EP0251902A1 - Tube breech block sealing system for guns - Google Patents

Tube breech block sealing system for guns Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0251902A1
EP0251902A1 EP87401459A EP87401459A EP0251902A1 EP 0251902 A1 EP0251902 A1 EP 0251902A1 EP 87401459 A EP87401459 A EP 87401459A EP 87401459 A EP87401459 A EP 87401459A EP 0251902 A1 EP0251902 A1 EP 0251902A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ring
cylinder head
cams
sealing
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87401459A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0251902B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Durand
Joel Marcon
Patrick Pochard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Direction General pour lArmement DGA, Etat Francais filed Critical Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Publication of EP0251902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251902A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0251902B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251902B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/74—Obturating or packing devices for gas leak prevention in breech mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a sealing device between the breech and the combustion chamber of a firearm and particularly of a large caliber weapon using ammunition without a casing, the closing movement of the breech being effected perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber, as for example in the case of a wedge cylinder head.
  • Patent FR-A-2 434 355 describes such a device in which the seal between the cylinder head and the combustion chamber is produced using a ring having a cylindrical lateral external surface allowing its adjustment in a housing of the movable cylinder head and a front surface which is applied to the rear face of the barrel in order to achieve sealing.
  • the front surface is brought into contact with the rear face of the barrel by the action of a pressure piston coming to press on a central zone of the seal.
  • Such a device results in the production of a complex cylinder head which must integrate, in addition to the firing system, the mechanism which must press on the central zone of the ring.
  • Patent FR-A-2 254 001 describes a sealing ring located in a housing of the combustion chamber, it is mounted with clearance in this housing and the pressure of the combustion gases has the effect of applying its surface of main seal on the cylinder head; a Belleville washer always maintains contact between the gasket and the cylinder head, which makes it possible to obtain the sealing effect with a very short response time, especially for large caliber weapons with significant play between the cylinder head and the back side of the barrel.
  • the proposed sealing ring may adhere to the interior of its housing in the chamber, which can cause a delay in the establishment of the seal and therefore gas leaks , all the more important since the play between the breech and the rear face of the barrel is necessarily large for manufacturing and mounting conveniences, (of the order of 1.5 mm) and therefore that the displacement that the ring must make under the effect of gases is not negligible.
  • the belleville spring described in the same patent makes it possible to solve this problem, but then, the opening and closing movements of the cylinder head being carried out with constant support of the ring, the forces exerted by the cylinder head on the latter will cause a angular tilting of its axis relative to the axis of its housing in the room. This tilting will cause a reduction in sealing due to wear of the ring housing and the surface of the cylinder head on which the latter is applied. Indeed, the front face of the ring, because it will form an angle with the cylinder head, will scratch the latter during the closing movement.
  • the invention proposes a sealing device, consisting of a ring which can be moved away from the cylinder head during the closing movement of the latter.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is to allow the ring to rest on the cylinder head during part of the closing movement, in order to rid the cylinder head of combustion residues, the ring then acting as a scraper; in fact, this support will not, thanks to the invention, cause the scratching of the scratches described above.
  • the invention consists of a sealing device between a breech and a combustion chamber of a weapon, said breech moving perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber to come to be positioned opposite an opening of the latter.
  • device constituted by an elastically deformable ring having a cylindrical lateral surface making it possible to ensure its adjustment in a housing of the combustion chamber, and having a frontal sealing surface coming from apply to a part of the cylinder head under the action of elastic means, characterized in that the ring has on the lateral surface two projections, symmetrical to one another by relative to the axis of the ring, on which act two cams, linked to the cylinder head, so as to apply the ring axially in its housing away from the cylinder head during part of the closing movement of the latter.
  • the cams have a profile such that they act on the projections of the sealing ring during the closing movement of the cylinder head so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, and then release the ring so that it comes to seal between the cylinder head and the combustion chamber.
  • the cams have a profile such that they act on the projections of the sealing ring during the closing movement of the cylinder head so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, and then let it come into contact with the latter, the projections then being at a distance (d) from the cams, distance chosen so as to limit, during the closing movement, the angular tilting of the ring relative to the axis of the chamber .
  • the elastic means acting on the sealing ring consist of a part of the ring itself.
  • the elastic means are constituted by a plurality of tongues distributed over the periphery of the ring, said tongues being arranged angularly relative to the lateral surface and being supported by their free end on the rear face of the weapon.
  • the sealing ring has one or more circular grooves on its front surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sealing ring 6 comprising a cylindrical lateral surface 13 fitted in a cylindrical housing 14 produced in a combustion chamber 2 of a weapon 1; a cylinder head 4 moving, guided by two bearing surfaces 21 and 22, perpendicular to the axis 7 of the combustion chamber comes to close the latter.
  • the seal is ensured by the support of a front surface 12 of the ring 6 on a face 11 of a firing plate 5, of cylindrical shape, integral with the cylinder head 4.
  • the firing plate is pierced with an opening (not shown) making it possible to ignite a propellant charge 23 contained in the combustion chamber, in a known manner, for example using the device described in patent FR-A-2464 451.
  • the support of the ring 6 on the firing plate 5 is obtained by means of elastic means constituted by four tongues 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) which are as many leaf springs pressing on a rear face 3 (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the sealing ring 6 also includes two projections 9 located in a plane perpendicular to the lateral surface 13 and symmetrical with each other with respect to the axis 24, projections of substantially parallelepiped shape, the largest face 28 projections 9 (see FIG. 2) being located in a plane perpendicular to the axis 24.
  • the ring also includes two circular grooves 15, concentric, of axis 24 hollowed out on the front surface 12.
  • Figures 5a and 5b schematically show the movable yoke 4 carrying a firing plate 5 and two cams 8 which are sheet metal plates cut according to a shape shown in Figure 5c; this substantially rectangular shape comprises a side 27 which bears on a flat surface 26 of the cylinder head, one side 20 and one side 19, parallel to the side 27, located, after mounting of the cam on the cylinder head, on the side of the ring sealing 6.
  • the two cams 8 are held in abutment on the surfaces 25 and made integral with the cylinder head 4 by means of fixing means, not shown, for example screws or rivets.
  • the assembly constituted by the cylinder head 4, the firing plate 5, and the cams 8 is such that the two cams have a symmetrical arrangement relative to a plane containing the axis 7 and parallel to the guide surface 22, this so to be able to come into contact, during the movement of the bolt, with the projections 9 of the ring 6.
  • the two cams are offset relative to the shooting plate 5 to the left in FIG. 5a, this for an explicit reason further.
  • Figure 6 shows the relative position of the cylinder head 4 and the sealing ring 6 when the cylinder head is open.
  • the front surface 12 of the sealing ring is at a distance D1 from the rear face 3 of the weapon and that the face 11 of the firing plate 5 is itself at a distance D2 from this same rear face 3, D2 being less than D1;
  • the closing movement which is a displacement of the yoke 4 in the direction 16, along the guide surfaces 21 and 22 would therefore bring into contact the lateral surface 13 of the ring with the firing plate 5;
  • the continuation of the closing movement would risk producing a tilting of the axis 24 of the ring with respect to the axis 7 of the chamber, tilting causing jamming of the ring in its housing; to avoid this drawback, the cams 8 come into contact with the projections 9, before there is contact between the ring 6 and the firing plate 5 (this is the reason for the offset arrangement of the cams 8 relative to the shooting plate; visible arrangement on the Figure 5a).
  • a chamfer 18c of the cam comes into contact with a chamfer 18 S of the projection, the closing movement of the cylinder head continuing, the zones 19 of the cams act on the projections 9 so as to move the ring 6 away from the plate.
  • shot 5 See FIG. 7) the front surface 12 is then at a distance D3 from the rear face 3 (D3 ⁇ D2).
  • the sealing ring is then in contact with the firing plate 5.
  • the purpose of this contact is to clean the firing plate, the combustion residues being expelled by the lateral surface of the ring 6.
  • the most large face 28 of the projections is parallel to the side 20 of the cams and located at a distance d on this side, this face 28 at a length L; the maximum angle of tilting of the axis 24 of the ring with respect to the axis 7 of the chamber is limited by the ratio d / L, the value of which is chosen so as to prevent jamming of the ring in his accommodation.
  • the cams 8 end up no longer facing the projections 9.
  • the closing movement is not completely finished, but the arrangement of the cams relative to the firing plate is such that when this situation intervenes, the axis of the firing plate is sufficiently close to the axis of the ring, the portion of the surface of the firing plate in contact with the front surface 12 of the ring is then large enough so that it does not can no longer be tilting of the axis 24 of the ring relative to the axis 7 of the chamber, and therefore that there can no longer be any jamming of the ring in its housing.
  • the cams act in a similar manner to previously.
  • the firing plate 5 is first cleaned by the friction of the sealing ring 6 while the sides 20 of the cams 8 cooperate with projections 9, to limit the axial tilting of the ring; then the sides 19 act on the projections 9 so as to move the face 12 away from the shooting plate.
  • the circular grooves 15 participate with the general shape of the ring 6 in maintaining the seal during the firing of the propellant charge. They play the role of baffles; if, as a result of the erosion of the ring, part of the gas reaches one of the grooves, there is an expansion of these gases which cannot escape towards the outside of the weapon.
  • the wear of the shooting plate is reduced; the parts subject to wear are the cams 8, inexpensive sheet metal parts which are easily interchangeable without long and costly dismantling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

1. A sealing system disposed between the breech (4) and the combustion chamber (2) of a weapon (1), the breech moving perpendicularly to the axis (7) of the combustion chamber so as to be positioned in front of an opening in the latter at the location of the rear face (3) of the weapon, a system consisting of an elastically deformable ring (6) having a cylindrical side surface (13) enabling it to fit into a housing (4) in the combustion chamber (2) and a front sealing surface (12) brought into contact with a portion of the breech (4) by elastic means, characterized in that the ring (6) comprises, in its side surface (13), two protrusions (9) symmetrical with each other as to the ring axis (24), associated with two cams (8) integral with the breech, which apply axially the ring in its housing (14) outwardly from the breech during a part of the breech locking motion.

Description

La présente invention décrit un dispositif d'étanchéité entre la culasse et la chambre de combustion d'une arme à feu et parti­culièrement d'une arme de gros calibre utilisant des munitions sans douille , le mouvement de fermeture de la culasse s'effectuant perpendiculairement à l'axe de la chambre de combustion , comme par exemple dans le cas d'une culasse à coin.The present invention describes a sealing device between the breech and the combustion chamber of a firearm and particularly of a large caliber weapon using ammunition without a casing, the closing movement of the breech being effected perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber, as for example in the case of a wedge cylinder head.

Le brevet FR-A-2 434 355 décrit un tel dispositif dans lequel l'étanchéité entre culasse et chambre de combustion est réalisée à l'aide d'un anneau présentant une surface extérieure latérale cylindrique permettant son ajustement dans un logement de la culasse mobile et une surface frontale venant s'appliquer sur la face arrière du canon afin de réaliser l'étanchéité . La surface frontale est amenée au contact de la face arrière du canon par l'action d'un piston presseur venant appuyer sur une zone centrale du joint.Patent FR-A-2 434 355 describes such a device in which the seal between the cylinder head and the combustion chamber is produced using a ring having a cylindrical lateral external surface allowing its adjustment in a housing of the movable cylinder head and a front surface which is applied to the rear face of the barrel in order to achieve sealing. The front surface is brought into contact with the rear face of the barrel by the action of a pressure piston coming to press on a central zone of the seal.

Au cours de la mise à feu de la charge propulsive, la pression des gaz générés dans la chambre de combustion vient s'exercer sur le joint et aurait pour effet d'éloigner celui-ci de la face arrière du canon, ce qui est préjudiciable au maintien de l'étanchéité. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire, lorsque l'anneau d'étanchéité est installé dans la culasse, de ménager des conduits d'amenée des gaz sous pression afin que celle-ci s'exerce des deux côtés du joint et équilibre ainsi ce dernier.During the firing of the propellant charge, the pressure of the gases generated in the combustion chamber is exerted on the seal and would have the effect of moving it away from the rear face of the barrel, which is detrimental maintaining the seal. This is why it is necessary, when the sealing ring is installed in the cylinder head, to provide conduits for supplying gases under pressure so that it is exerted on both sides of the seal and thus balances the latter. .

Un tel dispositif entraîne la réalisation d'une culasse complexe devant intégrer outre le système de mise à feu, le mécanisme devant appuyer sur la zone centrale de l'anneau.Such a device results in the production of a complex cylinder head which must integrate, in addition to the firing system, the mechanism which must press on the central zone of the ring.

Le brevet FR-A-2 254 001 décrit un anneau d'étanchéité situé dans un logement de la chambre de combustion, il est monté avec jeu dans ce logement et la pression des gaz de combustion a pour effet d'appliquer sa surface d'étanchéité principale sur la culasse ; une rondelle belleville permet de maintenir toujours le contact entre le joint et la culasse, ce qui permet d'obtenir l'effet d'étanchéité avec un temps de réponse très court surtout pour les armes de gros calibre présentant un jeu important entre la culasse et la face arrière du canon.Patent FR-A-2 254 001 describes a sealing ring located in a housing of the combustion chamber, it is mounted with clearance in this housing and the pressure of the combustion gases has the effect of applying its surface of main seal on the cylinder head; a Belleville washer always maintains contact between the gasket and the cylinder head, which makes it possible to obtain the sealing effect with a very short response time, especially for large caliber weapons with significant play between the cylinder head and the back side of the barrel.

Cependant, le dispositif décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2 254 001 présente certains inconvénients.However, the device described in patent FR-A-2 254 001 has certain drawbacks.

Utilisé pour réaliser l'étanchéité entre culasse et chambre, d'une arme de gros calibre, l'anneau d'étanchéité proposé risque d'adhérer à l'intérieur de son logement dans la chambre, ce qui peut entraîner un retard à l'établissement de l'étanchéité et donc des fuites de gaz, d'autant plus importantes que le jeu entre culasse et face arrière du canon est nécessairement important pour des commodités de fabrication et de montage, (de l'ordre de 1,5 mm) et donc que le déplacement que l'anneau doit effectuer sous l'effet des gaz n'est pas négligeable. Le ressort belleville décrit dans le même brevet permet de résoudre ce problème, mais alors, les mouvements d'ouverture et de fermeture de la culasse s'effectuant avec appui constant de l'anneau, les efforts exercés par la culasse sur ce dernier provoqueront un basculement angulaire de son axe par rapport à l'axe de son logement dans la chambre. Ce basculement entraînera une réduction de l'étanchéité due à une usure du logement de l'anneau et de la surface de la culasse sur laquelle ce dernier vient s'appliquer. En effet la face frontale de l'anneau, parce qu'elle formera un angle avec la culasse, rayera cette dernière au cours du mouvement de fermeture.Used to seal between cylinder head and chamber, of a large caliber weapon, the proposed sealing ring may adhere to the interior of its housing in the chamber, which can cause a delay in the establishment of the seal and therefore gas leaks , all the more important since the play between the breech and the rear face of the barrel is necessarily large for manufacturing and mounting conveniences, (of the order of 1.5 mm) and therefore that the displacement that the ring must make under the effect of gases is not negligible. The belleville spring described in the same patent makes it possible to solve this problem, but then, the opening and closing movements of the cylinder head being carried out with constant support of the ring, the forces exerted by the cylinder head on the latter will cause a angular tilting of its axis relative to the axis of its housing in the room. This tilting will cause a reduction in sealing due to wear of the ring housing and the surface of the cylinder head on which the latter is applied. Indeed, the front face of the ring, because it will form an angle with the cylinder head, will scratch the latter during the closing movement.

Pour résoudre ces problèmes l'invention propose un dispositif d'étanchéité, constitué par un anneau pouvant être éloigné de la culasse au cours du mouvement de fermeture de cette dernière.To solve these problems, the invention proposes a sealing device, consisting of a ring which can be moved away from the cylinder head during the closing movement of the latter.

Un autre avantage de la présente invention est d'autoriser un appui de l'anneau sur la culasse pendant une partie du mouvement de fermeture, cela afin de débarasser la culasse des résidus de combustion, l'anneau agissant alors comme racleur ; en effet, cet appui n'entraînera pas, grâce à l'invention, le basculement générateur de rayures décrit précédemment .Another advantage of the present invention is to allow the ring to rest on the cylinder head during part of the closing movement, in order to rid the cylinder head of combustion residues, the ring then acting as a scraper; in fact, this support will not, thanks to the invention, cause the scratching of the scratches described above.

L'invention consiste en un dispositif d'étanchéité entre une culasse et une chambre de combustion d'une arme, ladite culasse se déplaçant perpendiculairement à l'axe de la chambre de combustion pour venir se positionner en regard d'une ouverture de cette dernière au niveau d'une face arrière de l'arme, dispositif constitué par un anneau déformable élastiquement présentant une surface latérale cylindrique permettant d'assurer son ajustement dans un logement de la chambre de combustion, et présentant une surface d'étanchéité frontale venant s'appliquer sur une partie de la culasse sous l'action de moyens élastiques, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau comporte sur la surface latérale deux saillies, symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport à l'axe de l'anneau, sur lesquelles viennent agir deux cames, liées à la culasse, de façon à appliquer axialement l'anneau dans son logement en éloignement de la culasse pen­dant une partie du mouvement de fermeture de cette dernière.The invention consists of a sealing device between a breech and a combustion chamber of a weapon, said breech moving perpendicular to the axis of the combustion chamber to come to be positioned opposite an opening of the latter. at a rear face of the weapon, device constituted by an elastically deformable ring having a cylindrical lateral surface making it possible to ensure its adjustment in a housing of the combustion chamber, and having a frontal sealing surface coming from apply to a part of the cylinder head under the action of elastic means, characterized in that the ring has on the lateral surface two projections, symmetrical to one another by relative to the axis of the ring, on which act two cams, linked to the cylinder head, so as to apply the ring axially in its housing away from the cylinder head during part of the closing movement of the latter.

Les cames ont un profil tel qu'elles agissent sur les saillies de l'anneau d'étanchéité au cours du mouvement de fermeture de la culasse de façon à éloigner dans un premier temps l'anneau de la culasse, puis dans un deuxième temps à libérer l'anneau de façon à ce qu'il vienne réaliser l'étanchéité entre la culasse et la chambre de combustion.The cams have a profile such that they act on the projections of the sealing ring during the closing movement of the cylinder head so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, and then release the ring so that it comes to seal between the cylinder head and the combustion chamber.

Les cames ont un profil tel qu'elles agissent sur les saillies de l'anneau d'étanchéité au cours du mouvement de fermeture de la culasse de façon à éloigner dans un premier temps l'anneau de la culasse, puis dans un deuxième temps à le laisser venir en contact avec cette dernière, les saillies se trouvant alors à une distance (d) des cames, distance choisie de façon à limiter au cours du mouvement de fermeture le bas­culement angulaire de l'anneau relativement à l'axe de la chambre.The cams have a profile such that they act on the projections of the sealing ring during the closing movement of the cylinder head so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, and then let it come into contact with the latter, the projections then being at a distance (d) from the cams, distance chosen so as to limit, during the closing movement, the angular tilting of the ring relative to the axis of the chamber .

Les moyens élastiques agissant sur l'anneau d'étanchéité sont constitués par une partie de l'anneau lui-­même.The elastic means acting on the sealing ring consist of a part of the ring itself.

Les moyens élastiques sont constitués par une plura­lité de languettes réparties sur la périphérie de l'anneau, lesdites languettes étant disposées angulairement par rapport à la surface latérale et étant en appui par leur extrémité li­bre sur la face arrière de l'arme.The elastic means are constituted by a plurality of tongues distributed over the periphery of the ring, said tongues being arranged angularly relative to the lateral surface and being supported by their free end on the rear face of the weapon.

L'anneau d'étanchéité comporte sur sa surface fron­tale un ou plusieurs sillons circulaires.The sealing ring has one or more circular grooves on its front surface.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description donnée ci-après d'un mode de réalisation parti­culier en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une représentation schématique du dispositif d'étanchéité, la culasse étant fermée.
  • - la figure 2 est une vue suivant la direction X de la figure 1.
  • - les figures 3 et 4 représentent l'anneau d'étanchéité seul, la figure 4 étant une vue coupée suivant le plan B.B. de la figure 3.
  • Les figures 5a et 5b représentent la culasse seule, la figure 5b étant une vue suivant la direction Z de la figure 5a ; la figure 5c repré­sente le profil de la came.
  • Les figures 6 à 8 représentent de façon schématique les différentes phases du mouvement de fermeture de la culasse. La figure 6 visualisant la position ouverte et les figures 7 et 8 des positions intermédiaires entre la position ouverte et la position fermée.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description given below of a particular embodiment with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the sealing device, the cylinder head being closed.
  • - Figure 2 is a view in the direction X of Figure 1.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent the sealing ring alone, FIG. 4 being a view cut along the plane BB of FIG. 3.
  • Figures 5a and 5b show the cylinder head only, Figure 5b being a view in the direction Z of Figure 5a; Figure 5c shows the profile of the cam.
  • Figures 6 to 8 show schematically the different phases of the cylinder head closing movement. Figure 6 showing the open position and Figures 7 and 8 of the intermediate positions between the open position and the closed position.

La figure 1 montre un anneau d'étanchéité 6 comportant une surface latérale cylindrique 13 ajustée dans un logement cylindrique 14 réalisé dans une chambre de combustion 2 d'une arme 1 ; une culasse 4 se déplaçant, guidée par deux surfaces d'appui 21 et 22, perpen­diculairement à l'axe 7 de la chambre de combustion vient fermer cette dernière.FIG. 1 shows a sealing ring 6 comprising a cylindrical lateral surface 13 fitted in a cylindrical housing 14 produced in a combustion chamber 2 of a weapon 1; a cylinder head 4 moving, guided by two bearing surfaces 21 and 22, perpendicular to the axis 7 of the combustion chamber comes to close the latter.

L'étanchéité est assurée par l'appui d'une surface frontale 12 de l'anneau 6 sur une face 11 d'une plaque de tir 5, de forme cylindrique, solidaire de la culasse 4. La plaque de tir est percée d'une ouverture (non représentée) permettant de réaliser la mise à feu d'une charge propulsive 23 contenue dans la chambre de combustion, cela d'une façon connue, par exemple à l'aide du dispositif décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2464 451 . L'appui de l'anneau 6 sur la plaque de tir 5 est obtenu grâce à des moyens élastiques constitués par quatre languettes 10 (voir figures 3 et 4) qui sont autant de lames-ressort appuyant sur une face arrière 3 (voir figure 2). La résultante des efforts élémentaires exercés par chacun de ces ressorts est confondue avec l'axe 7 en raison de la symétrie de l'ensemble des languettes 10 relativement à l'axe 24 de l'anneau (voir figure 4) ; il n'y a donc pas de coincement de la surface latérale 13 dans son logement 14 lorsqu'on exerce sur l'anneau un effort selon l'axe 7 et dirigé vers l'intérieur de la chambre 2.The seal is ensured by the support of a front surface 12 of the ring 6 on a face 11 of a firing plate 5, of cylindrical shape, integral with the cylinder head 4. The firing plate is pierced with an opening (not shown) making it possible to ignite a propellant charge 23 contained in the combustion chamber, in a known manner, for example using the device described in patent FR-A-2464 451. The support of the ring 6 on the firing plate 5 is obtained by means of elastic means constituted by four tongues 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) which are as many leaf springs pressing on a rear face 3 (see FIG. 2 ). The result of the elementary forces exerted by each of these springs is coincident with the axis 7 due to the symmetry of all the tongues 10 relative to the axis 24 of the ring (see FIG. 4); there is therefore no jamming of the lateral surface 13 in its housing 14 when a force is exerted on the ring along the axis 7 and directed towards the interior of the chamber 2.

Les dimensions à donner aux languettes 10 en vue de leur donner la raideur permettant d'assurer un effort presseur minimum sont déterminées aisément par l'homme de l'art à l'aide de notions simples de résistance des matériaux.The dimensions to be given to the tongues 10 in order to give them the stiffness which makes it possible to ensure a minimum pressing force are easily determined by those skilled in the art using simple notions of material resistance.

L'anneau d'étanchéité 6 comporte aussi deux saillies 9 situées dans un plan perpendiculaire à la surface latérale 13 et symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport à l'axe 24, saillies de forme sensi­blement parallélépipédique, la plus grande face 28 des saillies 9 (voir figure 2) étant située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe 24. Enfin l'anneau comporte aussi deux sillons 15 circulaires, concentriques, d'axe 24 creusés sur la surface frontale 12.The sealing ring 6 also includes two projections 9 located in a plane perpendicular to the lateral surface 13 and symmetrical with each other with respect to the axis 24, projections of substantially parallelepiped shape, the largest face 28 projections 9 (see FIG. 2) being located in a plane perpendicular to the axis 24. Finally, the ring also includes two circular grooves 15, concentric, of axis 24 hollowed out on the front surface 12.

Les figures 5a et 5b représentent schématiquement la culasse mobile 4 portant une plaque de tir 5 ainsi que deux cames 8 qui sont des plaques de tôle découpées selon une forme représentée figure 5c; cette forme sensiblement rectangulaire comprend un côté 27 qui vient en appui sur une surface plane 26 de la culasse un côté 20 et un côté 19, parallèles au côté 27, situés, après montage de la came sur la culasse, du côté de l'anneau d'étanchéité 6.Figures 5a and 5b schematically show the movable yoke 4 carrying a firing plate 5 and two cams 8 which are sheet metal plates cut according to a shape shown in Figure 5c; this substantially rectangular shape comprises a side 27 which bears on a flat surface 26 of the cylinder head, one side 20 and one side 19, parallel to the side 27, located, after mounting of the cam on the cylinder head, on the side of the ring sealing 6.

Les deux cames 8 sont maintenues en appui sur les surfaces 25 et rendues solidaires de la culasse 4 à l'aide de moyens de fixation non représentés, par exemple des vis ou des rivets.The two cams 8 are held in abutment on the surfaces 25 and made integral with the cylinder head 4 by means of fixing means, not shown, for example screws or rivets.

L'ensemble constitué par la culasse 4, la plaque de tir 5, et les cames 8 est tel que les deux cames ont une disposition symétrique relativement à un plan contenant l'axe 7 et parallèle à la surface de guidage 22, cela de façon à pouvoir venir en contact, au cours du mouvement de la culasse, avec les saillies 9 de l'anneau 6. Les deux cames sont décalées par rapport à la plaque de tir 5 vers la gauche sur la figure 5a, cela pour une raison explicitée plus loin.The assembly constituted by the cylinder head 4, the firing plate 5, and the cams 8 is such that the two cams have a symmetrical arrangement relative to a plane containing the axis 7 and parallel to the guide surface 22, this so to be able to come into contact, during the movement of the bolt, with the projections 9 of the ring 6. The two cams are offset relative to the shooting plate 5 to the left in FIG. 5a, this for an explicit reason further.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif est le suivant, en se reportant aux figures 6 à 8 ; la figure 6 montre la diposition relative de la culasse 4 et de l'anneau d'étanchéité 6 quand la culasse est ouverte.The operation of the device is as follows, referring to Figures 6 to 8; Figure 6 shows the relative position of the cylinder head 4 and the sealing ring 6 when the cylinder head is open.

On constate que la surface frontale 12 de l'anneau d'étanchéité se trouve à une distance D1 de la face arrière 3 de l'arme et que la face 11 de la plaque de tir 5 se trouve, elle, à une distance D2 de cette même face arrière 3, D2 étant inférieure à D1 ; le mouvement de fermeture qui est un déplacement de la culasse 4 suivant la direction 16, le long des surfaces de guidage 21 et 22 amènerait donc un contact de la surface latérale 13 de l'anneau avec la plaque de tir 5 ; la poursuite du mouvement de fermeture risquerait de produire un basculement de l'axe 24 de l'anneau par rapport à l'axe 7 de la chambre, basculement entraînant coincement de l'anneau dans son logement ; pour éviter cet inconvénient, les cames 8 viennent en contact avec les saillies 9, avant qu'il y ait contact entre l'anneau 6 et la plaque de tir 5 (c'est la raison de la disposition décalée des cames 8 par rapport à la plaque de tir ; disposition visible sur la figure 5a). Un chanfrein 18c de la came vient en contact avec un chanfrein 18 S de la saillie, le mouvement de fermeture de la culasse se poursuivant, les zones 19 des cames agissent sur les saillies 9 de façon à éloigner l'anneau 6 de la plaque de tir 5 (Voir figure 7) la surface frontale 12 est alors à une distance D3 de la face arrière 3 (D3 < D2).It can be seen that the front surface 12 of the sealing ring is at a distance D1 from the rear face 3 of the weapon and that the face 11 of the firing plate 5 is itself at a distance D2 from this same rear face 3, D2 being less than D1; the closing movement which is a displacement of the yoke 4 in the direction 16, along the guide surfaces 21 and 22 would therefore bring into contact the lateral surface 13 of the ring with the firing plate 5; the continuation of the closing movement would risk producing a tilting of the axis 24 of the ring with respect to the axis 7 of the chamber, tilting causing jamming of the ring in its housing; to avoid this drawback, the cams 8 come into contact with the projections 9, before there is contact between the ring 6 and the firing plate 5 (this is the reason for the offset arrangement of the cams 8 relative to the shooting plate; visible arrangement on the Figure 5a). A chamfer 18c of the cam comes into contact with a chamfer 18 S of the projection, the closing movement of the cylinder head continuing, the zones 19 of the cams act on the projections 9 so as to move the ring 6 away from the plate. shot 5 (See FIG. 7) the front surface 12 is then at a distance D3 from the rear face 3 (D3 <D2).

Lorsque le mouvement de fermeture de la culasse se poursuit on finit par se trouver dans la disposition représentée figure 8 ; c'est alors le côté 20 des cames qui se trouve en regard des saillies 9, mais sans qu'il y ait contact avec ces dernières.When the closing movement of the cylinder head continues, it ends up being in the arrangement shown in FIG. 8; it is then the side 20 of the cams which is opposite the projections 9, but without there being contact with the latter.

L'anneau d'étanchéité est alors en contact avec la plaque de tir 5. Ce contact a pour but de réaliser un nettoyage de la plaque de tir, les résidus de combustion étant chassés par la surface latérale de l'anneau 6. La plus grande face 28 des saillies se trouve parallèle au côté 20 des cames et située à une distance d de ce côté, cette face 28 à une longueur L ; l'angle maximum de basculement de l'axe 24 de l'anneau par rapport à l'axe 7 de la chambre se trouve limité par le rapport d/L dont la valeur est choisie de façon à interdire le coincement de l'anneau dans son logement.The sealing ring is then in contact with the firing plate 5. The purpose of this contact is to clean the firing plate, the combustion residues being expelled by the lateral surface of the ring 6. The most large face 28 of the projections is parallel to the side 20 of the cams and located at a distance d on this side, this face 28 at a length L; the maximum angle of tilting of the axis 24 of the ring with respect to the axis 7 of the chamber is limited by the ratio d / L, the value of which is chosen so as to prevent jamming of the ring in his accommodation.

Quand le mouvement de fermeture se poursuit, les cames 8 finissent par ne plus être en regard des saillies 9. Le mouvement de fermeture n'est pas totalement terminé , mais la disposition des cames relativement à la plaque de tir est telle que lorsque cette situation intervient, l'axe de la plaque de tir est suffisamment proche de l'axe de l'anneau, la portion de surface de plaque de tir en contact avec la surface frontale 12 de l'anneau est alors suffisamment importante pour qu'il ne puisse plus y avoir basculement de l'axe 24 de l'anneau par rapport à l'axe 7 de la chambre, et donc qu'il ne puisse plus y avoir de coincement de l'anneau dans son logement.When the closing movement continues, the cams 8 end up no longer facing the projections 9. The closing movement is not completely finished, but the arrangement of the cams relative to the firing plate is such that when this situation intervenes, the axis of the firing plate is sufficiently close to the axis of the ring, the portion of the surface of the firing plate in contact with the front surface 12 of the ring is then large enough so that it does not can no longer be tilting of the axis 24 of the ring relative to the axis 7 of the chamber, and therefore that there can no longer be any jamming of the ring in its housing.

Dans l'exemple décrit les cames choisies telles que pour une distance D2 = 1,5 mm et D1 = 2,8 on obtienne D3 = 1,2 mm = (jeu entre anneau et plaque de tir = 0,3mm), et d=0,15 mm la longueur L étant égale à 29 mm.In the example described, the cams chosen such that for a distance D2 = 1.5 mm and D1 = 2.8 we obtain D3 = 1.2 mm = (clearance between ring and shooting plate = 0.3mm), and d = 0.15 mm, the length L being equal to 29 mm.

Lorsque la culasse 4 se déplace dans la direction 17 au cours du mouvement d'ouverture de la chambre, les cames agissent de façon analogue à précédemment. La plaque de tir 5 est d'abord nettoyée par le frottement de l'anneau d'étanchéité 6 pendant que les côtés 20 des cames 8 coopèrent avec les saillies 9, pour limiter le basculement axial de l'anneau ; puis les côtés 19 agissent sur les saillies 9 de façon à éloigner la face 12 de la plaque de tir.When the cylinder head 4 moves in the direction 17 during the opening movement of the chamber, the cams act in a similar manner to previously. The firing plate 5 is first cleaned by the friction of the sealing ring 6 while the sides 20 of the cams 8 cooperate with projections 9, to limit the axial tilting of the ring; then the sides 19 act on the projections 9 so as to move the face 12 away from the shooting plate.

Il est possible de n'utiliser le côté 19 des cames que dans le cas d'une ouverture de la culasse dégageant complètement l'anneau en vue de son démontage, la position normale d'ouverture de la culasse pour le chargement de la chambre étant celle pour laquelle les saillies 9 sont en regard des côtés 20 des cames 8.It is possible to use the side 19 of the cams only in the case of an opening of the cylinder head completely releasing the ring for disassembly, the normal position of opening of the cylinder head for loading the chamber being that for which the projections 9 are opposite the sides 20 of the cams 8.

Les sillons circulaires 15 participent avec la forme générale de l'anneau 6 au maintien de l'étanchéité au cours de la mise à feu de la charge propulsive. Ils jouent le rôle de chicanes ; si par suite de l'érosion de l'anneau une partie de gaz parvient à l'un des sillons, il se produit une détente de ces gaz qui ne peuvent pas s'échapper vers l'extérieur de l'arme.The circular grooves 15 participate with the general shape of the ring 6 in maintaining the seal during the firing of the propellant charge. They play the role of baffles; if, as a result of the erosion of the ring, part of the gas reaches one of the grooves, there is an expansion of these gases which cannot escape towards the outside of the weapon.

Pour s'affranchir des inconvénients résultants d'un mauvais montage de l'anneau d'étanchéité 6 dans son logement, il est souhaitable de prévoir sur la face arrière 3 de l'arme des logements dans lesquels viendront se positionner les languettes 10 de l'anneau d'étanchéité 6; on garantira alors la rencontre des cames 8 avec les saillies 9 au cours du mouvement de fermeture de la culasse et donc le bon fonctionnement du dispositif.To overcome the drawbacks resulting from improper mounting of the sealing ring 6 in its housing, it is desirable to provide on the rear face 3 of the weapon housing in which will be positioned the tabs 10 of the 'sealing ring 6; we will then guarantee that the cams 8 meet the projections 9 during the closing movement of the cylinder head and therefore the proper functioning of the device.

On ne sortirait pas du cadre de la présente invention en modifiant la forme des saillies 9 au des cames 8, si le résultat obtenu, éloigner l'anneau de la culasse pendant le mouvement de fermeture de cette dernière, restait le même. En particulier il est possible d'adapter l'invention à un dispositif de fermeture de culasse par mouvement de rotation de cette dernière autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de la chambre.It would not be departing from the scope of the present invention to modify the shape of the projections 9 to the cams 8, if the result obtained, moving the ring away from the cylinder head during the closing movement of the latter, remained the same. In particular, it is possible to adapt the invention to a cylinder head closing device by rotary movement of the latter around an axis parallel to the axis of the chamber.

On peut noter enfin qu'avec le dispositif selon l'invention l'usure de la plaque de tir se trouve réduite ; les pièces sujettes à usure sont les cames 8, pièces de tôle peu coûteuses et facilement interchangeables sans démontages longs et coûteux.Finally, it can be noted that with the device according to the invention the wear of the shooting plate is reduced; the parts subject to wear are the cams 8, inexpensive sheet metal parts which are easily interchangeable without long and costly dismantling.

Claims (6)

1 - Dispositif d'étanchéité entre une culasse (4) et une chambre de combustion (2) d'une arme (1), la culasse se déplaçant perpendiculairement à l'axe (7) de la chambre de combustion pour venir se positionner en regard d'une ouverture de cette dernière au niveau d'une face arrière (3) de l'arme, dispositif constitué par un anneau (6) déformable élastique­ment, présentant une surface latérale (13) cylindrique permet­tant d'assurer son ajustement dans un logement (14) de la chambre de combustion (2) et une surface détanchéité frontale (12) venant s'appliquer sur une partie de la culasse (4) sous l'action de moyens élastiques, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau (6) comporte sur la surface latérale (13) deux saillies (9), symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport à l'axe (24) de l'anneau, sur lesquelles viennent agir deux cames (8), liées à la culasse, de façon à appliquer axialement l'anneau dans son logement (14) en éloignement de la culasse pendant une partie du mouvement de fermeture de cette dernière.1 - Sealing device between a breech (4) and a combustion chamber (2) of a weapon (1), the breech moving perpendicular to the axis (7) of the combustion chamber to come to position in sight of an opening of the latter at a rear face (3) of the weapon, device constituted by a ring (6) elastically deformable, having a lateral surface (13) cylindrical allowing to ensure its adjustment in a housing (14) of the combustion chamber (2) and a frontal sealing surface (12) which is applied to a part of the cylinder head (4) under the action of elastic means, characterized in that the ring (6 ) comprises on the lateral surface (13) two projections (9), symmetrical to one another with respect to the axis (24) of the ring, on which two cams (8) come to act, linked to the cylinder head, so as to apply the ring axially in its housing (14) away from the cylinder head during part of the closing movement of this te last. 2 - Dispositif d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les cames (8) ont un profil tel qu'elles agissent sur les saillies (9) de l'anneau d'étanchéité (6) au cours du mouvement de fermeture de la culasse (4) de façon à éloigner dans un premier temps l'anneau de la culasse, puis dans un deuxième temps à libérer l'anneau de façon à ce qu'il vienne réaliser l'étanchéité entre la culasse (4) et la chambre de combustion (2).2 - sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cams (8) have a profile such that they act on the projections (9) of the sealing ring (6) during the closing movement of the cylinder head (4) so as to move the ring away from the cylinder head first, then in a second time to release the ring so that it comes to seal between the cylinder head (4) and the combustion chamber (2). 3 - Dispositif d'étanchéité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les cames (8) ont un profil tel qu'elles agissent sur les saillies (9) de l'anneau d'étanchéité (6) au cours du mouvement de fermeture de la culasse (4) de façon à éloigner dans un premier temps l'anneau de la culasse, puis dans un deuxième temps à le laisser venir en contact avec cette dernière, les saillies se trouvant alors à une distance (d) des cames, distance choisie de façon à li­miter au cours du mouvement de fermeture le basculement angu­laire de l'anneau (6) relativement à l'axe (7) de la chambre.3 - sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cams (8) have a profile such that they act on the projections (9) of the sealing ring (6) during the closing movement from the cylinder head (4) so as to firstly move the ring from the cylinder head, then secondly to let it come into contact with the latter, the projections then being at a distance (d) from the cams, distance chosen so as to limit, during the closing movement, the angular tilting of the ring (6) relative to the axis (7) of the chamber. 4 - Dispositif d'étanchéité selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens élastiques (10) agissant sur l'anneau d'étanchéité sont constitués par une partie de l'anneau lui-même.4 - Sealing device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastic means (10) acting on the sealing ring are constituted by a part of the ring itself. 5 - Dispositif d'étanchéité selon la revendication 4, caracté­risé en ce que les moyens élastiques sont constitués par une pluralité de languettes (10) réparties sur la périphérie de l'anneau (6), lesdites languettes étant disposées angulairement par rapport à la surface latérale (13) et étant en appui par leur extrémité libre sur la face arrière (3) de l'arme.5 - Sealing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic means consist of a plurality of tongues (10) distributed over the periphery of the ring (6), said tongues being arranged angularly relative to the surface lateral (13) and being supported by their free end on the rear face (3) of the weapon. 6 - Dispositif d'étanchéité selon l'une quelconque des revendi­cations 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau d'étanchéité (6) comporte sur sa surface frontale (12) un ou plusieurs sillons circulaires (15).6 - Sealing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sealing ring (6) has on its front surface (12) one or more circular grooves (15).
EP19870401459 1986-06-25 1987-06-25 Tube breech block sealing system for guns Expired EP0251902B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8609172 1986-06-25
FR8609172A FR2600762B1 (en) 1986-06-25 1986-06-25 HEAD TUBE SEALING SYSTEM

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EP0251902A1 true EP0251902A1 (en) 1988-01-07
EP0251902B1 EP0251902B1 (en) 1989-10-11

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EP19870401459 Expired EP0251902B1 (en) 1986-06-25 1987-06-25 Tube breech block sealing system for guns

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EP (1) EP0251902B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3760768D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2600762B1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2242011A (en) * 1990-02-28 1991-09-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Obturator arrangement
US5054366A (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-10-08 Rheinmetall Gmbh Axially adjustable gun barrel base ring
GB2278187A (en) * 1993-05-20 1994-11-23 British Aerospace Infantry weapons
FR2728064A1 (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-14 Giat Ind Sa SEALING DEVICE FOR FIREARMS HAVING AMMUNITION WITHOUT SOCKET
US7171886B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2007-02-06 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Pipe mortar
CN112504007A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-16 河北燕兴机械有限公司 Latch body gas-closing structure for recoilless gun

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2998755A (en) * 1960-02-01 1961-09-05 Robert J Thierry Traversely swinging gun breech with obturating seal
US3420139A (en) * 1966-12-14 1969-01-07 Rheinmetall Gmbh Wedge breech block for guns with exchangeable ring packings
US3446113A (en) * 1967-09-01 1969-05-27 Trw Inc Sealed open chamber breech mechanism

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2998755A (en) * 1960-02-01 1961-09-05 Robert J Thierry Traversely swinging gun breech with obturating seal
US3420139A (en) * 1966-12-14 1969-01-07 Rheinmetall Gmbh Wedge breech block for guns with exchangeable ring packings
US3446113A (en) * 1967-09-01 1969-05-27 Trw Inc Sealed open chamber breech mechanism

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5054366A (en) * 1989-07-07 1991-10-08 Rheinmetall Gmbh Axially adjustable gun barrel base ring
GB2242011A (en) * 1990-02-28 1991-09-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Obturator arrangement
US5147971A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-09-15 Rheinmetall Gmbh Base and obturating ring arrangement
GB2242011B (en) * 1990-02-28 1994-02-16 Rheinmetall Gmbh Obturator arrangement for a gun
GB2278187A (en) * 1993-05-20 1994-11-23 British Aerospace Infantry weapons
GB2278187B (en) * 1993-05-20 1996-10-30 British Aerospace Infantry weapons
FR2728064A1 (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-14 Giat Ind Sa SEALING DEVICE FOR FIREARMS HAVING AMMUNITION WITHOUT SOCKET
EP0717253A1 (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-19 Giat Industries Obturator for caseless ammunition firearm
US5777256A (en) * 1994-12-12 1998-07-07 Giat Industries Sealing device for a weapon firing caseless ammunition
US7171886B2 (en) * 2002-03-28 2007-02-06 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Pipe mortar
CN112504007A (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-03-16 河北燕兴机械有限公司 Latch body gas-closing structure for recoilless gun
CN112504007B (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-08-16 河北燕兴机械有限公司 Latch body gas-closing structure for recoilless gun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2600762B1 (en) 1990-04-27
EP0251902B1 (en) 1989-10-11
FR2600762A1 (en) 1987-12-31
DE3760768D1 (en) 1989-11-16

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