EP0241169A1 - Appareil respiratoire - Google Patents
Appareil respiratoire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0241169A1 EP0241169A1 EP87302408A EP87302408A EP0241169A1 EP 0241169 A1 EP0241169 A1 EP 0241169A1 EP 87302408 A EP87302408 A EP 87302408A EP 87302408 A EP87302408 A EP 87302408A EP 0241169 A1 EP0241169 A1 EP 0241169A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- breathing
- canister
- circuit
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen
Definitions
- This invention concerns an improved breathing apparatus, more especially it concerns a closed circuit breathing apparatus having dual sources of oxygen.
- Closed circuit apparatus for use in hazardous atmospheres for escape and rescue purposes are well known, and may be of a variety of types. It is to be noted that such apparatus are not suitable for use under water, although they may be briefly submerged.
- Apparatus intended for rescue work for example in underground mines, principally comprise a compressed oxygen bottled and a carbon dioxide absorber, invariably a canister containing soda-lime, together with a breathing bag and breathing tubes, and valves to ensure one-way flow and to prevent overpressurising the system.
- Oxygen may be supplied into the breathing circuit by a constant flow valve, a demand valve or a combination of a constant flow valve and a demand valve.
- Carbon dioxide is present in the exhalations from the user of the apparatus, and to prevent accumulation of CO2 in the breathing gas, the exhalations are passed through soda-lime, which absorbs CO2.
- the chemical reaction during absorption heats up the purified gas and also produces water vapour, necessitating careful design and/or coolers of various types in order to provide breathing gas at an acceptable temperature.
- Open circuit apparatus vent exhalations to the atmosphere, so that no purification is required.
- Compressed oxygen or compressed air open circuit breathing apparatus are widely used also, for example by fire brigades, but the venting of exhalations results in a high usage rate of gas and a relatively short life because of weight limitations if the apparatus is to be man portable on land.
- the present invention aims to satisfy several requirements; to provide sufficient oxygen to sustain life for a set duration, and be flexible in principle to permit durations for example of 30,60,120 or 180 minutes; to provide a sufficient volume of oxygen at low breathing volumes, for example a "rest” situation, at 10 l/min and also at high breathing volumes, for example an "escape” situation involving hard physical effort such as climbing inside an oil platform leg, at 100 l/min; to maintain the temperature and condition of inspired oxygen at physiologically acceptable levels; to remove carbon dioxide from exhalations so that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the inspired oxygen does not exceed acceptable levels; and to maintain inhalation and exhalation breathing resistances within acceptable levels throughout the wearing period.
- the present invention provides a breathing apparatus usable as a closed circuit breathing apparatus and comprising a personal gas supply means for inhalation and exhalation, a canister connected to receive the exhalations of a wearer and containing a charge of a substance capable of generating oxygen upon reaction with the carbon dioxide and moisture in the exhalations, a breathing bag connected to the canister to receive oxygen and purified exhalations and a cylinder of compressed oxygen having a dosing valve actuated by the requirements of the wearer and adapted to feed into the breathing circuit, suitably between the canister and the wearer.
- the personal gas supply means may comprise a single breathing hose through which inhalations and exhalations pass, and also the canister may permit tidal (pendulum) flow therethrough.
- the canister may permit tidal (pendulum) flow therethrough.
- inhalation and exhalation hoses which are desirably fitted with one-way valves to direct gas flow in the appropriate direction; such valves may be at either end of the hoses, or may be incorporated in a mouthpiece fitting or a half- or full-face mask.
- the substance capable of generating oxygen is preferably an alkali metal superoxide or mixed superoxides. It is preferred to use potassium superoxide (KO2) which has a greater bound oxygen content per unit weight than sodium superoxide.
- K2 potassium superoxide
- the use of such a substance has significant advantages in addition to the generation of oxygen in that not only is carbon dioxide absorbed but also water vapour reacts and is removed from the circulating breathing gas. This is to be contrasted with the usual carbon dioxide absorber, soda lime, which releases water vapour as a reaction product into the breathing gas.
- the circulating breathing gas is saturated with water vapour with the result that the temperature of the gas is of great importance since the physiological tolerance temperature of saturated air is approximately 53°C, whereas for dry air the tolerance temperature is 91°C.
- purified exhalations leaving the soda lime canister are at temperatures of 50-60°C, so that artificial cooling means or large surface areas for cooling are necessary.
- the apparatus of the present invention much higher temperatures can be tolerated by the use without significant discomfort. Nonetheless, the apparatus may incorporate cooling means for gas to be inhaled.
- Many cooling means have been suggested and used in the art of conventional breathing apparatus, including heat exchangers, ice or dry-ice containers, evaporative coolers and forced air cooling using an electric fan, which latter is preferred for use in the present invention.
- known breathing apparatus of this type do not have two separate sources of oxygen available to a wearer throughout the nominal duration of the apparatus.
- the quantities of oxygen-generating substance and the compressed oxygen volume and cylinder size are selected to provide an oxygen supply from the substance of 1 to 2 l/min, ie. sufficient for normal movement or rest, for a desired nominal duration and oxygen is available on demand and as required from the compressed oxygen cylinder up to the maximum requirements of the wearer, eg. to 100-120 l/min.
- a relatively low constant flow of oxygen eg 1 to 2 l/min
- Suitable demand valves and constant flow/demand valves are available from commercial sources, and may be actuated by a reduction of pressure or by the emptying of the breathing bag.
- the breathing bag may be a bladder or a metal-type breathing bag, and may be selected according to the intended use of the apparatus, and weight and durability requirements.
- a vent-to-atmosphere valve is incorporated in the breathing circuit between the personal gas supply means and the canister and is positioned and adapted to release part of the exhaled breath to the atmosphere before it passes through the canister. Accordingly, the life of the oxygen-generating substance is prolonged and/or the quantity of substance may be reduced, reducing the volume and weight of the canister.
- the apparatus of the invention offers primarily improved security and safety to the wearer compared to known apparatus, in that failure of one oxygen source, for whatever reason, does not affect the ability of the other source to provide sufficient oxygen to sustain life. Furthermore, it has been known for certain apparatus currently marketed to provide insufficient oxygen in tests on a treadmill so that the wearer would have lost consciousness or has been seriously weakened. The apparatus of the invention may also provide considerably extended duration which may be necessary while awaiting rescue.
- Figs 1 and 2 depicit first and second embodiments.
- the apparatus has a metal breathing bag generally indicated by 1, and part of the bag is formed by a metal bulkhead, 2.
- a canister mounted on the bulkhead is a canister, 3, containing a charge of 2 kg KO2 between dust filters (not shown).
- the canister has an inlet, 4, and an outlet, 5, which outlet is connected to the breathing bag.
- the bulkhead also carries a compressed oxygen bottle, 6, of capacity up to 1800 l at 200 bar pressure having a reducing valve and pressure gauge, 7, and having a line into the breathing bag in which is positioned a pressure operated demand valve, shown in outline, 8.
- an outlet connection piece, 9, having a one-way valve is attached to an inhalation breathing hose, 10, leading to a mouthpiece, 11, and an exhalation by means of a valve body, 13, having a vent-to-atmosphere valve, 14, and, between the valve 14 and the inlet to the canister, a further one-way valve.
- a nose-clip, 15, is attachd by a cord to the mouthpiece.
- a wearer donning the apparatus inhales, causing, because of the one-way valves, a reduction of pressure within the breathing bag, and actuating the demand valve to dose fresh oxygen from the cylinder into the breathing bag to satisfy the immediate requirements of the wearer.
- the exhalations pass through hose 12 into the canister 3 where the carbon dioxide and water vapour in the exhalations react with the potassium superoxide to form potassium carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate and to release oxygen which fills the breathing bag in preparation for the next inhalation.
- part of each exhalation is vented to the atmosphere through valve 14. Should the breathing bag at the next inhalation, or any inhalation caused by exertion for example, contain insufficient oxygen, the demand valve will operate to dose further oxygen into the breathing circuit.
- a mouthpiece, 21 is connected by a single breathing tube, 22, to a valve unit containing an inhalation valve, 23, and an exhalation valve, 24.
- An oxygen cylinder, 25, carries a reducing and demand valve block having a pressure gauge 25a, the block being connected by a hose of pipe, 26, to the inhalation valve 24.
- a breathing bag, 27, Also connected to the hose or pipe is a breathing bag, 27, provided with an excess pressure valve, 28.
- the breathing bag has a further connection hose or pipe, 29, to one side of a KO2 canister, 20.
- the canister is connected at its other side to the exhalation valve by a hose or pipe, 31, having an excess pressure valve, 32.
- a close circuit valve, 33 which is effective to open or close the connection hose or pipe 29 is fitted therein.
- the apparatus operates as a closed circuit apparatus with supplementary oxygen on demand, in analogous manner to the apparatus of Fig. 1. If, however, the valve 33 is closed, the apparatus operates as a short duration compressed oxygen open circuit apparatus.
- the wearer receives oxygen on demand from the cylinder; the user's exhalations are prevented from passing through the canister, and exhaust to the atmosphere through valve 32. It may be advantageous on occasion to operate in this manner, where the wearer receives only cool dry oxygen from the cylinder.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB08608057A GB2188553A (en) | 1986-04-02 | 1986-04-02 | Improved breathing apparatus |
GB8608057 | 1986-04-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0241169A1 true EP0241169A1 (fr) | 1987-10-14 |
Family
ID=10595563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87302408A Withdrawn EP0241169A1 (fr) | 1986-04-02 | 1987-03-20 | Appareil respiratoire |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0241169A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU7067487A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2188553A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA872153B (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2822712A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-04 | Fenzy Sa | Dispositif respiratoire autonome fonctionnant en circuit semi ferme |
CN104056666A (zh) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-24 | 株式会社电装 | 蜂窝结构体 |
CN106943685A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 东华大学 | 一种可穿戴氧气自救呼吸器及其使用方法 |
CN115531758A (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-30 | 安徽钟南人防工程防护设备有限公司 | 一种化学氧消防自救呼吸器 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3840606A1 (de) * | 1988-12-02 | 1990-06-07 | Draegerwerk Ag | Atemschutzgeraet mit mehreren regenerationspatronen und atembeutel |
JP3480114B2 (ja) * | 1995-04-20 | 2003-12-15 | 株式会社菊池製作所 | 酸素呼吸器 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB472088A (en) * | 1936-08-24 | 1937-09-16 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in respiratory protection apparatus |
GB2064335A (en) * | 1979-11-27 | 1981-06-17 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Breathing apparatus |
GB2074458A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1981-11-04 | Draegerwerk Ag | Respiratory apparatus |
GB2114450A (en) * | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-24 | Draegerwerk Ag | Respiratory apparatus |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3604416A (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1971-09-14 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Emergency oxygen system |
US3692026A (en) * | 1969-10-20 | 1972-09-19 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Underwater breathing apparatus |
US3837337A (en) * | 1973-01-29 | 1974-09-24 | Violette P | Self-contained closed circuit breathing apparatus |
AU484863B2 (en) * | 1974-02-06 | 1975-11-27 | Barrington Paul Terence | Diver's breathing apparatus |
US3923053A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1975-12-02 | David Guild Jansson | Respiratory protective device |
US4186735A (en) * | 1977-04-21 | 1980-02-05 | Flood Michael G | Breathing apparatus |
US4359048A (en) * | 1979-01-26 | 1982-11-16 | Banyaszati Aknamelyito Vallalat | Automatically startable oxygen rescue device |
-
1986
- 1986-04-02 GB GB08608057A patent/GB2188553A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-03-20 EP EP87302408A patent/EP0241169A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-03-24 ZA ZA872153A patent/ZA872153B/xx unknown
- 1987-03-26 AU AU70674/87A patent/AU7067487A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB472088A (en) * | 1936-08-24 | 1937-09-16 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Improvements in respiratory protection apparatus |
GB2064335A (en) * | 1979-11-27 | 1981-06-17 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Breathing apparatus |
GB2074458A (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1981-11-04 | Draegerwerk Ag | Respiratory apparatus |
GB2114450A (en) * | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-24 | Draegerwerk Ag | Respiratory apparatus |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2822712A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-04 | Fenzy Sa | Dispositif respiratoire autonome fonctionnant en circuit semi ferme |
CN104056666A (zh) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-24 | 株式会社电装 | 蜂窝结构体 |
CN104056666B (zh) * | 2013-03-22 | 2017-10-31 | 株式会社电装 | 蜂窝结构体 |
CN106943685A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 东华大学 | 一种可穿戴氧气自救呼吸器及其使用方法 |
CN115531758A (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-30 | 安徽钟南人防工程防护设备有限公司 | 一种化学氧消防自救呼吸器 |
CN115531758B (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-07-25 | 安徽钟南人防工程防护设备有限公司 | 一种化学氧消防自救呼吸器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2188553A (en) | 1987-10-07 |
GB8608057D0 (en) | 1986-05-08 |
ZA872153B (en) | 1987-11-25 |
AU7067487A (en) | 1987-10-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR IT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19880308 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19891120 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19900331 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: EVANS, JOHN DELWYN Inventor name: SMITH, GORDON Inventor name: JOHNSTON, GORDON ALLAN |