EP0247401B1 - Filter centrifuge - Google Patents

Filter centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0247401B1
EP0247401B1 EP87106568A EP87106568A EP0247401B1 EP 0247401 B1 EP0247401 B1 EP 0247401B1 EP 87106568 A EP87106568 A EP 87106568A EP 87106568 A EP87106568 A EP 87106568A EP 0247401 B1 EP0247401 B1 EP 0247401B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
space
pressure
filter
filtrate
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EP87106568A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0247401A2 (en
EP0247401A3 (en
Inventor
Günther Hultsch
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Mannesmann Demag Krauss Maffei GmbH
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Krauss Maffei AG
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Publication of EP0247401A3 publication Critical patent/EP0247401A3/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/08Skimmers or scrapers for discharging ; Regulating thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B13/00Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B15/00Other accessories for centrifuges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04BCENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a centrifuge of this type is known from CH-PS 580 986, in which a gas space radially adjoining the filter medium is connected to an external air suction device. After the main filtration, this centrifuge can be used to carry out the so-called dry centrifugation or the compressed gas filtration, a gas flowing through the solid cake deposited on the filter medium, which gas is led to the outside via the gas discharge line.
  • the section of the gas discharge line arranged in the drum base has a relatively narrow flow cross section, as a result of which the gas, which is heavily enriched with filtrate liquid, is discharged again from the filter centrifuge at high speed, without any significant amount of the filtrate liquid contained in the gas being able to be separated.
  • the invention has for its object to design a filter centrifuge of the type mentioned in such a way that a small amount of the filtrate liquid contained in the discharged gas can be separated with little construction in the area of the drum base.
  • the section of the gas discharge line arranged in the side wall of the filter centrifuge consists of a spacer grille arranged on the side wall, which extends from the hollow bore in the shaft of the filter centrifuge into the gas space and which has a disk on the side facing the interior of the centrifuge drum is covered from liquid and gas-tight material.
  • This disk-shaped section of the gas discharge line acts as a droplet separator, since the gas which relaxes after passing through the solid cake flows radially inwards at a low flow rate due to the greatly enlarged flow cross section.
  • the disc resting on the spacer grille is made of rubber, so that it can be easily installed and replaced even when the filter centrifuge is very narrow.
  • the filter centrifuge 1 consists of a solid jacket drum 2 which has a ring weir 3 on one side and the drum base 4 on the other side, in which the shaft 5 is fastened. Inside the solid jacket drum 2 is a cylindrical filter medium 6 arranged, which is attached on one side to the ring weir 3 and on the other side to the drum base 4. A filtrate collecting space 7 is enclosed between the filter medium 6 and the solid jacket drum 2, which is composed of a gas space 7a directly adjoining the filter medium 6 and a filtrate liquid space 7b.
  • the filtrate liquid space 7b is connected via an outlet opening 8 arranged in the drum base 4 to an annular space 9 into which a peeling tube 10 projects.
  • a spacer grid 11 and a disk 12 made of elastomeric material are fastened to the drum base 4 and are sealed in the radially outer area from the filter medium 6 by means of a circumferential ring seal 13.
  • the space formed by the drum base 4, the spacer grid 11 and the disk 12 represents a partial area of a gas discharge line 14, which leads from the gas chamber 7a via the spacer grid 11 and a hollow bore in the shaft 5 to a rotary feedthrough 15.
  • the filter centrifuge 1 is enclosed by a pressure housing 16 in which the shaft 5 is mounted. Outside the pressure housing 16, the shaft 5 has a V-belt pulley 17 with which the filter centrifuge can be driven by the drive unit 19 via V-belts 18.
  • the pressure housing 16 On the side opposite the drive unit, the pressure housing 16 is penetrated by an inlet pipe 20, through which the filter centrifuge 1 suspension can be fed, the solid components of which settle on the filter medium 6 in the form of a solid cake 21 after dewatering.
  • the pressure housing 16 is also penetrated by the discharge tube 22 of a peeling device 23, which has a collecting trough 24 and a peeling knife 25 arranged in the interior of the filter centrifuge 1 and has a shut-off valve 22a outside the pressure housing 16.
  • a compressed gas line 26 leads into the interior of the pressure housing 16 and is fed by a compressor 27, the delivery rate of which can be controlled by a controllable drive motor 28.
  • the feed line 29 of the compressor 27 is connected to the gas discharge line 14, and a check valve 30, a condenser 31, a cooler 32 and a heater 33 can optionally be connected between the compressor 27 and the rotary union 15. Furthermore, a 4/2-way valve 34 can be arranged in the feed line 29 and in the pressure gas line 26, with which pressure gas can be applied to the inside of the pressure housing 16 in the position shown and with the gas discharge line 14 in the other switching position for the purpose of Reverse current application of the filter medium 6 compressed gas can be supplied.
  • a pressure sensor 35 for measuring the overpressure p u is arranged in the interior of the pressure housing 16.
  • the peeling tube 10 has a device 36 for measuring the angular position ⁇ of the peeling tube, which is directly proportional to the radial liquid level r a in the annular space 9.
  • the device 36 for measuring the angular position ⁇ of the peeling tube 10 is coupled to a rotary actuator 37, with which the angular position ⁇ of the peeling tube 10 and thus also the liquid level r a in the annular space 9 can be adjusted.
  • a tachometer 38 is arranged, with which the speed or the angular velocity ⁇ of the shaft 5 can be measured.
  • the pressure sensor 35, the device 36 for measuring the angular position ⁇ of the peeling tube 10 and the tachometer 38 are connected via measured value lines 39, 40 and 41 to a control unit 42 in which the measured values transmitted from the measured value lines 39, 40 and 41 are connected for the overpressure p ü , the angular position ⁇ or the liquid level r a and the speed or angular speed after appropriate preparation and shaping, whereupon the drive motor 28, the drive unit 19 and the rotary actuator 37 via the control lines shown in solid lines 43, 44 and 45 can be controlled in accordance with certain selectable operating programs stored in the control unit 42.
  • the filter centrifuge in one embodiment, in which a compressor 27, which draws freely from the atmosphere, is provided as the excess pressure generating means, the compressed air is conducted via the pressure line 26 into the interior of the pressure housing 16.
  • the suspension the solids of which are deposited in the centrifugal field on the filter medium 6 in the form of a solid cake 21, is fed to the filter centrifuge 1 via the inlet pipe 20.
  • the filtrate enters the filtrate collecting space 7, whereby a gas space 7a and a filtrate liquid space 7b with the radial liquid level r i are formed.
  • the filtrate passes through the discharge opening 8 into the annular space 9, the radial liquid level r a of which is determined by the angular position ⁇ of the peeling tube 10.
  • the gas can flow freely into the atmosphere or, as shown in the drawing, can be fed back in a closed circuit via the feed line 29 to the suction side of the compressor 27.
  • a capacitor 31, a cooler 32 or a heater 33 are acted.
  • These devices can also be on other than that shown Position can be arranged.
  • the heater 33 can be connected downstream of the compressor 27 in order to avoid the solid cake 21 to be able to apply greater heat losses with the hotest possible gas.
  • gases vapors of chemically or biologically reactive substances can also be conducted in a closed circuit.
  • the direction of flow of the gas can also be reversed (switch position not shown) in order to allow the filter medium 6 to flow through in the opposite direction for the purpose of loosening the solid cake 21.
  • the gas discharge line 14 is first shut off by means of the check valve 30. Then the peeling device 23 is pivoted by pivoting the discharge tube 22 in the direction of arrow 22b, whereupon the peeling knife 25 is pressed into the solid cake 21 and the solid parts detached from the solid cake 21 at a reduced speed of the filter centrifuge 1 fall into the collecting trough 24. After opening the shut-off valve, the solids are conveyed to the outside through the discharge pipe 22 by means of the compressed gas.
  • the speed or the angular velocity ⁇ of the filter centrifuge 1 the height .DELTA.h of the liquid column and the pressure difference .DELTA.p, controlled by the control unit 42, are coordinated with one another in such a way that in any case penetration of filtrate liquid into the horizontal region the gas discharge line 14 is excluded.
  • the parameters ⁇ p and ⁇ h are coordinated with one another in normal operation such that gas or vapors flow through the solid cake 21 with the greatest effectiveness.
  • the aforementioned parameters are coordinated with one another in such a way that, at a reduced speed of the filter centrifuge 1, a good loosening effect for the solid cake, a good cleaning effect for an added filter medium 6 and a good discharge rate for peeled solids.
  • the control valve 42 can also be used to control the shut-off valve 22a, the pivoting device for the discharge pipe 22, the shut-off valve 3, the 4/2-way valve 34, the condenser 31, the cooler 32 and the heater 33 in order to ensure fully automatic operation with constant To achieve a succession of loading, drying, discharge and backwashing phases.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Filterzentrifuge gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a filter centrifuge according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine Zentrifuge dieser Art ist aus der CH-PS 580 986 bekannt, bei der ein an das Filtermedium radial anschließender Gasraum an eine außenstehende Luftabsaugvorrichtung angeschlossen ist. Mit dieser Zentrifuge kann nach der Hauptfiltration das sogenannte Trockenschleudern bzw. die Druckgasfiltration durchgeführt werden, wobei der sich auf dem Filtermedium abgesetzte Feststoffkuchen von einem Gas durchströmt wird, das über die Gasabführleitung nach außen geführt wird. Bei dieser bekannten Zentrifuge weist das im Trommelboden angeordnete Teilstück der Gasabführleitung einen verhältnismäßig engen Strömungsquerschnitt auf, wodurch das stark mit Filtratflüssigkeit angereicherte Gas mit hoher Geschwindigkeit wieder aus der Filterzentrifuge ausgetragen wird, ohne daß eine nennenswerte Menge der im Gas enthaltenen Filtratflüssigkeit abgesondert werden kann.A centrifuge of this type is known from CH-PS 580 986, in which a gas space radially adjoining the filter medium is connected to an external air suction device. After the main filtration, this centrifuge can be used to carry out the so-called dry centrifugation or the compressed gas filtration, a gas flowing through the solid cake deposited on the filter medium, which gas is led to the outside via the gas discharge line. In this known centrifuge, the section of the gas discharge line arranged in the drum base has a relatively narrow flow cross section, as a result of which the gas, which is heavily enriched with filtrate liquid, is discharged again from the filter centrifuge at high speed, without any significant amount of the filtrate liquid contained in the gas being able to be separated.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Filterzentrifuge der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß mit geringem Bauaufwand im Bereich des Trommelbodens eine Abscheidung einer großen Menge der im ausgetragenen Gas enthaltenen Filtratflüssigkeit erreicht werden kann.The invention has for its object to design a filter centrifuge of the type mentioned in such a way that a small amount of the filtrate liquid contained in the discharged gas can be separated with little construction in the area of the drum base.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht das in der Seitenwand der Filterzentrifuge angeordnete Teilstück der Gasabführleitung aus einem an der Seitenwand angeordneten Distanzgitter, das von der Hohlbohrung in der Welle der Filterzentrifuge bis in den Gasraum reicht und das an der dem Innenraum der Zentrifugentrommel zugewandten Seite mit einer Scheibe aus flüssigkeits- und gasdichtem Material abgedeckt ist. Dieser scheibenförmige Teilbereich der Gasabführableitung wirkt als Tröpfchenabscheider, da das Gas, das sich nach dem Durchtritt durch den Feststoffkuchen entspannt, wegen des stark vergrößerten Strömungsquerschnittes mit geringer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit radial nach innen strömt. Infolge der hohen Beschleunigungskräfte im Zentrifugalfeld ergibt sich dabei eine intensive Tröpfchenabscheidung, die noch durch geeignete Form der den Abscheideraum ausfüllenden Distanzgitterteile begünstigt werden kann. Derartige Formen sind aus den üblichen Tröpfchenabscheidern bekannt.In a preferred embodiment, the section of the gas discharge line arranged in the side wall of the filter centrifuge consists of a spacer grille arranged on the side wall, which extends from the hollow bore in the shaft of the filter centrifuge into the gas space and which has a disk on the side facing the interior of the centrifuge drum is covered from liquid and gas-tight material. This disk-shaped section of the gas discharge line acts as a droplet separator, since the gas which relaxes after passing through the solid cake flows radially inwards at a low flow rate due to the greatly enlarged flow cross section. As a result of the high acceleration forces in the centrifugal field, there is an intensive droplet separation, which can still be favored by a suitable shape of the spacer grille parts filling the separation space. Such shapes are known from the usual droplet separators.

Vorzugsweise besteht die auf dem Distanzgitter aufliegende Scheibe aus Gummi, so daß diese auch bei einer sehr engen Öffnung der Filterzentrifuge leicht eingebaut und ausgewechselt werden kann.Preferably, the disc resting on the spacer grille is made of rubber, so that it can be easily installed and replaced even when the filter centrifuge is very narrow.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben, die im Schnitt eine von einem Druckgehäuse umschlossene, fliegend gelagerte Filterzentrifuge zeigt.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which shows in section a filter centrifuge which is surrounded by a pressure housing and is mounted on the fly.

Die Filterzentrifuge 1 besteht aus einer Vollmanteltrommel 2, die an einer Seite ein Ringwehr 3 und an der anderen Seite den Trommelboden 4 aufweist, in dem die Welle 5 befestigt ist. Innerhalb der Vollmanteltrommel 2 ist ein zylindrisches Filtermedium 6 angeordnet, das auf der einen Seite am Ringwehr3 und auf der anderen Seite am Trommelboden 4 befestigt ist. Zwischen dem Filtermedium 6 und der Vollmanteltrommel 2 ist ein Filtratsammelraum 7 eingeschlossen, der sich aus einem unmittelbar an das Filtermedium 6 anschließenden Gasraum 7a und einem Filtratflüssigkeitsraum 7b zusammensetzt.The filter centrifuge 1 consists of a solid jacket drum 2 which has a ring weir 3 on one side and the drum base 4 on the other side, in which the shaft 5 is fastened. Inside the solid jacket drum 2 is a cylindrical filter medium 6 arranged, which is attached on one side to the ring weir 3 and on the other side to the drum base 4. A filtrate collecting space 7 is enclosed between the filter medium 6 and the solid jacket drum 2, which is composed of a gas space 7a directly adjoining the filter medium 6 and a filtrate liquid space 7b.

Der Filtratflüssigkeitsraum 7b ist über eine im Trommelboden 4 angeordnete Abflußöffnung 8 mit einem Ringraum 9 verbunden, in den ein Schälrohr 10 ragt. Am Trommelboden 4 sind ein Distanzgitter 11 und eine aus elastomerem Material bestehende Scheibe 12 befestigt, die im radial äußeren Bereich gegenüber dem Filtermedium 6 mittels einer umlaufenden Ringdichtung 13 abgedichtet ist.The filtrate liquid space 7b is connected via an outlet opening 8 arranged in the drum base 4 to an annular space 9 into which a peeling tube 10 projects. A spacer grid 11 and a disk 12 made of elastomeric material are fastened to the drum base 4 and are sealed in the radially outer area from the filter medium 6 by means of a circumferential ring seal 13.

Der vom Trommelboden 4, dem Distanzgitter 11 und der Scheibe 12 gebildete Raum stellt einen Teilbereich einer Gasabführungsleitung 14 dar, die vom Gasraum 7a über das Distanzgitter 11 und eine Hohlbohrung in der Welle 5 zu einer Drehdurchführung 15 führt.The space formed by the drum base 4, the spacer grid 11 and the disk 12 represents a partial area of a gas discharge line 14, which leads from the gas chamber 7a via the spacer grid 11 and a hollow bore in the shaft 5 to a rotary feedthrough 15.

Die Filterzentrifuge 1 ist von einem Druckgehäuse 16 umschlossen, in dem die Welle 5 gelagert ist. Außerhalb des Druckgehäuses 16 weist die Welle 5 eine Keilriemenscheibe 17 auf mit der die Filterzentrifuge über Keilriemen 18 von der Antriebseinheit 19 antreibbar ist.The filter centrifuge 1 is enclosed by a pressure housing 16 in which the shaft 5 is mounted. Outside the pressure housing 16, the shaft 5 has a V-belt pulley 17 with which the filter centrifuge can be driven by the drive unit 19 via V-belts 18.

Auf der der Antriebseinheit gegenüberliegenden Seite wird das Druckgehäuse 16 von einem Zulaufrohr 20 durchsetzt, über das der Filterzentrifuge 1 Suspension zuführbar ist, deren Feststoffbestandteile sich nach der Entwässerung auf dem Filtermedium 6 in Form eines Feststoffkuchens 21 absetzen.On the side opposite the drive unit, the pressure housing 16 is penetrated by an inlet pipe 20, through which the filter centrifuge 1 suspension can be fed, the solid components of which settle on the filter medium 6 in the form of a solid cake 21 after dewatering.

Das Druckgehäuse 16 wird ferner vom Austragsrohr 22 einer Schäleinrichtung 23 durchsetzt, das im Inneren der Filterzentrifuge 1 einen Auffangtrog 24 und ein Schälmesser 25 angeordnet hat und außerhalb des Druckgehäuses 16 ein Absperrventil 22a aufweist.The pressure housing 16 is also penetrated by the discharge tube 22 of a peeling device 23, which has a collecting trough 24 and a peeling knife 25 arranged in the interior of the filter centrifuge 1 and has a shut-off valve 22a outside the pressure housing 16.

Des weiteren führt in das Innere des Druckgehäuses 16 eine Druckgasleitung 26, die von einem Kompressor 27 gespeist wird, dessen Förderleistung über einen regelbaren Antriebsmotor 28 steuerbar ist.Furthermore, a compressed gas line 26 leads into the interior of the pressure housing 16 and is fed by a compressor 27, the delivery rate of which can be controlled by a controllable drive motor 28.

Die Zuführleitung 29 des Kompressors 27 ist an die Gasabführleitung 14 angeschlossen, wobei zwischen dem Kompressor 27 und der Drehdurchführung 15 wahlweise ein Sperrventil 30, ein Kondensator 31, ein Kühler 32 und ein Heizer 33 angeschlossen sein können. Des weiteren kann in der Zuführleitung 29 und in der Druckgasleitung 26 ein 4/2-Wegeventil 34 angeordnet sein, mit dem in der dargestellten Stellung das Innere des Druckgehäuses 16 mit Druckgas beaufschlagbar ist und mit dem in der anderen Schaltstellung der Gasabführleitung 14 zum Zweck der Umkehrstrombeaufschlagung des Filtermediums 6 Druckgas zuführbar ist.The feed line 29 of the compressor 27 is connected to the gas discharge line 14, and a check valve 30, a condenser 31, a cooler 32 and a heater 33 can optionally be connected between the compressor 27 and the rotary union 15. Furthermore, a 4/2-way valve 34 can be arranged in the feed line 29 and in the pressure gas line 26, with which pressure gas can be applied to the inside of the pressure housing 16 in the position shown and with the gas discharge line 14 in the other switching position for the purpose of Reverse current application of the filter medium 6 compressed gas can be supplied.

Im Inneren des Druckgehäuses 16 ist ein Druckmeßfühler 35 zur Messung des Überdrucks pü angeordnet.A pressure sensor 35 for measuring the overpressure p u is arranged in the interior of the pressure housing 16.

Das Schälrohr 10 weist an der das Druckgehäuse 16 durchsetzenden Position eine Vorrichtung 36 zur Messung der Winkelstellung α des Schälrohrs auf, die dem radialen Flüssigkeitsniveau ra im Ringraum 9 unmittelbar proportional ist.At the position passing through the pressure housing 16, the peeling tube 10 has a device 36 for measuring the angular position α of the peeling tube, which is directly proportional to the radial liquid level r a in the annular space 9.

Die Vorrichtung 36 zur Messung der Winkelstellung α des Schälrohrs 10 ist mit einem Dreh-Stellantrieb 37 gekoppelt, mit dem die Winkelstellung α des Schälrohrs 10 und somit auch das Flüssigkeitsniveau ra im Ringraum 9 einstellbar ist.The device 36 for measuring the angular position α of the peeling tube 10 is coupled to a rotary actuator 37, with which the angular position α of the peeling tube 10 and thus also the liquid level r a in the annular space 9 can be adjusted.

Am Austritt der Welle 5 aus dem Druckgehäuse 16 ist ein Drehzahlmesser 38 angeordnet, mit dem die Drehzahl bzw. die Winkelgeschwindigkeit ω der Welle 5 meßbar ist.At the exit of the shaft 5 from the pressure housing 16, a tachometer 38 is arranged, with which the speed or the angular velocity ω of the shaft 5 can be measured.

Der Druckmeßfühler 35, die Vorrichtung 36 zur Messung der Winkelstellung α des Schälrohrs 10 und der Drehzahlmesser 38 sind über in unterbrochenen Linien dargestellte Meßwertleitungen 39, 40 und 41 mit einer Steuereinheit 42 verbunden, in der die aus den Meßwertleitungen 39, 40 und 41 übermittelten Meßwerte für den überdruck pü, die Winkelstellung α bzw. das Flüssigkeitsniveau ra und die Drehzahl bzw. Winkelgeschwindigkeit nach entsprechender Aufbereitung und Umformung verarbeitet werden, worauf der Antriebsmotor 28, die Antriebseinheit 19 und der Dreh-Stellantrieb 37 über die in durchgehenden Linien dargestellten Steuerleitungen 43, 44 und 45 nach Maßgabe bestimmter wählbarer, in der Steuereinheit 42 eingespeicherter Betriebsprogramme angesteuert werden können.The pressure sensor 35, the device 36 for measuring the angular position α of the peeling tube 10 and the tachometer 38 are connected via measured value lines 39, 40 and 41 to a control unit 42 in which the measured values transmitted from the measured value lines 39, 40 and 41 are connected for the overpressure p ü , the angular position α or the liquid level r a and the speed or angular speed after appropriate preparation and shaping, whereupon the drive motor 28, the drive unit 19 and the rotary actuator 37 via the control lines shown in solid lines 43, 44 and 45 can be controlled in accordance with certain selectable operating programs stored in the control unit 42.

Im Betrieb wird die Filterzentrifuge in einer Ausführungsform, in der als Überdruckerzeugungsmittel ein frei aus der Atmosphäre ansaugender Kompressor 27 vorgesehen ist, die Druckluft über die Druckleitung 26 in das Innere des Druckgehäuses 16 geleitet. Über das Zulaufrohr 20 wird der Filterzentrifuge 1 die Suspension zugeführt, deren Feststoffe sich im Zentrifugalfeld auf dem Filtermedium 6 in Form eines Feststoffkuchens 21 absetzen. Das Filtrat gelangt in den Filtratsammelraum 7, wobei sich ein Gasraum 7a und ein Filtratflüssigkeitsraum 7b mit dem radialen Flüssigkeitsniveau ri ausbildet. Das Filtrat gelangt über die Abflußöffnung 8 in den Ringraum 9, dessen radiales Flüssigkeitsniveau ra von der Winkelstellung α des Schälrohrs 10 bestimmt wird. Zwischen dem Flüssigkeitsniveau ra im Ringraum 9 und dem Flüssigkeitsniveau ri im Filtratflüssigkeitsraum 7b ist somit eine Flüssigkeitssäule der Höhe Δ h = ra - ri eingestellt, deren hydrostatischer Druck pz im Zentrifugalfeld der Druckdifferenz Δ p = pü - po entspricht, die zwischen dem Gasraum 7a mit dem Druck po und dem übrigen Innenraum innerhalb des Druckgehäuses 16 mit dem Druck pü gegeben ist. Durch den hydrostatischen Druck pz ist sichergestellt, daß die Filtratflüssigkeit nicht in die Gasabführleitung 14 eindringt und radial außerhalb des Filtermediums 6 ein Gasraum 7a mit dem Druck po erhalten bleibt, wodurch der Filterkuchen 21 nach der Hauptfiltration (Zentrifugalfiltration) zusätzlich dem Trockenschleudern bzw. einer Druckgasfiltration unterzogen werden kann, bei der der Filterkuchen der Reibwirkung eines mit einem Druckgefälle von Δ p = pü - po durchströmenden Gases ausgesetzt wird. Das Druckgas gelangt nach der Durchdringung des Feststoffkuchens 21 über die Gasabführleitung 14 und die Drehdurchführung 15 nach außerhalb des Druckgehäuses 16.In operation, the filter centrifuge, in one embodiment, in which a compressor 27, which draws freely from the atmosphere, is provided as the excess pressure generating means, the compressed air is conducted via the pressure line 26 into the interior of the pressure housing 16. The suspension, the solids of which are deposited in the centrifugal field on the filter medium 6 in the form of a solid cake 21, is fed to the filter centrifuge 1 via the inlet pipe 20. The filtrate enters the filtrate collecting space 7, whereby a gas space 7a and a filtrate liquid space 7b with the radial liquid level r i are formed. The filtrate passes through the discharge opening 8 into the annular space 9, the radial liquid level r a of which is determined by the angular position α of the peeling tube 10. Between the liquid level r a in the annular space 9 and the liquid level r i in the filtrate liquid space 7b, a liquid column of height Δ h = r a - r i is thus set, whose hydrostatic pressure p z in the centrifugal field corresponds to the pressure difference Δ p = p ü - p o , which is given between the gas space 7a with the pressure p o and the rest of the interior within the pressure housing 16 with the pressure p u . The hydrostatic pressure p z ensures that the filtrate liquid does not penetrate the gas discharge line 14 and that a gas space 7a with the pressure p o is maintained radially outside the filter medium 6, as a result of which the filter cake 21 after the main filtration (centrifugal filtration) is additionally subjected to the dry spin or can be subjected to a pressure gas filtration, in which the filter cake is exposed to the friction effect of a gas flowing through with a pressure drop of Δ p = p ü - p o . After penetration of the solid cake 21, the compressed gas reaches the outside of the pressure housing 16 via the gas discharge line 14 and the rotating union 15.

Das Gas kann dabei frei in die Atmosphäre ausströmen, oder, wie in der Zeichnung dargestellt, in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf über die Zuführleitung 29 der Saugseite des Kompressors 27 wieder zugeführt werden. Bei der Rückführung kann auf das Gas durch weitere Einrichtungen wie z. B. einen Kondensator 31, einen Kühler 32 oder einen Heizer 33 eingewirkt werden. Diese Einrichtungen können auch an anderer als der dargestellten Position angeordnet werden. So kann der Heizer 33 dem Kompressor 27 nachgeschaltet sein, um den Feststoffkuchen 21 unter Vermeidung
größerer Wärmeverluste mit möglichst heißem Gas beaufschlagen zu können. Anstelle von Gasen können auch Dämpfe von chemisch oder biologisch reagierenden Substanzen im geschlossenen Kreislauf geführt werden.
The gas can flow freely into the atmosphere or, as shown in the drawing, can be fed back in a closed circuit via the feed line 29 to the suction side of the compressor 27. When returning to the gas through other facilities such. B. a capacitor 31, a cooler 32 or a heater 33 are acted. These devices can also be on other than that shown Position can be arranged. Thus, the heater 33 can be connected downstream of the compressor 27 in order to avoid the solid cake 21
to be able to apply greater heat losses with the hotest possible gas. Instead of gases, vapors of chemically or biologically reactive substances can also be conducted in a closed circuit.

Mittels des 4/2-Wegeventils 34 kann die Strömungsrichtung des Gases auch umgekehrt werden (nicht dargestellte Schaltstellung), um zum Zweck der Auflockerung des Feststoffkuchens 21 das Filtermedium 6 in umgekehrter Richtung durchströmen zu lassen.By means of the 4/2-way valve 34, the direction of flow of the gas can also be reversed (switch position not shown) in order to allow the filter medium 6 to flow through in the opposite direction for the purpose of loosening the solid cake 21.

Zum Austrag der Feststoffe aus der Filterzentrifuge 1 wird zunächst die Gasabführleitung 14 mittels des Sperrventils 30 abgesperrt. Anschließend wird die Schäleinrichtung 23 durch Verschwenken des Austragsrohres 22 in Richtung des Pfeiles 22b verschwenkt, worauf das Schälmesser 25 in den Feststoffkuchen 21 gedrückt wird und die vom Feststoffkuchen 21 bei verminderter Drehzahl der Filterzentrifuge 1 gelösten Feststoffteile in den Auffangtrog 24 fallen. Nach Öffnen des Absperrventils werden die Feststoffe mittels des Druckgases durch das Austragsrohr 22 nach außen gefördert.To discharge the solids from the filter centrifuge 1, the gas discharge line 14 is first shut off by means of the check valve 30. Then the peeling device 23 is pivoted by pivoting the discharge tube 22 in the direction of arrow 22b, whereupon the peeling knife 25 is pressed into the solid cake 21 and the solid parts detached from the solid cake 21 at a reduced speed of the filter centrifuge 1 fall into the collecting trough 24. After opening the shut-off valve, the solids are conveyed to the outside through the discharge pipe 22 by means of the compressed gas.

Bei allen Betriebsarten der Zentrifuge sind die Drehzahl bzw. die Winkelgeschwindigkeit ω der Filterzentrifuge 1, die Höhe Δ h der Flüssigkeitssäule und die Druckdifferenz Δ p, gesteuert durch die Steuereinheit 42 so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß in jedem Fall ein Eindringen von Filtratflüssigkeit in den horizontalen Bereich des Gasabführleitung 14 ausgeschlossen ist.In all operating modes of the centrifuge, the speed or the angular velocity ω of the filter centrifuge 1, the height .DELTA.h of the liquid column and the pressure difference .DELTA.p, controlled by the control unit 42, are coordinated with one another in such a way that in any case penetration of filtrate liquid into the horizontal region the gas discharge line 14 is excluded.

Darüberhinaus sind im Normalbetrieb die Parameter Δ p, und Δ h so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß der Feststoffkuchen 21 mit größter Wirksamkeit von Gas oder Dämpfen durchströmt wird. Desgleichen sind bei der Umkehrbeaufschlagung des Filtermediums 6 durch einen in Gegenrichtung geförderten Gasstrom und beim Austragsvorgang die vorgenannten Parameter so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß bei verminderter Drehzahl der Filterzentrifuge 1 ein guter Auflockerungseffekt für den Feststoffkuchen, ein guter Reinigungseffekt für ein zugesetztes Filtermedium 6 und eine gute Austragsleistung für abgeschälte Feststoffe erzielt wird.In addition, the parameters Δ p and Δ h are coordinated with one another in normal operation such that gas or vapors flow through the solid cake 21 with the greatest effectiveness. Likewise, when the filter medium 6 is acted upon in reverse by a gas flow conveyed in the opposite direction and during the discharge process, the aforementioned parameters are coordinated with one another in such a way that, at a reduced speed of the filter centrifuge 1, a good loosening effect for the solid cake, a good cleaning effect for an added filter medium 6 and a good discharge rate for peeled solids.

Über die Steuereinheit 42 können dabei auch das Absperrventil 22a, die Verschwenkeinrichtung für das Austragsrohr 22, das Sperrventil 3, das 4/2-Wegeventil 34, der Kondensator 31, der Kühler 32 und der Heizer 33 angesteuert werden, um einen vollautomatischen Betrieb mit ständiger Aufeinanderfolge von Beladungs-, Trocknungs-, Austrags- und Rückspülphasen zu erreichen.The control valve 42 can also be used to control the shut-off valve 22a, the pivoting device for the discharge pipe 22, the shut-off valve 3, the 4/2-way valve 34, the condenser 31, the cooler 32 and the heater 33 in order to ensure fully automatic operation with constant To achieve a succession of loading, drying, discharge and backwashing phases.

Claims (3)

  1. An apparatus for filtering suspensions in a filter centrifuge (1) enclosed by a pressure casing (16) which comprises over-pressure generating means, for example a compressor, to supply the interior of the pressure casing (16) with an internal over-pressure pu which is elevated in comparison with atmospheric pressure po and which consists of a preferably cylindrical filter medium (6) which is enclosed by a full-jacket drum (2), there being connected between filter medium (6) and full jacket drum (2) a filtrate collecting space (7) which is composed of a gas space (7a) directly adjacent the filter medium (6) and a filtrate fluid space (7b) with the fluid level ri, the gas space (7a) comprising a gas discharge line (14) having radially within the fluid level ri and extending through the drum end (4) and the shaft (5) of the filter centrifuge (1) to a situation outside the filter centrifuge, the filtrate fluid space (7b) having a discharge orifice for filtrate fluid and which discharges into an annular space (9) into which a skimming tube (10) for adjusting the fluid level ra can be so pivoted that the apparatus for carrying out filtration is operated in accordance with the Bernoulli equations in respect of hydrostatic pressure equalisation, characterised in that the gas discharge line (14) is a disc-like gas space formed by the drum end (4) and a disc (12) which is held at a distance therefrom.
  2. An apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that the disc (12) is held at a distance from the drum end (4) by a spacing grid (11).
  3. An apparatus according to Claim 2, the disc (12) consists of rubber.
EP87106568A 1986-05-27 1987-05-06 Filter centrifuge Expired - Lifetime EP0247401B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863617768 DE3617768A1 (en) 1986-05-27 1986-05-27 FILTER CENTRIFUGE
DE3617768 1986-05-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0247401A2 EP0247401A2 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0247401A3 EP0247401A3 (en) 1987-12-23
EP0247401B1 true EP0247401B1 (en) 1992-01-08

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ID=6301710

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87106568A Expired - Lifetime EP0247401B1 (en) 1986-05-27 1987-05-06 Filter centrifuge

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4997575A (en)
EP (1) EP0247401B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0720558B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3617768A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0247401A2 (en) 1987-12-02
JPH0720558B2 (en) 1995-03-08
JPS62289251A (en) 1987-12-16
EP0247401A3 (en) 1987-12-23
DE3617768C2 (en) 1991-10-10
US4997575A (en) 1991-03-05
DE3617768A1 (en) 1987-12-03

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