EP0253266A1 - Transit time tube collector - Google Patents

Transit time tube collector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0253266A1
EP0253266A1 EP87109715A EP87109715A EP0253266A1 EP 0253266 A1 EP0253266 A1 EP 0253266A1 EP 87109715 A EP87109715 A EP 87109715A EP 87109715 A EP87109715 A EP 87109715A EP 0253266 A1 EP0253266 A1 EP 0253266A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
collector
electron beam
angle
collecting
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP87109715A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eckard Dipl.-Phys. Schmid
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H01J23/0275—Multistage collectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electron beam collector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a catcher design is known from the publication IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.ED-19, January 1977, pages 104 to 110.
  • the collecting electrodes which are arranged at an angle to the electron beam axis for the soft landing of the electron beams to be collected, have the same angle of inclination.
  • An axial magnetic field is also superimposed on the electric field.
  • an electron beam collector for runtime tubes in which insulating spacers between the collecting electrodes are firmly connected to these to increase the mechanical strength and the heat dissipation, these electrodes being simultaneously enclosed with a sleeve, the radial thermal expansion of which which is adapted to the spacers.
  • This electron beam collector has a rotationally symmetrical collector base which is pointed towards the outside.
  • a field tube with a ppm (periodically permanent magnetic) electron beam device and an electron beam collector in which an axial magnetic field (magnetic converging lens field) is provided in the transition area between two collecting electrodes.
  • the collector bottom is again rotationally symmetrical and tapers in a pointed shape in the direction of the electron beam.
  • the interceptor should be able to absorb the heat generated by the power loss of the incident electron beam and dissipate it to the outside.
  • the electron beam collector should be designed so that the braked electrons and the secondary electrons released when the electron beam strikes the collector wall cannot return to the discharge space.
  • the invention is based on the object of largely avoiding backflow of braked electrons and triggered secondary electrons in an electron beam collector, in particular a multi-stage collector for delay tubes, in order to achieve very good linearity properties in the case of highly linear traveling field tubes, as are required for directional radio applications.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular in that the axis electrons are laterally deflected and thus braked by the special beveled design of the collecting electrodes and the collecting base.
  • the formation of secondary electrons is reduced at the same time by the reduced impact velocity of the electrons and the return of the electrons is largely suppressed.
  • the beveling of the collecting tray is particularly advantageous, since the fast electrons that reverse in the vicinity of the collecting tray or also released secondary electrons do not flow back so easily into the interaction space, for example the spiral space can eat.
  • the return of the electrons is further reduced by the fact that the inclination plane of the collecting base is additionally rotated with respect to the inclining plane of the collecting electrodes.
  • a further asymmetry in the electron beam collector can advantageously be realized in that a transverse magnetic field is superimposed on the asymmetrical electric field at the point of separation between the collector stages (collecting electrodes) by a transverse field magnet.
  • an asymmetrical magnetic field is effective in the plane perpendicular to the oblique electrical field. It is a further advantage to produce the collector preferably from carbon or roughened molybdenum in order to reduce the number of secondary electrons.
  • the two-stage collector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially consists of the first collecting electrode (collector stage) 1, the second collecting electrode (collector stage) 2 and the collecting bottom (collector bottom) 3, which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the electron beam axis 5.
  • the two collecting electrodes 1, 2 each have a central electron beam passage opening 6.
  • the planes of the two collecting electrodes 1 and 2 are inclined at an angle ⁇ less than 90 ° to the electron beam axis 5.
  • the flat collecting base 3 is inclined at an angle ⁇ less than 90 ° to the electron beam axis 5.
  • the inclination win Kel ß of the collecting base 3 is smaller than the angle of inclination ⁇ of the collecting electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the plane of the collector base 3 inclined at an angle ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° to the electron beam axis 5 is additionally rotated from the plane of the drawing by an angle ⁇ between 0 ° and 90 ° relative to the plane of inclination of the collector electrodes 1, 2.
  • a transverse field magnet 4 is provided in both exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which serves to generate a transverse Manget field, the course of which is indicated by the letters N and S, respectively Arrows is indicated.
  • Carbon or roughened molybdenum is preferably used as the material for the collecting base 3 in order to reduce the secondary electron emission.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electron beam collector for transit- time tubes, particularly multi-stage collectors for travelling wave tubes, with a plurality of electrically mutually insulated collector electrodes (1, 2), which surround the electron beam and are arranged behind one another inclined at an angle alpha in the direction of the electron beam axis (5), and with a collector base (3). In this multi- stage collector it is intended largely to prevent decelerated electrons and secondary electrons which have been released flowing backwards, in order to achieve, in particular, very good linearity characteristics in the case of highly linear travelling wave tubes. To this end, the invention provides that the flat collector base (3) is inclined at an angle beta of less than 90 DEG with respect to the electron beam axis (5), and that the inclination angle beta of the collector base (3) is less than the inclination angle alpha of the collector electrodes (1, 2). The electron beam collector according to the invention is used particularly in radio link travelling wave tubes. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Elektronenstrahlauf­fänger gemäß dem 0berbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electron beam collector according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Auffängerausführung geht aus der Druck­schrift IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.ED-19, January 1977, Seiten 104 bis 110, als bekannt hervor. Die zur weichen Landung der aufzufangenden Elektronenstrahlen zur Elektronenstrahlachse schräg angeordneten Auffangelek­troden weisen dabei den gleichen Neigungswinkel auf. Dem elektrischen Feld ist zusätzlich ein axiales Magnetfeld überlagert.Such a catcher design is known from the publication IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol.ED-19, January 1977, pages 104 to 110. The collecting electrodes, which are arranged at an angle to the electron beam axis for the soft landing of the electron beams to be collected, have the same angle of inclination. An axial magnetic field is also superimposed on the electric field.

Aus der DE-PS 24 49 890 ist ein Elektronenstrahlauffänger für Laufzeitröhren bekannt, bei dem zur Erhöhung der mecha­nischen Festigkeit und der Wärmeabführung isolierende Di­stanzstücke zwischen den Auffangelektroden mit diesen fest verbunden sind, wobei diese Elektroden zugleich mit einer Manschette umschlossen sind, deren radiale Wärmeausdehnung an die der Distanzstücke angepaßt ist. Dieser Elektronen­strahlauffänger weist einen nach außen zugespitzten rota­tionssymmetrischen Auffängerboden auf.From DE-PS 24 49 890 an electron beam collector for runtime tubes is known, in which insulating spacers between the collecting electrodes are firmly connected to these to increase the mechanical strength and the heat dissipation, these electrodes being simultaneously enclosed with a sleeve, the radial thermal expansion of which which is adapted to the spacers. This electron beam collector has a rotationally symmetrical collector base which is pointed towards the outside.

Weiterhin ist aus der DE-PS 23 33 441 eine Lauffeldröhre mit einer ppm- (periodisch permanentmagnetischen-) Elektro­nenstrahlbündeleinrichtung und einem Elektronenstrahlauf­fänger bekannt, bei dem im Übergangsbereich zwischen zwei Auffangelektroden ein axiales Magnetfeld (magnetisches Sam­mellinsenfeld) vorgesehen ist. Der Auffängerboden ist wie­derum rotationssymmetrisch und in Elektronenstrahlrichtung spitzförmig verjüngt.Furthermore, from DE-PS 23 33 441 a field tube with a ppm (periodically permanent magnetic) electron beam device and an electron beam collector is known, in which an axial magnetic field (magnetic converging lens field) is provided in the transition area between two collecting electrodes. The collector bottom is again rotationally symmetrical and tapers in a pointed shape in the direction of the electron beam.

Bei einem Elektronenstrahlauffänger von Laufzeitröhren, wie z.B. Wanderfeldröhren, Rückwärtswellenoszillatoren oder Klystrons, besteht zum einen das Problem, daß der Auffänger die durch die Verlustleistung des auftreffen­den Elektronenstrahls entstehende Wärme aufnehmen und nach außen ableiten können soll. Zum anderen soll der Elektro­nenstrahlauffänger so ausgebildet sein, daß die abgebrem­sten Elektronen sowie die beim Auftreffen des Elektronen­strahls auf die Auffängerwandung ausgelösten Sekundärelek­tronen nicht in den Entladungsraum zurückgelangen können.In the case of an electron beam collector of runtime tubes, such as traveling wave tubes, reverse wave oscillators or klystrons, on the one hand there is the problem that the interceptor should be able to absorb the heat generated by the power loss of the incident electron beam and dissipate it to the outside. On the other hand, the electron beam collector should be designed so that the braked electrons and the secondary electrons released when the electron beam strikes the collector wall cannot return to the discharge space.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, in einem Elektro­nenstrahlauffänger, insbesondere Mehrstufen-Kollektor für Laufzeitröhren, ein Rücklaufen von abgebremsten Elektronen und ausgelösten Sekundärelektronen weitgehend zu vermeiden, um insbesondere sehr gute Linearitätseigenschaften bei hochlinearen Wanderfeldröhren, wie sie für Richtfunkan­wendungen benötigt werden, zu erzielen.The invention is based on the object of largely avoiding backflow of braked electrons and triggered secondary electrons in an electron beam collector, in particular a multi-stage collector for delay tubes, in order to achieve very good linearity properties in the case of highly linear traveling field tubes, as are required for directional radio applications.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Elektronen­strahlauffänger mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by an electron beam collector with the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfin­dung sind Gegenstand zusätzlicher Ansprüche.Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are the subject of additional claims.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbeson­dere darin, daß durch die spezielle abgeschrägte Ausbil­dung der Auffangelektroden und des Auffängerbodens die Achselektronen seitlich abgelenkt und somit abgebremst werden. Das Entstehen von Sekundärelektronen wird durch die verminderte Auftreffgeschwindigkeit der Elektronen gleichzeitig verringert und ein Rücklaufen der Elektronen weitgehend unterdrückt. Von besonderem Vorteil ist dabei im Gegensatz zu einem rotationssymmetrischen Auffängerboden die Abschrägung des Auffängerbodens, da die schnellen Elek­tronen, die in der Nähe des Auffängerbodens umkehren oder auch ausgelöste Sekundärelektronen nicht so leicht in den Wechselwirkungsraum, beispielsweise Wendelraum, zurückflie­ ßen können. Das Zurücklaufen der Elektronen wird noch da­durch weiter reduziert, daß die Neigungsebene des Auffän­gerbodens zusätzlich gegenüber der Neigungsebene der Auf­fangelektroden verdreht ist. Eine weitere Unsymmetrie im Elektronenstrahlauffänger läßt sich vorteilhaft dadurch realisieren, daß durch einen Querfeldmagnet dem asymmetri­schen elektrischen Feld an der Trennstelle zwischen den Kollektorstufen (Auffangelektroden) ein transversales Ma­gnetfeld überlagert wird. Damit wird zusätzlich in der Ebene senkrecht zum schrägen elektrischen Feld ein asym­metrisches Magnetfeld wirksam. Von weiterem Vorteil ist, zur Reduzierung der Sekundärelektronenanzahl den Auffänger vorzugsweise aus Kohlenstoff oder aufgerauhtem Molybdän herzustellen.The advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular in that the axis electrons are laterally deflected and thus braked by the special beveled design of the collecting electrodes and the collecting base. The formation of secondary electrons is reduced at the same time by the reduced impact velocity of the electrons and the return of the electrons is largely suppressed. In contrast to a rotationally symmetrical collecting tray, the beveling of the collecting tray is particularly advantageous, since the fast electrons that reverse in the vicinity of the collecting tray or also released secondary electrons do not flow back so easily into the interaction space, for example the spiral space can eat. The return of the electrons is further reduced by the fact that the inclination plane of the collecting base is additionally rotated with respect to the inclining plane of the collecting electrodes. A further asymmetry in the electron beam collector can advantageously be realized in that a transverse magnetic field is superimposed on the asymmetrical electric field at the point of separation between the collector stages (collecting electrodes) by a transverse field magnet. In addition, an asymmetrical magnetic field is effective in the plane perpendicular to the oblique electrical field. It is a further advantage to produce the collector preferably from carbon or roughened molybdenum in order to reduce the number of secondary electrons.

Anhand von in den Figuren der Zeichnung rein schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen soll die Erfindung wei­ter erläutert werden. Teile, die nicht unbedingt zum Ver­ständnis der Erfindung beitragen, sind in den Figuren unbe­zeichnet oder weggelassen. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Zweistufen-Kollektor teil­weise im Schnitt und
  • Fig. 2 eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Zweistufen-­Kollektors nach Fig. 1 teilweise im Schnitt.
The invention will be further explained on the basis of exemplary embodiments shown purely schematically in the figures of the drawing. Parts that do not necessarily contribute to an understanding of the invention are not shown in the figures or are omitted. Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a two-stage collector according to the invention partly in section and
  • Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the two-stage collector according to Fig. 1 partially in section.

Der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Zweistufen-Kollek­tor besteht im wesentlichen aus der ersten Auffangelektro­de (Kollektorstufe) 1, der zweiten Auffangelektrode (Kol­lektorstufe) 2 und dem Auffängerboden (Kollektorboden) 3, die in Richtung der Elektronenstrahlachse 5 hintereinander angeordnet sind. Im Bereich der Elektronenstrahlachse 5 weisen die beiden Auffangelektroden 1, 2 jeweils eine zen­trale Elektronenstrahldurchtrittsöffnung 6 auf. Die Ebenen der beiden Auffangelektroden 1 und 2 sind zur Elektronen­strahlachse 5 in einem Winkel α kleiner als 90° geneigt. Der ebene Auffängerboden 3 ist zur Elektronenstrahlachse 5 in einem Winkel ß kleiner als 90° geneigt. Der Neigungswin­ kel ß des Auffängerbodens 3 ist kleiner als der Neigungs­winkel α der Auffangelektroden 1 bzw. 2 .The two-stage collector shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially consists of the first collecting electrode (collector stage) 1, the second collecting electrode (collector stage) 2 and the collecting bottom (collector bottom) 3, which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the electron beam axis 5. In the area of the electron beam axis 5, the two collecting electrodes 1, 2 each have a central electron beam passage opening 6. The planes of the two collecting electrodes 1 and 2 are inclined at an angle α less than 90 ° to the electron beam axis 5. The flat collecting base 3 is inclined at an angle β less than 90 ° to the electron beam axis 5. The inclination win Kel ß of the collecting base 3 is smaller than the angle of inclination α of the collecting electrodes 1 and 2.

Bei dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die in einem Winkel ß <90° zur Elektronenstrahlachse 5 ge­neigten Ebene des Auffängerbodens 3 zusätzlich gegenüber der Neigungsebene der Auffangelektroden 1, 2 um einen Win­kel γ zwischen 0° und 90° aus der Zeichenebene gedreht.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the plane of the collector base 3 inclined at an angle β <90 ° to the electron beam axis 5 is additionally rotated from the plane of the drawing by an angle γ between 0 ° and 90 ° relative to the plane of inclination of the collector electrodes 1, 2.

Im Übergangsbereich (Trennstelle) zwischen der ersten Auf­fangelektrode 1 und der zweiten Auffangelektrode 2 ist in beiden Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß Figur 1 und Figur 2 ein Querfeldmagnet 4 vorgesehen, der zum Erzeugen eines trans­versalen Mangetfeldes dient, dessen Verlauf durch die mit den Buchstaben N bzw. S versehenen Pfeile angedeutet ist.In the transition area (separation point) between the first collecting electrode 1 and the second collecting electrode 2, a transverse field magnet 4 is provided in both exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which serves to generate a transverse Manget field, the course of which is indicated by the letters N and S, respectively Arrows is indicated.

Als Material für den Auffängerboden 3 ist zur Verminderung der Sekundärelektronenemission Kohlenstoff oder aufgerauh­tes Molybdän bevorzugt verwendbar.Carbon or roughened molybdenum is preferably used as the material for the collecting base 3 in order to reduce the secondary electron emission.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list Bezugszeichen  BegriffReference character term

  • 1 Erste Kollektorstufe1 First collector stage
  • 2 Zweite Kollektorstufe2 Second collector stage
  • 3 Auffängerboden3 collecting tray
  • 4 Querfeldmagnet4 cross-field magnet
  • 5 Elektronenstrahlachse5 electron beam axis
  • 6 Elektronenstrahldurchtrittsöffnung6 electron beam passage opening

Claims (4)

Elektronenstrahlauffänger für Laufzeitröhren, insbesondere Mehrstufen-Kollektor für Wanderfeldröhren, mit mehreren, den Elektronenstrahl umgebenden, in Richtung der Elektro­nenstrahlachse in einem Winkel α geneigten, hintereinander angeordneten, elektrisch gegeneinander isolierten Auffang­elektroden und einem Auffängerboden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ebene Auffänger­boden (3) zur Elektronenstrahlachse (5) in einem Winkel ß kleiner als 90° geneigt ist, und daß der Neigungswinkel ß des Auffängerbodens (3) kleiner als der Neigungswinkel α der Auffangelektroden (1, 2) ist.Electron beam collector for transit time tubes, in particular multi-stage collector for traveling wave tubes, with a plurality of collecting electrodes, which are arranged one behind the other and which are inclined in the direction of the electron beam axis at an angle α, and which are electrically insulated from one another and a collecting plate, characterized in that the flat collecting plate (3) for Electron beam axis (5) is inclined at an angle β less than 90 °, and that the angle of inclination β of the collector base (3) is smaller than the angle of inclination α of the collector electrodes (1, 2). 2. Elektronenstrahlauffänger nach Anspruch 1, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die in einem Winkel ß <90° zur Elektronenstrahlachse (5) geneigte Ebene des Auffängerbodens (3) zusätzlich gegenüber der Neigungsebene der Auffangelektroden (1, 2) um einen Winkel γ zwischen 0° und 90° verdreht ist.2. Electron beam collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane of the collector base (3) inclined at an angle β <90 ° to the electron beam axis (5) additionally with respect to the plane of inclination of the collector electrodes (1, 2) by an angle γ between 0 ° and Is rotated 90 °. 3. Elektronenstrahlauffänger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß im Über­gangsbereich zwischen der ersten Auffangelektrode (1) und der zweiten Auffangelektrode (2) ein Querfeldmagnet (4) zum Erzeugen eines transversalen Magnetfeldes angeordnet ist.3. Electron beam collector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a transverse field magnet (4) for generating a transverse magnetic field is arranged in the transition region between the first collecting electrode (1) and the second collecting electrode (2). 4. Elektronenstrahlauffänger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Auffängerboden (3) aus Kohlenstoff oder aufgerauh­tem Molybdän besteht.4. Electron beam collector according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the collector base (3) consists of carbon or roughened molybdenum.
EP87109715A 1986-07-16 1987-07-06 Transit time tube collector Withdrawn EP0253266A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3624052 1986-07-16
DE3624052 1986-07-16

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EP0253266A1 true EP0253266A1 (en) 1988-01-20

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE687590C (en) * 1934-02-24 1940-02-05 Telefunken Gmbh Device for generating ultra-short waves
FR991127A (en) * 1944-03-31 1951-10-01 Csf Improvements to vacuum tubes using intense electron beams
FR1137415A (en) * 1955-07-13 1957-05-28 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Wall, or anodic surface for pulse operated vacuum tube
US3179839A (en) * 1961-05-25 1965-04-20 Philips Corp Klystron collector with inner serrated surface for reducing electron return
US3202863A (en) * 1960-09-19 1965-08-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Crossed field collector
DE1907720A1 (en) * 1968-02-16 1969-09-18 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Electron beam tube with a collector cooled by a flowing coolant
US3549930A (en) * 1967-12-13 1970-12-22 Siemens Ag A collector for travelling wave tubes constructed of pyrolytic
FR2219518A1 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-20 Thomson Csf
DE2355902B1 (en) * 1973-11-08 1975-02-20 Siemens Ag Electron beam catcher for an electron beam tube

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE687590C (en) * 1934-02-24 1940-02-05 Telefunken Gmbh Device for generating ultra-short waves
FR991127A (en) * 1944-03-31 1951-10-01 Csf Improvements to vacuum tubes using intense electron beams
FR1137415A (en) * 1955-07-13 1957-05-28 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Wall, or anodic surface for pulse operated vacuum tube
US3202863A (en) * 1960-09-19 1965-08-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Crossed field collector
US3179839A (en) * 1961-05-25 1965-04-20 Philips Corp Klystron collector with inner serrated surface for reducing electron return
US3549930A (en) * 1967-12-13 1970-12-22 Siemens Ag A collector for travelling wave tubes constructed of pyrolytic
DE1907720A1 (en) * 1968-02-16 1969-09-18 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Electron beam tube with a collector cooled by a flowing coolant
FR2219518A1 (en) * 1973-02-23 1974-09-20 Thomson Csf
DE2355902B1 (en) * 1973-11-08 1975-02-20 Siemens Ag Electron beam catcher for an electron beam tube

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
R. CHAMPEIX: "Physique et technique des tubes électroniques", Tome II, "Théorie et fabrication des tubes", 1960, Seiten 62-67, Dunod, Paris, FR; *

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