EP0240956B1 - Apparatus for twisting yarns - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a thread twisting device for twisting a multiplicity of threads, having a driven thread spindle and a thread conveyor connected downstream in the thread run and driven in a defined ratio adapted to the desired degree of twist. In such a twisting device, the threads are placed on a bobbin as a supply spool, brought together and twisted together to form a thread.

Known thread twisting devices of this type work according to the single-twist principle, with the bobbin plate with the attached supply bobbins rotating around the twine axis, or according to the double-wire principle, in which the bobbin plate is floatingly supported on the rotating twisting spindle and is held in place by external forces.

Thread twisting devices based on the double wire twisting principle are particularly suitable for the application described above, because the bobbin plate does not rotate and therefore relatively high spindle speeds can be achieved, even if the mass of the supply bobbins is not distributed rotationally symmetrically on the bobbin plate. Supply spools with different fillings can thus be used and some or more of the plug-on devices for supply spools can also remain vacant.

A particular advantage of this also results from the fact that the thread twisting device can be arranged with an oblique or horizontal axis, a weight preferably being used to hold the bobbin plate in a rotationally asymmetrical manner on the bobbin plate.

In order to impart a defined thread to a thread with such a thread twisting device, it is necessary that its running speed and the thread spindle speed are in a fixed ratio which is adapted to the desired degree of twisting. The thread conveying speed and the twisting spindle speed must therefore have constant or at least predetermined values in relation to one another. The coupling between the conveying speed and the spindle speed can take place, for example, by means of gears or electrical interlinking. Such thread twisting devices are now being used to produce threads with special color effects from a large number of threads with different colors. B. further processed by hand knitting devices or coiled into balls, also preferably by hand.

In this application, which is tailored to the needs of do-it-yourselfers or homeworkers, it must be taken into account that the demand fluctuates greatly over time, e.g. B. due to the working speed of the knitter or by technical conditions of the hand knitting device. For this reason, no twisting devices have become known which are suitable for twisting a large number of individual threads. Therefore, hitherto, color effects in the knitted fabric could only be brought about by introducing balls of different colors one after the other, with the thread of a ball over. its length is the same color.

The object of the invention is to provide a thread twisting device in which there is the possibility, on the one hand, of continuously changing the color of the thread by briefly exchanging the supply spools and, on the other hand, of making the twisted thread thus produced immediately available for further processing with a fluctuating demand.

To solve this problem, a thread twisting device is proposed, to which a thread store with quantity sensing is assigned, and in which the drive of the twisting spindle and the thread conveyor is switched synchronously by the quantity sensing or with a small time offset.

It is a combination of measures which ensures that there is always a sufficient amount of thread of a freshly produced, twisted thread available for further processing, without on the one hand leading to the transmission of threads and on the other hand causing unreasonable or unacceptable thread tensions.

If two motors with electrical interlinking or one motor with a gear connection are provided for the drive of the spindle and the drive of the conveyor, the technical effort involved may be undesirable for certain purposes, a twisting device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, care is therefore taken to ensure that a fixed, preferably selectable ratio between the thread conveying speed and the twisting spindle speed is ensured with a single drive and that the thread is provided with a defined twisting (twists per meter).

For this purpose, it is provided that the twisting spindle is also an integral part of the thread conveyor.

In all of these versions, the thread store can be connected downstream of the thread conveyor or be part of the thread conveyor.

In a special embodiment, the thread conveyor is formed by the spindle end and a pressure roller pressed resiliently against the surface of the spindle end.

If the thread twisting device is designed as a double-wire twisting spindle, the end of the spindle, which faces away from the bobbin plate receiving the feed bobbins, expediently serves as the conveyor.

To change the twisting (twists per m of thread length) it is provided that the spindle end can be positively connected to interchangeable feed wheels of different diameters. This can e.g. B. happen in that acting as a conveying surface conveying sleeves with different outer diameters on the spindle end and rotatably connected to it. For this purpose, for example, a stop limiting the path of the sleeve to be slid on can be provided, the end face of the sleeve and the stop itself can have notches that fit into one another and enable a positive connection.

In another alternative, the spindle is designed as a hollow spindle and a plurality of interchangeable feed wheels with different diameters have a shaft shoulder which fits into the hollow spindle and can be connected to it in a form-fitting manner. The thread store according to this invention is characterized in that it is connected to switching devices by means of which the stored amount of thread is scanned and a switching takes place as a function of this scanning. Thread stores of this type are known per se in the prior art.

It can e.g. B. are fixed rotating bodies, on which the ballooning or circumferential thread is wound up by means of a proboscis and pulled off overhead. Such thread stores are used primarily when using the double-wire principle and are arranged centrally above the spindle, the thread then being wound up on the rotating body as a result of its ballooning movement. In this case, a one-sided swiveling switching tongue is arranged on the surface line of the rotating body, which is wound over with increasing thread quantity and thereby carries out the quantity-dependent switching.

Particular attention should be paid to the fact that for the home improvement and home work area, the thread storage device must be robust, must store a relatively large amount of thread and, in addition, may only cause low run-off tensions and thread tension fluctuations in the running thread.

According to a further proposal of the invention, such a thread store consists of two essentially parallel pins which are wrapped by the thread. These pins can under the action of an external force, for. B. gravity or spring force, a relative movement away from each other and under the action of the thread tension a relative movement to each other. When the distance is reduced, the spindle and the thread feeder are switched on. If the distance is increased beyond a predetermined amount, the spindle drive and the conveyor are switched off. The amount of thread is determined by the mutual distance. Such a thread store consists, for example, of a fixed form bracket and a pivot thread guide which can be pivoted about a pivot bearing, an energy store loading the pivot thread guide in the direction away from the fixed form bracket and the pivot thread guide interacting with the switching lug of a microswitch for switching the drive motor on and off.

In one embodiment, which is particularly suitable for double-wire twisting spindles, the thread is guided at least in the last part of the thread balloon with the aid of a storage spout rotating with the twisting spindle and placed on a fixed rotating body connected to the machine frame and from the side of the rotating body facing the spindle through a central one Drilled hole withdrawn, the rotary body also serves as a thread store with quantity sensing and forms the thread conveyor together with the deposit nozzle. The rotary body is preferably in the form of a circular cylinder, but it can also have the shape of a hyperboloid, delimited by the plane of symmetry perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, for example to facilitate yarn withdrawal, the mouthpiece of the lay-off nozzle close to the yarn in a defined diameter range the larger end face, for example on a provided bead.

In the last described embodiments, the quantity scanning can be accommodated, for example, in a longitudinal switching slot of the rotating body. It consists of a switching tongue protruding from the slot when the thread store is empty, which, pushed through the thread turns into the slot, actuates the switching lug of a switch (microswitch) in the motor circuit and switches off the motor. The change in the ratio between the thread conveying speed and the spindle speed is possible here by using rotating bodies of different effective diameters.

The particular advantage of this thread store is that it also serves as a thread conveyor, so that when the spindle is switched on and off, the thread conveyor is simultaneously switched on and off.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained with the aid of the accompanying drawings.

• Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fadenzwirngeräts;
• Fig. 2 eine Ausführungsform mit Rotationskörper;
• Fig. 3 ein zylindrischer Rotationskörper mit Mengenabtastung;
• Fig. 4 einen Rotationskörper in Hyperboloidform
• Fig. 5 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel

It shows:

• 1 shows a first embodiment of the thread twisting device according to the invention;
• 2 shows an embodiment with a rotating body;
• 3 shows a cylindrical rotary body with quantity scanning;
• Fig. 4 shows a body of revolution in hyperboloid form
• Fig. 5 shows another embodiment

1 shows a first embodiment of the thread twisting device according to the invention. In a bearing block 7 fastened to the machine frame 4, the spindle 8 is rotatably supported by means of the bearings 13. At its upper end, it carries a bobbin 3, which carries the supply bobbin 1. The spool plate 3, which is mounted on the one end of the spindle 8 with the aid of the bearings 14 seated in the plate hub 12, has a weight 15 which, when the spindle 8 is essentially horizontal, immobilizes the spool plate 3.

The threads 6 running from the supply bobbins 1 are deflected in the direction of the spindle axis via a ring 5 which is arranged concentrically with the spindle 8 and which is connected to the hub 12 of the bobbin plate 3 via a support rod 18 and enter a central thread channel 19 of the spindle 8 a. You leave this behind the bobbin 3 through a radial bore 20 as a first turn thread bundle 9. You go through then the radial balloon thread guide and the thread balloon 16 up to the balloon thread guide 10 and thereby get their second rotation. In the illustrated embodiment, the now twisted yarn 11 is deflected on the balloon thread guide 10 and guided via thread guides 17, 21 to a thread feed mechanism which resiliently springs to the spin from the rear spindle end 31 and a means not shown. delende 31 pressed pressure roller 35 there. The pressure roller is rotatably mounted in a fork 34 pivotally attached to the housing part 33. From the feed mechanism 31, 35, the thread is guided further to a thread store 39 which, in the embodiment shown, consists of a fixed thread guide rod 22 and a thread guide lever 23 which can be pivoted about a pivot axis 25 against the action of a compression spring 26.

The spindle 8 is driven by a motor 27 with the aid of a pulley 28 seated on the motor axis and a pulley 29 connected to the former via the belt 30 and seated on the spindle. A microswitch 38 is arranged in the area of action of the thread guide lever 23, the switching lug 37 of which interacts with a plate 36 on the thread guide lever 23. When the thread guide lever 23 is pivoted down as shown, there is no contact between the switching lug 37 and the switching plate 36, the motor is switched off. If the yarn supply in the game memory 39 is so small that the lever 23 is pivoted against the spring 26 in the direction of the thread guide rod 22, the microswitch 38 is actuated with the aid of the plate 36 and the motor 27 is switched on. The spindle 8 and thus the delivery mechanism 31, 35 formed by its end 31 together with the pressure roller 35 starts to move and conveys the yarn 11 into the yarn store 39. Under the pressure of the spring 26, the yarn guide or switching lever becomes larger as the yarn supply increases 23 slowly pivoted away from the thread guide rod 22 and finally, when the intended yarn supply in the thread store 39 is reached, the switching lug 37 is released, the motor is switched off.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, a sleeve 32 is placed on the rear spindle end 31. Here it forms, together with the pressure roller 35, the actual delivery mechanism, since it is connected to the spindle end 31 in a rotationally fixed manner. By optionally using the spindle end 31 itself as an effective conveying surface or sleeves 32 of different diameters pushed onto the spindle end, the ratio of thread conveying speed and spindle speed, so that the degree of twist, can be varied within relatively wide limits. In the case of a spring-loaded arrangement of the pressure roller 35, generally only the exchange of the respective sleeves 32 is required. In the embodiment shown, the pushed-on sleeve 32 lies against one end of a collar or stop 40. To ensure a rotationally fixed connection, end faces of the sleeves 32 and collar 40 can have notches which fit into one another.

In a modified embodiment according to FIG. 2, the thread emerging from the spindle 8 at 20 enters directly into a depositing trunk 42 which is connected to the spindle 8 and forms part of the same, which thread it in the region of the balloon tip onto a fixed rotating body connected to the machine frame 4 44, for example, deposits a cylinder or a hyperboloid by means of its mouthpiece 43. The yarn 16 is introduced on the side 46 of the rotary body 44 facing the spindle 8 into its central bore 49 and drawn off as the finished yarn 41.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a form of the thread conveying device that is substantially different from that of FIG. 1 is selected. The rotating body 44 is here also thread or yarn storage 39 and part of the thread conveying device consisting of the rotating body 44 and the rotating trunk 42 with the twist spindle 8 as part of it, with its mouthpiece 43. 3, a cylindrical body of rotation is shown. 4 is a hyperboloid that is cut off in the normal plane in which it has the smallest diameter.

The ratio of the thread speed to the spindle speed can be changed by exchanging the rotating body for those with different effective diameters. It is particularly advisable in the case of non-cylindrical shapes, possibly chosen to facilitate the running of the yarn, such as, for example, that shown in FIG. 4, to keep the distance between the mouthpiece 43 and the surface of the rotating body 44 as small as possible. As shown in FIG. 2 and also in FIG. 4, the yarn wound on the rotary body 44 as a thread storage device 39 is introduced in a loop 47 into a central bore 49 of the body 44 on the side facing the spindle 8 and is drawn off centrally through this .

2 to 4 deviates from that shown in FIG. 1, although an on and off switch 38 arranged in the motor circuit is also used here. It can be a microswitch or another suitable switching element. A switching slot 50 is incorporated into the surface of the rotating body 44 (see FIG. 3), in which a switching tongue 51 and a microswitch 38 with a switching lug 37 are accommodated. If the rotary body 44 is not wound, the switching tongue 51 protrudes from the switching slot 50. With the winding beginning at the right end (in the drawing) with the thread tension prevailing in the balloon 16, the switching tongue 51, shown here as a shaped spring plate, is continuously pressed further into the switching slot 50 until it finally actuates the switching lug 37 of the switch 38 and the motor 27 turns off. When the yarn supply 39 is processed, the switching tongue is released again, which ultimately leads to the drive 27 being switched on again.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, a double-wire twisting spindle 8 is rotatably mounted horizontally in bearings 13 in the stand 4. On the thread Spindle 8, the bobbin 3 is floating in bearings 14. It is held in position by weight 15, which is attached rotationally asymmetrically. A large number of bobbin holders 2, for example mandrels, are attached to the bobbin 3. Supply spools 1 with yarns of different colors are attached to these spikes. 5 shows two such supply coils. An axially parallel rod 18 is fastened to the hub 12 of the coil plate. At the end of the rod 18 the drain thread guide 5, which has the shape of a ring, sits centrally to the spindle. The spindle is equipped with a central bore 19 which extends through the bearing 14 and bends behind it in the radial direction and then ends in a radial balloon thread guide 56. The balloon thread guide 56 extends essentially in the radial direction and is designed here as a slotted tube (in FIG. 1 as a radial rod with deflection eyes).

The stationary balloon thread guide 10 is located on the other side of the spindle and centrally above the spindle. This is preceded by a thread conveyor 32 in the form of a rotatably driven roller. Pressure roller 35 is pressed against the roller of conveyor 32 by a spring.

A pulley 58 is positively placed on the roller of the thread conveyor 32. A thread guide 17, which is arranged stationary, serves the purpose of guiding the thread onto the thread store 39. The thread store 39 consists of two rods 22 and 23 arranged side by side in a common plane, which can make a relative movement to one another in the sense of a change in their distance. For this purpose, the rod 23 is designed as a pivot lever and can be pivoted about pivot bearing 25. The other rod 22 is rigidly cantilevered. The bearing end of the pivot lever 23 has a switching cam 36 which interacts with the switching lug 37 of a stationary switch 38.

The spindle end 31 is hollow. Pulleys 29 with different diameters can be positively connected to the spindle end. For this purpose, the pulleys 29 have a locating pin 57 which fits into the hollow spindle end 31 and can be clamped therein in a form-fitting manner axially and in the circumferential direction.

Motor 27 and shaft 60 on the one hand drive the spindle synchronously via drive belt 30 and pulley 29 and on the other hand the thread conveyor 32 via drive belt 59 and pulley 38. The speed ratio can be determined by selecting a belt pulley 29 with the desired diameter for the spindle end 31.

In operation, several supply spools 1 are placed on the spool holder. The threads are then in a folded thread run through the drain thread guide 5, then through the thread channel 19 of the spindle on the spindle axis, then through the balloon thread guide 56 with its corresponding deflections radially outwards and then again alongside the spindle axis through the balloon thread guide 10 and in the conveyor 32 is inserted. Then the thread is guided over the stationary thread guide 17 into the area of the clamping end of the rods 22, 23 and looped several times, for example twice around the rods 22 and 23 of the thread store 39, the thread leaves the thread store through the thread eyes 62, 63 at the end of the Bars 22 or 23 The thread is now placed, for example, on a hand-knitting machine or a hand-operated ball winder (not shown). If the hand knitting machine or the ball winder is started or if the knitter needs thread for hand knitting and the thread is pulled in the direction of arrow 64, the thread length with which the thread wraps around the rods 22 and 23 is reduced. As a result, the rod 23 (pivot lever) is pivoted until the switching cam 36 comes into contact with the switching lug 37 of the microswitch. Now the motor is switched on and the conveyor 32 and the spindle 8 are started synchronously. The thread is drawn off the supply spools 1 by the conveyor. By rotating the spindle 8 with the balloon thread guide 56, the thread forms a balloon 16 between the outlet of the balloon thread guide 56 and the balloon thread guide 10. The thread is twisted and at the same time first conveyed into the thread store 39, the pivot lever 23, which is spring-loaded or - as in executed example shown - is loaded by weight 65, pivoted such that the distance between the fixed rod 22 and the pivot lever 23 increases. This means that more thread quantity is stored in the thread store 39 or the thread is now made available for direct consumption with the direction of the arrow 64. The memory 39 acts as a material buffer. At the same time, the thread store 39 acts as a measuring device for the thread consumption and the thread feed and thus as a control element in a two-point control loop, by means of which the provision of twisted thread is adjusted to the consumption. Fluctuations in the processing speed are compensated for by the pivoting movements of the pivoting lever 23. At the end of consumption, twisting and conveying are interrupted when the storage has reached its filling, which is predetermined by the relative arrangement of the switch 38. The color composition of the finished thread can be changed at any time by exchanging one or more supply spools 1.

Claims (18)

1. Yarn twister for twisting a plurality of yarns, comprising a driven twist spindle and, downstream thereof and driven in a fixed ratio thereto adapted to the desired degree of twisting, a yarn conveyor, characterized in that the yarn conveyor (32, 35; 42, 44) is accompanied by a yarn reservoir (22, 23; 44) with a quantity sensor (36, 37; 37, 51) and in that the drive (32) of the twist spindle (8) and of the yarn conveyor is connected through the quantity sensor (36, 37; 37, 51).

2. Yarn twister according to claim 1, character-. ized in that the yarn conveyor is at the same time part of the twist spindle.

3. Yarn twister according to claim 2, characterized in that the yarn conveyor (32, 35) is connected to the spindle end and preferably consists of the spindle end (31) and of the contact roll (35) pressed springingly against the surface of the spindle end (31).

4. Yarn twister according to claim 3, characterized in that the spindle end (31) can be brought into a rotationally fast connection with conveyor wheels (sleeves 32) of different outer diameters.

5. Yarn twister according to claim 4, characterized in that the spindle (8) is a hollow axle and in that the conveyor wheels of the conveyor (32, 35) are connectable to the spindle (8) by a shaft stub which passes through the hollow axle and is positively connectable thereto in the direction of rotation.

6. Yarn twister according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the yarn store with quantity sensor is connected downstream of the yarn conveyor.

7. Yarn twister according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the yarn store (39) comprises two rod-shaped yarn guides (17, 21) which are arranged side by side and are wrapped at least once by the moving yarn and which are movable relative to each other by an external force in the direction of an increased distance between each other and by the yarn tension force in the direction of a reduced distance between each other, and which on moving towards each other turn the spindle (8) and conveyor drive (32, 35; 42, 44) ON and in the event of moving away from each other turn it OFF.

8. Yarn twister according to claim 7, characterized in that one of the rod-shaped yarn guides is a stationary hoop wire (22) and the other rod-shaped yarn guide is a pivotable yarn guide (23) which is pivotable about a pivot bearing and which is made to pivot away from the stationary hoop wire by a force generator (26) or by the force of gravity and which on pivoting in the opposite direction acts together with the switch (38) to turn ON the drive for spindle (8) and conveyor (32, 35; 42, 44).

9. Yarn twister according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn conveyor and yarn store comprise a rotary body (44) arranged centrally in the yarn outlet from the yarn twister and in that the yarn balloon coming out of the yarn twister is guided in such a way that it continuously winds onto the rotary body and is drawn off from there overhead, the rotary body (44) preferably having a central bore (49) through which the wound yarn is drawn off on the yarn twister remote side of the rotary body, and in that the quantity sensor (37, 51) is arranged on the rotary body (44).

10. Yarn twister according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotary body (44) has the shape of a cylinder, preferably of a circular cylinder.

11. Yarn twister according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotary body has a diameter which decreases along its length, the rotary body being for example a hyperboloid bounded by its plane of symmetry, and in that the rotary body points with its thinner end towards the spindle (8), and in that the yarn is guided in such a way out of the balloon that it is laid onto the rotary body (44) in the vicinity of the larger end face (bulge 48).

12. Yarn twister according to any one of claims 9 - 11, characterized in that a resilient switching tongue (51) is attached to the wind-on side of the rotary body (44) essentially parallel to the axis thereof, any overwound yarn on the rotary body (44) forcing the switching tongue (51) with its free end against a switch (38) which turns the drive to the spindle (8) OFF.

13. Yarn twister according to claim 12, characterized in that the rotary body (44) has a slot which extends essentially parallel to the axis of the rotary body and in which the switching tongue (51) and the switch (37, 38) are attached.

14. Yarn twister according to any one of claims 9-13, characterized in that rotary bodies (44) of different effective diameters are interchangeable for changing the twist ratio.

15. Yarn twister according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the take-off yarn guide (5) on the cone plate (3) can be equipped with a yarn brake which rests on the take-off yarn guide with a textile surface, plush, terry towelling, felt, velvet, velour and the like and is held in place on the take-off yarn guide by a magnet.

16. Yarn twister according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the yarn twister is a two-for-one twisting spindle on which the cone plate rests floatingly.

17. Yarn twister according to claim 16, characterized in that the two-for-one twisting spindle is mounted sideways with an inclined or horizontal axis and the cone plate is prevented from turning by a rotation-asymmetrically mounted weight.

18. Yarn twister according to claim 16 or 17 in conjunction with claim 3, characterized in that the yarn conveyor is formed at that end of the spindle which points away from the cone plate.

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