EP0251396A1 - Connecteur de dérivation pour câble coaxial - Google Patents

Connecteur de dérivation pour câble coaxial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0251396A1
EP0251396A1 EP87201182A EP87201182A EP0251396A1 EP 0251396 A1 EP0251396 A1 EP 0251396A1 EP 87201182 A EP87201182 A EP 87201182A EP 87201182 A EP87201182 A EP 87201182A EP 0251396 A1 EP0251396 A1 EP 0251396A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
channel
feed
cable
branch connector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87201182A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0251396B1 (fr
Inventor
Laurentius Maria Verhoeven
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DuPont de Nemours Nederland BV
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
DuPont de Nemours Nederland BV
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DuPont de Nemours Nederland BV, EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical DuPont de Nemours Nederland BV
Priority to AT87201182T priority Critical patent/ATE80757T1/de
Publication of EP0251396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251396A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0251396B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251396B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/54—Intermediate parts, e.g. adapters, splitters or elbows
    • H01R24/542—Adapters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a branch connector for coaxial cable having at least one inner conductor surrounded by an inner insulation sheath, said inner sheath being surrounded by at least one outer con­ductor and an outer insulation sheath respectively, said branch connect­or comprising an elongated housing of electrically conductive material, at least one end of which is provided with a feed-through channel for receiving the cable and at least one electrically conductive tooth adapted for contacting the outer conductor of the cable, an electrically conductive penetration pin axially arranged in the housing, said pe­netration pin being electrically insulated from the housing, at least one end of said penetration pin having a point radially penetrating in the one feed-through channel and adapted for contacting the inner con­ductor of the cable and with an insulation sheath for preventing elec­trical contact with the outer conductor of the contacted cable, and a at least one clamping element for retaining the contacted cable in the one feed-through channel.
  • a branch connector of this type is known from U.K. Patent applicat­ion GB-A-2 082 850.
  • a large number of units can be interconnected by means of coaxial cable and for that purpose have suitable coaxial junction boxes. These local interconnection networks are therefore largely built up of coaxial cable.
  • branching of a cable in use can be achieved, but this requires two successive operations.
  • the coaxial cable to be branched must be confined in the feed-through chanel using finger pressure, in which for contacting said cable an adequate amount of force is required.
  • a stiff cable i.e. a cable with in­sulation sheats of a mechanically hard to penetrate material or a cable with relative thick conductors, a considerable amount of force may be required.
  • a connector cover After the cable is seated in the feed-through channel, a connector cover has to be slideably fitted over the feed-through channel, to pre­vent the cable from being pressed out of the feed-through channel.
  • this connector cover it is required that the cable is com­pletely received in the feed-through channel, as seen in longitudinal direction of the housing of the connector.
  • the connector cover provides no relieve against tensile forces in longitudinal direct­ion of the cable. These tensile forces will be fully transferred to the penetration pin and the at least one tooth, which is not favourable to the reliability and durability of the electrical connections.
  • the object of the in­vention is to provide a branch connector of the type referred to in the preamble, with which coaxial cables can be durably and reliably branched in one rapid and simple operation.
  • the branch connector according to the invention is characterized in thart said housing is circular cylindrical in shape, the penetration pin is locked inside the housing on a trans­verse supporting disc of insulation material, while the at least one clamping element consists of a screwed sleeve with a corresponding feed­through channel at one end thereof and adapted to be fitted over the jacket of the cylindrical housing, and a screw cap for coupling with said screwed sleeve for contacting and firmly retaining the cable in the one feed-through channel.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the housing and the screwed sleeve are provided with means for re­taining and positioning the screwed sleeve in such a way that in the fitted state the one feed-through channel is open for receiving to co­axial cable, as a result of which displacement of the cable in longi­tudinal direction of the housing is also excluded.
  • the coaxial cable has to be received and contacted in the feed-through channel by finger pressure.
  • Such uncontrolled push-in can lead to deformation of the cable, and the possibility that the penetration pin penetrates not exactly radially in the cable, as result of which the inner conductor can be insufficiently contacted so that no reliable connection will be established, or the penetration pin may even arrive in the inner ins­lation sheat adjacent the inner conductor, without contacting the latter.
  • a tubular pressure element is provided concentrically inside the screw cap, said pressure element being adapted to fit into the housing, and one closed end face of said pressure element coincides with the open end of the screw cap.
  • an approximatley U-shaped supporting surface is pro- vided inside the screwed sleeve, said U-shaped supporting surface having openings for feeding through the penetration pin and the at least one tooth, said supporting surface together with U-shaped notched in the one screw-threaded end of the screwed sleeve forming the corresponding feed- through channel.
  • the penetration pin In contacted state the penetration pin may make contact by means of its conducting point only with the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. In order to avoid faulty contacts as much as possible, one must also prevent the penetration pin from moving in axial and/or radial direction inside the housing.
  • the penetration pin is attached to a carrier strip on which the in­sulation material of the transverse supporting disc grips for the pur­pose of preventing axial and radial shifting of the penetration pin within the supporting disc, and the end of said penetration pin which is to penetrate into the cable is enclosed over a part by the insulation material of the supporting disc, in order to prevent electrical contact with the outer conductor of the contacted coaxial cable.
  • the other end of the penetration pin as a contact socket or contact pin, one forms together with the other end of the cir­cular cylindrical housing, not provided with the one feed-through chan­nel, either a coaxial coupling socket or a coaxial plug for connecting in a simple manner the cable or equipment to be connected.
  • the branch connector designed in this way according to the invention can also advantageously be used as the end connector for a co­axial cable.
  • the supporting disc with the penetration pin is detachably locked inside the housing, it is with one type of housing and clamping means possible to form a branch connector with either a coaxial coupling socket or a co­axial plug output, simply by replacing the supporting disc with the pe­netration pin.
  • a further embodiment of the branch connector according to the invention is characterized in that at the other end of the housing a second feed-through channel of the same type with at least one tooth is provided, and the other end of the pene­tration pin is also designed as a point, whereby a second coaxial cable can be received in said second feed-through channel, contacted and re­tained with a second clamping element of the same type.
  • the preferred embodiment of the branch connector according to the invention illustrated in Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical housing 1 of spring­loaded electrically conducting material with a longitudinal seam 2. This longitudinal seam is closed under the influence of the spring force of the housing itself.
  • U-shaped notches 3 Formed at one end of the housing by U-shaped notches 3 is a feed-through channel 4 running through in the radial direction.
  • a tooth 5 Formed at the base of each U-shaped notch is a tooth 5 which projects into the feed-through channel and has a pointed end 6 and sharp edges 7.
  • the housing is provided along its periphery with circular rows of open­ings 8 and 9 which are displaced relative to each other in the longitu­dinal direction. From the two ends of the housing, provision is made in the longitudinal direction thereof for several slits 10 and 11, which preferably coincide with the longitudinal seam 2 as shown in Fig. 1. The slits are widened over a length at the ends of the housing.
  • the penetration pin 12 of electrically conducting material to be fitted in the housing 1 is provided, at the end penetrating into the co­axial cable to be contacted, with a sharply tapering conducting point 13, in such a way that this point together with the through-running in­sulation material 14 - conically tapering round the pin - of the trans­verse supporting disc 15 forms an externally smooth surface.
  • the other end of the penetration pin is de­signed as a socket 16 with at least one slit 18 in the longitudinal di­rection thereof.
  • the penetration pin with the supporting disc fitted around it is subsequently fitted therein, overcoming the spring force of the housing, in such a way that the radially outward projecting bosses 17 of the sup­ porting disc engage with the openings 9 of the housing, which correspond thereto as regards shape and dimensions, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the open­ings 9 and the projecting bosses 17 are provided in such a way that, after fitting of the penetration pin in the housing, the conducting point 13 as a whole projects further outwards into the feed-through channel 4 than the teeth 5.
  • the spring force of the material of the hous­ing has to have such strength that, on the one hand, the supporting disc can be fitted easily by hand and, on the other, the supporting disc is locked by means of the bosses 17 engaging in the openings 9, against axial and tangential displacement through forces acting thereon during normal use of the branch connector.
  • the bosses 17 and the open­ings 9 are designed as circular in shape, it will be clear that other shapes (rectangular, square etc.) can also be used.
  • the socket 16 together with the end of the housing not provided with a feed-through channel forms a co­axial coupling socket.
  • the end of the penetration pin can also be designed as a contact pin, as a result of which a coaxial plug is formed (not shown).
  • a coaxial cable contacted by the penetration pin and the teeth of the housing can in this way be connected simply to a coaxial junction box of a piece of equipment to be connected.
  • Fig. 3 shows in perspective the fitted branch connector of Fig. 2 and a preferred embodiment of the clamping element according to the in­vention, in which a part thereof is "cut away" for the purpose of show­ing clearly the internal layout of the clamping element.
  • Shown on the left of the mounted housing are the two separate parts of the clamping element for confining in the feed-through channel the coaxial cable to be contacted, namely the screwed sleeve 19 and the screw cap 20.
  • the in­ternal diameter of the screwed sleeve is slightly larger than the ex­ternal diameter of the housing.
  • the screw cap 20 contains internal screw thread 21 which can mate with the external screw thread 22 of the screwed sleeve 19.
  • the screwed sleeve has a corresponding feed-through channel 25, which is formed by U-shaped notches 23 and an approximately U-shaped supporting surface 24, for accommodation and through-feed of the coaxial cable to be contacted.
  • a corresponding feed-through channel 25 which is formed by U-shaped notches 23 and an approximately U-shaped supporting surface 24, for accommodation and through-feed of the coaxial cable to be contacted.
  • the supporting surface 24, along the periphery, are openings 26 and in the centre thereof an opening 27 through which - after the screwed sleeve is fitted over the housing - the teeth 5 and the penetration pin 12 project into the corresponding feed-through channel 25.
  • trapezoidal bosses 28 can mate with rectangular openings 8 provided in the jacket of the housing along the periphery thereof, in such a way that when the screwed sleeve is fitted from the end of the housing provided with the feed-through channel the bosses 28 engage with the openings 8, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • te fitted screwed sleeve is prevented from being displaced in the logitudinal direction of the housing under the effect of the forces acting thereon during normal use.
  • the relative placing and di­mensions of the trapezoidal pins 28 and the openings 8 in the housing are chosen in such a way that the screwed sleeve can be locked to the housing only in that position in whcih the feed-through channels 4 and 25 of the housing and the screwed sleeve respectively lie opposite each other.
  • the convex side of the supporting surface 24 and the U-shaped notches 3 of the housing have such dimensions that the convex part of the supporting surface fits into these notches. Together with the trapoe­zoidal bosses 28, this in an effective manner prevents the screwed sleeve from turning in the tangential direction as a result of the screw cap being screwed on the screwed sleeve.
  • the projecting bosses 17 on the supporting disc 15 and the accom­panying openings 9 in the housing 1 are chosen in a different shape com­pared with the projecting bosses 28 of the screwed sleeve 19 and the accompanying openings 8, in order to prevent the penetration pin from being fitted wrongly into the housing through the projecting bosses 17 engaging in the openings 8.
  • the openings 70 along the periphery of the supporting surface 24 are produced for manufacturing reasons during the formation of the tra­pezoidal bosses 28.
  • the grooves 71 in the wall of the screwed sleeve 19 serve purely to save material.
  • the screw cap contains a pressure element 31 which fits concentric­ally in tubular form in the interior of the screwed sleeve, and whose closed end face 32 coincides with the face bounded by the edge 33 of the open end of the screw cap.
  • the cable is both contacted and clamped in the feed-through channel in one operation, namely tightening of the screw cap on the screwed sleeve.
  • the cable is pre­vented from being deformed during the contacting, in such a way that the conducting point 13 of the penetration pin does not penetrate radially into the cable and consequently will not make contact with the inner conductor 37 of the cable.
  • the screwed sleeve and the screw cap are provided with external ridges 38, 39 respectively, in order to have sufficient grip for fixing the screw cap on the screwed sleeve by hand.
  • the screw cap and the screwed sleeve can be made of either metal or (injection-moulded) plas­tic.
  • the teeth 5 of the housing must be sufficiently rigid to be able to penetrate without deformation through the insulating outer sheath 34 and the outer conductor 35 -generally made up of a braided wire screen and/ or a thin copper foil- of the coaxial cable.
  • Making the tip 13 of the penetration pin pointed means that both coaxial cables with a solid inner conductor 37 and also an inner conductor 37 consisting of stranded wires can be contacted. 0f course, the penetration pin must also have sufficient rigidity to enable it to pass through the cable without de­formation.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates how the penetration pin 12, the socket 16 and the supporting disc 15 are connected together in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the carrier strip 40 of electrically conduct­ing material an opening 41 is provided in such a way that lips 42 which are bent from the position shown by the dotted line perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in Fig. 6a are thereby formed.
  • the electrically conducting penetration pin 12 is clamped between these bent-over lips 42 at a distance from the carrier strip 40.
  • the socket 16, the development 43 of which is shown by dotted lines in Fig. 6a, is fixed with the lips 44 - bent inwards perpendicular to the plane of the drawing - on the end opposite the pointed end 13 of the penetration pin around the latter.
  • Fig. 6b shows the top view of the system thus formed, seen from the point 13 of the penetration pin.
  • the supporting disc 15 is formed round the penetration pin and part of the socket 16, as shown in Fig. 6c.
  • Material of the supporting disc penetrates in the process into the opening 41 of the carrier strip and the holes 45 of the socket, which provides in an manner a barrier against axial shifting of the socket and the penetration pin in the supporting disc.
  • the whole is then separated from the adjacent car­rier strips on either side at the level of the side faces 46 which were produced during formation of the supporting disc such that they lie in­wards relative to the periphery thereof.
  • the surfaces of fracture of the carrier strip are indicated by 47 (see also Fig. 1).
  • the fact that the surfaces of fracture 47 lie inwards relative to the periphery of the supporting disc means that they are prevented in the mounted state from making electrical contact with the housing.
  • Fig. 7 shows another partially “cutaway” embodiment of the branch connector according to the invention.
  • the cylindrical housing 48 At one end of the cylindrical housing 48, as in the embodiment according to Fig. 1, provision is made for U-shaped notches which form a feed-through channel 49 with project­ing teeth 72 therein.
  • the supporting disc 50 with the penetration pin 51 projecting into the feed-through channel 49 is held clamped here between rows - displaced relative to each other in the longitudinal di­rection of the housing - of spring-loaded lips 52 projecting inwards ra­dially along the periphery thereof and elevations 53.
  • These lips and elevations are formed as bent-through parts of the cylindrical jacket of the housing.
  • the penetration pin 51 is insulated in the same way as in Fig. 1 at the end which is to penetrate into the cable, and at the other end is provided with a socket 55.
  • the screwed sleeve 56 is cylin­drical in shape, with an internal diameter which is slightly larger than the external diameter of the housing 48.
  • the screwed sleeve has at the end provided with the screw thread 59 a corresponding feed-through chan­nel 57, formed by U-shaped notches, but without internal supporting sur­face 24 as in the embodiment according to Fig. 3.
  • the screw cap 60 is the same shape as the screw cap 20 according to the embodiment of Fig.
  • the diameter of the pressure element inside the screw cap 60 be­ing such that the pressure element fits in the interior of the housing 48.
  • a cable inserted in the feed-through channel is contacted in the same way as described in connection with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 A further embodiment of a branch connector according to the invent­ion for contacting two separate coaxial cables is shown in perspective in Fig. 8.
  • the other end of the housing is here also provided with a similar second feed-through channel 61 with tooth 62 and openings 67, as in the case of the branch connector with a single feed-through channel 4, tooth 5 and openings 8 in Fig. 1.
  • the penetration pin 64 supported by the transverse supporting disc 63 is now formed in such a way that it has two pointed conducting points 65, 66, which each project into a feed-through channel at the two ends of the housing.
  • the supporting disc 63 can be locked in the housing in the same way as in the branch connec­tor according to Fig. 1.
  • the screwed sleeves 19 are locked to the house­ing in the same way as shown in Fig. 4.
  • a coaxial cable can now be inserted in both feed-through channels 4, 61, and is contacted in the same way as that described for the branch connector for a single cable.
  • the fitted assembly of two of the same screwed sleeves 19 with the screw thread ends facing away from each other is shown in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 10 shows how a branching can be achieved according to the in­vention with the branch connector built up in a simple and universal manner.
  • the coaxial cable 68 designed for example as a ring circuit, is branched by means of a branch connector according to Fig. 8, while the cable 69 for connection is provided at the other end with a branch con­nector according to Fig. 3 or Fig. 7. This end can then be connected to a coaxial junction box of an apparatus to be connected.

Landscapes

  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
EP87201182A 1986-06-20 1987-06-19 Connecteur de dérivation pour câble coaxial Expired - Lifetime EP0251396B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87201182T ATE80757T1 (de) 1986-06-20 1987-06-19 Abzweigungsverbindung fuer koaxialkabel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8601616 1986-06-20
NL8601616A NL8601616A (nl) 1986-06-20 1986-06-20 Aftakconnector voor coaxiale kabel.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0251396A1 true EP0251396A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0251396B1 EP0251396B1 (fr) 1992-09-16

Family

ID=19848201

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87201182A Expired - Lifetime EP0251396B1 (fr) 1986-06-20 1987-06-19 Connecteur de dérivation pour câble coaxial

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0251396B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2513698B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR950012473B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE80757T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU602900B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8703061A (fr)
CA (1) CA1288489C (fr)
DE (1) DE3781727T2 (fr)
HK (1) HK6593A (fr)
NL (1) NL8601616A (fr)
SG (1) SG113992G (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5044978A (en) * 1989-05-31 1991-09-03 Cegelec Cable connector block, in particular for a screened pair
WO1993026069A1 (fr) * 1992-06-15 1993-12-23 N.V. Raychem S.A. Dispositif pour l'obturation et/ou le passage de cables
WO2001039329A2 (fr) * 1999-11-25 2001-05-31 Radiall Limited Raccord pour connecteurs coaxiaux
US8755663B2 (en) 2010-10-28 2014-06-17 Corning Cable Systems Llc Impact resistant fiber optic enclosures and related methods
US8873926B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2014-10-28 Corning Cable Systems Llc Fiber optic enclosures employing clamping assemblies for strain relief of cables, and related assemblies and methods
US9069151B2 (en) 2011-10-26 2015-06-30 Corning Cable Systems Llc Composite cable breakout assembly
CN116111412A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-05-12 宁远县硕宁电子有限公司 一种电源插座分线结构

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7650055B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2010-01-19 Corning Cable Systems Llc Terminal with internal environmental seal
DE102017214767B4 (de) * 2017-08-23 2019-12-05 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Abschirmhülse für abgeschirmte elektrische Kabel mit einer Aufnahme für eine Spreizzange

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB888213A (en) * 1959-02-18 1962-01-31 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to electrical connecting devices
GB2082850A (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-10 Bunker Ramo Tape connector for coaxial cable
DE3340943A1 (de) * 1983-11-11 1985-05-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung zur trennfreien kontaktierung des innen- und aussenleiters eines koaxialkabels

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB888213A (en) * 1959-02-18 1962-01-31 Ass Elect Ind Improvements relating to electrical connecting devices
GB2082850A (en) * 1980-08-22 1982-03-10 Bunker Ramo Tape connector for coaxial cable
DE3340943A1 (de) * 1983-11-11 1985-05-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung zur trennfreien kontaktierung des innen- und aussenleiters eines koaxialkabels

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5044978A (en) * 1989-05-31 1991-09-03 Cegelec Cable connector block, in particular for a screened pair
WO1993026069A1 (fr) * 1992-06-15 1993-12-23 N.V. Raychem S.A. Dispositif pour l'obturation et/ou le passage de cables
WO2001039329A2 (fr) * 1999-11-25 2001-05-31 Radiall Limited Raccord pour connecteurs coaxiaux
WO2001039329A3 (fr) * 1999-11-25 2004-02-19 Radiall Ltd Raccord pour connecteurs coaxiaux
US8755663B2 (en) 2010-10-28 2014-06-17 Corning Cable Systems Llc Impact resistant fiber optic enclosures and related methods
US9069151B2 (en) 2011-10-26 2015-06-30 Corning Cable Systems Llc Composite cable breakout assembly
US8873926B2 (en) 2012-04-26 2014-10-28 Corning Cable Systems Llc Fiber optic enclosures employing clamping assemblies for strain relief of cables, and related assemblies and methods
CN116111412A (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-05-12 宁远县硕宁电子有限公司 一种电源插座分线结构
CN116111412B (zh) * 2022-12-30 2023-09-29 宁远县硕宁电子有限公司 一种电源插座分线结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE80757T1 (de) 1992-10-15
AU602900B2 (en) 1990-11-01
HK6593A (en) 1993-02-05
DE3781727T2 (de) 1993-04-01
NL8601616A (nl) 1988-01-18
SG113992G (en) 1992-12-24
CA1288489C (fr) 1991-09-03
AU7441787A (en) 1987-12-24
JPS6366867A (ja) 1988-03-25
DE3781727D1 (de) 1992-10-22
JP2513698B2 (ja) 1996-07-03
BR8703061A (pt) 1988-03-08
KR950012473B1 (ko) 1995-10-18
KR880001072A (ko) 1988-03-31
EP0251396B1 (fr) 1992-09-16

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