EP0249679B1 - Fire guiding system for a weapon equipment of an armoured vehicle - Google Patents

Fire guiding system for a weapon equipment of an armoured vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0249679B1
EP0249679B1 EP87102683A EP87102683A EP0249679B1 EP 0249679 B1 EP0249679 B1 EP 0249679B1 EP 87102683 A EP87102683 A EP 87102683A EP 87102683 A EP87102683 A EP 87102683A EP 0249679 B1 EP0249679 B1 EP 0249679B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sub
systems
weapon
guidance system
fire guidance
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EP87102683A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0249679A3 (en
EP0249679A2 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Dipl.-Ing. Stabel
Heinz Hohensee
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Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH
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Mak System GmbH
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Publication of EP0249679A3 publication Critical patent/EP0249679A3/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G5/00Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
    • F41G5/14Elevating or traversing control systems for guns for vehicle-borne guns
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G5/00Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
    • F41G5/14Elevating or traversing control systems for guns for vehicle-borne guns
    • F41G5/24Elevating or traversing control systems for guns for vehicle-borne guns for guns on tanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire control system for a weapon system of an armored vehicle, in particular a battle tank, with sensors for detecting the movement and position data required for aiming the weapon, as well as target devices, operating units, chargers and electronics comprising weapon aiming and tracking devices.
  • Armored vehicles of this type must ensure a high level of accuracy, both when shooting from a standing position and while driving at stationary or moving targets. It is therefore common to use fire control systems to increase accuracy, but these must meet high requirements in terms of reliability and functionality in the event of partial failures. Until now it was common to maintain the functionality of a weapon system in the event of malfunctions in the fire control system by switching to emergency operation. Such an emergency operation allows a weapon system to be set up and operated with an auxiliary telescopic sight by hand or with hydraulic auxiliary energy. In addition, a weapon system constructed in this way allows partial failures to be determined using an on-board diagnostic system and, if spare parts are available, to keep them operational by replacing them.
  • a fire control system for a weapon system of an armored vehicle in which essential assemblies are combined in a single central sensor block.
  • a digital arithmetic unit is provided which both calculates the manipulated and controlled variables required for the secondary stabilization of the weapon and also carries out the navigation calculation required to determine the position of the weapon carrier.
  • the digital computing unit also performs tasks that are necessary to carry out the fire control calculation. If the digital processing unit fails, all essential functions of the fire control system are no longer available. If the central sensor block fails, a significant number of these functions fail. With the help of this fire control system, it is therefore not possible to limit malfunctions to subsystems and to ensure that the greatest possible number of individual functions is maintained.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a fire control system for an armored vehicle which remains functional without any restrictions in the event of malfunctions.
  • the fire control system with respect to each assigned task is functionally independent, that is to say autonomously, is formed by subsystems which are connected to one another via interfaces and which, in the event of a malfunction of one of the subsystems, can be switched over to an operating mode which interrupts the respectively assigned interface and permits manual operation of the assigned function, so that the autonomous subsystems are linked to one another by a computer that calculates the fire control data and controls the operating modes and forms one of the subsystems, and a digital data bus, and at least one subsystem that consists of a main weapon, an auxiliary telescopic sight, a weapon tracking system and a directional grip, and at least one further subsystem that consists of a target device, electronics and an operating device are provided.
  • the measure according to the invention offers the possibility of building a fire control system from autonomous subsystems, operating them redundantly, if necessary, and supplying them, so that in the event of a malfunction there is the possibility of continuing to operate the functional subsystems and to couple them sensibly.
  • the performance of a tank or fire control system equipped with it is therefore only slightly impaired in the event of a malfunction.
  • a fire control system can advantageously also be constructed in accordance with the features listed in the subclaims.
  • a fire control system offers the possibility of operating the system in a basic configuration with a simple control and drive concept.
  • a basic concept consists, for example, of a mechanical / hydraulic or mechanical / electrical weapon aiming system in connection with a rigidly assigned optical target device.
  • weapon tracking is possible by entering control parameters directly.
  • other subsystems such as commanders' and sight guards as well as with appropriate servo control devices, stable servo operation can be ensured, in particular with a differential part in the control loop.
  • the subsystems must not have any inertial sensors, such as gyroscopes or accelerometers, because such a subsystem combination is susceptible to failure due to the redundancy by two display devices.
  • inertial sensors such as gyroscopes or accelerometers
  • simple operating modes such as target assignment and weapon tracking can be implemented.
  • the fire control system according to the invention is expanded by a computer which carries out the fire control data for determining the ballistic values and the dynamic reserve calculation, the result is a powerful fire control system which is suitable for fighting from a standing position on moving or moving targets with high accuracy.
  • the performance of a fire control system can also be increased in order to be able to carry out the fight against moving and stationary targets without restrictions, ie even while driving. This can only be achieved with high-precision sighting devices for the commanders and the gunner, ie stabilized sighting devices and weapon tracking systems with high dynamics. Both the stabilization mode and the dynamic tracking mode of a weapon tracking system require the detection of the disturbance variables acting on the subsystems.
  • Known devices can be used for this purpose, which are normally attached directly to the axes to be stabilized in the subsystems to be stabilized. Since such sensors are susceptible to failure due to the mechanical linkage with the moving parts of the systems, the invention is based on the invention proposed to detect such disturbance variables with an external sensor in so-called strapdown technology.
  • a sensor When used in a battle tank, such a sensor can preferably be mounted at a particularly protected location, for example in the turret, and thus generate the corresponding data about the rotational speed or the position in relation to the installation location.
  • the processing of these sensor signals in the assigned subsystems still requires a corresponding transformation into the subsystem-relevant coordinate levels. This can be done in a computing unit of the sensor or in special information levels in the subsystems.
  • the transformed data are then used in a known manner for the self-stabilization of the viewing devices or for the pre-stabilization of the weapon tracking system.
  • an auxiliary telescopic sight 2 is rigidly attached to a main weapon 1, so that it can be adjusted in azimuth and elevation by a weapon tracking system 3.
  • the weapon tracking system 3 usually contains mechanical / hydraulic or mechanical / electrical servo systems, as well as the associated control electronics.
  • the digital data required to control the weapon tracking system are supplied from a data bus 4. If this data is no longer available for any reason, such as in an emergency, then a purely mechanical / hydraulic or mechanical / electrical aiming of the weapon is possible with a directional handle 5. In such a direction, the target direction is determined with the auxiliary telescopic sight 2.
  • the main weapon 1, the auxiliary telescopic sight 2, the weapon tracking system 3 and the directional handle 5 constitute a first autonomous subsystem 6 of the fire control system Connection.
  • These subsystems each include a target device 9, 10, electronics 11, 12 and a display and operating device 13, 5.
  • the display and control device 5 is combined with the directional handle 5 and is assigned to both the subsystem 6 and the subsystem 8.
  • the subsystems 7, 8 switch the command variables for the main weapon 1 to the data bus 4 and to the weapon tracking system 3 (servo operation).
  • the basic equipment of the fire control system has the advantage that it can be implemented with simply constructed subsystems. By connecting them via angle chains, simple fire control systems for combat can be built from standing vehicles to standing targets.
  • a simple fire control system can be expanded by a computer 15.
  • This computer 15 can carry out the fire control calculation such as determining the ballistic values and the dynamic reserve and switch the operating modes.
  • the fire control system can also be designed for a fight against moving targets.
  • the sensor device 16 switches its data just like the electronics 17 to the data bus 4.
  • a sensor in so-called "strapdown technology" can be used for the sensor device 16.
  • Such sensors work without complex mechanical structures, such as gimbals, so that the number of components susceptible to failure is reduced with such a sensor.
  • such sensors also allow an evaluation of the position signals to calculate locations and changes in location without great effort.
  • This computer can also work directly with the data bus 4.
  • the installation of the computer 15 has the advantage of an increase in performance, specifically in order to be able to shoot at moving targets when the armored vehicle is stationary.
  • inertial sensors in so-called “strapdown technology”
  • fully stabilized high-quality vision devices as well as powerful weapon tracking systems can be manufactured for dynamic operation.
  • the use of two strapdown sensors means redundancy of these components and thus an increase in reliability and accuracy for the overall system.
  • the system shown in FIG. 3 is a fire control system in its highest configuration.
  • This fire control system is provided by charging electronics 20 for a charging device 21 and chassis electronics 22 supplemented. These units are also functionally connected to the data bus, the data bus 4 being designed here as a ring line. Interruptions in data bus 4 therefore do not mean a loss of function.
  • Coupling units 14 provide for the detection of error signals with the interruptions of the data bus line 4 that then become necessary, as well as the separation of faulty subsystems.
  • the energy supply for the autonomous subsystems also takes place via a ring line 23 from an energy supply unit 24, for example a generator-battery unit.
  • emergency consoles 25, 26 are provided for the commander and the gunner as well as, if necessary, display and emergency consoles 27, 28 for the driver and the loading gunner.
  • the fire control system of the highest performance level can also be switched back to less efficient performance levels or set to an emergency operating mode in the event of a failure of subsystems.
  • the division of a fire control system into autonomous subsystems offers the possibility of different weapon systems using the same subsystems Extensive expansion, for example to try to stabilize weapons and target devices in armored vehicles, which mainly shoot from a standing position, but to process position information in the system.
  • the stabilization systems cannot be dispensed with when a tank is firing while driving.
  • the location information can be dispensed with here.
  • the redundancy and different equipment of the fire control systems with the same subsystems can also be achieved by using ring lines for the transmission of information and for the energy supply.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Feuerleitsystem für eine Waffenanlage eines Panzerfahrzeuges, insbesondere eines Kampfpanzers, mit Sensoren zum Erfassen der zum Richten der Waffe erforderlichen Bewegungs- und Positionsdaten, sowie der Waffenanlage zugeordneten Zielgeräten, Bedieneinheiten, Ladegeräten und Elektroniken aufweisenden Waffenricht- und Nachführgeräten.The invention relates to a fire control system for a weapon system of an armored vehicle, in particular a battle tank, with sensors for detecting the movement and position data required for aiming the weapon, as well as target devices, operating units, chargers and electronics comprising weapon aiming and tracking devices.

Panzerfahrzeuge dieser Art müssen eine hohe Treffsicherheit gewährleisten, und zwar sowohl beim Schießen aus dem Stand als auch während der Fahrt auf stehende oder bewegte Ziele. Es ist daher üblich, Feuerleitsysteme zur Steigerung der Treffsicherheit einzusetzen, welche aber hohe Anforderungen in Bezug auf die Zuverlässigkeit und die Funktionsfähigkeit bei Teilausfällen erfüllen müssen. Bisher war es üblich, die Funktionsfähigkeit einer Waffenanlage bei Störungen im Feuerleitsystem durch Umschalten auf Notbetrieb aufrechtzuerhalten. Ein solcher Notbetrieb gestattet es, eine Waffenanlage mit einem Hilfszielfernrohr von Hand oder mit hydraulischer Hilfsenergie zu richten und zu bedienen. Außerdem gestattet ein so aufgebautes Waffensystem, Teilausfälle durch ein bordeigenes Diagnosesystem zu ermitteln und bei Vorhandensein von Ersatzteilen durch Austausch betriebsfähig zu erhalten.Armored vehicles of this type must ensure a high level of accuracy, both when shooting from a standing position and while driving at stationary or moving targets. It is therefore common to use fire control systems to increase accuracy, but these must meet high requirements in terms of reliability and functionality in the event of partial failures. Until now it was common to maintain the functionality of a weapon system in the event of malfunctions in the fire control system by switching to emergency operation. Such an emergency operation allows a weapon system to be set up and operated with an auxiliary telescopic sight by hand or with hydraulic auxiliary energy. In addition, a weapon system constructed in this way allows partial failures to be determined using an on-board diagnostic system and, if spare parts are available, to keep them operational by replacing them.

Da Ersatzteile bzw. Austauschgeräte für alle möglichen Einzelteile bzw. Stufen nicht in hinreichender Weise immer zur Verfügung stehen, ist es bei Störungen häufig erforderlich, auf Notbetrieb umzuschalten. Dies ist insbesondere dann unbefriedigend, wenn Störungen in lediglich einer Stufe ein Gesamtsystem ausschalten.Since spare parts or replacement devices for all possible individual parts or stages are not always sufficiently available, it is often necessary to switch to emergency operation in the event of faults. This is particularly unsatisfactory if faults switch off an entire system in only one stage.

Aus der EP-A2 0 159 392 ist ein Feuerleitsystem für eine Waffenanlage eines Panzerfahrzeuges bekannt, bei der eine Zusammenfassung wesentlicher Baugruppen in einem einzigen zentralen Sensorblock erfolgt. Zur Ermöglichung einer zentralen Datenverarbeitung ist eine digitale Recheneinheit vorgesehen, die sowohl zur Sekundärstabilisierung der Waffe erforderliche Stell- und Regelgrößen errechnet als auch die zur Ermittlung der Position des Waffenträgers erforderliche Navigationsrechnung durchführt. Darüber hinaus nimmt die digitale Recheneinheit auch Aufgaben war, die zur Durchführung der Feuerleitrechnung erforderlich sind. Beim Ausfall der digitalen Recheneinheit sind somit sämtliche wesentlichen Funktionen des Feuerleitsystemes nicht mehr verfügbar. Beim Ausfall des zentralen Sensorblocks fällt eine erhebliche Anzahl dieser Funktionen aus. Mit Hilfe dieses Feuerleitsystems ist es somit nicht möglich, auftretende Störungen auf Teilsysteme zu begrenzen und eine Aufrechterhaltung einer möglichst großen Anzahl von Einzeifunktionen zu gewährleisten.From EP-A2 0 159 392 a fire control system for a weapon system of an armored vehicle is known, in which essential assemblies are combined in a single central sensor block. To enable central data processing, a digital arithmetic unit is provided which both calculates the manipulated and controlled variables required for the secondary stabilization of the weapon and also carries out the navigation calculation required to determine the position of the weapon carrier. In addition, the digital computing unit also performs tasks that are necessary to carry out the fire control calculation. If the digital processing unit fails, all essential functions of the fire control system are no longer available. If the central sensor block fails, a significant number of these functions fail. With the help of this fire control system, it is therefore not possible to limit malfunctions to subsystems and to ensure that the greatest possible number of individual functions is maintained.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Feuerleitsystem für ein Panzerfahrzeug vorzusehen, das bei Störungen praktisch ohne Einschränkungen funktionsfähig bleibt.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a fire control system for an armored vehicle which remains functional without any restrictions in the event of malfunctions.

Diese Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß das Feuerleitsystem aus bezüglich ihrer jeweils zugeordneten Aufgabe voneinander unabhängig funktionsfähigen, d.h. autonom, über Schnittstellen miteinander in Verbindung stehenden Teilsystemen ausgebildet ist, die jeweils bei einer Funktionsstörung eines der Teilsysteme in eine die jeweils zugeordnete Schnittstelle unterbrechende und eine manuelle Bedienung der zugeordneten Funktion zulassende Betriebsart umschaltbar sind, daß die autonomen Teilsysteme durch einen die Feuerleitdaten berechnenden und die Betriebsarten steuernden und eines der Teilsysteme ausbildenden Rechner sowie einen digitalen Datenbus miteinander verknüpft sind und mindestens ein Teilsystem, das aus einer Hauptwaffe, einem Hilfszielfernrohr, einer Waffennachführanlage und einem Richtgriff besteht, und mindestens ein weiteres Teilsystem, das aus einem Zielgerät, einer Elektronik und einem Bediengerät ausgebildet ist, vorgesehen sind.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the fire control system with respect to each assigned task is functionally independent, that is to say autonomously, is formed by subsystems which are connected to one another via interfaces and which, in the event of a malfunction of one of the subsystems, can be switched over to an operating mode which interrupts the respectively assigned interface and permits manual operation of the assigned function, so that the autonomous subsystems are linked to one another by a computer that calculates the fire control data and controls the operating modes and forms one of the subsystems, and a digital data bus, and at least one subsystem that consists of a main weapon, an auxiliary telescopic sight, a weapon tracking system and a directional grip, and at least one further subsystem that consists of a target device, electronics and an operating device are provided.

Die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme bietet die Möglichkeit, ein Feuerleitsystem aus in sich autonomen Teilsystemen aufzubauen, diese gegebenenfalls redundant zu betreiben und zu versorgen, so daß bei einer Störung die Möglichkeit besteht, die funktionsfähig verbliebenen Teilsysteme weiter zu betreiben und sinnvoll miteinander zu koppeln. Die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Panzers bzw. damit ausgerüsteten Feuerleitsystems wird daher bei einer Störung nur wenig beeinträchtigt. Dabei kann ein Feuerleitsystem vorteilhafterweise auch gemäß den in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Merkmale aufgebaut werden.The measure according to the invention offers the possibility of building a fire control system from autonomous subsystems, operating them redundantly, if necessary, and supplying them, so that in the event of a malfunction there is the possibility of continuing to operate the functional subsystems and to couple them sensibly. The performance of a tank or fire control system equipped with it is therefore only slightly impaired in the event of a malfunction. A fire control system can advantageously also be constructed in accordance with the features listed in the subclaims.

Das Aufteilen einer Feuerleitanlage in autonome Teilsysteme bietet z.B. die Möglichkeit, das System in einer Grundausstattung mit einem einfachen Regelungs- und Antriebskonzept zu betreiben. Ein solches Grundkonzept besteht z.B. aus einer mechanisch/hydraulischen bzw. mechanisch/elektrischen Waffenrichtanlage in Verbindung mit einem starr zugeordneten optischen Zielgerät. Bei einer solchen Grundausstattung ist eine Waffennachführung durch direkte Eingabe von Steuergrößen möglich. Durch Ergänzung der Grundausstattung mit weiteren Teilsystem, wie Kommandanten- und Richt-schützen-Sichtgeräten sowie mit entsprechenden Servoregelungs-Einrichtungen kann ein stabiler Servobetrieb, insbesondere mit einem Differenzialteil im Regelkreis sichergestellt werden. Dabei dürfen die Teilsysteme aber keine Trägheitssensoren, wie Kreisel oder Beschleunigungsmeßgeräte aufweisen, weil eine derartige Teilsystem-Kombination wegen der Redundanz durch zwei Sichtgeräte störanfällig ist. Wenn derartige Teilsysteme aber über Winkelmeßketten miteinander verknüpft werden, dann können damit einfache Betriebsarten wie Zielzuweisung und Waffennachführung realisiert werden.The division of a fire control system into autonomous subsystems, for example, offers the possibility of operating the system in a basic configuration with a simple control and drive concept. Such a basic concept consists, for example, of a mechanical / hydraulic or mechanical / electrical weapon aiming system in connection with a rigidly assigned optical target device. At With such basic equipment, weapon tracking is possible by entering control parameters directly. By supplementing the basic equipment with other subsystems, such as commanders' and sight guards as well as with appropriate servo control devices, stable servo operation can be ensured, in particular with a differential part in the control loop. However, the subsystems must not have any inertial sensors, such as gyroscopes or accelerometers, because such a subsystem combination is susceptible to failure due to the redundancy by two display devices. However, if such subsystems are linked to one another via angular measuring chains, then simple operating modes such as target assignment and weapon tracking can be implemented.

Wird das erfindungsgemäße Feuerleitsystem durch einen Rechner, welcher die Feuerleitdaten zur Ermittlung der ballistischen Werte und der dynamischen Vorhaltrechnung durchführt, erweitert, so ergibt sich ein leistungsstarkes Feuerleitsystem, das für den Kampf aus dem Stand auf stehende oder bewegte Ziele mit hoher Treffersicherheit geeignet ist. Die Leistungsfähigkeit eines Feuerleitsystems kann darüber hinaus noch gesteigert werden, um den Kampf auch gegen bewegte und stehende Ziele ohne Einschränkungen, d.h. auch während der Fahrt durchführen zu können. Dies ist nur mit hochgenauen Sichtgeräten für den Kommandanten und den Richtschützen, d.h. stabilisierten Sichtgeräten und Waffennachführanlagen mit hoher Dynamik erreichbar. Dabei erfordert sowohl der Stabilisierungsbetrieb als auch der dynamische Nachführbetrieb einer Waffennachführanlage das Erfassen der auf die Teilsysteme wirkenden Störgrößen. Hierfür können bekannte Einrichtungen, im Regelfall Kreisel benutzt werden, welche normalerweise bei den zu stabilisierenden Teilsystemen unmittelbar an den zu stabilisierenden Achsen angebracht sind. Da solche Sensoren wegen der mechanischen Verknüpfung mit den bewegten Teilen der Systeme störanfällig sind wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, derartige Störgrößen mit einem externen Sensor in sogenannter Strapdowntechnologie zu erfassen. Bei einem Einsatz in einem Kampfpanzer kann ein derartiger Sensor vorzugsweise an besonders geschützer Stelle z.B. im Turm montiert werden und so in bezug auf den Montageort die entsprechenden Daten der Drehgeschwindigkeit bzw. der Position erzeugen. Die Verarbeitung dieser Sensorsignale in den zugeordneten Teilsystemen verlangt aber noch eine entsprechende Transformation in die teilsystemrelevanten Koordinatenebenen. Dies kann in einer Recheneinheit des Sensors oder in speziellen Informationsstufen in den Teilsystemen erfolgen. Die transformierten Daten werden dann zur Eigenstabilisierung der Sichtgeräte oder zur Vorstabilisierung der Waffennachführanlage in bekannter Weise benutzt.If the fire control system according to the invention is expanded by a computer which carries out the fire control data for determining the ballistic values and the dynamic reserve calculation, the result is a powerful fire control system which is suitable for fighting from a standing position on moving or moving targets with high accuracy. The performance of a fire control system can also be increased in order to be able to carry out the fight against moving and stationary targets without restrictions, ie even while driving. This can only be achieved with high-precision sighting devices for the commanders and the gunner, ie stabilized sighting devices and weapon tracking systems with high dynamics. Both the stabilization mode and the dynamic tracking mode of a weapon tracking system require the detection of the disturbance variables acting on the subsystems. Known devices, generally gyros, can be used for this purpose, which are normally attached directly to the axes to be stabilized in the subsystems to be stabilized. Since such sensors are susceptible to failure due to the mechanical linkage with the moving parts of the systems, the invention is based on the invention proposed to detect such disturbance variables with an external sensor in so-called strapdown technology. When used in a battle tank, such a sensor can preferably be mounted at a particularly protected location, for example in the turret, and thus generate the corresponding data about the rotational speed or the position in relation to the installation location. The processing of these sensor signals in the assigned subsystems still requires a corresponding transformation into the subsystem-relevant coordinate levels. This can be done in a computing unit of the sensor or in special information levels in the subsystems. The transformed data are then used in a known manner for the self-stabilization of the viewing devices or for the pre-stabilization of the weapon tracking system.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Blockschaltbild eines erfindungsgemäßen Feuerleitsystems in einer Grundausstattung,
Fig. 2
ein um eine Rechnereinheit und ein Sensorsystem erweitertes Feuerleitsystem gemäß Fig. 1 und
Fig. 3
ein Feuerleitsystem in höchster Ausbaustufe.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
2 shows a block diagram of a fire control system according to the invention in a basic configuration,
Fig. 2
a fire control system expanded by a computer unit and a sensor system according to FIGS. 1 and
Fig. 3
a fire control system in the highest expansion stage.

Wie das Blockschaltbild nach Fig. 1 zeigt ist an einer Hauptwaffe 1 ein Hilfszielfernrohr 2 starr angebracht, so daß es von einer Waffennachführanlage 3 im Azimut und in der Elevation verstellbar ist. Die Waffennachführanlage 3 enthält in der Regel mechanisch/hydraulische oder mechanisch/elektrische Servosysteme, sowie die dazu gehörende Ansteuerelektronik. Die zur Ansteuerung der Waffennachführanlage erforderlichen digitalen Daten werden aus einem Datenbus 4 zugeführt. Wenn diese Daten aus irgend einem Grund nicht mehr zur Verfügung stehen, wie z.B. in einem Notfall, dann ist ein rein mechanisch/hydraulisches bzw. mechanisch/elektrisches Richten der Waffe mit einem Richtgriff 5 möglich. Bei einem solchen Richten wird die Zielrichtung mit dem Hilfszielfernrohr 2 ermittelt. Die Hauptwaffe 1, das Hilfszielfernrohr 2, die Waffennachführanlage 3 und der Richtgriff 5 stellen ein erstes autonomes Teilsystem 6 des Feuerleitsystems dar. Zwei weitere autonome Teilsysteme 7,8 und zwar zwei gleichartige Zielsysteme für den Kommandanten und den Richtschützen stehen mit dem Datenbus 4 ebenfalls in Verbindung. Diese Teilsysteme umfassen jeweils ein Zielgerät 9,10 eine Elektronik 11,12 sowie ein Anzeige- und Bediengerät 13,5. Das Anzeige- und Bediengerät 5 ist mit dem Richtgriff 5 kombiniert und ist sowohl dem Teilsystem 6 als auch dem Teilsystem 8 zugeordnet. Die Teilsysteme 7,8 schalten die Führungsgrößen für die Hauptwaffe 1 an den Datenbus 4 und an die Waffennachführanlage 3 (Servobetrieb). Das Feuerleitsystem in der Grundausstattung hat den Vorteil, mit einfach aufgebauten Teilsystemen verwirklicht werden zu können. Durch Verknüpfung über Winkelketten lassen sich einfache Feuerleitsysteme für den Kampf aus stehenden Fahrzeugen auf stehende Ziele aufbauen.As the block diagram according to FIG. 1 shows, an auxiliary telescopic sight 2 is rigidly attached to a main weapon 1, so that it can be adjusted in azimuth and elevation by a weapon tracking system 3. The weapon tracking system 3 usually contains mechanical / hydraulic or mechanical / electrical servo systems, as well as the associated control electronics. The digital data required to control the weapon tracking system are supplied from a data bus 4. If this data is no longer available for any reason, such as in an emergency, then a purely mechanical / hydraulic or mechanical / electrical aiming of the weapon is possible with a directional handle 5. In such a direction, the target direction is determined with the auxiliary telescopic sight 2. The main weapon 1, the auxiliary telescopic sight 2, the weapon tracking system 3 and the directional handle 5 constitute a first autonomous subsystem 6 of the fire control system Connection. These subsystems each include a target device 9, 10, electronics 11, 12 and a display and operating device 13, 5. The display and control device 5 is combined with the directional handle 5 and is assigned to both the subsystem 6 and the subsystem 8. The subsystems 7, 8 switch the command variables for the main weapon 1 to the data bus 4 and to the weapon tracking system 3 (servo operation). The basic equipment of the fire control system has the advantage that it can be implemented with simply constructed subsystems. By connecting them via angle chains, simple fire control systems for combat can be built from standing vehicles to standing targets.

Wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, kann ein einfaches Feuerleitsystem um einen Rechner 15 erweitert werden. Dieser Rechner 15 kann die Feuerleitrechnung wie Ermittlung der ballistischen Werte und des dynamischen Vorhaltes vornehmen und die Betriebsarten umschalten. Mit einer zusätzlichen Erweiterung, und zwar einer Sensoreinrichtung 16, mit zugehöriger Elektronik 17 kann das Feuerleitsystem auch für einen Kampf auf bewegte Ziele ausgelegt werden. Die Sensoreinrichtung 16 schaltet ihre Daten ebenso wie die Elektronik 17 auf den Datenbus 4. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann für die Sensoreinrichtung 16 ein Sensor in sogenannter "Strapdown-Technologie" benutzt werden. Derartige Sensoren arbeiten ohne aufwendige feinmechanische Konstruktionen, wie Kardanrahmen, so daß sich mit einem derartigen Sensor die Zahl der störanfälligen Komponenten reduziert. Außerdem erlauben solche Sensoren ohne großen Aufwand auch eine Auswertung der Lagesignale zum Berechnen von Standorten sowie von Standortveränderungen. In bestimmten Fällen ist es sogar möglich, einen zusätzlichen Navigationsrechner 18 mit zugehöriger Anzeige-und Bedienkonsole 19 einzusetzen. Auch dieser Rechner kann direkt mit dem Datenbus 4 zusammenarbeiten.As can be seen from FIG. 2, a simple fire control system can be expanded by a computer 15. This computer 15 can carry out the fire control calculation such as determining the ballistic values and the dynamic reserve and switch the operating modes. With a additional extension, namely a sensor device 16, with associated electronics 17, the fire control system can also be designed for a fight against moving targets. The sensor device 16 switches its data just like the electronics 17 to the data bus 4. In a preferred embodiment, a sensor in so-called "strapdown technology" can be used for the sensor device 16. Such sensors work without complex mechanical structures, such as gimbals, so that the number of components susceptible to failure is reduced with such a sensor. In addition, such sensors also allow an evaluation of the position signals to calculate locations and changes in location without great effort. In certain cases it is even possible to use an additional navigation computer 18 with the associated display and control console 19. This computer can also work directly with the data bus 4.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ergibt sich durch den Einbau des Rechners 15 der Vorteil einer Leistungssteigerung, und zwar, um bei stehendem Panzerfahrzeug auf sich bewegende Ziele schießen zu können. Durch die weitere Integration von Trägheitssensoren in sogenannter "Strapdown-Technologie" lassen sich vollstabilisierte Sichtgeräte hoher Leistungsgüte sowie leistungsstarke Waffennachführanlagen für den dynamischen Betrieb herstellen. Dabei bedeutet der Einsatz von zwei Strapdown-Sensoren eine Redundanz dieser Komponenten und damit eine Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit und der Genauigkeit für das Gesamtsystem.As already mentioned, the installation of the computer 15 has the advantage of an increase in performance, specifically in order to be able to shoot at moving targets when the armored vehicle is stationary. Through the further integration of inertial sensors in so-called "strapdown technology", fully stabilized high-quality vision devices as well as powerful weapon tracking systems can be manufactured for dynamic operation. The use of two strapdown sensors means redundancy of these components and thus an increase in reliability and accuracy for the overall system.

Bei dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten System handelt es sich um ein Feuerleitsystem in seiner höchsten Ausbaustufe. Dieses Feuerleitsystem ist durch eine Ladeelektronik 20 für eine Ladevorrichtung 21 und eine Fahrgestellelektronik 22 ergänzt. Auch diese Einheiten stehen mit dem Datenbus in entsprechender Funktionsverbindung, wobei der Datenbus 4 hier als Ringleitung ausgebildet ist. Unterbrechungen im Datenbus 4 bedeuten daher noch keinen Funktionsverlust. Koppeleinheiten 14 sorgen hierbei für eine Erfassung von Fehlersignalen mit den dann notwendig werdenden Unterbrechungen der Datenbusleitung 4 sowie der Abtrennung fehlerhafter Teilsysteme. Auch die Energieversorgung für die autonomen Teilsysteme erfolgt über eine Ringleitung 23 aus einer Energieversorgungseinheit 24, z.B. einer Generator-Batterie-Einheit. Darüber hinaus sind Notkonsolen 25,26 für den Kommandanten und den Richtschützen sowie gegebenenfalls für den Fahrer und den Ladekanonier Anzeige- und Notkonsolen 27,28 vorgesehen.The system shown in FIG. 3 is a fire control system in its highest configuration. This fire control system is provided by charging electronics 20 for a charging device 21 and chassis electronics 22 supplemented. These units are also functionally connected to the data bus, the data bus 4 being designed here as a ring line. Interruptions in data bus 4 therefore do not mean a loss of function. Coupling units 14 provide for the detection of error signals with the interruptions of the data bus line 4 that then become necessary, as well as the separation of faulty subsystems. The energy supply for the autonomous subsystems also takes place via a ring line 23 from an energy supply unit 24, for example a generator-battery unit. In addition, emergency consoles 25, 26 are provided for the commander and the gunner as well as, if necessary, display and emergency consoles 27, 28 for the driver and the loading gunner.

Für den Fall, daß eines der Teilsysteme 6,7,8,15,17,20 oder 22 ausfällt, werden die verbleibenden Systeme aufgrund der durch den Ausfall erzeugten Ausfallkriterien programmgemäß auf einen stabilen Rückfallzustand geschaltet. Dieser Zustand wird auf den Notkonsolen 25 bis 28 der Besatzung angezeigt. Die Besatzungsmannschaft hat dann die Möglichkeit entweder die ausgefallenen Teilsysteme durch noch intakte Teilsysteme zu ersetzen oder die ausgefallenen Funktionen durch manuelle Eingaben zu ersetzen.In the event that one of the subsystems 6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 20 or 22 fails, the remaining systems are switched to a stable relapse state according to the program on the basis of the failure criteria generated by the failure. This condition is displayed on the crew's emergency consoles 25 to 28. The crew can then either replace the failed subsystems with still intact subsystems or replace the failed functions with manual entries.

Das Feuerleitsystem der höchsten Leistungsstufe kann bei einem Ausfall von Teilsystemen auch auf weniger leistungsfähige Leistungsstufen zurückgeschaltet werden oder auf eine Notbetriebsart eingestellt werden. Das Aufteilen eines Feuerleitsystemes in autonome Teilsysteme bietet hierbei die Möglichkeit, verschiedene Waffensysteme unter Verwendung gleicher Teilsysteme unterschiedlich weit auszubauen, um z.B. bei hauptsächlich aus dem Stand schießenden Panzerfahrzeugen auf die Stabilisierung von Waffe und Zielgeräten zu versichten, dafür aber Lageinformationen im System zu verarbeiten. Dagegen können bei einem während der Fahrt schießenden Panzer die Stabilisierungssysteme nicht entbehrt werden. Hier kann dagegen auf die Lageinformation verzichtet werden.The fire control system of the highest performance level can also be switched back to less efficient performance levels or set to an emergency operating mode in the event of a failure of subsystems. The division of a fire control system into autonomous subsystems offers the possibility of different weapon systems using the same subsystems Extensive expansion, for example to try to stabilize weapons and target devices in armored vehicles, which mainly shoot from a standing position, but to process position information in the system. In contrast, the stabilization systems cannot be dispensed with when a tank is firing while driving. On the other hand, the location information can be dispensed with here.

Die Redundanz sowie eine unterschiedliche Ausstattung der Feuerleitsyteme mit gleichen Teilsystemen kann auch durch die Verwendung von Ringleitungen für die Informationsübertragung sowie für die Energieversorgung erreicht werden.The redundancy and different equipment of the fire control systems with the same subsystems can also be achieved by using ring lines for the transmission of information and for the energy supply.

Claims (7)

  1. Fire guidance system for a weapon system of an armoured vehicle, in particular of a combat tank, having sensors for detecting the motional and positional data required to aim the weapon, as well as having, associated with the weapon system, sighting devices, operating units, loading devices and weapon directing and tracking devices containing electronic components, characterized in that the fire guidance system takes the form of sub-systems (6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22), which in terms of their assigned task are each functional independently of one another, i.e. autonomous, and are connected to one another via interfaces, said sub-systems in the event of a functional defect in one of the sub-systems (6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22) each being capable of switching over into a mode of operation which interrupts the relevant associated interface and allows manual operation of the associated function, that the autonomous sub-systems (6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22) are linked to one another by a computer (15), which calculates the fire guidance data, controls the operating modes and forms one of the sub-systems (6, 7, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22), and by a digital data bus (4), and one sub-system (6), which comprises a main weapon (1), an auxiliary sighting telescope (2), a weapon tracking system (3) and an aiming handle (5), and at least one further sub-system (7, 8), which takes the form of a sighting device (9, 10), an electronic component (10, 11) and an operating unit (13, 14), are provided.
  2. Fire guidance system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-systems are linked to one another by angle measuring chains.
  3. Fire guidance system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an external sensor (16) is associated with the fire guidance system for feeding accelerating rotating speed and positional signals into the data bus (4).
  4. Fire guidance system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a further autonomous sub-system for shell supply (21, 20) and/or acquired chassis data (22) is associated with the fire guidance system.
  5. Fire guidance system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sub-systems of the fire guidance system are linked to one another via a data bus ring feeder and have devices for detecting and isolating the defective sub-systems from the data bus.
  6. Fire guidance system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the data of the data exchange taking place via the interfaces to be processed by an operator in the event of failure of a sub-system may be displayed.
  7. Fire guidance system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power supply for the sub-systems is effected via a ring feeder.
EP87102683A 1986-04-18 1987-02-25 Fire guiding system for a weapon equipment of an armoured vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0249679B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863613097 DE3613097A1 (en) 1986-04-18 1986-04-18 FIRE GUIDE SYSTEM FOR A WEAPON SYSTEM OF A TANK VEHICLE
DE3613097 1986-04-18

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EP0249679A2 EP0249679A2 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0249679A3 EP0249679A3 (en) 1990-05-23
EP0249679B1 true EP0249679B1 (en) 1993-05-26

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EP87102683A Expired - Lifetime EP0249679B1 (en) 1986-04-18 1987-02-25 Fire guiding system for a weapon equipment of an armoured vehicle

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US7698986B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2010-04-20 Bofors Defence Ab Weapon sight

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DE3802894A1 (en) * 1988-02-01 1989-08-10 Esg Elektronik System Gmbh FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM
EP0852326B1 (en) * 1996-12-09 2002-07-17 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Weapon battery for anti-aircraft fire units
DE102009031620A1 (en) 2009-07-03 2011-02-24 Carl Zeiss Optronics Gmbh Weapon assembly, weapon system, as well as methods for a weapon assembly and method for a weapon system
CN112198787B (en) * 2020-09-01 2022-07-12 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 Multi-type fire control self-adaptive conversion system
DE102022106062A1 (en) 2022-03-16 2023-09-21 Vincorion Advanced Systems Gmbh Method and emergency control unit for operating an emergency control system for a gun device, gun device and vehicle

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SE441033B (en) * 1978-11-02 1985-09-02 Barr & Stroud Ltd CANON ELECTRICAL CONTROL DEVICE
US4494198A (en) * 1981-03-12 1985-01-15 Barr & Stroud Limited Gun fire control systems
DE3150894C2 (en) * 1981-12-22 1985-01-24 Blohm + Voss Ag, 2000 Hamburg Combat ship with functional unit systems
EP0105432B1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1990-01-24 General Electric Company Aircraft automatic boresight correction
DE3332795C2 (en) * 1983-09-09 1986-05-15 LITEF Litton Technische Werke der Hellige GmbH, 7800 Freiburg Fire control system for moving weapon carriers, in particular for battle tanks
DE3332793C2 (en) * 1983-09-10 1995-04-13 Josef Nemetz Butterfly valve

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7698986B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2010-04-20 Bofors Defence Ab Weapon sight
US8365650B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2013-02-05 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Weapon sight

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3613097C2 (en) 1988-09-01
DE3785969D1 (en) 1993-07-01
EP0249679A3 (en) 1990-05-23
EP0249679A2 (en) 1987-12-23
DE3613097A1 (en) 1988-01-07

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