EP0238859A2 - Corrosion-resistant copper alloy for pipings, tanks or the like for flowing liquids, particularly for cold and/or hot water pipes - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant copper alloy for pipings, tanks or the like for flowing liquids, particularly for cold and/or hot water pipes Download PDFInfo
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- EP0238859A2 EP0238859A2 EP87102491A EP87102491A EP0238859A2 EP 0238859 A2 EP0238859 A2 EP 0238859A2 EP 87102491 A EP87102491 A EP 87102491A EP 87102491 A EP87102491 A EP 87102491A EP 0238859 A2 EP0238859 A2 EP 0238859A2
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- corrosion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the invention is directed to copper materials of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- copper materials of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- the damage caused by corrosion on cold and hot water pipes has increased considerably in recent times. These damage cases can be observed particularly in the case of installation pipes for the heating and sanitary area. More than a third of the damage occurs about four to five years after commissioning. Even after this short period of operation, there are high repair and, above all, additional follow-up costs if such installation pipes were installed under plaster or in the masonry.
- Corrosion of pipes can be divided into five groups, namely, a uniform surface corrosion, pitting n or trough feeding a selective corrosion attack (for copper-zinc alloys), and stress corrosion cracking.
- contact corrosion can occur in critical areas such as changes in cross-section or pipe bends.
- the invention has for its object to develop a copper material of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, which has a reduced sensitivity to pitting and stress corrosion cracking and is characterized by an increased cavitation resistance.
- This is achieved according to the invention by adding the alloy constituents to the copper mentioned in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the desired effects are optimized if an alloy content of these constituents according to claim 2 is added to the copper.
- the components in the various mixture components are selected within these limits.
- the addition of phosphorus in the mixture component (c) is only used in areas in which cold deformation of the copper alloy can be dispensed with, as stated in claim 3. Otherwise, only phosphorus-free copper alloys are used.
- the electrode potentials are plotted against p H values for the metals, metal oxides and ions mentioned.
- the diagrams contain the chemical and electrochemical equilibrium curves of the respective metal / solution system and delimit the conditions under which immunity, ie no attack by the metals, corrosion or passivity, can be expected. Each curve represents a reaction in equilibrium.
- a horizontal line corresponds to an equilibrium state in which electrons are contained, but no H + or OH ions.
- a vertical line corresponds to an equilibrium state in which H + or OH ions are present, but no electrons.
- an inclined straight line corresponds to an equilibrium state in which both H + and OH ions and electrons are contained.
- the diagrams contain areas in which the metals dissolve as ions and areas in which the metals are present as a condensed phase either as pure metal or as metal oxide.
- the metal will dissolve until the equilibrium concentration of the metal ions is reached. Such dissolution means corrosion. Corrosion is also expected in areas where there are dissolved ions. No corrosion occurs in areas where the metal is stable. This area is also called the immunity area. Finally, for areas where solid products are stable, the corrosion process is also prevented by a protective oxide layer. This is called the passivity area. According to the p H potential diagrams, the elements made of the components titanium / niobium, nickel / chromium and aluminum / silicon prove to be suitable additional elements for increasing the corrosion resistance, especially by shifting the resting potential to positive values.
- the germanium / gallium component does not form soluble oxides in aqueous solutions, but rather ions in large areas, which instead of copper dissolve at certain electrochemical potentials.
- Such alloy components can be referred to as "sacrificial elements”. This results in a cementation effect in the copper.
- the mixture component aluminum / silicon is added according to the invention as an alloy component.
- These can be supported by adding arsenic / phosphorus. This is also important because arsenic and phosphorus support the passivating influence of nickel, titanium, niobium and aluminum. The latter form water-insoluble oxides in a wide range. The oxides support the formation of a protective cover layer. As already mentioned, germanium and gallium serve as sacrificial elements. If the copper alloy according to the invention is not subject to cold working when processed, phosphorus can be used as an additive. Otherwise, a phosphorus-free copper alloy is only formed with arsenic additives.
- the alloying constituents are added proportionally to the copper alloys, taking into account the chemical potential and the change in the lattice parameter of copper, in such a way that mixed crystal formation takes place and multiphase in the crystal configuration Absence of an electrolyte does not lead to electrochemical reaction or pitting corrosion.
- 6 shows the lattice constants of various copper mixed crystals with different alloy contents of the metal in the copper. Apart from nickel, the lattice constant increases more or less as the metal dissolves in copper, depending on the element.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show state diagrams for various copper mixed crystals, specifically in FIG. 7 the two-substance system copper-niobium over the entire mixing range between pure niobium and pure copper as a function of the temperature of the mixed crystal, while FIG. 8 shows the corresponding ratios represents for the two-component system copper-titanium.
- the addition of nickel favors the expansion of the mixed crystal area in the copper alloy according to the invention. This allows larger amounts of alloying elements to be added.
- the aim is an alloy with the highest possible content of alloy elements, the end product forming a copper mixed crystal from an alloy that is as single-phase as possible.
- a good composition of the copper alloy according to the invention results from the components mentioned in claim 1, while an optimal corrosion resistance, which is also particularly economical to produce, results from the compositions mentioned in claim 2.
- the limit values for the individual alloy components for each component of the mixture, such as aluminum / silicon, each in weight Percentages given mean that the sum of the proportions of both elements is in this range, and in extreme cases one or the other element may be missing in this component.
- the properties of the copper alloy according to the invention show that the hot and cold formability is quite comparable to that of conventional rollable copper alloys. As already mentioned, the corrosion resistance of the alloy according to the invention is significantly improved. It should only be noted in the case of the copper alloy according to the invention that during the manufacturing process, slow cooling is brought about after the heat treatment of the mixture, so that no precipitates occur in the mixed crystal, which cause hardening and thus solidification in the material. This often has an adverse effect on the further processing of the material.
- the copper alloy according to the invention can be used with particularly good results for installation pipes in heating and sanitary systems.
- the copper alloy is also successfully used in industrial pipes and other pipe systems such as in motor vehicles.
- the copper alloy can also be used to build hot water preparation devices, containers, boilers, coolers and heat exchangers.
- use in desalination plants is conceivable.
- the use of this material can also be used for the construction of pipes and containers which have to absorb flowing media other than water or water vapor.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf Kupferwerkstoffe der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Art. Bei diesen bekannten Kupferwerkstoffen haben in letzter Zeit die Schadensfälle, verursacht durch Korrosionserscheinungen an Kalt- und Warmwasserrohren,erheblich zugenommen. Diese Schadensfälle sind vor allem bei Installationsrohren für den Heizungs- und Sanitärbereich zu beobachten. Mehr als ein Drittel der Schäden stellen sich in ca. vier bis fünf Jahren nach Inbetriebnahme ein. Schon nach dieser kurzen Betriebszeit ergeben sich hohe Reparatur- und vor allem zusätzliche Folgekosten, wenn solche Installationsrohre unter Putz oder im Mauerwerk verlegt wurden.The invention is directed to copper materials of the type specified in the preamble of
Korrosionen an Rohrleitungen können in fünf Gruppen unterteilt werden, nämlich eine gleichmäßige Flächenkorrosion, einen Loch- oder Muldenfraß,einen selektiven Korrosionsangriff (bei Kupfer-Zink-Legierungen) und eine Spannungsrißkorrosion. Darüber hinaus kann in kritischen Bereichen, wie Querschnittsänderungen oder_Rohrbögen eine Kontaktkorrosion auftreten.Corrosion of pipes can be divided into five groups, namely, a uniform surface corrosion, pitting n or trough feeding a selective corrosion attack (for copper-zinc alloys), and stress corrosion cracking. In addition, contact corrosion can occur in critical areas such as changes in cross-section or pipe bends.
Um Installationsanlagen instandzuhalten und ihre Lebensdauer zu verlängern werden wasserseitige Maßnahmen getroffen durch Zugabe von Phosphaten oder Silikaten zum strömenden Medium, sogenannten Inhibitoren im Versorgungswasser. Wasserversorgungsunternehmen, wie Stadt-Wasserwerke, haben solche Großversuche eingeleitet, die jedoch keine eindeutigen und durchschlagenden Erfolge brachten. Solche Zugaben im Versorgungswasser über längere Zeit sind kostenaufwendig und beeinträchtigen die Wasserqualität für den Verbraucher.In order to maintain installation systems and to extend their service life, water-side measures are taken by adding phosphates or silicates to the flowing medium, so-called inhibitors in the supply water. Water supply companies, such as city waterworks, have initiated such large-scale experiments, which, however, have not brought any clear and resounding success. Such additions in the supply water over a long period of time are costly and affect the water quality for the consumer.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kupferwerkstoff der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Art zu entwickeln, der eine verminderte Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Lochfraß und Spannungsrißkorrosion aufweist und sich durch einen erhöhten Kavitationswiderstand auszeichnet. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch Hinzufügung der im Kennzeichen des Anspruches 1 angeführten Legierungsbestandteile zum Kupfer erreicht. Die gewünschten Wirkungen werden optimiert, wenn man zum Kupfer einen Legierungsgehalt dieser Bestandteile gemäß Anspruch 2 zugibt. In Abhängigkeit von der künftigen Anwendung der Werkstoffe werden innerhalb dieser Grenzen die Bestandteile in den verschiedenen Mischungskomponenten gewählt. So wird der Zusatz von Phosphor in der Mischungskomponente (c) nur in Bereichen eingesetzt, in denen von einer Kaltverformung der Kupferlegierung abgesehen werden kann, wie im Anspruch 3 zum Ausdruck gebracht ist. Ansonsten wird bei phosphorfreien Kupferlegierungen nur mit Arsenzusatz gearbeitet.The invention has for its object to develop a copper material of the type mentioned in the preamble of
Anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung ist die Erfindung verdeutlicht. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 bis 5 elektrochemische Gleichgewichtsdiagramme (POURBAIX-Diagramme) für Aluminium, Titan, Niob, Nickel und Chrom, deren Oxiden und Ionen,
- Fig. 6 ein Diagramm über die Änderung des Gitterparameters a von Kupfer in Abhängigkeit vom Aluminiumgehalt,
- Fig. 7 ein Zustandsdiagramm des Zweistoffsystems Kupfer-Niob und
- Fig. 8 das Zustandsdiagramm des Zweistrom-Systems Kupfer-Titan
- 1 to 5 electrochemical equilibrium diagrams (POURBAIX diagrams) for aluminum, titanium, niobium, nickel and chromium, their oxides and ions,
- 6 shows a diagram of the change in the lattice parameter a of copper as a function of the aluminum content,
- Fig. 7 is a state diagram of the two-substance system copper-niobium and
- Fig. 8 shows the state diagram of the two-stream copper-titanium system
In den Diagrammen von Fig. 1 bis 5 sind die Elektrodenpotentiale über p H-Werten aufgetragen für die genannten Metalle, Metalloxide und Ionen. Die Diagramme enthalten die chemischen und elektrochemischen Gleichgewichtskurven des jeweiligen Systems Metall/Lösung und grenzen die Bedingungen ab, unter denen man Immunität, d.h. keinen Angriff der Metalle, Korrosion oder Passivität erwarten kann. Jede Kurve stellt eine im Gleichgewicht befindliche Reaktion dar. Eine horizontale Linie entspricht einem Gleichgewichtszustand, in dem Elektronen, aber keine H+- oder OH -Ionen enthalten sind. Eine senkrechte Linie entspricht einem Gleichgewichtszustand, in dem H+- oder OH -Ionen, aber keine Elektronen enthalten sind. Eine geneigte Gerade schließlich entspricht einem Gleichgewichtszustand, in dem sowohl H+- und OH -Ionen als auch Elektronen enthalten sind. Die Diagramme enthalten Bereiche, in denen die Metalle als Ionen in Lösung gehen und Bereiche, in denen die Metalle als kondensierte Phase entweder als reines Metall oder als Metalloxid vorliegen.1 to 5, the electrode potentials are plotted against p H values for the metals, metal oxides and ions mentioned. The diagrams contain the chemical and electrochemical equilibrium curves of the respective metal / solution system and delimit the conditions under which immunity, ie no attack by the metals, corrosion or passivity, can be expected. Each curve represents a reaction in equilibrium. A horizontal line corresponds to an equilibrium state in which electrons are contained, but no H + or OH ions. A vertical line corresponds to an equilibrium state in which H + or OH ions are present, but no electrons. Finally, an inclined straight line corresponds to an equilibrium state in which both H + and OH ions and electrons are contained. The diagrams contain areas in which the metals dissolve as ions and areas in which the metals are present as a condensed phase either as pure metal or as metal oxide.
Für pH - und Potentialbereiche, in denen Metall-Ionen stabil sind, wird sich das Metall solange auflösen, bis die Gleichgewichtskonzentration der Metall-Ionen erreicht ist. Eine derartige Auflösung bedeutet Korrosion. Für Bereiche, in denen gelöste Ionen existieren, ist ebenfalls Korrosion zu erwarten. Für Bereiche, in denen das Metall stabil ist, tritt keine Korrosion ein. Dieser Bereich wird auch Immunitätsbereich genannt. Für Bereiche schließlich, in denen feste Produkte stabil sind, wird ebenfalls der Korrosionsvorgang durch eine schützende Oxidschicht verhindert. Hierbei spricht man von Passivitätsbereich. Ausweislich der p H- Potential-Diagramme erweisen sich die Elemente aus den Komponenten Titan/Niob, Nickel/Chrom sowie Aluminium/Silizium vor allem durch eine Verschiebung des Ruhepotentials zu positiven Werten als geeignete Zusatzelemente für die Steigerung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Die Komponente Germanium/Gallium bildet in wässrigen Lösungen keine löslichen Oxide, sondern in weiten Bereichen Ionen, die anstelle von Kupfer bei bestimmten elektrochemischen Potentialen in Lösung gehen. Solche Legierungsbestandteile können als "Opferelemente" bezeichnet werden. Durch sie ergibt sich im Kupfer ein Zementationseffekt.For pH and potential ranges in which metal ions are stable, the metal will dissolve until the equilibrium concentration of the metal ions is reached. Such dissolution means corrosion. Corrosion is also expected in areas where there are dissolved ions. No corrosion occurs in areas where the metal is stable. This area is also called the immunity area. Finally, for areas where solid products are stable, the corrosion process is also prevented by a protective oxide layer. This is called the passivity area. According to the p H potential diagrams, the elements made of the components titanium / niobium, nickel / chromium and aluminum / silicon prove to be suitable additional elements for increasing the corrosion resistance, especially by shifting the resting potential to positive values. The germanium / gallium component does not form soluble oxides in aqueous solutions, but rather ions in large areas, which instead of copper dissolve at certain electrochemical potentials. Such alloy components can be referred to as "sacrificial elements". This results in a cementation effect in the copper.
Zur Verbesserung der Kupferlegierung gegenüber der Kavitations-Korrosion wird erfindungsgemäß als Legierungsbestandteil die Mischungskomponente Aluminium/Silizium hinzugefügt. Diese können durch einen Zusatz von Arsen/Phosphor in ihrer Wirkung unterstützt werden. Dies ist auch deshalb bedeutsam, weil Arsen und Phosphor den passivierenden Einfluß von Nickel, Titan, Niob und Aluminium unterstützen. Letztere bilden in weiten Bereichen wasserunlösliche Oxide. Die Oxide unterstützen die Bildung einer schützenden Deckschicht. Wie schon erwähnt, dienen Germanium und Gallium dabei als Opferelemente. Sofern die erfindungsgemäße Kupferlegierung bei ihrer Verarbeitung keiner Kaltverformung unterliegt, kann Phosphor als Zusatz verwendet werden. Andernfalls bildet man eine phosphorfreie Kupferlegierung nur mit Arsenzusätzen.To improve the copper alloy compared to cavitation corrosion, the mixture component aluminum / silicon is added according to the invention as an alloy component. These can be supported by adding arsenic / phosphorus. This is also important because arsenic and phosphorus support the passivating influence of nickel, titanium, niobium and aluminum. The latter form water-insoluble oxides in a wide range. The oxides support the formation of a protective cover layer. As already mentioned, germanium and gallium serve as sacrificial elements. If the copper alloy according to the invention is not subject to cold working when processed, phosphorus can be used as an additive. Otherwise, a phosphorus-free copper alloy is only formed with arsenic additives.
Die Legierungsbestandteile werden anteilsmäßig unter Berücksichtigung des chemischen Potentials und der Änderung des Gitterparameters von Kupfer den Kupferlegierungen derart zugesetzt, daß eine Mischkristallbildung erfolgt und eine Mehrphasigkeit in der Kristallkonfiguration bei Abwesenheit eines Elektrolyten nicht zu elektrochemischer Reaktion oder Korrosion durch Lochfraß führt. Fig. 6 zeigt dabei die Gitterkonstanten verschiedener Kupfer-Mischkristalle mit unterschiedlichem Legierungsgehalt des Metalls im Kupfer. Abgesehen von Nickel nimmt die Gitterkonstante bei zunehmender Lösung des Metalls im Kupfer, elementabhängig, mehr oder weniger zu.The alloying constituents are added proportionally to the copper alloys, taking into account the chemical potential and the change in the lattice parameter of copper, in such a way that mixed crystal formation takes place and multiphase in the crystal configuration Absence of an electrolyte does not lead to electrochemical reaction or pitting corrosion. 6 shows the lattice constants of various copper mixed crystals with different alloy contents of the metal in the copper. Apart from nickel, the lattice constant increases more or less as the metal dissolves in copper, depending on the element.
Wird z.B. Titan/Niob mit Kupfer legiert, so ist es bei der Herstellung der Legierung erforderlich, die Wärmebehandlung mit kontrollierter Geschwindigkeit abzukühlen. Die Fig. 7 und 8 zeigen Zustandsdiagramme für verschiedene Kupfer-Mischkristalle, und zwar in Fig. 7 das Zweistoffsystem Kupfer-Niob über den ganzen Mischungsbereich zwischen reinem Niob und reinem Kupfer in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur des Mischkristalls, während Fig. 8 die entsprechenden Verhältnisse für das Zweistoffsystem Kupfer-Titan darstellt.E.g. Titanium / niobium alloyed with copper, it is necessary to cool the heat treatment at a controlled rate when manufacturing the alloy. 7 and 8 show state diagrams for various copper mixed crystals, specifically in FIG. 7 the two-substance system copper-niobium over the entire mixing range between pure niobium and pure copper as a function of the temperature of the mixed crystal, while FIG. 8 shows the corresponding ratios represents for the two-component system copper-titanium.
Die Zugabe von Nickel begünstigt die Erweiterung des Mischkristallbereichs in der erfindungsgemäßen Kupferlegierung. Dadurch können größere Mengen an Legierungselementen hinzugefügt werden. Angestrebt wird eine Legierung mit möglichst hohem Gehalt an Legierungselementen, wobei das Endprodukt einen Kupfermischkristall aus einer möglichst einphasigen Legierung bildet. Eine gute Zusammensetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Kupferlegierung ergibt sich aus den im Anspruch 1 angeführten Komponenten, während eine optimale Korrosionsbeständigkeit, die auch besonders wirtschaftlich herzustellen ist, aus den in Anspruch 2 erwähnten Zusammensetzungen sich ergibt. Die zu jeder Mischungskomponente, wie z.B. Aluminium/Silizium angegebenen Grenzwerte der einzelnen Legierungsbestandteile, die jeweils in Gewichts-Prozenten angegeben sind, bedeuten, daß die Summe der Anteile beider Elemente in diesem Bereich liegt, wobei im Extremfall das eine oder aber das andere Element in dieser Komponente fehlen kann.The addition of nickel favors the expansion of the mixed crystal area in the copper alloy according to the invention. This allows larger amounts of alloying elements to be added. The aim is an alloy with the highest possible content of alloy elements, the end product forming a copper mixed crystal from an alloy that is as single-phase as possible. A good composition of the copper alloy according to the invention results from the components mentioned in
Die Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Kupferlegierung zeigen, daß die Warm- und Kaltverformbarkeit durchaus vergleichbar mit derjenigen von herkömmlichen walzbaren Kupferlegierungen ist. Wie schon erwähnt, ist aber die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung wesentlich verbessert. Zu beachten bleibt lediglich bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kupferlegierung, daß beim Herstellungsvorgang eine langsame Abkühlung nach der Wärmebehandlung des Gemischs herbeigeführt wird, damit keine Ausscheidungen im Mischkristall entstehen, die eine Aushärtung und damit eine Verfestigung im Werkstoff herbeiführen. Dies wirkt sich nämlich oftmals nachteilig auf die weitere Verarbeitung des Werkstoffs aus.The properties of the copper alloy according to the invention show that the hot and cold formability is quite comparable to that of conventional rollable copper alloys. As already mentioned, the corrosion resistance of the alloy according to the invention is significantly improved. It should only be noted in the case of the copper alloy according to the invention that during the manufacturing process, slow cooling is brought about after the heat treatment of the mixture, so that no precipitates occur in the mixed crystal, which cause hardening and thus solidification in the material. This often has an adverse effect on the further processing of the material.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kupferlegierung läßt sich, wie die Praxis überraschend zeigte, mit besonders gutem Erfolg für Installationsrohre in Heizungs- und Sanitäranlagen anwenden. Die Kupferlegierung wird auch erfolgreich bei Industrierohren und anderen Leitungssystemen angewendet, wie z.B. bei Kraftfahrzeugen. Aus der Kupferlegierung lassen sich anstelle von Rohren auch Heißwasserbereitungsgeräte, Behälter, Boiler, Kühler und Wärmetauscher aufbauen. Im Industriebereich ist die Anwendung bei Meerwasser-Entsalzungs-Anlagen denkbar. Es kann schließlich auch die Anwendung dieses Werkstoffs zum Bau von Rohren und Behältnissen verwendet werden, die andere strömende Medien als Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf aufzunehmen haben.As practice has surprisingly shown, the copper alloy according to the invention can be used with particularly good results for installation pipes in heating and sanitary systems. The copper alloy is also successfully used in industrial pipes and other pipe systems such as in motor vehicles. Instead of pipes, the copper alloy can also be used to build hot water preparation devices, containers, boilers, coolers and heat exchangers. In the industrial sector, use in desalination plants is conceivable. Finally, the use of this material can also be used for the construction of pipes and containers which have to absorb flowing media other than water or water vapor.
Claims (3)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß dem Kupfer Legierungsbestandteile in foglenden Gewichts-Prozenten der Gesamt-Mischung zugesetzt sind:
characterized,
that the copper alloy components are added in the following weight percentages of the total mixture:
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Legierung hinsichtlich der Mischungskomponente (c) frei von Phosphor ist und nur Arsen aufweist.3.) copper material according to claim 1 or 2, which is subjected to a cold working in its processing,
characterized,
that the alloy with respect to the mixture component (c) is free of phosphorus and has only arsenic.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT87102491T ATE66496T1 (en) | 1986-02-22 | 1987-02-21 | CORROSION-RESISTANT COPPER MATERIAL FOR PIPES, CONTAINERS OR. DGL. FOR FLOWING MEDIA, PARTICULARLY COLD AND/OR HOT WATER PIPES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3605796 | 1986-02-22 | ||
| DE19863605796 DE3605796A1 (en) | 1985-08-24 | 1986-02-22 | Corrosion-resistant copper material for pipes, receptacles or the like for flowing media, in particular cold and/or hot water pipes |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0238859A2 true EP0238859A2 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| EP0238859A3 EP0238859A3 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
| EP0238859B1 EP0238859B1 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
Family
ID=6294752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87102491A Expired - Lifetime EP0238859B1 (en) | 1986-02-22 | 1987-02-21 | Corrosion-resistant copper alloy for pipings, tanks or the like for flowing liquids, particularly for cold and/or hot water pipes |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0238859B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE66496T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3605796A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2023831B3 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT392176B (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1991-02-11 | Elin Union Ag | ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH WATER COOLED WINDING |
| EP0579904A1 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1994-01-26 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Corrosion resistant copper alloy |
| EP0678586A1 (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1995-10-25 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Copper-manganese-aluminium alloy and its use |
| WO2021136847A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-08 | Lum Gmbh | Method and device for determining features of particles by multiparametric capture of scattered light and extinction signals |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5719447A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1998-02-17 | Intel Corporation | Metal alloy interconnections for integrated circuits |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3259491A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1966-07-05 | Olin Mathieson | Copper base alloys and process for preparing same |
| US3993479A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-11-23 | Olin Corporation | Copper base alloy |
-
1986
- 1986-02-22 DE DE19863605796 patent/DE3605796A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-02-21 AT AT87102491T patent/ATE66496T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-02-21 ES ES87102491T patent/ES2023831B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-21 EP EP87102491A patent/EP0238859B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-02-21 DE DE8787102491T patent/DE3772233D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3259491A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1966-07-05 | Olin Mathieson | Copper base alloys and process for preparing same |
| US3993479A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-11-23 | Olin Corporation | Copper base alloy |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT392176B (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1991-02-11 | Elin Union Ag | ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH WATER COOLED WINDING |
| EP0579904A1 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1994-01-26 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Corrosion resistant copper alloy |
| EP0678586A1 (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1995-10-25 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Copper-manganese-aluminium alloy and its use |
| WO2021136847A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-08 | Lum Gmbh | Method and device for determining features of particles by multiparametric capture of scattered light and extinction signals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0238859B1 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
| DE3605796A1 (en) | 1987-03-26 |
| DE3772233D1 (en) | 1991-09-26 |
| ATE66496T1 (en) | 1991-09-15 |
| ES2023831B3 (en) | 1992-02-16 |
| EP0238859A3 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
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