255623A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0255623B1 publication Critical patent/EP0255623B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/08—Skimmers or scrapers for discharging ; Regulating thereof
    • B04B11/082—Skimmers for discharging liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating suspensions according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for example from DE-OS 26 03 610.
  • annular chamber In the case of drum centrifuges for separating suspensions, it is known (DE-OS 26 03 610) to arrange an annular chamber on the side of the drum base, which is connected to a lateral filter medium.
  • the annular chamber can also be connected to the filter medium of the drum shell ( DE-AS 11 51 764).
  • the lateral annular chamber is emptied by means of a peeling tube which is pivotably mounted parallel to the axis of the drum.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a separating device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables both a short filtration period and a short drying spin time.
  • the invention is based on the idea of providing two separate lateral annular chambers, which for the first time combines the possibility of backwashing both filter media with the possibility of removing side filtrate during the main filtration.
  • a siphon effect can be generated for the dry spin process by lowering the liquid level in the ring chamber for jacket filtrate to such an extent that an additional pressure difference is effective to accelerate the filtration.
  • the greatest effect can be achieved if the collecting space for the jacket filtrate between the drum jacket and the filter medium is connected to a room with lower pressure levels (e.g. atmospheric pressure) and the gasketed centrifuge housing is pressurized with a gaseous pressure medium of e.g. 2 to 4 bar overpressure.
  • the centrifuge drum designated by 10 in FIG. 1 is rotatably supported with its shaft 11 about a horizontal axis 12.
  • Filter means 15 and 17 are attached to the drum jacket 13 and the drum base 14 in such a way that a collecting space 16 is present between the drum base 14 and filter means 17 and a collection space 18 is provided between the drum jacket 13 and filter means 15.
  • the centrifuge drum 10 On the end face opposite the drum base 14, the centrifuge drum 10 has an opening 28 which is used for filling with suspension before the start of the filtration and for discharging the solids retained by the filter means 15, 17 after the filtration has taken place.
  • 1 shows the state at the start of the filtration: the suspension consisting of filtrate liquid 20 and solids 21 is filled almost up to the height B (FIG. 2) of the rim 19 between the drum jacket 13 and the drum opening 28, the centrifuge drum 10 having a high Shoot number is rotated about axis 12.
  • the filtrate liquid 20 essentially flows through the lateral filter medium 17 into the collecting space 16 located behind it.
  • filtrate liquid 20 passes through the layer of solids 21 referred to as filter cake and flows through the filter medium 15 on the jacket side into the one below located collection space 18. Since fine-grained sediment can separate very quickly from the filtrate liquid 20 located on the filter cake, the path of the filtrate liquid 20 through the filter cake may be made more difficult.
  • This radial distance, designated “H” in FIG. 2 is in the range from approximately 20% to approximately 60% of the height B of the rim 19.
  • annular chamber 22 for side filtrate and an annular chamber 24 for jacket filtrate on the side next to the drum base 14. 2, the annular chamber 24 has been omitted for simplification.
  • the annular chamber 22 is arranged closer to the drum base 14 than the annular chamber 24, such that the bottom of the annular chamber 22 is located radially inside the bottom of the annular chamber 24.
  • “radial” is always understood to refer to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10.
  • the annular chamber 22 is connected to the collecting space 16 via a bore 23 in the drum bottom 14.
  • a valve consisting of valve ball 29 and valve seat 30 is arranged within bore 23 to shut off collecting space 16 while drum 10 is being filled with suspension.
  • the valve 29/30 is hydrostatically controllable in such a way that liquid is filled into the annular chamber 22, the level of this barrier liquid lying above the radially inner edge of the lateral filter medium 16, so that the hydrostatic pressure of the barrier liquid against the filter medium 17 is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the suspension.
  • a peeling tube 26 is used for emptying the annular chamber, which is pivotably mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10 and can be pivoted into the annular chamber 22 with its front mouthpiece 26a or pivoted out of the annular chamber 22. Liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 via the peeling tube 26; However, it is better if a separate tube 25 (FIG. 2) is provided for this purpose, which is guided axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 and projects into the annular chamber 22 with its bent spout end.
  • rinsing liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 and from there through the open bore 23 against the filter medium 17, after the filtration process has ended when the filter cake is removed from the filter medium 15, 17, that Backwash filter media 17.
  • the annular chamber 24 for the jacket filtrate is behind the collecting chamber 18 via a bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 or, as indicated by the dashed line, through a bore 25b in the drum bottom 14 the jacket-side filter means 15 connected.
  • the bore 25b runs essentially parallel to the drum jacket 13 and in the example shown opens into the annular chamber 24 at a radially relatively high point, since the annular chamber 24 has its radially lowest point below the drum jacket 13 because of the alternatively provided bore 25a.
  • Such a deep positioning of the annular chamber 24 is not necessary in the case of the bore 25b; rather, in this embodiment, the annular chamber 24 can be positioned so that the bore 25b opens at the bottom of the annular chamber 24.
  • a siphon is formed by the positioning of the annular chamber 24 shown in FIG. 1, the bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 running at an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° to the axis of rotation 12 and opening at the deep bottom of the annular chamber 24.
  • a liquid level must be present in the annular chamber in the manner shown, which just barely completely covers the mouth of the obliquely running bore 25a.
  • the radial difference between this liquid level and the surface of the jacket-side filter means 15 acts as an additional pressure difference to accelerate the filtration during the dry spin.
  • Dry spinning begins as soon as the level of the filtrate liquid 20 has entered the filter cake (layer of solids 21), which is the case when the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the filter medium 17 as a side filtrate and as a jacket filtrate (to a much lesser extent than the side filtrate) has been separated off via the filter medium 15.
  • the filtrate liquid flowing off during dry centrifugation reaches the annular chamber 24 essentially as a jacket filtrate.
  • a further peeling tube 27 is pivotally mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12, which has a mouthpiece 27a can be pivoted into the annular chamber 24 or pivoted out of the annular chamber 24.
  • a rinsing liquid can be introduced into the annular chamber 24 via the peeling tube 27 after completion of the filtration in order to backwash the filter medium 15 on the jacket side.
  • the filter means 17 provided for the side filtration are preferably designed as round discs which, in the case of FIG. 3, are arranged in a circle on the drum base 14 in a uniform distribution.
  • Each disc consists of 5 and 6 can be seen, from a support frame 31 which is wheel-shaped with a central hub 31a.
  • a screw 33 is passed through the hub 31a and is screwed into a threaded bore 14a of the drum base 14.
  • the support frame 31 is sealed against the drum base 14 at its circumferential area by means of an inserted sealing ring 35.
  • the frame construction of the subframe 31 allows four segment windows to be created, in which the filter means 17 is correspondingly attached in the form of a segment.
  • a corrugated support grid 32 is attached between each filter segment and the surface of the drum base 14, whereby the inflation of the filter medium 17 during backwashing is kept within limits and at the same time an unimpeded outflow of the side filtrate into the annular chamber 22 is ensured.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 A further embodiment of the filter means 17 is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • a support frame 31 made of castable or sprayable plastic is provided, which has segment-like recesses of different shapes, in which the filter means 17 are used in the same way as for the rounds according to FIGS. 5 and 6, which in turn are supported on support grids 32.
  • an annular groove 14b is formed in the drum base 14, into which the support frames 31 are inserted flush with the surface of the drum base 14.
  • fastening screws 33 are provided, which push through each support frame 31 at two widened locations and are screwed into associated holes in the drum base 14.
  • the support frame 31 is sealed by means of sealing beads 35a, which are inserted between the end faces of the support frame 31 and the flanks of the groove 14b. Such sealing beads can optionally be dispensed with if the support frames 31 are made of a material of high elasticity.
  • the rule of thumb for the dimensioning of the filter means 17 in the segments of the support frame 31 is that the total area of the filter means 17 relative to the total area of the drum shell 13 is in the range between about 1:20 and about 1:60.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Abstract

In order to achieve both a short filtration time and a short spin drying time in a separating device with a centrifuge drum, it is proposed to drain the jacket filtrate and the side filtrate from separate lateral annular chambers in the centrifuge drum. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Suspensionen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 26 03 610 bekannt.The invention relates to a device for separating suspensions according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a device is known for example from DE-OS 26 03 610.

Bei Trommelzentrifugen zum Trennen von Suspensionen ist es bekannt ( DE-OS 26 03 610 ), eine Ringkammer seitlich am Trommelboden anzuordnen, welche mit einem seitlichen Filtermittel in Verbindung steht.'Alternativ hierzu kann die Ringkammer auch mit dem Filtermittel des Trommelmantels in Verbindung stehen ( DE-AS 11 51 764 ). In jedem Falle wird die seitliche Ringkammer durch ein achsparallel zur Trommelachse schwenkbar gelagertes Schälrohr entleert.In the case of drum centrifuges for separating suspensions, it is known (DE-OS 26 03 610) to arrange an annular chamber on the side of the drum base, which is connected to a lateral filter medium. Alternatively, the annular chamber can also be connected to the filter medium of the drum shell ( DE-AS 11 51 764). In any case, the lateral annular chamber is emptied by means of a peeling tube which is pivotably mounted parallel to the axis of the drum.

Bei Verwendung einer Ringkammer für Seitenfiltrat ( DE-OS 26 03 610 ) läßt sich zu Beginn der Hauptfilterung die über dem Filterkuchen befindliche Flüssigkeit relativ rasch entfernen. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß die für die Entfernung der Restflüssigkeit erforderliche Mantelfiltration ( sog. Trockenschleudervorgang ) nur relativ langsam erfolgt, wenn das Filtermittel für die Mantelfiltration und die nach dem Austragen des Feststoffes darauf verbliebene Restschicht nicht regeneriert werden. Eine solche Regeneration läßt sich bei Verwendung einer Ringkammer für Mantelfiltrat ( DE-AS 11 51 764 ) dadurch erzielen, daß in die Ringkammer Rückspülflüssigkeit eingefüllt wird, welche in Gegenrichtung bezüglich des Mantelfiltrates durch das Filtermittel hindurchfließt. Dieser Vorteil wird jedoch dadurch erkauft, daß die über dem Filterkuchen befindliche Flüssigkeit nur sehr langsam durch den Filterkuchen und die sich darauf ablagernde Sedimentschicht zum Filtermittel hindurchdringt, wodurch die Filtrationsdauer entsprechend groß ist.When using an annular chamber for side filtrate (DE-OS 26 03 610), the liquid located above the filter cake can be removed relatively quickly at the beginning of the main filtering. However, it has been shown that the jacket filtration required for the removal of the residual liquid (so-called dry spin process) takes place only relatively slowly if the filter medium for the jacket filtration and the residual layer remaining thereon after the solid has been discharged are not regenerated. Such a rain ration can be achieved when using an annular chamber for jacket filtrate (DE-AS 11 51 764) by filling backflushing liquid into the annular chamber which flows through the filter medium in the opposite direction with respect to the jacket filtrate. However, this advantage is paid for by the fact that the liquid located above the filter cake only penetrates very slowly through the filter cake and the sediment layer deposited thereon to the filter medium, as a result of which the filtration time is correspondingly long.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht demgegenüber darin, eine Trennvorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen,welche sowohl eine kurze Filtrationsdauer als auch eine kurze Trockenschleuderzeit ermöglicht.In contrast, the object of the invention is to provide a separating device of the type mentioned at the outset which enables both a short filtration period and a short drying spin time.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungs gemäβ durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous refinements and developments of the device according to the invention result from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der überlegung, zwei getrennte seitliche Ringkammern vorzusehen, welche erstmalig die Möglichkeit der Rückspülung beider Filtermittel mit der Möglichkeit des Abzugs von Seitenfiltrat während der Hauptfiltration vereinigt. In besonders günstiger Weise kann dabei für das Trockenschleudern ein Syphoneffekt dadurch erzeugt werden, daß der FlUssigkeitsspiegel in der Ringkammer für Mantelfiltrat soweit abgesenkt wird, daß eine zusätzliche Druckdifferenz zur Beschleunigung der Filtration wirksam wird. Die größte Wirkung läßt sich dann erzielen, wenn der Sammelraum für das Mantelfiltrat zwischen Trommelmantel und Filtermittel an einen Raum geringeren Druckniveaus ( z.B. Atmosphärendruck ) angeschlossen und das allseits abgedichtete Zentrifugengehäuse mit einem gasförmigen Druckmedium von z.B. 2 bis 4 bar Überdruck beaufschlagt wird.The invention is based on the idea of providing two separate lateral annular chambers, which for the first time combines the possibility of backwashing both filter media with the possibility of removing side filtrate during the main filtration. In particularly cheaper In this way, a siphon effect can be generated for the dry spin process by lowering the liquid level in the ring chamber for jacket filtrate to such an extent that an additional pressure difference is effective to accelerate the filtration. The greatest effect can be achieved if the collecting space for the jacket filtrate between the drum jacket and the filter medium is connected to a room with lower pressure levels (e.g. atmospheric pressure) and the gasketed centrifuge housing is pressurized with a gaseous pressure medium of e.g. 2 to 4 bar overpressure.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an der in den Zeichnungen veranschaulichten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch die untere Hälfte eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifugentrommel;
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifugentrommel, wobei zur Vereinfachung die zweite Ringkammer für das Mantelfiltrat weggelassen ist;
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt längs der Schnittlinie III - III in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 ein Detail der Ringkammer für das Seitenfiltrat, das in Fig. 2 mit einem strichpunktierten Kreis IV markiert ist;
  • Fign. 5 und 7 Detailschnitte durch Ausführungsformen für Filtermittel für das Seitenfiltrat, und
  • Fign. 6 und 8 Draufsichten auf die Filtermittel gemäß Fig. 5 bzw. 7.
The invention is explained in more detail below using the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:
  • 1 shows a section through the lower half of a first embodiment of a centrifuge drum according to the invention.
  • 2 shows a section through a further exemplary embodiment of a centrifuge drum according to the invention, the second annular chamber for the jacket filtrate being omitted for simplification;
  • 3 shows a section along the section line III-III in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 shows a detail of the annular chamber for the side filtrate, which in Fig. 2 with a dash-dotted circle IV is marked;
  • Fig. 5 and 7 detail sections through embodiments for filter means for the side filtrate, and
  • Fig. 6 and 8 top views of the filter means according to FIGS. 5 and 7.

Die in Fig. 1 mit 10 bezeichnete Zentrifugentrommel ist mit ihrer Welle 11 um eine horizontale Achse 12 drehbar gelagert. Am Trommelmantel 13 sowie am Trommelboden 14 sind Filtermittel 15 bzw. 17 so angebracht, daß zwischen Trommelboden 14 und Filtermittel 17 ein Sammelraum 16 sowie zwischen Trommelmantel 13 und Filtermittel 15 ein Sammelraum 18 vorhanden ist.The centrifuge drum designated by 10 in FIG. 1 is rotatably supported with its shaft 11 about a horizontal axis 12. Filter means 15 and 17 are attached to the drum jacket 13 and the drum base 14 in such a way that a collecting space 16 is present between the drum base 14 and filter means 17 and a collection space 18 is provided between the drum jacket 13 and filter means 15.

An der dem Trommelboden 14 gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite weist die Zentrifugentrommel 10 eine öffnung 28 auf, welche zur Befüllung mit Suspension vor dem Beginn der Filtration sowie zum Austragen der von den Filtermitteln 15, 17 zurückgehaltenen Feststoffenach erfolgter Filtration dient. In Fig. 1 ist der Zustand bei Beginn der Filtration dargestellt: Die aus Filtratflüssigkeit 20 und Feststoffen 21 bestehende Suspension wird fast bis zur Höhe B ( Fig. 2 ) des Bordrandes 19 zwischen Trommelmantel 13 und Trommelöffnung 28 eingefüllt, wobei die Zentrifugentrommel 10 mit hoher Drehzahl um die Achse 12 rotiert wird. Bei der dann einsetzenden Hauptfiltration fließt die Filtratflüssigkeit 20 im wesentlichen durch das seitliche Filtermittel 17 in den dahinter befindlichen Sammelraum 16. Ein weiterer Teil der FiltratflUssigkeit 20 tritt durch die als Filterkuchen bezeichnete Schicht aus Feststoffen 21 hindurch und fließt durch das mantelseitige Filtermittel 15 in den darunter befindlichen Sammelraum 18. Da sich auf dem Filterkuchen sehr rasch feinkörniges Sediment aus der darüber befindlichen Filtratflüssigkeit 20 abscheiden kann, wird der Weg der Filtratflüssigkeit 20 durch den Filterkuchen hindurch u.U. zusätzlich erschwert.On the end face opposite the drum base 14, the centrifuge drum 10 has an opening 28 which is used for filling with suspension before the start of the filtration and for discharging the solids retained by the filter means 15, 17 after the filtration has taken place. 1 shows the state at the start of the filtration: the suspension consisting of filtrate liquid 20 and solids 21 is filled almost up to the height B (FIG. 2) of the rim 19 between the drum jacket 13 and the drum opening 28, the centrifuge drum 10 having a high Shoot number is rotated about axis 12. When the main filtration then begins, the filtrate liquid 20 essentially flows through the lateral filter medium 17 into the collecting space 16 located behind it. Another part of the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the layer of solids 21 referred to as filter cake and flows through the filter medium 15 on the jacket side into the one below located collection space 18. Since fine-grained sediment can separate very quickly from the filtrate liquid 20 located on the filter cake, the path of the filtrate liquid 20 through the filter cake may be made more difficult.

Aus Vorstehendem erkennt man, daß praktisch nur der mit Filtratflüssigkeit 20 in Berührung stehende Teil des seitlichen Filtermittels 17 bei dem Hauptschleudervorgang wirksam ist. Andererseits besteht die Gefahr, daß die noch mit Sediment behaftete FiltratflUssigkeit 20 bereits während der Befüllung der Trommel 10 durch die seitlichen Filtermittel 16 hindurchläuft, so daß sich sedimentiertes Seitenfiltrat in dem Sammelraum 16 befinden würde. Aus diesem Grund hat man bisher davon abgesehen, die seitlichen Filtermittel 17 außerhalb des Filterkuchens zu positionieren. Eine solche, in Fig. 1 vorgesehene Positionierung der seitlichen Filtermittel 17 wird dadurch ermöglicht, daß der Sammelraum 16 in noch näher zu erläuternder Weise während der Befüllung der Trommel 10 mit Surspension absperrbar ist. Damit läßt sich die radial äußere Kante des seitlichen Filtermittels 17 in einem radialen Abstand zum mantelseitigen Filtermittel 15 positionieren. Dieser in Fig. 2 mit "H" bezeichnete radiale Abstand liegt im Bereich von etwa 20% bis etwa 60% der Höhe B des Bordrandes 19.From the above it can be seen that practically only that part of the lateral filter means 17 which is in contact with filtrate liquid 20 is effective in the main centrifuging process. On the other hand, there is a risk that the filtrate liquid 20, which is still sedimented, will already run through the lateral filter means 16 during the filling of the drum 10, so that sedimented side filtrate would be in the collecting space 16. For this reason, it has hitherto been avoided to position the lateral filter means 17 outside the filter cake. Such a positioning of the lateral filter means 17, which is provided in FIG. 1, is made possible in that the collecting space 16 can be shut off in a manner to be explained in greater detail while the drum 10 is being filled with suspension. This allows the radially outer edge of the lateral filter means 17 at a radial distance from the jacket Position the filter element 15 on the side. This radial distance, designated "H" in FIG. 2, is in the range from approximately 20% to approximately 60% of the height B of the rim 19.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ferner ersichtlich ist, befinden sich seitlich neben dem Trommelboden 14 eine Ringkammer 22 für Seitenfiltrat und eine Ringkammer 24 für Mantelfiltrat. In Fig. 2 ist die Ringkammer 24 zur Vereinfachung weggelassen. Die Ringkammer 22 ist dabei näher am Trommelboden 14 angeordnet als die Ringkammer 24, derart, daß sich der Boden der Ringkammer 22 radial innerhalb des Bodens der Ringkammer 24 befindet. Unter "radial" wird vorliegend stets der Bezug zur Rotationsachse 12 der Trommel 10 verstanden.As can also be seen from FIG. 1, there is an annular chamber 22 for side filtrate and an annular chamber 24 for jacket filtrate on the side next to the drum base 14. 2, the annular chamber 24 has been omitted for simplification. The annular chamber 22 is arranged closer to the drum base 14 than the annular chamber 24, such that the bottom of the annular chamber 22 is located radially inside the bottom of the annular chamber 24. In the present case, “radial” is always understood to refer to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10.

Im Bereich ihres Bodens ist die Ringkammer 22 über eine Bohrung 23 in dem Trommelboden 14 mit dem Sammelraum 16 verbunden. Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, ist innerhalb der Bohrung 23 ein aus Ventilkugel 29 und Ventilsitz 30 bestehendes Ventil zum Absperren des Sammelraums 16 während der Befüllung der Trommel 10 mit Suspension angeordnet. Das Ventil 29/30 ist hydrostatisch in der Weise steuerbar, daß in die Ringkammer 22 Flüssigkeit eingefüllt wird, wobei der Spiegel dieser Sperrflüssigkeit über der radial inneren Kante des seitlichen Filtermittels 16 liegt, so daß der hydrostatische Druck der Sperrflüssigkeit gegen das Filtermittel 17 größer ist als der hydrostatische Druck der Suspension. Wie aus Fig. 4 ferner ersichtlich ist, sind zwischen Ringkammer 22 und Sammelraum 16 weitere Bohrungen 34 Sammelraum 16 vorhanden sind, durch welche die oberste, praktisch sedimentfreie Schicht der FiltratflUssigkeit 20 ( Fig. 1 ) über das Filtermittel 17 in die Ringkammer 22 fließen kann. Wesentlich ist, daß diese zusätzlichen Bohrungen 34, wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt, an radial weniger tiefen Stellen in die Ringkammer 22 einmünden als die mit dem Ventil 29/30 versehene Bohrung 23, welche an der radial tiefsten Stelle der Ringkammer 22 mündet.In the area of its bottom, the annular chamber 22 is connected to the collecting space 16 via a bore 23 in the drum bottom 14. As shown in FIG. 4, a valve consisting of valve ball 29 and valve seat 30 is arranged within bore 23 to shut off collecting space 16 while drum 10 is being filled with suspension. The valve 29/30 is hydrostatically controllable in such a way that liquid is filled into the annular chamber 22, the level of this barrier liquid lying above the radially inner edge of the lateral filter medium 16, so that the hydrostatic pressure of the barrier liquid against the filter medium 17 is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the suspension. As can also be seen from FIG. 4, there are further bores 34 between the annular chamber 22 and the collecting space 16 Collection space 16 are present, through which the top, practically sediment-free layer of the filtrate liquid 20 (FIG. 1) can flow into the annular chamber 22 via the filter medium 17. It is essential that these additional bores 34, as shown in FIG. 4, open into the annular chamber 22 at radially less deep points than the bore 23 provided with the valve 29/30, which opens at the radially lowest point of the annular chamber 22.

Zum Entleeren der Ringkammer dient ein Schälrohr 26, welches achsparallel zur Rotationsachse 12 der Trommel 10 schwenkbar gelagert ist und mit seinem vorderen Mundstück 26a in die Ringkammer 22 eingeschwenkt oder aus der Ringkammer 22 herausgeschwenkt werden kann. Über das Schälrobr 26 läßt sich auch Flüssigkeit in die Ringkammer 22 eintragen; besser ist es jedoch, wenn hierfür ein gesondertes Rohr 25 ( Fig. 2) vorgesehen wird, welches achsparallel zur Rotationsachse 12 geführt ist und mit seinem abgekröpften Ausgußende in die Ringkammer 22 hineinragt. Ober das Rohr 25 läßt sich außer der schon erwähnten Sperrflüssigheit auch Spülflüssigkeit in die Ringkammer 22 und von dort durch die geöffnete Bohrung 23 gegen das Filtermittel 17 einbringen, um nach Abschluß des Filtrationsvorganges, wenn der Filterkuchen von den Filtermitteln 15, 17 entfernt ist, das Filtermittel 17 rückzuspülen.A peeling tube 26 is used for emptying the annular chamber, which is pivotably mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 of the drum 10 and can be pivoted into the annular chamber 22 with its front mouthpiece 26a or pivoted out of the annular chamber 22. Liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 via the peeling tube 26; However, it is better if a separate tube 25 (FIG. 2) is provided for this purpose, which is guided axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12 and projects into the annular chamber 22 with its bent spout end. Above the tube 25, in addition to the barrier liquid already mentioned, rinsing liquid can also be introduced into the annular chamber 22 and from there through the open bore 23 against the filter medium 17, after the filtration process has ended when the filter cake is removed from the filter medium 15, 17, that Backwash filter media 17.

Die Ringkammer 24 für das Mantelfiltrat ist über eine Bohrung 25a im Trommelmantel 13 oder, wie durch den gestrichelten Verlauf angedeutet ist, durch eine Bohrung 25b im Trommelboden 14 mit dem Sammelraum 18 hinter dem mantelseitigen Filtermittel 15 verbunden. Die Bohrung 25b verläuft im wesentlichen parallel zum Trommelmantel 13 und mündet im gezeigten Beispielsfall an einer radial relativ hohen Stelle in die Ringkammer 24, da die Ringkammer 24 wegen der alternativ vorgesehenen Bohrung 25a ihre radial tiefste Stelle unterhalb des Trommelmantels 13 hat. Eine derart tiefliegende Positionierung der Ringkammer 24 ist im Falle der Bohrung 25b nicht erforderlich; vielmehr kann in diesem Ausführungsfalle.die Ringkammer 24 so positioniert werden, daß die Bohrung 25b am Boden der Ringkammer 24 mündet.The annular chamber 24 for the jacket filtrate is behind the collecting chamber 18 via a bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 or, as indicated by the dashed line, through a bore 25b in the drum bottom 14 the jacket-side filter means 15 connected. The bore 25b runs essentially parallel to the drum jacket 13 and in the example shown opens into the annular chamber 24 at a radially relatively high point, since the annular chamber 24 has its radially lowest point below the drum jacket 13 because of the alternatively provided bore 25a. Such a deep positioning of the annular chamber 24 is not necessary in the case of the bore 25b; rather, in this embodiment, the annular chamber 24 can be positioned so that the bore 25b opens at the bottom of the annular chamber 24.

Durch die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Positionierung der Ringkammer 24 wird ein Syphon gebildet,wobei die Bohrung 25a im Trommelmantel 13 unter einem Winkel von 30° bis 60° zur Rotationsachse 12 verläuft und am tiefliegenden Boden der Ringkammer 24 mündet. Um einen Syphoneffekt zu erzielen, muß in der Ringkammer ein Flüssigkeitsspiegel in der gezeigten Weise vorhanden sein, welcher die Mündung der schräg verlaufenden Bohrung 25a gerade noch vollständig bedeckt hält. Die radiale Differenz zwischen diesem Flüssigkeitsspiegel und der Oberfläche des mantelseitigen Filtermittels 15 wirkt als zusätzliche Druckdifferenz zur Beschleunigung der Filtration beim Trockenschleudern. Das Trockenschleudern beginnt, sobald der Spiegel der Filtratflüssigkeit 20 in den Filterkuchen ( Schicht von Feststoffen 21 ) eingetreten ist, was dann der Fall ist, wenn die Filtratflüssigkeit 20 als Seitenfiltrat über das Filtermittel 17 und als Mantelfiltrat ( in wesentlich geringerem Umfang als das Seitenfiltrat) über das Filtermittel 15 abgetrennt worden ist. Die beim Trockenschleudern abfließende Filtratflüssigkeit gelangt im wesentlichen als Mantelfiltrat in die Ringkammer 24. Zum Entleeren der Ringkammer 24 und zur Steuerung des für den Syphoneffekt wesentlichen FlUssigkeitsspiegels in der Ringkammer 24 ist achsparallel zur Rotationsachse 12 ein weiteren Schälrohr 27 schwenkbar gelagert, welches mit seinem Mundstück 27a in die Ringkammer 24 hineingeschwenkt oder aus der Ringkammer 24 herausgeschwenkt werden kann. In gleicher Weise wie für die Ringkammer 22 kann über das Schälrohr 27 eine Spülflüssigkeit in die Ringkammer 24 nach Abschluß der Filtration eingebracht werden, um das mantelseitige Filtermittel 15 rückzuspülen.A siphon is formed by the positioning of the annular chamber 24 shown in FIG. 1, the bore 25a in the drum jacket 13 running at an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° to the axis of rotation 12 and opening at the deep bottom of the annular chamber 24. In order to achieve a siphon effect, a liquid level must be present in the annular chamber in the manner shown, which just barely completely covers the mouth of the obliquely running bore 25a. The radial difference between this liquid level and the surface of the jacket-side filter means 15 acts as an additional pressure difference to accelerate the filtration during the dry spin. Dry spinning begins as soon as the level of the filtrate liquid 20 has entered the filter cake (layer of solids 21), which is the case when the filtrate liquid 20 passes through the filter medium 17 as a side filtrate and as a jacket filtrate (to a much lesser extent than the side filtrate) has been separated off via the filter medium 15. The filtrate liquid flowing off during dry centrifugation reaches the annular chamber 24 essentially as a jacket filtrate. To empty the annular chamber 24 and to control the liquid level in the annular chamber 24, which is essential for the siphon effect, a further peeling tube 27 is pivotally mounted axially parallel to the axis of rotation 12, which has a mouthpiece 27a can be pivoted into the annular chamber 24 or pivoted out of the annular chamber 24. In the same way as for the annular chamber 22, a rinsing liquid can be introduced into the annular chamber 24 via the peeling tube 27 after completion of the filtration in order to backwash the filter medium 15 on the jacket side.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte bauliche Vereinigung zweier Ringkammern 22, 24 gestattet somit eine optimale Gestaltung der Filtration mit minimalen Zeiten für die Hauptfiltration (Abzug der Flüssigkeit 20) und den Trockenschleudervorgang. Praktische Versuche haben gezeigt, daß sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zentrifugentrommel gegenüber Zentrifugentrommeln nach dem Stand der Technik die Hauptfiltrationsdauer von etwa 7500s auf 250s verkürzen läßt, wenn der Filterkuchen einen großen Widerstand hat.The structural union of two annular chambers 22, 24 shown in FIG. 1 thus allows an optimal design of the filtration with minimal times for the main filtration (removal of the liquid 20) and the dry spin process. Practical tests have shown that the centrifuge drum according to the invention can shorten the main filtration period from about 7500s to 250s compared to centrifuge drums according to the prior art if the filter cake has a high resistance.

Die für die Seitenfiltration vorgesehenen Filtermittel 17 sind, wie die Figuren 3 bis 6 zeigen, vorzugsweise als Ronden ausgebildet, welche im Falle von Fig. 3 in gleichmäßiger Verteilung kreisförmig auf dem Trommelboden 14 angeordnet sind. Jede Ronde besteht, wie aus den Figuren 5 und 6 ersichtlich ist, aus einem Tragrahmen 31, welcher radförmig mit einer zentralen Nabe 31a ausgebildet ist. Durch die Nabe 31a ist eine Schraube 33 hindurchgeführt, welche in eine Gewindebohrung 14a des Trommelbodens 14 eingeschraubt ist. Der Tragrahmen 31 ist über einen eingelegten Dichtring 35 an seinem Umfangsbereich gegen den Trommelboden 14 abgedichtet. Die Rahmenkonstruktion des Trangrahmens 31 läßt vier Segmentfenster entstehen, in welchen das Filtermittel 17 entsprechend segmentförmig angesetzt ist. Dabei ist zwischen jedem Filtersegment und der Oberfläche des Trommelbodens 14 ein gewelltes Stützgitter 32 angebracht, wodurch die Aufblähung des Filtermittels 17 beim Rückspülen in Grenzen gehalten wird und gleichzeitig ein ungehinderter Abfluß des Seitenfiltrats in die Ringkammer 22 gewährleistet wird.As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the filter means 17 provided for the side filtration are preferably designed as round discs which, in the case of FIG. 3, are arranged in a circle on the drum base 14 in a uniform distribution. Each disc consists of 5 and 6 can be seen, from a support frame 31 which is wheel-shaped with a central hub 31a. A screw 33 is passed through the hub 31a and is screwed into a threaded bore 14a of the drum base 14. The support frame 31 is sealed against the drum base 14 at its circumferential area by means of an inserted sealing ring 35. The frame construction of the subframe 31 allows four segment windows to be created, in which the filter means 17 is correspondingly attached in the form of a segment. In this case, a corrugated support grid 32 is attached between each filter segment and the surface of the drum base 14, whereby the inflation of the filter medium 17 during backwashing is kept within limits and at the same time an unimpeded outflow of the side filtrate into the annular chamber 22 is ensured.

Eine weitere Ausbildung des Filtermittels 17 ist in den Figuren 7 und 8 veranschaulicht. Auch hier ist ein aus gieß- oder spritzbarem Kunststoff gefertigter Tragrahmen 31 vorgesehen, welcher segmentartige Aussparungen unterschiedlicher Form aufweist, in denen in gleicher Weise wie bei den Ronden gemäß Fign 5 und 6 die Filtermittel 17 eingesetzt sind, die sich wiederum auf Stützgittern 32 abstützen. Zur Befestigung der auf einer Ringzone aneinandergrenzend angeordneten Tragrahmen 31 ist in dem Trommelboden 14 eine Ringnut 14b ausgebildet, in welche die Tragrahmen 31 bündig zur Oberfläche des Trommelbodens 14 eingesetzt sind. Ferner sind Befestigungsschrauben 33 vorgesehen, welche jeden Tragrahmen 31 an zwei verbreiterten Stellen durchsetzen und in zugeordnete Bohrungen des Trommelbodens 14 eingeschraubt sind. Die Abdichtung der Tragrahmen 31 erfolgt mittels Dichtwülste 35a, welche zwischen den Stirnflächen des Tragrahmens 31 und den Flanken der Nut 14b eingelegt sind. Auf solche Dichtwülste kann gegebenenfalls verzichtet werden, wenn die Tragrahmen 31 aus einem Material hoher Elastizität hergestellt sind.A further embodiment of the filter means 17 is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. Here too, a support frame 31 made of castable or sprayable plastic is provided, which has segment-like recesses of different shapes, in which the filter means 17 are used in the same way as for the rounds according to FIGS. 5 and 6, which in turn are supported on support grids 32. To fasten the support frames 31 arranged adjacent to one another in an annular zone, an annular groove 14b is formed in the drum base 14, into which the support frames 31 are inserted flush with the surface of the drum base 14. Furthermore, fastening screws 33 are provided, which push through each support frame 31 at two widened locations and are screwed into associated holes in the drum base 14. The support frame 31 is sealed by means of sealing beads 35a, which are inserted between the end faces of the support frame 31 and the flanks of the groove 14b. Such sealing beads can optionally be dispensed with if the support frames 31 are made of a material of high elasticity.

Für die Bemessung der Filtermittel 17 in den Segmenten des Tragrahmens 31 gilt die Faustregel, daß die Gesamtfläche der Filtermittel 17 relativ zur Gesamtfläche des Trommelmantels 13 im Bereich zwischen etwa 1:20 und etwa 1:60 liegt.The rule of thumb for the dimensioning of the filter means 17 in the segments of the support frame 31 is that the total area of the filter means 17 relative to the total area of the drum shell 13 is in the range between about 1:20 and about 1:60.

Claims (10)

1. Vorrichtung zum Trennen von Suspensionen, mit einer Zentrifugentrommel, welche an ihrer Mantelfläche und zumindest einem Bereich ihrer Seitenfläche mit Filtermitteln versehen ist, durch welche ein Mantelfiltrat bzw. ein Seitenfiltrat hindurchfließen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß das Mantelfiltrat und das Seitenfiltrat aus getrennten seitlichen Ringkammern (22, 24) der Zentrifugentrommel (10) abführbar ist.1. Device for separating suspensions, with a centrifuge drum, which is provided on its outer surface and at least a portion of its side surface with filter means through which a jacket filtrate or a side filtrate can flow, characterized in that the jacket filtrate and the side filtrate from separate lateral Annular chambers (22, 24) of the centrifuge drum (10) can be removed. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Abführen des Mantel- bzw. Seitenfiltrates achsparallel zur Zentrifugentrommel (10) schwenkbar gelagerte Schälrohre (26, 27) vorgesehen sind, welche in die jeweils zugeordnete seitliche Ringkammer (22 bzw. 24) mit einem vorderen Mündstück (26a, 27a) einschwenkbar sind.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for removing the jacket or side filtrate axially parallel to the centrifuge drum (10) pivotally mounted peeling tubes (26, 27) are provided, which in the associated lateral annular chamber (22 or 24) with a front mouthpiece (26a, 27a) can be swiveled in. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die seitlichen Ringkammern (22, 24) am Boden (14) der Zentrifugentrommel (10) ange'- ordnet sind.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lateral annular chambers (22, 24) on the bottom (14) of the centrifuge drum (10) are arranged. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die. Ringkammer (22) für das Seitenfiltrat näher am Trommelboden (14) angeordnet ist als die Ringkammer (24) für das Mantelfiltrat, wobei sich der Boden der Ringkammer (22) für das Seitenfiltrat radial innerhalb des Bodens der Ringkammer (24) für das Mantelfiltrat befindet.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the. Annular chamber (22) for the side filtrate is arranged closer to the drum base (14) than the annular chamber (24) for the jacket filtrate, the bottom of the annular chamber (22) for the side filtrate being located radially inside the bottom of the annular chamber (24) for the jacket filtrate . 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ringkammer (24) für das Mantelfiltrat mit einem zwischen Trommelmantel (13) und zugeordnetem Filtermittel (15) vorhandenen Sammelraum (18) durch wenigstens eine Bohrung (25a bzw. 25b) verbunden ist, welche entweder im wesentlichen parallel zum Trommelmantel (13) oder in einem Winkel hierzu unter Erzeugung eines Syphoneffektes verläuft.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the annular chamber (24) for the jacket filtrate with a between the drum jacket (13) and associated filter means (15) existing collecting space (18) through at least one bore (25a or 25b ) is connected, which either runs essentially parallel to the drum casing (13) or at an angle to it, producing a siphon effect. 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in wenigstens einer (22) der Ringkammern (22, 24) eine Spülflüssigkeit zur Rückspülung des mit der betreffenden Ringkammer (22) in Verbindung stehenden Filtermittels (17) einbringbar ist.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in at least one (22) of the annular chambers (22, 24) a rinsing liquid for backwashing the filter chamber (22) in connection with the relevant annular chamber (22) can be introduced. 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer Bohrung (23) zwischen der Ringkammer (22) für das Seitenfiltrat und einem zwischen Trommelboden (14) und seitlichem Filtermittel (17) angeordneten weiteren Sammelraum (16) ein unter hydrostatischem Druck verschließbares Ventil (29, 30) angeordnet ist, wobei die betreffende Bohrung (23) in den radial tiefsten Bereich der Ringkammer (22) mündet (Fig. 4).7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in a bore (23) between the annular chamber (22) for the side filtrate and one between the drum base (14) and lateral filter means (17) arranged another collecting space (16) A valve (29, 30) which can be closed under hydrostatic pressure is arranged, the bore (23) in question opening into the radially deepest region of the annular chamber (22) (FIG. 4). 8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Filtermittel (17) für die Seitenfiltration und dem Filtermittel (15) für die Mantelfiltration ein radialer Abstand (H) vorhanden ist, welcher im Bereich zwischen etwa 20 v.H. und etwa 60 v.H. der Höhe (B) eines zwischen Trommelmantel (13) und seitlicher Befüllungsöffnung (28) befindlichen Bordrings (19) liegt.(Fig. 2).8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that there is a radial distance (H) between the filter means (17) for the side filtration and the filter means (15) for the jacket filtration, which is in the range between about 20%. and about 60% the height (B) of a rim ring (19) located between the drum jacket (13) and the lateral filling opening (28) (FIG. 2). 9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gesamtfläche der Filtermittel (17) für die Seitenfiltration relativ zur Gesamtfläche des Trommelmantels (13) im Bereich zwischen etwa 1:20 und 1:60 liegt.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the total area of the filter means (17) for the side filtration relative to the total area of the drum shell (13) is in the range between about 1:20 and 1:60. 10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filtermittel (17) für die Seitenfiltration in einem Tragrahmen (31) unter Ausbildung mehrerer Filtersegmente gehaltert sind (Fign. 5 bis 8).10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the filter means (17) for side filtration in a support frame (31) are held with the formation of several filter segments (Figs. 5 to 8).
EP87110032A 1986-08-02 1987-07-11 Separating device for suspensions Expired - Lifetime EP0255623B1 (en)

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JPH0720559B2 (en) 1995-03-08
ATE87506T1 (en) 1993-04-15
EP0255623A3 (en) 1989-12-06
JPS6342754A (en) 1988-02-23
DE3626314C2 (en) 1993-11-11
EP0255623B1 (en) 1993-03-31

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