EP0243156A1 - A fluid-bed reactor - Google Patents

A fluid-bed reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0243156A1
EP0243156A1 EP87303513A EP87303513A EP0243156A1 EP 0243156 A1 EP0243156 A1 EP 0243156A1 EP 87303513 A EP87303513 A EP 87303513A EP 87303513 A EP87303513 A EP 87303513A EP 0243156 A1 EP0243156 A1 EP 0243156A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
reactor
fluid
furnace chamber
ducts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87303513A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens Bundgaard
John Emil Piper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Burmeister and Wain Energy AS
Original Assignee
Burmeister and Wain Energy AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Burmeister and Wain Energy AS filed Critical Burmeister and Wain Energy AS
Publication of EP0243156A1 publication Critical patent/EP0243156A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F22B31/0092—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed with a fluidized heat exchange bed and a fluidized combustion bed separated by a partition, the bed particles circulating around or through that partition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fluid-bed reactor of the type comprising, on one hand, a vertical combustion chamber in which a vortex layer of inert material during operation of the reactor is kept fluidized to such a de­gree that a considerable part thereof is entrained by the discharging flue gases and after separation from the gases is recirculated to the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, a heat exchanger in which the working medium of the reactor absorbs heat from recycling vortex layer material.
  • US patent No. 4 111 158 discloses a reactor of said type comprising two circuits for recycling vortex layer material including ash particles and possibly un­burnt combustibles.
  • the first circuit includes a cyclone separator in which the major portion of the particles entrained by the flue gases discharging from the com­bustion chamber is separated from the gases and from which the particles are fed back to the combustion chamber.
  • the said heat exchanger in which the energy ge­nerated by the combustion is utilized forms part of a second circuit in which the particles are removed from the bottom of the vortex layer in the combustion chamber and after cooling in the heat exchanger positioned ex­ternally of said chamber are fed back to an area at a higher level in the combustion chamber.
  • a reactor according to the present invention differs from the prior art reactor in that the com­bustion chamber comprises an upper furnace chamber and a lower reactor chamber in wich the combustion is effect­ed, that the reactor chamber is centrally located beneath the furnace chamber and has a substantially smaller cross-sectional area than said furnace chamber and that the heat exchanger is incorporated in one or more vertical ducts arranged around and adjacent the re­actor chamber and which at their top are open towards the furnace chamber.
  • the major portion of the supplied combustible burns by reaction with the fluidization and combustion air injected at the bottom of the chamber, the flow quantity of which is so high that the particles in the vortex layer, including ash particles and pos­sibly unburnt combustible, extensively is entrained up­wards by the flue gases into the superjacent furnace chamber.
  • the dividing-up of the combustion chamber, cha­racteristic of the invention, into the just mentioned lower reactor chamber and the superjacent furnace cham­ber having a substantially larger cross-sectional area, causes a correspondingly sudden reduction of the flow rate of the gases when passing from the reactor chamber into the furnace chamber.
  • the convey­ing influence exerted by the flue gases on the particles ceases rapidly and the particles move outwardly towards the walls of the furnace chamber, where the gas rate is zero or approximately zero.
  • the particles finally drop down into the open duct or ducts, from the bottom of which they are fed back to the bottom of the reactor chamber after having transferred heat to the working me­dium.
  • the positioning of the duct or ducts against the central reactor chamber with common, intermediate walls offers a good heat economy, low thermal stresses in the interme­diate walls and a simple structure.
  • the comparatively low flue gas temperature at the outlet from the com­bustion chamber also entails that, apart from the reac­tor chamber, a cementing with fire-resistant material on the whole becomes superfluous.
  • the resulting reduction of the heat accumulating ability of the reactor provides for a quicker start-up period and a shorter shut-down period of cooling in case of interruption of operation.
  • As the weight of the reactor proper is hereby lowered so is the weight of its supporting structure and the de­mands on reactor bases.
  • the reactor illustrated in the drawings is sup­posed to be constructed as a reactor container with na­tural circulation and its combustion chamber generally designated 1 is defined by vertical, gastight tubular walls, the riser pipes of which extend in a traditional manner into an upper drum 2 via appropriate headers while being connected at the bottom with distributor boxes, not shown.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is divided into an upper section 3, in the following designated the furnace chamber of the reactor, and a section 4 centrally - or coaxially - located beneath the furnace chamber and constituting the reactor chamber of the re­actor in which the major part of the combustion is effected.
  • the reactor chamber which is open at the top towards the furnace chamber has a substantially smaller cross-sectional area than the furnace chamber, in the illustrated embodiment about 25% of the cross-sectional area of the furnace chamber.
  • each duct 5 is defined by an in­sulated thermal external wall as illustrated in Figs 1 and 2.
  • the external walls of the reactor chamber 4, two of which consequently constitute partition walls for the ducts 5, are constructed as gastight tubular walls whose tubes at the bottom are charged from distributor boxes (not shown) while extending outwardly at the top towards and as a part of the vertical tubular walls of the furnace chamber 3.
  • a wind chamber 8 having an inlet 9 for fluidization and combustion air is located beneath reactor chamber 4. Air is blown into reactor chamber 4 through chamber 8 and a principally traditional grate or nozzle bottom 10 at a flow quantity sufficient to ensure that the particulate material accommodated in the chamber is not only whirled forcibly up, thereby causing the combustion to be more efficient, but is entrained, as regards the major part, by the flue gases generated during combus­tion, when said gases discharge from the upper opening of the reactor chamber (so-called pneumatic conveyance).
  • Fig. 3 also purely schematically shows inlet conduits 11 and 12 for comminuted combustible and vortex material, resp., adapted to compensate for the loss of material during the working of the reactor.
  • Furnace chamber 3 which in the illustrated em­bodiment has substantially the same height as reactor chamber 4 is completed at the top by an inclined tu­bular wall 13 providing, in comparison with the re­mainder of the cross-section of the furnace chamber, a substantially narrowed area of the outlet opening 14 for flue gases.
  • a short, upwardly extending convection passage 15 and a substantially longer downwardly ex­tending convection passage 16 are located after outlet opening 14 in immediate abutment against one of the lateral walls of furnace chamber 3.
  • Convection heat surfaces generally designated 17 are shown in said two gas passages 15 and 16 and constitute, in a manner traditional per se, for instance pre-superheaters, air pre-heaters or economisers.
  • a channel 18 extends from the lower end of gas passage 16 upwardly into a cy­clone separator 19 in which most of the still remain­ing particles are separated from the flue gas and col­lected through a discharge conduit 20 at the bottom of the separator by a container 21 from which they may fully or partially be fed back to one of ducts 5 through a return conduit 22 and/or removed from the system.
  • the purified flue gases discharge from the sepa­rator through a conduit 23 which as illustrated in Fig. 1 may pass the flue gasses to additional convection heat surfaces 24 and therefrom to a dust separator 25, e.g. a bag filter or an electro filter.
  • a draught blower not shown, blows the flue gases from dust separator 25 to a chimney.
  • the reactor includes heat surfaces 26 accommodated in the two ducts 5.
  • Said heat surfaces which, as it will best appear from Fig. 2, may be formed as tubular helices, at least as regards some of them, are exposed to the highest tempe­ratures in the reactor, and it is therefore obvious that said heat surfaces, or at least part thereof, constitute the final superheater of the reactor, provided the reac­tor be adapted to supply overheated steam, for example to a turbo generator.
  • the recycling of particulate material from ducts 5 to reactor chamb­er 4 may be controlled by adjustable slide valves.
  • Said slide valves may be used to control the heat ab­sorption of the working medium in heat surfaces 26 and to control the temperature of the vortex layer in reac­tor chamber 4 , dependent on the injected quantity of combustible.
  • it is fur­ther possible to control the steam temperature of an as­ sociated turbine by water injection and the steam pres­sure may be used as a controlling parameter for regu­lating the load quantities of combustible and air.
  • the quantity of air necessary for the com­bustion may in itself be too small to sufficiently flui­dize the material in reactor chamber 4 and in such circumstances, part of the flue gas is recycled to the reactor chamber through bottom 10 of said chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Wick-Type Burners And Burners With Porous Materials (AREA)
EP87303513A 1986-04-23 1987-04-22 A fluid-bed reactor Withdrawn EP0243156A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK186086A DK186086A (da) 1986-04-23 1986-04-23 Kedel til fluid-bed forbraending
DK1860/86 1986-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0243156A1 true EP0243156A1 (en) 1987-10-28

Family

ID=8108600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87303513A Withdrawn EP0243156A1 (en) 1986-04-23 1987-04-22 A fluid-bed reactor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0243156A1 (da)
JP (1) JPS62258912A (da)
KR (1) KR870010356A (da)
BR (1) BR8701911A (da)
DD (1) DD256081A5 (da)
DK (1) DK186086A (da)
FI (1) FI871698A (da)
NO (1) NO871667L (da)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989008225A1 (en) * 1988-03-04 1989-09-08 Aalborg Boilers A/S A fluid bed cooler, a fluid bed combustion reactor and a method for the operation of a such reactor
EP0438169A2 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-24 Nkk Corporation Circulating fluid-bed combustion apparatus
EP0722067A2 (en) * 1995-01-12 1996-07-17 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Heat recovery apparatus by fluidized bed
EP0692999B2 (en) † 1993-04-05 2005-06-08 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy A fluidized bed reactor system and a method of manufacturing the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2753173A1 (de) * 1976-12-08 1978-06-22 Chambert Lars Axel Andreas M S Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von stoffen in einer wirbelschicht
DE3322971A1 (de) * 1983-06-25 1985-01-10 Ferdinand Lentjes, Dampfkessel- und Maschinenbau, 4000 Düsseldorf Wirbelschichtreaktor
EP0204176A2 (de) * 1985-05-23 1986-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennkammer für eine Wirbelschichtfeuerung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2753173A1 (de) * 1976-12-08 1978-06-22 Chambert Lars Axel Andreas M S Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung von stoffen in einer wirbelschicht
DE3322971A1 (de) * 1983-06-25 1985-01-10 Ferdinand Lentjes, Dampfkessel- und Maschinenbau, 4000 Düsseldorf Wirbelschichtreaktor
EP0204176A2 (de) * 1985-05-23 1986-12-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennkammer für eine Wirbelschichtfeuerung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989008225A1 (en) * 1988-03-04 1989-09-08 Aalborg Boilers A/S A fluid bed cooler, a fluid bed combustion reactor and a method for the operation of a such reactor
EP0438169A2 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-24 Nkk Corporation Circulating fluid-bed combustion apparatus
EP0438169A3 (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-12-18 Nkk Corporation Circulating fluid-bed combustion apparatus
EP0692999B2 (en) † 1993-04-05 2005-06-08 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy A fluidized bed reactor system and a method of manufacturing the same
EP0722067A2 (en) * 1995-01-12 1996-07-17 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Heat recovery apparatus by fluidized bed
EP0722067A3 (en) * 1995-01-12 1998-02-04 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Heat recovery apparatus by fluidized bed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO871667D0 (no) 1987-04-22
JPS62258912A (ja) 1987-11-11
DK186086A (da) 1987-10-24
FI871698A (fi) 1987-10-24
DD256081A5 (de) 1988-04-27
DK186086D0 (da) 1986-04-23
FI871698A0 (fi) 1987-04-16
BR8701911A (pt) 1988-02-02
KR870010356A (ko) 1987-11-30
NO871667L (no) 1987-10-26

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Inventor name: BUNDGAARD, JENS

Inventor name: PIPER, JOHN EMIL