EP0238476B1 - Nubuk or velvety leather support, and process for its preparation - Google Patents
Nubuk or velvety leather support, and process for its preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0238476B1 EP0238476B1 EP19870890047 EP87890047A EP0238476B1 EP 0238476 B1 EP0238476 B1 EP 0238476B1 EP 19870890047 EP19870890047 EP 19870890047 EP 87890047 A EP87890047 A EP 87890047A EP 0238476 B1 EP0238476 B1 EP 0238476B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate according
- fleece
- textile support
- impregnated
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using flocked webs or pile fabrics upon which a resin is applied; Teasing, raising web before resin application
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23921—With particles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/2395—Nap type surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/666—Mechanically interengaged by needling or impingement of fluid [e.g., gas or liquid stream, etc.]
- Y10T442/667—Needled
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a nubuck or suede-like substrate, with a textile carrier body with a rough surface on at least one side, which is at least partially impregnated with a polymeric plastic material consisting of a foam which has open cells formed by the introduction of air.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing such a substrate.
- Non-impregnated nonwovens have excellent puncture and tear resistance properties. However, their main disadvantage is that their surface is unstable and changes very much, especially when stretched. Another disadvantage of these nonwovens lies in the fact that they have a considerably changing thickness. If such nonwovens are used as a carrier material for a plastic coating, it is necessary to compensate for the fluctuations in thickness and to eliminate the unrest on the surface of the nonwoven by providing thick, heavy and therefore expensive plastic coatings. Although it has already been proposed to use foamed PVC or foamed PUR as the coating material, which reduces the weight, such foamed coatings have poor abrasion properties and tend to split.
- a carrier material formed from a nonwoven made of textile fibers is impregnated with a polymer plastic material which is arranged in the carrier material in different distributions, the substrate thus formed being compressed after the plastic material has solidified.
- the substrate becomes hard and stiff, so it has no leather-like properties and therefore cannot be used as a substitute for leather.
- the tear strength and puncture resistance of the substrate is very poor.
- a method for the production of porous textile fabrics with leather-like grain has also been proposed, according to which a base fabric made of shrinkable fibers is impregnated on one or both sides with a flowable, heat-reactive polymer, which has been made foam-like, for example, by incorporating air, whereupon the impregnated fabric is dried by the application of heat and is allowed to shrink by treatment with water or steam (DE-A-21 64 852).
- a base fabric made of shrinkable fibers is impregnated on one or both sides with a flowable, heat-reactive polymer, which has been made foam-like, for example, by incorporating air, whereupon the impregnated fabric is dried by the application of heat and is allowed to shrink by treatment with water or steam (DE-A-21 64 852).
- the prerequisite for this is the use of a fabric made of natural
- the term “impregnation” is understood not only to mean immersing the textile material in a bath, but also any other way of applying a liquid to the textile material.
- the object of the invention is to create a nubuck or suede-like substrate and a method for its production, which substrate is a flat, calm, fine-fiber Surface and has a low basis weight, does not stretch when stretching, i.e. does not become restless, and has good air and water vapor permeability and good tear resistance and puncture resistance.
- the substrate according to the invention should have a good moisture absorption capacity and enable rapid moisture exchange, ie when moisture occurs, for example high air humidity, sweat or the like. absorb this moisture quickly, similar to natural leather, but also release it back into the dry environment in the desired way.
- a substrate is to be created which has good abrasion properties and approximately the same elongation properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a constant bending stiffness in a wide temperature range.
- the substrate according to the invention should be able to be deformed well and permanently, which is important when using the substrate both in shoe manufacture and as a covering material for cushions and for the interior lining of vehicles.
- the foam with which the carrier body consisting of a nonwoven is partially impregnated and which has open cells, fills the cavities between the fibers almost completely and evenly. This avoids an accumulation of plastic material at the crossing points of the fibers of the nonwoven, so that the substrate according to the invention has a low bending strength and has excellent tear propagation resistance properties and puncture tear resistance properties. This advantage is also achieved through the use of a fleece which, in contrast to a woven or knitted fabric, consists of non-oriented fibers.
- the good tensile strength properties are ensured above all by the fact that not the entire carrier body, but rather only a region between 20 and 60% of its total thickness, is impregnated with the polymer plastic foam, since complete impregnation significantly reduces the tensile strength properties.
- the good permeability to air and water vapor results from the fact that the substrate according to the invention has a large number of open cells and therefore an at least predominantly open-cell fine-pored structure.
- the cell structure makes it possible furthermore, that a suede-like effect arises after the impregnated surface is sanded, since the fibers partially protrude from this surface.
- the outstanding fibers also create very favorable conditions for inseparable connection with an additional thin coating, because the liquid coating material can anchor itself in the fine, rough surface without, however, sinking into it.
- the carrier body consists of a fleece and is therefore stretchable without the surface of the substrate changing in a disruptive manner
- the substrate according to the invention is particularly suitable as a leather substitute, but particularly well as a material for the interior of vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, because it can be easily deformed due to its elasticity.
- a particularly high permeability to air and water vapor results when the foamed polymeric plastic material has open cells formed solely by introducing air. This is useful, for example, if the substrate or the like in the manufacture of shoes, protectors or the like, but also for the interior of vehicles, rooms or the like. and is used as a covering material for upholstery.
- the polymeric plastic material has, in addition to the open cells formed by introducing air, hollow cells formed by hollow microspheres. It is advantageous here if at least some of the hollow microspheres located on the impregnated surface of the carrier body are open, since this improves the velor effect.
- the textile carrier body is at least partially made of plastic fibers, for example polyester fibers or Polyamide fibers. This is particularly advantageous if the substrate according to the invention is heated and deformed by means of high frequency.
- a particularly attractive surface is also obtained when the fibers are thinner than 3.5 dtex, preferably thinner than 2 dtex.
- the carrier body can consist of several interconnected webs.
- the textile carrier body can be formed from a natural fiber fleece and a synthetic fiber fleece, preferably of approximately the same weight, needled together with the natural fiber fleece. Due to their wicking properties, the natural fibers ensure good water absorption, the synthetic fibers ensure high resistance to tearing and tearing.
- the impregnated area of the carrier body can also consist of a nonwoven fabric, which is needled together with a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven fabric that has been consolidated by embossing, the fibers of the former nonwoven partially projecting through the knitted fabric or the thin, consolidated nonwoven fabric.
- the carrier body consists of two nonwovens, between which a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven fabric, which is consolidated by embossing, is arranged, the knitted fabric or the thin, consolidated nonwoven fabric being connected to the outer nonwovens by needling.
- the knitted fabric expediently consists of a roughened jersey, that is to say of a jersey in which the loops are cut open on the surface.
- the textile carrier body consists in its impregnated area of a fleece which is needled together with a plastic film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or soft PVC, the fibers of the fleece projecting through the plastic film.
- a plastic film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or soft PVC, the fibers of the fleece projecting through the plastic film.
- the textile carrier body preferably with a proportion between 5 and 35%, can contain high-strength fibers, in particular based on polyamide.
- high-strength fibers are sold in the German Federal Republic under the trademarks KEVLAR and NOMEX. This makes the tensile strength of the substrate essential elevated.
- a thin, light fleece with a basis weight of approximately 150 g / m 2 can be used as the carrier body, so that this substrate is particularly suitable, for example, for shoe upper material. So far, it has been necessary to provide such a thin, open-structure fleece with a thick and thus heavy coating.
- the arrangement of the foam in the fleece and the grinding of the surface create a tearable suede-like or textile velor-like substrate even when using thin fleece made of high-strength fibers, which retains its smooth surface even when stretched and which is also ideal for applying thin coatings.
- a beautiful, even velor effect is obtained when the majority of the cells in the polymer plastic material are smaller than 125 ⁇ .
- the polymeric plastic material is preferably, at least partially, crosslinked, with a crosslinking agent being added which does not start heating crosslinking.
- a polymer dispersion based on butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polyisobutylene and / or polychloroprene, or containing these polymers, is particularly suitable as the polymer plastic material. This makes it easy to produce the open-celled whipped foam.
- the polymeric plastic material according to the invention can contain powdery hygroscopic additives, for example leather powder or cellulose powder, which absorb and transmit the moisture.
- powdery hygroscopic additives for example leather powder or cellulose powder, which absorb and transmit the moisture.
- leather powder or cellulose powder For low bending stiffness and good tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance, it is essential if there is no plastic enrichment at the crossing points of the fibers in order to avoid a strong bond between the carrier body and the plastic material. This is the case when using the foam material according to the invention.
- a reduction in this bond and thereby an improved extensibility of the substrate in all directions can, however, still be achieved in that, according to the invention, the textile carrier body is provided with a non-stick finish made of a layer at least partially enveloping the fibers forming the carrier body.
- This layer can consist, for example, of silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials, or of mixtures thereof, that is to say of substances which are above all water-repellent and therefore prevent the dispersion from adhering to the fibers.
- the layer can also consist of a substance that is soluble in a liquid, in particular water or alcohol, for example gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass, or mixtures thereof.
- This layer initially surrounds the fibers and prevents the plastic material from adhering to them, in particular also at the crossing points, but can be at least partially removed again during or after the plastic material has solidified by the liquid (water, alcohol or the like), so that then the fibers in the plastic foam are, as it were, freely movable, thereby not only improving the softness and flexibility of the substrate produced in this way, but also forming capillary cavities in this substrate, which increase the moisture permeability in the desired manner.
- the aqueous plastic dispersion itself will absorb this layer.
- the substrate according to the invention expediently has a density of less than 0.45 g / cm 3.
- the substrate is provided with a print and a preferably transparent finish on at least one surface, as a result of which a desired, for example leather or textile, appearance is achieved.
- the substrate according to the invention can be used without a coating, for example as an absorbent, breathable shoe lining material or insole material or as velor material for vehicles.
- a coating for example as an absorbent, breathable shoe lining material or insole material or as velor material for vehicles.
- the fine roughness of this ground surface is an ideal prerequisite even for very thin coatings because the liquid coating material can anchor itself in the rough surface and the fiber ends protruding from this rough surface anchor in the coating material.
- the coating can have a thickness of less than 0.35 mm.
- the coating can be applied to the impregnated and ground surface of the carrier body.
- the velor effect on the soaked and polished surface is then retained, whereas the other surface can be given a leather-like appearance, for example by embossing the coating.
- a foam being formed from an aqueous plastic dispersion by stirring or blowing in air this foam is introduced into a textile carrier body in such a way that it penetrates this textile carrier body at least in the area of its surface, and then the textile carrier body is dried by dehydration
- the procedure according to the invention is such that a carrier body consisting of a nonwoven is used so that the foam is introduced into the textile carrier body by the action of excess pressure such that, starting from a surface of the textile carrier body, only an area between 20% and 60% of the total thickness of the textile carrier body is soaked, and that the surface mentioned is then ground so that the fibers of the nonwoven partially protrude from the soaked surface.
- the blow foam is introduced by overpressure, for example by applying compressed air or compressed gas and / or by mechanically pressing the blow foam into the carrier body.
- the introduction of the whipped foam by the action of excess pressure ensures that the foam structure is not destroyed during this introduction into the carrier body, but is maintained to the desired extent in the area of the carrier body to be impregnated.
- the subsequent drying by the application of heat preferably one Temperature above 100 ° C, due to the expansion of the air in the blow foam, a large number of cell walls in the drying blow foam burst, which results in the desired air and water vapor permeability to a large extent.
- whipped foam also has the advantage that the volume of the whipped foam approximately doubles compared to the volume of the undefeated dispersion, without the water: solid ratio changing, so that a smaller amount of water for impregnating the desired area of the textile carrier body is necessary, so a smaller amount of water must be removed again when drying. This saves on material and energy.
- the hollow aqueous plastic dispersion made into foam by introducing air can be admixed with hollow microspheres made of a thermoplastic material, preferably made of polyvinylidene chloride, or compact particles containing a blowing agent made of a thermoplastic material, preferably made of polyvinylidene chloride, from which compact particles hollow microspheres are formed in situ by the application of heat. If the hollow microspheres are formed from the compact particles during the drying of the impregnated carrier body, the whipped foam is also expanded, which likewise causes the cell walls to burst.
- the hollow microspheres that form during drying also lead to a spontaneous increase in the viscosity of the still liquid whipped foam and thus not only prevent the drying whipped foam from contracting at the points of intersection of the fibers and a reduction in volume of the whipped foam due to the loss of liquid during drying, but rather the whipped foam experiences through it forming hollow microspheres an increase in volume.
- the aqueous plastic dispersion uses heat-sensitive measures, for example by means of a substance such as polyvinyl methyl ether, or is adjusted to a pH value which deviates from the pH of the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body, that is to say acidic or alkaline is opposite to the textile carrier body. In any case, this causes the plastic dispersion to coagulate, thereby accelerating the solidification thereof and causing additional foam formation.
- the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body are coated with a coating of water-deviating material, for example silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials or mixtures, before introducing the aqueous plastic dispersion therein from this, is or will be provided.
- This water-repellent material repels the aqueous plastic dispersion so that there is no bond between the plastic foam and the textile carrier material.
- Another particularly advantageous way of preventing such a bond is to coat the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body with a coating of a liquid, e.g. Water or alcohol to provide detachable substance and after solidification of the whipped foam to remove this substance at least partially by the action of the liquid mentioned.
- a liquid e.g. Water or alcohol
- the textile carrier body is impregnated with a solution, emulsion or dispersion of gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass or similar materials, or mixtures thereof, the solid in this solution, emulsion or dispersion is deposited on the fibers , preferably at the crossing points of the fibers, and at least partially covers the fibers with a film.
- this film is at least partially washed out again after the solidification of the whipped foam by the action of water or alcohol, gaps are hereby created between the fibers and the solidified whipped foam, so the fibers can move freely in the solidified whipped foam in the desired manner.
- the cavities thus created improve the water vapor and air permeability of the substrate.
- the impregnated support body is subjected to a chemical treatment, for example by means of hot water, or, preferably with simultaneous application of heat, to a mechanical treatment, for example by stretching, stretching and / or tumbling, after it has dried is, which also loosens the bond between the fibers of the textile carrier body and the solidified plastic foam, in particular at the intersection of the fibers.
- a chemical treatment for example by means of hot water, or, preferably with simultaneous application of heat, to a mechanical treatment, for example by stretching, stretching and / or tumbling, after it has dried is, which also loosens the bond between the fibers of the textile carrier body and the solidified plastic foam, in particular at the intersection of the fibers.
- hollow microspheres are formed in situ during the drying of the plastic foam, as already mentioned, during the drying process there is an increase in volume and thus an increase in the thickness of the impregnated textile carrier body.
- This increase in thickness is now expediently removed by the grinding treatment, which not only ensures the desired thickness of the substrate in each coat, regardless of the amount of foamed foam applied, but also a completely constant thickness of the substrate, even if the substrate material is in front of the Watering was of different thickness.
- the impregnated support body can be embossed at least on one surface under the action of pressure and heat. Furthermore, the impregnated support body can be printed, preferably with a printing ink which contains methyl polymethacrylate or polyurethane as a binder. If the substrate according to the invention is to be connected to PVC film applications, as is advantageous, for example, when using the substrate for the interior of vehicles, then in such a case the printing ink also acts as an HF welding agent for welding on these PVC film applications.
- a textile carrier material Particularly suitable as a textile carrier material are binder-free carded or random fiber nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, which nonwovens can also be reinforced by a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven reinforced by thermal embossing. Strongly roughened knitted fabrics with a basis weight of more than 160 g / m2 are also suitable.
- a foamed whipped or foamed aqueous plastic dispersion with a liter weight between 300 and 700 g, preferably 500 g, is coated into a fine-fiber needle or random fiber fleece with a basis weight of more than 180 g / m 2 by coating by means of overpressure brought in.
- the dispersion in the fleece is then solidified or dried by water evaporation. This consolidation or drying takes place, for example, in that the impregnated surface of the nonwoven is brought into direct contact with a hot support, for example a hot roller or plate, so that the heat is emitted directly to the wet dispersion layer.
- the impregnated surface of the fleece is sanded with emery paper, the open surface of the fleece present before the impregnation of the fleece and the strong fluctuations in thickness of the fleece being eliminated.
- the surface of the fleece now has a nubuck or suede-like appearance with fine, sanded fibers and can be provided with a thin coating.
- the fleece thus impregnated is then at a temperature of approx. 135 ° C dried.
- the thermoplastic hollow microspheres are formed from the compact particles in the whipped foam. Drying is complete after approx. 3 minutes.
- the fleece in which the hollow microspheres have formed is now approximately 2.2 mm thick.
- the fleece is then sanded on the treated side with a 220 grit emery paper, until the fleece has returned to its original thickness of 2 mm.
- the open surface of the fleece present before the impregnation of the fleece with the whipped foam and the large fluctuations in thickness of the fleece are eliminated after grinding.
- the surface of the fleece shows a nubuck or suede-like surface with fine, sanded fibers. This surface is so flat that a thin PUR coating with a thickness of 0.18 mm applied in a known manner, even when stretching, shows no fleece structure.
- the substrate according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a carrier body 1, which is formed from a fleece and consists of fibers 2.
- An impregnation consisting of a foam 3 is provided in the area 6 of the substrate adjacent to the surface 5.
- the impregnation can only have open cells, which are formed by stirring in air, but hollow cells forming closed cells can also be embedded in the open-cell foam, as shown at 4.
- the impregnated surface 5 is ground and the fibers 2 protrude from this surface 5 or protrude from this surface, so that this surface has a nubuck or suede-like appearance.
- the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a thin coating 7 with a grain leather-like appearance is inseparably connected to the surface 5, with the fine fibers projecting from the surface 5 into it Coating protrude and are therefore anchored in this coating 7, or also protrude from this coating or protrude from this coating.
- the coating 7 can also be applied to the non-impregnated surface of the carrier body 1, the fibers 2 of the fleece 1 also being anchored in the coating.
- this surface provided with the coating preferably has a grain leather-like appearance, whereas the other, impregnated and polished surface 5 is velor-like.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that with the fleece 1 a knitted fabric or a thin fleece 8 consolidated by thermal embossing with a thickness of less than 0.8 mm and a weight per unit area of less than 135 g / mm2 is needled together in such a way that the fibers 2 of the nonwoven 1 penetrate the knitted fabric or consolidated nonwoven 8 and thus protrude from the top of this knitted fabric or consolidated nonwoven 8.
- the coating 7 can be arranged both on the impregnated surface 5 of the fleece 1 and on the knitted fabric or solidified fleece 8, the protruding fibers 2 also being anchored in the coating in the latter case.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 in that the carrier body consists of two nonwovens 1 ', 1 ", between which a knitted fabric or a thin, embossed nonwoven 8 is arranged, which with the two Fleece 1 ', 1 "is needled together.
- the fleece 1 or 1 'or 1 is preferably a carded fleece made of synthetic fibers.
- the knitted fabric 8 can consist, for example, of a roughened tricot, that is to say a tricot whose loops are open.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein nubuk- bzw. velourlederartiges Substrat, mit einem textilen Trägerkörper mit wenigstens einseitig rauher Oberfläche, der mit einem polymeren Kunststoffmaterial zumindest teilweise getränkt ist, das aus einem Schaum besteht, welcher durch Einbringung von Luft gebildete offene Zellen aufweist. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Substrates.The invention relates to a nubuck or suede-like substrate, with a textile carrier body with a rough surface on at least one side, which is at least partially impregnated with a polymeric plastic material consisting of a foam which has open cells formed by the introduction of air. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a substrate.
Nicht imprägnierte Vliese verfügen über hervorragende Stich- und Weiterreißfestigkeitseigenschaften. Ihr Hauptnachteil besteht jedoch darin, daß ihre Oberfläche unruhig ist und sich, insbesondere beim Dehnen, sehr stark verändert. Ein weiterer Nachteil dieser Vliese ist darin gelegen, daß sie eine sich in erheblichem Maße ändernde Dicke besitzen. Werden solche Vliese als Trägermaterial für eine Kunststoffbeschichtung verwendet, so ist es zum Ausgleich der Dickeschwankungen und zum Eliminieren der Unruhe der Oberfläche des Vlieses erforderlich, entsprechend dicke, schwere und somit teure Kunststoffbeschichtungen vorzusehen. Man hat zwar bereits vorgeschlagen, als Beschichtungsmaterial geschäumtes PVC oder geschäumtes PUR zu verwenden, wodurch sich das Gewicht reduziert, derartige geschäumte Beschichtungen verfügen jedoch über schlechte Abriebseigenschaften und neigen zum Spalten.Non-impregnated nonwovens have excellent puncture and tear resistance properties. However, their main disadvantage is that their surface is unstable and changes very much, especially when stretched. Another disadvantage of these nonwovens lies in the fact that they have a considerably changing thickness. If such nonwovens are used as a carrier material for a plastic coating, it is necessary to compensate for the fluctuations in thickness and to eliminate the unrest on the surface of the nonwoven by providing thick, heavy and therefore expensive plastic coatings. Although it has already been proposed to use foamed PVC or foamed PUR as the coating material, which reduces the weight, such foamed coatings have poor abrasion properties and tend to split.
Es ist auch bekannt, die Beschichtung aus einer wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion herzustellen, die Mikrohohlkugeln bzw. Kompaktteilchen enthält, aus welchen durch Wärmezufuhr beim Verfestigen der Kunststoffdispersion Mikrohohlkugeln entstehen. Diese Mikrohohlkugeln bilden geschlossene Zellen, so daß diese Beschichtung eine geschlossenzellige Schaumstruktur enthält. Auch mit einer solchen Beschichtung lassen sich die erwähnten Nachteile nur teilweise beseitigen, da auch diese Beschichtung eine entsprechende Dicke aufweisen muß. Die geschlossenzellige Schaumstruktur ist außerdem nicht wasserdampfdurchlässig.It is also known to produce the coating from an aqueous plastic dispersion which contains hollow microspheres or compact particles from which hollow microspheres are formed by the application of heat when the plastic dispersion solidifies. These hollow microspheres form closed cells, so that this coating contains a closed-cell foam structure. Even with such a coating, the disadvantages mentioned can only be partially eliminated, since this coating must also have an appropriate thickness. The closed-cell foam structure is also not permeable to water vapor.
Es ist weiters bekannt, ein Vlies durch Einbringen eines Kunststoffmaterials zu einem Substrat auszubilden. So wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, eine aus mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmitteln und Polyurethan gebildete Polymerlösung in ein Vlies einzubringen und koagulieren zu lassen, wobei die flüssige Polymerlösung gerinnt und sich hiebei verfestigt. Anschliessend wird das Lösungsmittel durch Wasser ausgewaschen, wodurch sich offenzellige Poren bilden. Eine solche Vorgangsweise ist umständlich. Ausserdem sind die verwendeten Lösungsmittel toxisch und umweltfeindlich. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß bei dieser Vorgangsweise nur thermoplastische Kunststoffe eingesetzt werden können, die aber beim Schleifen Probleme bereiten, weil sie zum Schmieren neigen.It is also known to form a fleece by introducing a plastic material into a substrate. For example, it has already been suggested that a polymer solution formed from water-miscible solvents and polyurethane be introduced into a nonwoven and allowed to coagulate, the liquid polymer solution coagulating and solidifying in the process. The solvent is then washed out with water, which forms open-cell pores. Such an approach is cumbersome. Also the solvents used are toxic and environmentally harmful. Another disadvantage is that only thermoplastic materials can be used in this procedure, but they cause problems during grinding because they tend to smear.
Nach einem anderen bekannten Vorschlag wird ein aus einem Vlies aus textilen Fasern gebildetes Trägermaterial mit einem polymeren Kunststoffmaterial getränkt, welches im Trägermaterial in unterschiedlicher Verteilung angeordnet ist, wobei nach dem Verfestigen des Kunststoffmateriales das so gebildete Substrat zusammengepreßt wird. Das Substrat wird hiebei hart und steif, weist also keine lederähnlichen Eigenschaften auf und kann daher nicht als Lederersatz Verwendung finden. Außerdem ist die Weiterreißfestigkeit und Stichausreißfestigkeit des Substrates, bezogen auf seine Stärke und sein Gewicht, sehr schlecht.According to another known proposal, a carrier material formed from a nonwoven made of textile fibers is impregnated with a polymer plastic material which is arranged in the carrier material in different distributions, the substrate thus formed being compressed after the plastic material has solidified. The substrate becomes hard and stiff, so it has no leather-like properties and therefore cannot be used as a substitute for leather. In addition, the tear strength and puncture resistance of the substrate, based on its strength and weight, is very poor.
Es wurde auch bereits ein Verfahren zur Herstellung poröser textiler Flächengebilde mit lederartiger Narbung vorgeschlagen, nach welchem ein Grundgewebe aus schrumpffähigen Fasern mit einem fließfähigen, wärmereaktiven Polymeren, das beispielsweise durch Einarbeiten von Luft schaumartig gemacht wurde, auf einer oder auf beiden Seiten imprägniert wird, worauf das imprägnierte Gewebe durch Wärmezufuhr trocknen und durch Behandeln mit Wasser oder Wasserdampf schrumpfen gelassen wird (DE-A-21 64 852). Hiebei entsteht ein saugfähiges Flächengebilde mit lederartiger Narbung, das als Geschirrspültuch, Scheuertuch, Aufwischtuch od.dgl. Verwendung finden kann. Voraussetzung hiefür ist die Verwendung eines Gewebes aus Naturfasern, die beim Waschen schrumpfen, wodurch sich eine lederartige Narbung, jedoch kein Veloureffekt, ergibt. Wird dieses bekannte Flächengebilde gestreckt oder gedehnt, so entsteht, durch die Verwendung des Gewebes bedingt, gleichfalls eine unruhige, unebene Sichtfläche. Die Verwendung des Gewebes erschwert weiters die Herstellung exakter Schnittkanten, da das Gewebe zum Ausfransen neigt.A method for the production of porous textile fabrics with leather-like grain has also been proposed, according to which a base fabric made of shrinkable fibers is impregnated on one or both sides with a flowable, heat-reactive polymer, which has been made foam-like, for example, by incorporating air, whereupon the impregnated fabric is dried by the application of heat and is allowed to shrink by treatment with water or steam (DE-A-21 64 852). This creates an absorbent fabric with a leather-like grain that can be used as a dishwashing cloth, scrubbing cloth, wiping cloth or the like. Can be used. The prerequisite for this is the use of a fabric made of natural fibers that shrink during washing, which results in a leather-like grain, but no velor effect. If this known flat structure is stretched or stretched, an uneven, uneven visible surface also arises due to the use of the fabric. The use of the fabric also makes it difficult to produce exact cut edges, since the fabric tends to fray.
Es ist auch bekannt, einen aus einem Gewebe, Gewirke oder Vlies gebildeten Trägerkörper mit einem Kunststoffmaterial mit elastomeren oder elastomerähnlichen Eigenschaften zu imprägnieren, in welchem Kunststoffmaterial Mikrohohlkugeln eingebettet sind, wobei die Oberflächen des so hergestellten Substrates durch Schleifen od.dgl. bearbeitet sind und daher teilweise geöffnete Mikrohohlkugeln aufweisen (DE-C2-31 17 721). Dadurch entsteht zwar an der Oberfläche ein Veloureffekt und das Substrat weist durch die eingebetteten Mikrohohlkugeln eine geringe Dichte und eine ebene Oberfläche auf. Das so gebildete Substrat ist jedoch nicht oder kaum wasserdampfdurchlässig und auch relativ steif. Die Weiterreißfestigkeit, Stichausreißfestigkeit und feuchtigkeitsaufnahme sind gleichfalls unbefriedigend und das Aufbringen einer Beschichtung ist nicht möglich.It is also known to impregnate a carrier body formed from a woven, knitted or non-woven fabric with a plastic material having elastomeric or elastomer-like properties, in which plastic material hollow microspheres are embedded, the surfaces of the substrate thus produced or the like being ground. are processed and therefore have partially opened hollow microspheres (DE-C2-31 17 721). This creates a velor effect on the surface and the substrate has a low density and a flat surface due to the embedded hollow microspheres. However, the substrate thus formed is not or hardly permeable to water vapor and also relatively stiff. The tear resistance, puncture resistance and moisture absorption are also unsatisfactory and the application of a coating is not possible.
Aus der US-A 4045598 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zurichtung auf einem gewebten oder gestrickten Textilmaterial bekanntgeworden, nach welchem ein Kunststoffmaterial, das aus einem Schaum, beispielsweise einem Latexschaum besteht, auf das Textilmaterial aufgebracht und durch Anlegen eines Vakuums in das Textilmaterial eingesaugt und anschließend getrocknet wird. Das Kunststoffmaterial tritt hiebei nicht mit konstanter Dicke in das Textilmaterial ein, die Imprägnierung wird somit ungleichmäßig, was sich auf die Eigenschaften des zugerichteten Textilmateriales nachteilig auswirkt. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses bekannten Verfahrens ist jedoch, daß bei Anlegen eines Vakuums die Luft aus dem schaumartigen Kunststoffmaterial herausgesaugt wird, so daß dieses kollabiert und die Vorteile, die sich durch die Verwendung eines solchen schaumartigen Kunststoffmateriales ergeben, zunichte gemacht werden.From US-A 4045598 a method for producing a dressing on a woven or knitted textile material has become known, according to which a plastic material consisting of a foam, for example a latex foam, is applied to the textile material and sucked into the textile material by applying a vacuum and is then dried. The plastic material does not enter the textile material with a constant thickness, the impregnation thus becomes uneven, which has an adverse effect on the properties of the finished textile material. A major disadvantage of this known method, however, is that when a vacuum is applied, the air is sucked out of the foam-like plastic material, so that it collapses and the advantages which result from the use of such a foam-like plastic material are nullified.
Allgemein ist es schwierig, die Menge des in ein Vlies, welches anschließend geschliffen wird, um einen Nubuk- oder Veloureffekt zu bekommen, einzubringenden Kunststoffes, welche im wesentlichen vom Feststoffanteil einer Lösung bzw. Dispersion abhängt, richtig zu bestimmen. Ein hoher Feststoffanteil der Lösung oder Dispersion führt zu einem harten, steifen, wenig porösen und daher kaum saugfähigen Produkt mit schlechter Weiterreißfestigkeit und Stichausreißfestigkeit, ein niedriger Feststoffanteil hingegen bewirkt, daß der Kunststoff sich hauptsächlich an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern ansammelt, was zur Folge hat, daß die Weiterreißfestigkeit und Stichausreißfestigkeit gleichfalls schlecht ist und das Material beim Abbiegen unrund wird und sich nur schlecht schleifen läßt. Auch die geringe Abriebfestigkeit des Materiales und der hohe Energieaufwand zum Verdampfen des Wassers oder des Lösungsmittels sind nachteilig.In general, it is difficult to correctly determine the amount of plastic to be introduced into a fleece, which is then sanded to obtain a nubuck or velor effect, which essentially depends on the solids content of a solution or dispersion. A high solids content of the solution or dispersion leads to a hard, stiff, less porous and therefore hardly absorbent product with poor tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance, whereas a low solids content causes the plastic to accumulate mainly at the crossing points of the fibers, which has the consequence that that the tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance are also poor and the material becomes out of round when it is bent and is difficult to grind. The low abrasion resistance of the material and the high energy expenditure for evaporating the water or the solvent are also disadvantageous.
Unter dem Begriff "Imprgägnieren" wird im vorliegenden Fall nicht nur das Eintauchen des Textilmateriales in ein Bad, sondern auch jede andere Art des Aufbringens einer Flüssigkeit auf das Textilmaterial verstanden.In the present case, the term “impregnation” is understood not only to mean immersing the textile material in a bath, but also any other way of applying a liquid to the textile material.
Ausgehend von dem zuletzt beschriebenen Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein nubuk- bzw. velourlederartiges Substrat sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung zu schaffen, welches Substrat eine ebene, ruhige, feinfaserige Oberfläche und ein geringes Flächengewicht aufweist, sich beim Dehnen nicht aufzieht, also nicht unruhig wird, sowie eine gute Luft- und Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit und eine gute Weiterreißfestigkeit und Stichausreißfestigkeit besitzt. Ferner soll das erfindungsgemäße Substrat ein gutes Feuchtigkeitsaufnahmevermögen aufweisen und einen raschen Feuchtigkeitsaustausch ermöglichen, d.h. bei Auftreten von Feuchtigkeit, beispielsweise hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit, Schweiß od.dgl. diese Feuchtigkeit ähnlich wie Naturleder rasch absorbieren, jedoch auch wieder in gewünschter Weise an die trockene Umgebung abgeben. Schließlich soll ein Substrat geschaffen werden, welches gute Abriebeigenschaften und etwa gleiche Dehnungseigenschaften in Längs- und Querrichtung und eine gleichbleibende Biegesteifigkeit in einem weiten Temperaturbereich aufweist. Darüberhinaus soll sich das erfindungsgemäße Substrat gut und dauerhaft verformen lassen, was bei der Verwendung des Substrates sowohl bei der Schuhherstellung als auch als Bezugsmaterial von Polstern sowie für die Innenverkleidung von Fahrzeugen von Wichtigkeit ist.On the basis of the prior art described last, the object of the invention is to create a nubuck or suede-like substrate and a method for its production, which substrate is a flat, calm, fine-fiber Surface and has a low basis weight, does not stretch when stretching, i.e. does not become restless, and has good air and water vapor permeability and good tear resistance and puncture resistance. Furthermore, the substrate according to the invention should have a good moisture absorption capacity and enable rapid moisture exchange, ie when moisture occurs, for example high air humidity, sweat or the like. absorb this moisture quickly, similar to natural leather, but also release it back into the dry environment in the desired way. Finally, a substrate is to be created which has good abrasion properties and approximately the same elongation properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a constant bending stiffness in a wide temperature range. In addition, the substrate according to the invention should be able to be deformed well and permanently, which is important when using the substrate both in shoe manufacture and as a covering material for cushions and for the interior lining of vehicles.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem eingangs genannten Substrat mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst, während bei dem zu seiner Herstellung dienenden Verfahren die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 28, die Aufgabenlösung darstellen.This object is achieved in the substrate mentioned at the outset with the features of the characterizing part of
Der Schaum, mit dem der aus einem Vlies bestehende Trägerkörper teilweise getränkt ist und der offene Zellen aufweist, füllt die Hohlräume zwischen den Fasern nahezu vollständig und gleichmäßig aus. Dadurch wird eine Anreicherung von Kunststoffmaterial an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern des Vlieses vermieden, so daß das erfindungsgemäße Substrat eine geringe Biegefestigkeit aufweist und über hervorragende Weiterreißfestigkeitseigenschaften und Stichausreißfestigkeitseigenschaften verfügt. Dieser Vorteil wird auch durch die Verwendung eines Vlieses erzielt, welches, im Gegensatz zu einem Gewebe oder einem Gewirke, aus nicht orientierten Fasern besteht.The foam, with which the carrier body consisting of a nonwoven is partially impregnated and which has open cells, fills the cavities between the fibers almost completely and evenly. This avoids an accumulation of plastic material at the crossing points of the fibers of the nonwoven, so that the substrate according to the invention has a low bending strength and has excellent tear propagation resistance properties and puncture tear resistance properties. This advantage is also achieved through the use of a fleece which, in contrast to a woven or knitted fabric, consists of non-oriented fibers.
Die guten Reißfestigkeitseigenschaften werden vor allem auch dadurch gewährleistet, daß nicht der gesamte Trägerkörper, sondern lediglich ein Bereich zwischen 20 und 60 % seiner Gesamtdicke, mit dem polymeren Kunststoffschaum getränkt ist, da eine vollständige Tränkung die Reißfestigkeitseigenschaften wesentlich verringert. Die gute Luft- und Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit ergibt sich dadurch, daß das erfindungsgemäße Substrat eine große Anzahl offener Zellen und daher eine zumindest überwiegend offenzellige feinporige Struktur aufweist. Die Zellstruktur ermöglicht es weiters, daß nach dem Schleifvorgang der getränkten Oberfläche ein velourlederartiger Effekt entsteht, da die Fasern teilweise aus dieser Oberfläche herausragen. Die herausragenden Fasern bilden auch sehr günstige Voraussetzungen zum untrennbaren Verbinden mit einer zusätzlichen dünnen Beschichtung, weil sich das flüssige Beschichtungsmaterial in der feinen rauhen Oberfläche verankern kann, ohne jedoch in ihr zu versacken. Da der Trägerkörper aus einem Vlies besteht und somit dehnbar ist, ohne daß sich dabei die Oberfläche des Substrates in störender Weise verändert, eignet sich das erfindungsgemäße Substrat insbesondere als Lederersatz, besonders gut jedoch auch als Material für die Innenausstattung von Fahrzeugen, insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugen, da es infolge der Dehnbarkeit gut verformt werden kann.The good tensile strength properties are ensured above all by the fact that not the entire carrier body, but rather only a region between 20 and 60% of its total thickness, is impregnated with the polymer plastic foam, since complete impregnation significantly reduces the tensile strength properties. The good permeability to air and water vapor results from the fact that the substrate according to the invention has a large number of open cells and therefore an at least predominantly open-cell fine-pored structure. The cell structure makes it possible furthermore, that a suede-like effect arises after the impregnated surface is sanded, since the fibers partially protrude from this surface. The outstanding fibers also create very favorable conditions for inseparable connection with an additional thin coating, because the liquid coating material can anchor itself in the fine, rough surface without, however, sinking into it. Since the carrier body consists of a fleece and is therefore stretchable without the surface of the substrate changing in a disruptive manner, the substrate according to the invention is particularly suitable as a leather substitute, but particularly well as a material for the interior of vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, because it can be easily deformed due to its elasticity.
Eine besonders hohe Luft- und Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit ergibt sich dann, wenn das schaumartig gemachte polymere Kunststoffmaterial ausschließlich durch Einbringen von Luft gebildete offene Zellen aufweist. Dies ist beispielsweise dann zweckmäßig, wenn das Substrat bei der Herstellung von Schuhen, Protektoren od.dgl., aber auch für die Innenausstattung von Fahrzeugen, Räumen od.dgl. und als Überzugsmaterial für Polster Verwendung findet.A particularly high permeability to air and water vapor results when the foamed polymeric plastic material has open cells formed solely by introducing air. This is useful, for example, if the substrate or the like in the manufacture of shoes, protectors or the like, but also for the interior of vehicles, rooms or the like. and is used as a covering material for upholstery.
Für andere Anwendungsgebiete kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn erfindungsgemäß das polymere Kunststoffmaterial zusätzlich zu den durch das Einbringen von Luft gebildeten offenen Zellen von Mikrohohlkugeln gebildete geschlossene Zellen aufweist. Hiebei ist es von Vorteil, wenn zumindest einzelne der an der getränkten Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers befindlichen Mikrohohlkugeln geöffnet sind, da hiedurch der Veloureffekt verbessert wird.For other areas of application, it can be advantageous if, according to the invention, the polymeric plastic material has, in addition to the open cells formed by introducing air, hollow cells formed by hollow microspheres. It is advantageous here if at least some of the hollow microspheres located on the impregnated surface of the carrier body are open, since this improves the velor effect.
Gute Ergebnisse werden erzielt, wenn der textile Trägerkörper zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoffasern, beispielsweise Polyesterfasern oder Polyamidfasern, besteht. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn das erfindungsgemäße Substrat mittels Hochfrequenz erwärmt und verformt wird.Good results are achieved if the textile carrier body is at least partially made of plastic fibers, for example polyester fibers or Polyamide fibers. This is particularly advantageous if the substrate according to the invention is heated and deformed by means of high frequency.
Eine besonders ansprechende Oberfläche ergibt sich auch dann, wenn die Fasern dünner als 3,5 dtex, vorzugsweise dünner als 2 dtex, sind.A particularly attractive surface is also obtained when the fibers are thinner than 3.5 dtex, preferably thinner than 2 dtex.
Der Trägerkörper kann erfindungsgemäß aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Bahnen bestehen. So kann beispielsweise der textile Trägerkörper aus einem Naturfaservlies und einem, vorzugsweise etwa gleich schweren, mit dem Naturfaservlies zusammengenadelten Kunstfaservlies gebildet sein. Die Naturfasern gewährleisten infolge ihrer Dochtwirkung eine gute Wasseraufnahme, die Kunstfasern gewährleisten eine hohe Stichausreiß- und Weiterreißfestigkeit.According to the invention, the carrier body can consist of several interconnected webs. For example, the textile carrier body can be formed from a natural fiber fleece and a synthetic fiber fleece, preferably of approximately the same weight, needled together with the natural fiber fleece. Due to their wicking properties, the natural fibers ensure good water absorption, the synthetic fibers ensure high resistance to tearing and tearing.
Es kann aber auch der Trägerkörper in seinem getränkten Bereich aus einem Vlies bestehen, das mit einem Gewirke oder einem dünnen, durch Prägen verfestigten Vlies zusammengenadelt ist, wobei die Fasern des erstgenannten Vlieses teilweise durch das Gewirke bzw. das dünne verfestigte Vlies hindurchragen.However, the impregnated area of the carrier body can also consist of a nonwoven fabric, which is needled together with a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven fabric that has been consolidated by embossing, the fibers of the former nonwoven partially projecting through the knitted fabric or the thin, consolidated nonwoven fabric.
Nach einer anderen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform besteht der Trägerkörper aus zwei Vliesen, zwischen welchen ein Gewirke oder ein dünnes, durch Prägen verfestigtes Vlies angeordnet ist, wobei das Gewirke bzw. das dünne, verfestigte Vlies mit den äußeren Vliesen durch Nadelung verbunden ist. Das Gewirke besteht hiebei zweckmäßig aus einem gerauhten Trikot, also aus einem Trikot, bei welchem die Schlingen an der Oberfläche aufgeschnitten sind.According to another embodiment of the invention, the carrier body consists of two nonwovens, between which a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven fabric, which is consolidated by embossing, is arranged, the knitted fabric or the thin, consolidated nonwoven fabric being connected to the outer nonwovens by needling. The knitted fabric expediently consists of a roughened jersey, that is to say of a jersey in which the loops are cut open on the surface.
Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht der textile Trägerkorper in seinem getränkten Bereich aus einem Vlies, das mit einer Kunststoffolie aus Polypropylen, Polyäthylen oder Weich-PVC zusammengenadelt ist, wobei die Fasern des Vlieses durch die Kunststoffolie hindurchragen. In jedem Fall ergeben sich gute Eigenschaften sowohl hinsichtlich Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit und Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme als auch hinsichtlich der Festigkeit.In another embodiment of the invention, the textile carrier body consists in its impregnated area of a fleece which is needled together with a plastic film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or soft PVC, the fibers of the fleece projecting through the plastic film. In any case, there are good properties in terms of water vapor permeability and moisture absorption as well as in terms of strength.
Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung kann der textile Trägerkörper, vorzugsweise mit einem Anteil zwischen 5 und 35%, hochfeste Fasern, insbesondere auf Basis Polyamid, enthalten. Solche hochfeste Fasern werden in der Deutschen Bundesrepublik unter den Warenzeichen KEVLAR und NOMEX vertrieben. Dadurch wird die Reißfestigkeit des Substrates wesentlich erhöht. Bei einem solchen Substrat kann als Trägerkörper ein dünnes, leichtes Vlies mit einem Flächengewicht von ca. 150 g/m² Verwendung finden, so daß sich dieses Substrat beispielsweise für Schuhobermaterial besonders gut eignet. Bisher war es erforderlich, ein solches dünnes, eine offene Struktur aufweisendes Vlies mit einer dicken und somit schweren Beschichtung zu versehen. Durch die Anordnung des Schaumes im Vlies und durch das Schleifen der Oberfläche entsteht auch bei Verwendung von dünnen Vliesen aus hochfesten Fasern ein reißfähiges velourlederähnliches oder textilvelourartiges Substrat, das auch beim Dehnen seine glatte Oberfläche beibehält und das sich ideal auch für die Anbringung dünner Beschichtungen eignet.According to a further feature of the invention, the textile carrier body, preferably with a proportion between 5 and 35%, can contain high-strength fibers, in particular based on polyamide. Such high-strength fibers are sold in the German Federal Republic under the trademarks KEVLAR and NOMEX. This makes the tensile strength of the substrate essential elevated. In the case of such a substrate, a thin, light fleece with a basis weight of approximately 150 g /
Ein schöner, gleichmäßiger Veloureffekt ergibt sich dann, wenn der überwiegende Anteil der Zellen des polymeren Kunststoffmateriales kleiner ist als 125 µ.A beautiful, even velor effect is obtained when the majority of the cells in the polymer plastic material are smaller than 125 µ.
Vorzugsweise ist das polymere Kunststoffmaterial, zumindest teilweise, vernetzt, wobei ein Vernetzungsmittel zugesetzt wird, welches keine erwärmende Vernetzung startet.The polymeric plastic material is preferably, at least partially, crosslinked, with a crosslinking agent being added which does not start heating crosslinking.
Als polymeres Kunststoffmaterial eignet sich besonders eine Polymerdispersion auf Basis Butadien, Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polystyrol, Polyisobutylen und/oder Polychloropren, oder diese Polymere enthaltend. Damit läßt sich gut der offenzellige Schlagschaum herstellen.A polymer dispersion based on butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polyisobutylene and / or polychloroprene, or containing these polymers, is particularly suitable as the polymer plastic material. This makes it easy to produce the open-celled whipped foam.
Um die Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme und Feuchtigkeitsdurchlässigkeit des Substrates weiter zu verbessern, kann erfindungsgemäß das polymere Kunststoffmaterial pulverförmige hygroskopische Zusätze, beispielsweise Ledermehl oder Zellulosepulver, enthalten, welche die Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen und weiterleiten. Für eine geringe Biegesteifigkeit und eine gute Weiterreißfestigkeit und Stichausreißfestigkeit ist es wesentlich, wenn an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern keine Kunststoffanreichung erfolgt, um eine starke Bindung zwischen dem Trägerkörper und dem Kunststoffmaterial zu vermeiden. Dies ist bei Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Schaummaterials der Fall. Eine Verringerung dieser Bindung und dadurch eine verbesserte Dehnbarkeit des Substrates in allen Richtungen läßt sich jedoch noch dadurch erzielen, daß erfindungsgemäß der textile Trägerkörper mit einer Antihaftausrüstung aus einer die den Trägerkörper bildenden Fasern zumindest teilweise umhüllenden Schicht versehen ist. Diese Schicht kann beispielsweise aus Silikon, Polytetrafluoräthylen, Polyäthylen, Wachs, Paraffin, Polyolefin oder ähnlichen Materialien, oder aus Mischungen hieraus, bestehen, also aus Stoffen, die vor allem wasserabweisend sind und daher ein Anlagern der Dispersion an den Fasern verhindern.In order to further improve the moisture absorption and moisture permeability of the substrate, the polymeric plastic material according to the invention can contain powdery hygroscopic additives, for example leather powder or cellulose powder, which absorb and transmit the moisture. For low bending stiffness and good tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance, it is essential if there is no plastic enrichment at the crossing points of the fibers in order to avoid a strong bond between the carrier body and the plastic material. This is the case when using the foam material according to the invention. A reduction in this bond and thereby an improved extensibility of the substrate in all directions can, however, still be achieved in that, according to the invention, the textile carrier body is provided with a non-stick finish made of a layer at least partially enveloping the fibers forming the carrier body. This layer can consist, for example, of silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials, or of mixtures thereof, that is to say of substances which are above all water-repellent and therefore prevent the dispersion from adhering to the fibers.
Es kann aber auch die Schicht aus einer in einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser oder Alkohol, löslichen Substanz, beispielsweise aus Gelatine, Stärke, Seifen, Fettalkohole, Polyvinylalkohol, Wasserglas, oder Mischungen hieraus, bestehen. Diese Schicht umgibt zunächst die Fasern und verhindert ein Anlagern des Kunststoffmateriales an denselben, insbesondere auch an den Kreuzungspunkten, kann jedoch bei oder nach dem Verfestigen des Kunststoffmateriales durch die Flüssigkeit (Wasser, Alkohol od.dgl.) zumindest teilweise wieder entfernt werden, so daß dann die Fasern im Kunststoffschaum gleichsam frei beweglich sind und dadurch nicht nur die Weichheit und Biegsamkeit des so hergestellten Substrates verbessert wird, sondern auch in diesem Substrat kapillare Hohlräume gebildet werden, die die Feuchtigkeitsdurchlässigkeit in gewünschter Weise erhöhen. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, daß die wässerige Kunststoffdispersion selbst diese Schicht absorbiert.However, the layer can also consist of a substance that is soluble in a liquid, in particular water or alcohol, for example gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass, or mixtures thereof. This layer initially surrounds the fibers and prevents the plastic material from adhering to them, in particular also at the crossing points, but can be at least partially removed again during or after the plastic material has solidified by the liquid (water, alcohol or the like), so that then the fibers in the plastic foam are, as it were, freely movable, thereby not only improving the softness and flexibility of the substrate produced in this way, but also forming capillary cavities in this substrate, which increase the moisture permeability in the desired manner. However, there is also the possibility that the aqueous plastic dispersion itself will absorb this layer.
Zweckmäßig weist das erfindungsgemäße Substrat eine Dichte von weniger als 0,45 g/cm³ auf.The substrate according to the invention expediently has a density of less than 0.45 g /
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Substrat an wenigstens einer Oberfläche mit einem Druck und mit einem, vorzugsweise transparenten Finish versehen ist, wodurch ein gewünschtes, beispielsweise leder- oder textilartiges Aussehen erzielt wird.It is advantageous if the substrate is provided with a print and a preferably transparent finish on at least one surface, as a result of which a desired, for example leather or textile, appearance is achieved.
Das erfindungsgemäße Substrat kann, wie bereits erwähnt, ohne Beschichtung verwendet werden, beispielsweise als saugfähiges, atmungsaktives Schuhfuttermaterial bzw. Einlegesohlenmaterial oder als Velourmaterial für Fahrzeuge. Vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn es zumindest an seiner einen Oberfläche mit einer dünnen Beschichtung, vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan oder PVC, versehen ist, wobei die aus der Oberfläche herausragenden Fasern in die Beschichtung eingebettet sind. Die feine Rauhigkeit dieser geschliffenen Oberfläche bildet nämlich eine ideale Voraussetzung auch für sehr dünne Beschichtungen, weil sich das flüssige Beschichtungsmaterial in der rauhen Oberfläche verankern kann und sich die von dieser rauhen Oberfläche abstehenden Faserenden im Beschichtungsmaterial verankern. Die Beschichtung kann in diesem Fall eine Stärke von weniger als 0,35 mm aufweisen.As already mentioned, the substrate according to the invention can be used without a coating, for example as an absorbent, breathable shoe lining material or insole material or as velor material for vehicles. However, it is advantageous if it is at least on his a surface is provided with a thin coating, preferably made of polyurethane or PVC, the fibers protruding from the surface being embedded in the coating. The fine roughness of this ground surface is an ideal prerequisite even for very thin coatings because the liquid coating material can anchor itself in the rough surface and the fiber ends protruding from this rough surface anchor in the coating material. In this case, the coating can have a thickness of less than 0.35 mm.
Die Beschichtung kann auf die getränkte und geschliffene Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebracht werden. Es ist aber erfindungsgemäß auch möglich, die nicht getränkte Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers mit einer Beschichtung zu versehen. Es bleibt dann der Veloureffekt an der getränkten und geschliffenen Oberfläche erhalten, wogegen die andere Oberfläche beispielsweise durch Prägen der Beschichtung ein ledernarbenartiges Aussehen erhalten kann.The coating can be applied to the impregnated and ground surface of the carrier body. However, it is also possible according to the invention to provide the non-impregnated surface of the carrier body with a coating. The velor effect on the soaked and polished surface is then retained, whereas the other surface can be given a leather-like appearance, for example by embossing the coating.
Bei der Helstellung eines nubuk- bzw. velourlederartigen Substrates, wobei aus einer wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion durch Einrühren bzw. Einschlagen von Luft ein Schaum gebildet wird, dieser Schaum in einen textilen Trägerkörper derart eingebracht wird, daß er diesen textilen Trägerkörper zumindest im Bereich seiner Oberfläche durchdringt, und anschließend der textile Trägerkörper durch Wasserentzug getrocknet wird, wird erfindungsgemäß so vorgegangen, daß ein aus einem Vlies bestehender Trägerkörper eingesetzt wird, daß der Schaum durch Einwirken von Überdruck so in den textilen Trägerkörper eingebracht wird, daß, von einer Oberfläche des textilen Trägerkörpers ausgehend, lediglich ein Bereich zwischen 20 % und 60 % der Gesamtdicke des textilen Trägerkörpers getränkt wird, und daß anschließend die erwähnte Oberfläche so geschliffen wird, daß die Fasern des Vlieses teilweise aus der getränkten Oberfläche herausragen. Das Einbringen des Schlagschaumes durch Überdruck erfolgt beispielsweise durch Beaufschlagung mittels Druckluft oder Druckgas und/oder durch mechanisches Eindrücken des Schlagschaumes in den Trägerkörper. Das Einbringen des Schlagschaumes durch Einwirken von Überdruck stellt sicher, daß die Schaumstruktur bei diesem Einbringen in den Trägerkörper nicht zerstört wird, sondern im gewünschten Maße in dem zu imprägnierenden Bereich des Trägerkörpers aufrecht erhalten bleibt. Bei der darauffolgenden Trocknung durch Wärmezufuhr, vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur über 100°C, platzen durch die Ausdehnung der Luft im Schlagschaum eine große Anzahl der Zellwände in dem trocknenden Schlagschaum, wodurch sich die erwünschte Luft- und Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit in großem Maße ergibt. Die Verwendung von Schlagschaum bringt weiters den Vorteil mit sich, daß das Volumen des Schlagschaumes gegenüber dem Volumen der ungeschlagenen Dispersion sich etwa verdoppelt, ohne daß sich das Verhältnis Wasser: Feststoff verändert, so daß eine geringere Wassermenge für die Imprägnierung des gewünschten Bereiches des textilen Trägerkörpers erforderlich ist, also auch beim Trocknen eine geringere Wassermenge wieder abgeführt werden muß. Dadurch wird an Material und Energie gespart.When a nubuck or suede-like substrate is produced, a foam being formed from an aqueous plastic dispersion by stirring or blowing in air, this foam is introduced into a textile carrier body in such a way that it penetrates this textile carrier body at least in the area of its surface, and then the textile carrier body is dried by dehydration, the procedure according to the invention is such that a carrier body consisting of a nonwoven is used so that the foam is introduced into the textile carrier body by the action of excess pressure such that, starting from a surface of the textile carrier body, only an area between 20% and 60% of the total thickness of the textile carrier body is soaked, and that the surface mentioned is then ground so that the fibers of the nonwoven partially protrude from the soaked surface. The blow foam is introduced by overpressure, for example by applying compressed air or compressed gas and / or by mechanically pressing the blow foam into the carrier body. The introduction of the whipped foam by the action of excess pressure ensures that the foam structure is not destroyed during this introduction into the carrier body, but is maintained to the desired extent in the area of the carrier body to be impregnated. In the subsequent drying by the application of heat, preferably one Temperature above 100 ° C, due to the expansion of the air in the blow foam, a large number of cell walls in the drying blow foam burst, which results in the desired air and water vapor permeability to a large extent. The use of whipped foam also has the advantage that the volume of the whipped foam approximately doubles compared to the volume of the undefeated dispersion, without the water: solid ratio changing, so that a smaller amount of water for impregnating the desired area of the textile carrier body is necessary, so a smaller amount of water must be removed again when drying. This saves on material and energy.
Soll die Imprägnierung teilweise auch geschlossene Zellen enthalten, so können der durch Einbringen von Luft schaumartig gemachten wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion Mikrohohlkugeln aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoffmaterial, vorzugsweise aus Polyvinylidenchlorid, oder ein Treibmittel enthaltende Kompaktteilchen aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoffmaterial, vorzugsweise aus Polyvinylidenchlorid, beigemengt werden, aus welchen Kompaktteilchen durch Wärmezufuhr Mikrohohlkugeln in situ gebildet werden. Werden die Mikrohohlkugeln aus den Kompaktteilchen bei der Trocknung des imprägnierten Trägerkörpers gebildet, so wird hiebei auch der Schlagschaum zum Expandieren gebracht, wodurch gleichfalls ein Zerplatzen der Zellwände bewirkt wird. Die beim Trocknen sich bildenden Mikrohohlkugeln führen weiters zu einer spontanen Viskositätserhöhung des noch flüssigen Schlagschaumes und verhindern dadurch nicht nur ein Zusammenziehen des trocknenden Schlagschaumes an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern und eine Volumsverringerung des Schlagschaumes durch den Flüssigkeitsverlust beim Trocknen, sondern der Schlagschaum erfährt vielmehr durch die sich bildenden Mikrohohlkugeln eine Volumszunahme.If the impregnation should also partially contain closed cells, the hollow aqueous plastic dispersion made into foam by introducing air can be admixed with hollow microspheres made of a thermoplastic material, preferably made of polyvinylidene chloride, or compact particles containing a blowing agent made of a thermoplastic material, preferably made of polyvinylidene chloride, from which compact particles hollow microspheres are formed in situ by the application of heat. If the hollow microspheres are formed from the compact particles during the drying of the impregnated carrier body, the whipped foam is also expanded, which likewise causes the cell walls to burst. The hollow microspheres that form during drying also lead to a spontaneous increase in the viscosity of the still liquid whipped foam and thus not only prevent the drying whipped foam from contracting at the points of intersection of the fibers and a reduction in volume of the whipped foam due to the loss of liquid during drying, but rather the whipped foam experiences through it forming hollow microspheres an increase in volume.
Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die wässerige Kunststoffdispersion wärmesensiblen Maßnahmen, beispielsweise mittels einer Substanz wie Polyvinylmethyläther ainsgesetzt wird oder auf einen pH-Wert eingestellt wird, der vom pH-Wert des textilen Trägerkörpers bzw. der diesen textilen Trägerkörper bildenden Fasern abweicht, also sauer oder alkalisch ist, entgegengesetzt zum textilen Trägerkörper. In jedem Fall erfolgt dadurch ein Koagulieren der Kunststoffdispersion, wodurch die Verfestigung derselben beschleunigt wird und eine zusätzliche Schaumbildung erfolgt.It is advantageous if the aqueous plastic dispersion uses heat-sensitive measures, for example by means of a substance such as polyvinyl methyl ether, or is adjusted to a pH value which deviates from the pH of the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body, that is to say acidic or alkaline is opposite to the textile carrier body. In any case, this causes the plastic dispersion to coagulate, thereby accelerating the solidification thereof and causing additional foam formation.
Um ein weiches Substrat mit geringer Biegefestigkeit und guter Verformbarkeit zu erhalten, soll, wie bereits erwähnt, eine starke Bindung zwischen dem Kunststoffschaum und dem textilen Trägermaterial, insbesondere an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern, verhindert werden. Hiezu ist es von Vorteil, wenn der textile Trägerkörper bzw. die diesen textilen Trägerkörper bildenden Fasern vor dem Einbringen der wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion in denselben mit einem Überzug aus wasserabweichendem Material, z.B. Silikon, Polytetrafluoräthylen, Polyäthylen, Wachs, Paraffin, Polyolefin oder ähnlichen Materialien oder Mischungen hieraus, versehen wird bzw. werden. Dieses wasserabweisende Material stoßt die wässerige Kunststoffdispersion ab, so daß keine Bindung zwischen dem Kunststoffschaum und dem textilen Trägermaterial erfolgt.In order to obtain a soft substrate with low bending strength and good deformability, a strong bond should, as already mentioned between the plastic foam and the textile carrier material, in particular at the crossing points of the fibers, can be prevented. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body are coated with a coating of water-deviating material, for example silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials or mixtures, before introducing the aqueous plastic dispersion therein from this, is or will be provided. This water-repellent material repels the aqueous plastic dispersion so that there is no bond between the plastic foam and the textile carrier material.
Eine andere, besonders vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, eine solche Bindung zu verhindern, ist es, den textilen Trägerkörper bzw. die diesen textilen Trägerkörper bildenden Fasern vor dem Einbringen der wässerigen Kunststoffdispersion mit einem Überzug aus einer bei Einwirken einer Flüssigkeit, z.B. Wasser oder Alkohol, lösbaren Substanz zu versehen und nach den Verfestigen des Schlagschaumes diese Substanz durch Einwirken der genannten Flüssigkeit zumindest teilweise wieder zu entfernen. Wird der textile Trägerkörper beispielsweise mit einer Lösung, Emulsion oder Dispersion aus Gelatine, Stärke, Seifen, Fettalkohole, Polyvinylalkohol, Wasserglas oder ähnlichen Materialien, oder Mischungen hieraus, imprägniert, so lagert sich der in dieser Lösung, Emulsion oder Dispersion befindliche Feststoff an den Fasern, und zwar vorzugsweise an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern, ab, und überzieht die Fasern zumindest teilweise mit einem Film. Wird nach dem Verfestigen des Schlagschaumes dieser Film wieder durch Einwirken von Wasser oder Alkohol zumindest teilweise herausgewaschen, so werden hiedurch Zwischenräume zwischen den Fasern und dem verfestigten Schlagschaum geschaffen, die Fasern können sich also im verfestigten Schlagschaum in gewünschter Weise frei bewegen. Außerdem verbessern diese so geschaffenen Hohlräume die Wasserdampf- und Luftdurchlässigkeit des Substrates.Another particularly advantageous way of preventing such a bond is to coat the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body with a coating of a liquid, e.g. Water or alcohol to provide detachable substance and after solidification of the whipped foam to remove this substance at least partially by the action of the liquid mentioned. If, for example, the textile carrier body is impregnated with a solution, emulsion or dispersion of gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass or similar materials, or mixtures thereof, the solid in this solution, emulsion or dispersion is deposited on the fibers , preferably at the crossing points of the fibers, and at least partially covers the fibers with a film. If this film is at least partially washed out again after the solidification of the whipped foam by the action of water or alcohol, gaps are hereby created between the fibers and the solidified whipped foam, so the fibers can move freely in the solidified whipped foam in the desired manner. In addition, the cavities thus created improve the water vapor and air permeability of the substrate.
Zur Verringerung der Biegefestigkeit des Substrates dient es ferner, wenn der imprägnierte Trägerkörper nach seiner Trocknung einer chemischen Behandlung, z.B. mittels heißen Wassers, oder, vorzugsweise bei gleichzeitiger Anwendung von Wärme, einer mechanischen Behandlung, z.B. durch Dehnen, Recken und/oder Tumpeln, unterzogen wird, wodurch gleichfalls eine Lockerung der Bindung zwischen den Fasern des textilen Trägerkörpers und dem verfestigten Kunststoffschaum, insbesondere an den Kreuzungspunkten der Fasern, erfolgt.It also serves to reduce the bending strength of the substrate if the impregnated support body is subjected to a chemical treatment, for example by means of hot water, or, preferably with simultaneous application of heat, to a mechanical treatment, for example by stretching, stretching and / or tumbling, after it has dried is, which also loosens the bond between the fibers of the textile carrier body and the solidified plastic foam, in particular at the intersection of the fibers.
Werden Mikrohohlkugeln bei der Trocknung des Kunststoffschaumes in situ gebildet, so erfolgt, wie bereits erwähnt, beim Trockenvorgang eine Volumszunahme und dadurch eine Zunahme der Dicke des imprägnierten textilen Trägerkörpers. Zweckmäßig wird nun diese Dickenzunahme durch die Schleifbehandlung entfernt, wodurch nicht nur die gewünschte Dicke des Substrates in jedem Fell, unabhängig von der aufgebrachten Menge des Schlagschaumes, gewährleistet ist, sondern auch eine völlig gleichbleibende Dicke des Substrates gegeben ist, selbst wenn das Trägermaterial vor dem Tränken eine unterschiedliche Dicke aufwies.If hollow microspheres are formed in situ during the drying of the plastic foam, as already mentioned, during the drying process there is an increase in volume and thus an increase in the thickness of the impregnated textile carrier body. This increase in thickness is now expediently removed by the grinding treatment, which not only ensures the desired thickness of the substrate in each coat, regardless of the amount of foamed foam applied, but also a completely constant thickness of the substrate, even if the substrate material is in front of the Watering was of different thickness.
Der imprägnierte Trägerkörper kann zumindest an seiner einen Oberfläche unter Einwirkung von Druck und Wärme mit einer Prägung versehen werden. Ferner kann der imprägnierte Trägerkörper bedruckt werden, und zwar vorzugsweise mit einer Druckfarbe, die als Bindemittel Polymethacrylsäuremethylester oder Polyurethan enthält. Soll das erfindungsgemäße Substrat mit PVC-Folienapplikationen verbunden werden, wie dies beispielsweise bei Verwendung des Substrates für die Innenausstattung von Fahrzeugen vorteilhaft ist, so wirkt in einem solchen Fall die Druckfarbe gleichzeitig als HF-Schweißmittel zum Aufschweißen dieser PVC-Folienapplikationen.The impregnated support body can be embossed at least on one surface under the action of pressure and heat. Furthermore, the impregnated support body can be printed, preferably with a printing ink which contains methyl polymethacrylate or polyurethane as a binder. If the substrate according to the invention is to be connected to PVC film applications, as is advantageous, for example, when using the substrate for the interior of vehicles, then in such a case the printing ink also acts as an HF welding agent for welding on these PVC film applications.
Als textiles Trägermaterial eignen sich vor allem bindemittelfreie Krempel- oder Wirrfaservliese aus synthetischen Fasern, welche Vliese auch durch ein Gewirke oder ein dünnes, durch thermisches Prägen verfestigtes Vlies verstärkt sein können. Ebenso eignen sich stark gerauhte Gewirketräger mit einem Flächengewicht von mehr als 160 g/m².Particularly suitable as a textile carrier material are binder-free carded or random fiber nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, which nonwovens can also be reinforced by a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven reinforced by thermal embossing. Strongly roughened knitted fabrics with a basis weight of more than 160 g / m² are also suitable.
Zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Substrates wird in ein feinfaseriges Nadel- oder Wirrfaservlies mit einem Flächengewicht von mehr als 180 g/m² eine schaumig geschlagene bzw. schaumig gerührte wässerige Kunststoffdispersion mit einem Litergewicht zwischen 300 und 700 g, vorzugsweise von 500 g, durch Beschichten mittels Überdruck eingebracht. Anschließend wird durch Wasserverdampfung die Dispersion im Vlies verfestigt bzw. getrocknet. Diese Verfestigung bzw.Trocknung erfolgt beispielsweise dadurch, daß die getränkte Oberfläche des Vlieses in direktem Kontakt mit einer heißen Unterlage, beispielsweise einer heißen Walze oder Platte, gebracht wird, so daß die Wärme unmittelbar an die naße Dispersionsschicht abgegeben wird. Nach der Trocknung wird die getränkte Oberfläche des Vlieses mit einem Schmirgelpapier geschliffen, wobei die vor dem Imprägnieren des Vlieses mit dem Schlagschaum vorhandene offene Oberfläche des Vlieses und die starken Dickenschwankungen des Vlieses beseitigt werden. Die Oberfläche des Vlieses hat nun ein nubuk- bzw. velourlederähnliches Aussehen mit feinen, angeschliffenen Fasern und kann mit einer dünnen Beschichtung versehen werden.To produce a substrate according to the invention, a foamed whipped or foamed aqueous plastic dispersion with a liter weight between 300 and 700 g, preferably 500 g, is coated into a fine-fiber needle or random fiber fleece with a basis weight of more than 180 g /
100 Teile einer 50%-igen Polymerdispersion auf Basis Butadien, die ein bei Wärmezufuhr wirksam werdendes Vernetzungsmittel enthält, werden als Zuschlag 2 Teile Verdickungsmittel, 5 Teile Pigment und 5 Teile ein Treibmittel enthaltende, thermoplastische Kompaktteilchen beigemengt. Danach wird der Ansatz vermischt und es wird Luft eingerührt, bis sich das Volumen etwa verdoppelt hat und ein Schlagschaum entstanden ist. Dieser Schlagschaum wird in ein Nadelvlies mit einem Flächengewicht von ca. 300 g und einer Stärke von ca. 2 mm, bestehend aus 50 Teilen Baumwollfasern und 50 Teilen Polyesterfasern (1,7 dtex) mittels Überdruck eingebracht, und zwar derart, daß der Schlagschaum etwa 0,6 mm in das Vlies eindringt.100 parts of a 50% polymer dispersion based on butadiene, which contains a crosslinking agent which becomes effective when heat is added, are admixed with 2 parts of thickener, 5 parts of pigment and 5 parts of a thermoplastic compact particle containing a blowing agent. The mixture is then mixed and air is stirred in until the volume has approximately doubled and a whipped foam has formed. This blow foam is introduced into a needle felt with a basis weight of approx. 300 g and a thickness of approx. 2 mm, consisting of 50 parts of cotton fibers and 50 parts of polyester fibers (1.7 dtex) by means of overpressure, in such a way that the blow foam approximately 0.6 mm penetrates the fleece.
Hierauf wird das so imprägnierte Vlies bei einer Temperatur von ca. 135°C getrocknet. Dabei bilden sich im Schlagschaum aus den Kompaktteilchen die thermoplastischen Mikrohohlkugeln. Nach ca. 3 Minuten ist die Trocknung beendet. Das Vlies, in dem sich die Mikrohohlkugeln gebildet haben, hat nunmehr die Stärke von ca. 2,2 mm.The fleece thus impregnated is then at a temperature of approx. 135 ° C dried. The thermoplastic hollow microspheres are formed from the compact particles in the whipped foam. Drying is complete after approx. 3 minutes. The fleece in which the hollow microspheres have formed is now approximately 2.2 mm thick.
Anschließend wird das Vlies auf der behandelten Seite mit einem Schmirgelpapier Körnung 220 geschliffen, und zwar so lange, bis das Vlies wieder seine ursprüngliche Stärke von 2 mm aufweist. Die vor dem Imprägnieren des Vlieses mit dem Schlagschaum vorhandene offene Oberfläche des Vlieses und die starken Dickenschwankungen des Vlieses sind nach dem Schleifen beseitigt. Die Oberfläche des Vlieses zeigt eine nubuk- bzw. velourlederähnliche Oberfläche mit feinen, angeschliffenen Fasern. Diese Oberfläche ist so eben, daß eine auf bekannte Weise aufgebrachte dünne PUR-Beschichtung mit einer Stärke von 0,18 mm, auch beim Dehnen, keine Vliesstruktur erkennen läßt.The fleece is then sanded on the treated side with a 220 grit emery paper, until the fleece has returned to its original thickness of 2 mm. The open surface of the fleece present before the impregnation of the fleece with the whipped foam and the large fluctuations in thickness of the fleece are eliminated after grinding. The surface of the fleece shows a nubuck or suede-like surface with fine, sanded fibers. This surface is so flat that a thin PUR coating with a thickness of 0.18 mm applied in a known manner, even when stretching, shows no fleece structure.
In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Substrates dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig.1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Substrat ohne Beschichtung;
- Fig.2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Substrat mit Beschichtung;
- Fig.3 das Detail III in Fig.2 in größerem Maßstab;
- Fig.4 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Substrates mit Beschichtung;
- Fig.5 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Substrates mit Beschichtung.
- 1 shows a substrate according to the invention without a coating;
- 2 shows a substrate according to the invention with a coating;
- 3 shows the detail III in Figure 2 on a larger scale;
- 4 shows a further embodiment of the substrate according to the invention with a coating;
- 5 shows a further embodiment of the substrate according to the invention with a coating.
Das in Fig.1 dargestellte erfindungsgemäße Substrat weist einen von einem Vlies gebildeten Trägerkörper 1 auf, der aus Fasern 2 besteht. Eine aus einem Schaum 3 bestehende Imprägnierung ist in dem der Oberfläche 5 benachbarten Bereich 6 des Substrates vorgesehen. Die Imprägnierung kann lediglich offene Zellen aufweisen, welche durch Einrühren von Luft gebildet sind, es können jedoch auch in den offenporigen Schaum geschlossene Zellen bildende Mikrohohlkugeln eingebettet sein, wie dies bei 4 dargestellt ist. Die getränkte Oberfläche 5 ist geschliffen und die Fasern 2 ragen aus dieser Oberfläche 5 heraus bzw. stehen von dieser Oberfläche ab, so daß diese Oberfläche ein nubuk- bzw. velourlederähnliches Aussehen besitzt.The substrate according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a
Die Ausführungsform nach den Fig.2 und 3 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig.1 dadurch, daß mit der Oberfläche 5 eine dünne Beschichtung 7 mit narbenlederähnlichen Aussehen untrennbar verbunden ist, wobei die von der Oberfläche 5 abstehenden feinen Fasern in diese Beschichtung ragen und daher in dieser Beschichtung 7 verankert sind, oder auch von dieser Beschichtung abstehen bzw. aus dieser Beschichtung herausragen. Es kann aber auch die Beschichtung 7 auf der nicht getränkten Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers 1 aufgebracht werden, wobei sich gleichfalls die Fasern 2 des Vlieses 1 in der Beschichtung verankern. In diesem Fall weist vorzugsweise diese mit der Beschichtung versehene Oberfläche ein narbenlederähnliches Aussehen auf, wogegen die andere, getränkte und geschliffene Oberfläche 5 velourartig ausgebildet ist.The embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a
Die Ausführungsform nach Fig.4 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig.3 dadurch, daß mit dem Vlies 1 ein Gewirke oder ein dünnes, durch thermisches Prägen verfestigtes Vlies 8 mit einer Stärke von weniger als 0,8 mm und einem Flächengewicht von weniger als 135 g/mm² derart zusammengenadelt ist, daß die Fasern 2 des Vlieses 1 das Gewirke bzw. verfestigte Vlies 8 durchdringen und somit von der Oberseite dieses Gewirkes bzw. verfestigten Vlieses 8 abstehen. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform kann die Beschichtung 7 sowohl auf der getränkten Oberfläche 5 des Vlieses 1 als auch auf dem Gewirke bzw. verfestigten Vlies 8 angeordnet werden, wobei sich auch im letzteren Fall die abstehenden Fasern 2 in der Beschichtung verankern.The embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that with the fleece 1 a knitted fabric or a
Die Ausführungsform nach Fig.5 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführungsform nach Fig.4 dadurch, daß der Trägerkörper aus zwei Vliesen 1',1" besteht, zwischen welchen ein Gewirke oder ein dünnes, durch Prägen verfestigtes Vlies 8 angeordnet ist, das mit den beiden Vliesen 1',1" zusammengenadelt ist.The embodiment according to FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 in that the carrier body consists of two
Das Vlies 1 bzw. 1' bzw. 1" ist vorzugsweise ein Krempelvlies aus synthetischen Fasern. Das Gewirke 8 kann beispielsweise aus einem gerauhten Trikot, also einem Trikot, dessen Schlingen geöffnet sind, bestehen.The
Claims (38)
- A nubuck-leather-like or suede-like substrate with a textile support (1) having a rough surface (5) on at least one side and being partly impregnated with a polymeric plastics material consisting of a foam (3) which has open cells formed by incorporation of air, characterised in that, starting from the surface (5) of the textile support (1), only one region between 20% and 60% of the total thickness of the textile support (1) is impregnated, and in that the textile support (1) consists of a fleece and is abraded on its impregnated surface (5) in such a way that the fibres (2) in part project from this surface (5).
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the foam (3) has, in addition to the open cells formed by incorporation of air, closed cells formed by hollow microspheres (4).
- A substrate according to Claim 2, characterised in that at least some of the hollow microspheres (4) on the impregnated surface (5) of the support (1) are opened.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the textile support at least partly consists of plastics fibres (2), for example polyester fibres or polyamide fibres.
- A substrate according to Claim 4, characterised in that the fibres (2) are thinner than 3.5 dtex, preferably thinner than 2 dtex.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the support (1) consists of a number of interconnected webs.
- A substrate according to Claim 6, characterised in that the textile support (1), in its impregnated region, consists of a natural fibre fleece which is needled together with a synthetic fibre fleece preferably of approximately equal weight.
- A substrate according to Claim 6, characterised in that the textile support (1), in its impregnated region, consists of a fleece which is needled together with a warp-knitted fabric (8) or with a thin fleece compacted by stamping, the fibres (2) of the first-mentioned fleece in part projecting through the knitted fabric or the thin compacted fleece.
- A substrate according to Claim 6, characterised in that the textile support (1) consists of two fleeces, between which a warp-knitted fabric (8) or a thin fleece compacted by stamping is arranged, the knitted fabric (8) or the thin compacted fleece being connected with the outer fleeces by needling.
- A substrate according to Claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the knitted fabric (8) is a roughened tricot.
- A substrate according to Claim 6, characterised in that the textile support (1), in its impregnated region, consists of a fleece which is needled together with a polypropylene, polyethylene or soft PVC plastics sheet, the fibres (2) of the fleece projecting through the plastics sheet.
- A substrate according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the fleece is a carded fleece.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the textile support (1) contains high-strength fibres, particularly polyamide-based, preferably in a proportion of between 5 and 35%.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the majority of the cells of the polymeric plastics material are smaller than 125 µm.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the polymeric plastics material, at least in part, is cross-linked.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the polymeric plastics material (3) is formed from a polymeric dispersion based on butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylic, polystyrene, polyisobutylene and/or polychloroprene, or contains these polymers.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the polymeric plastics material (3) contains powdered hygroscopic admixtures, for example leather powder or cellulose powder.
- A substrate according to Claim 1, characterised in that the textile support (1) is provided with an anti-adhesive finish consisting of a layer which at least partly envelops the fibres (2) forming the support (1).
- A substrate according to Claim 18, characterised in that the layer consists of silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials or of mixtures thereof.
- A substrate according to Claim 18, characterised in that the layer consists of a substance which is soluble in a liquid, particularly water or alcohol, for example of gelatine, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, waterglass or mixtures thereof.
- A substrate according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that it has a density of less than 0.45 g/cm³.
- A substrate according to any one of Claims 1 to 21, characterised in that it is provided with an imprint on at least one surface (5).
- A substrate according to any one of Claims 1 to 22, characterised in that it is provided with a finish, preferably transparent, on at least one surface (5).
- A substrate according to any one of Claims 1 to 23, characterised in that it is provided on at least one surface (5) with a thin coating (7), preferably of polyurethane or PVC, the fibres projecting from the surface being embedded in the coating.
- A substrate according to Claim 4, characterised in that the coating has a thickness of less than 0.35 mm.
- A substrate according to Claim 24, characterised in that the non-impregnated surface (5) of the support (1) is provided with a coating (7).
- A substrate according to any one of Claims 1 to 26, characterised in that the non-abraded surface is printed with a dispersion containing hollow microspheres.
- A method for manufacturing a nubuck-leather-like or suede-like substrate, where a foam (3) is formed from an aqueous plastics dispersion by the stirring-in or beating-in of air, this foam (3) being introduced into a textile support (1) in such a way that it penetrates this textile support (1) at least in the region of its surface (5), and subsequently the textile support (1) is dried by drawing off the water, characterised in that a support (1) consisting of a fleece is used; in that the foam (3) is introduced into the textile support (1) by the action of excess pressure in such a way that, starting from a surface (5) of the textile support (1), only one region between 20% and 60% of the total thickness of the textile support (1) is impregnated, and in that subsequently the said surface (5) is abraded in such a way that the fibres (2) of the fleece in part project from the impregnated surface (5).
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the aqueous plastics dispersion foamed by incorporation of air is mixed with hollow microspheres (4) made of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinylidene chloride, or compact particles of a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinylidene chloride, containing an expanding agent, the compact particles being formed in situ into hollow microspheres (4) by addition of heat.
- A method according to Claim 29, characterised in that the aqueous plastics dispersion is exposed to heat-sensitive means, for example by using a substance such as polyvinyl methyl ether.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the aqueous plastics dispersion is adjusted to a pH value which differs from the pH value of the textile support (1) or of the fibres (2) forming the textile support.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the textile support (1) or the fibres (2) forming the textile support, before the aqueous plastics dispersion is incorporated therein, is/are provided with a coating of water-repellent material, e.g. silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials or mixtures thereof.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the textile support (1) or the fibres (2) forming the textile support, before the aqueous plastics dispersion is incorporated, is provided with a coating of a substance which is soluble on the action of a liquid, e.g. water or alcohol, and that, during or after the compacting of the foam, this substance is at least partly removed again by the action of the said liquid.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the textile support (1) or the fibres (2) forming the textile support is/are impregnated with a solution, emulsion or dispersion containing a solid which is soluble in a liquid, or with a gel.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the impregnated support (1), after it has been dried, is subjected to a chemical treatment, e.g. by hot water, or, preferably with the simultaneous application of heat, to a mechanical treatment, e.g. by stretching, elongation and/or tumbling.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the increase in thickness of the textile support (1) is removed by the abrasive treatment after the plastics dispersion has dried.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the impregnated support (1) is embossed and compacted, at least on one surface, during action of pressure and heat.
- A method according to Claim 28, characterised in that the impregnated support (1) is printed, preferably with a printing ink containing, as a binding agent, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester or polyurethane.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87890047T ATE69074T1 (en) | 1986-03-15 | 1987-03-11 | NUBUK OR. SUEDE-LIKE SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19863608781 DE3608781A1 (en) | 1986-03-15 | 1986-03-15 | Leatherlike or velourlike substrate and manufacture thereof |
DE3608781 | 1986-03-15 | ||
DE3628302 | 1986-08-21 | ||
DE19863628302 DE3628302A1 (en) | 1986-08-21 | 1986-08-21 | Leatherlike or velvetlike substrate and manufacture thereof |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0238476A2 EP0238476A2 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
EP0238476A3 EP0238476A3 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
EP0238476B1 true EP0238476B1 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
Family
ID=25842024
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19870890047 Expired - Lifetime EP0238476B1 (en) | 1986-03-15 | 1987-03-11 | Nubuk or velvety leather support, and process for its preparation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4740407A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0238476B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0686708B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE69074T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3774154D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2000118T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3436751C2 (en) * | 1984-10-06 | 1987-04-02 | Philipp 3000 Hannover Schaefer | Device for preparing split leather |
US5545449A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1996-08-13 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Polyether-reinforced fiber-based materials |
US5310590A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1994-05-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Stitchbonded articles |
US6004492A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1999-12-21 | Compsys, Inc. | Method of making composite spring and damper units |
DE29609848U1 (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1996-08-22 | Lohmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 56567 Neuwied | Conveyor belt for food |
US6838147B2 (en) | 1998-01-12 | 2005-01-04 | Mannington Mills, Inc. | Surface covering backing containing polymeric microspheres and processes of making the same |
DE19859871A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-06-29 | Trevira Gmbh & Co Kg | Suede-like textile fabric |
TWI228522B (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2005-03-01 | Fuji Spinning Co Ltd | Urethane molded products for polishing pad and method for making same |
US20030060110A1 (en) * | 1999-12-24 | 2003-03-27 | Desai Dilipkumar R. | Expanded extruded polymeric textile |
US20020197442A1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2002-12-26 | Wyner Daniel M. | Insulating fabrics |
DE10132255A1 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-23 | Achter Viktor Gmbh & Co Kg | Artificial suede and a manufacturing process therefor |
US20030198822A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-23 | Phillipp Schaefer | Leather assembly and method of fabricating a leather assembly |
DE10231453A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-02-12 | Viktor Achter Gmbh & Co Kg | Imitation leather with polyurethane coating |
US20040177483A1 (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-16 | Su Yue Chu | Method for forming counterfeit-deer-texture fabrics |
AT8974U1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-03-15 | Schaefer Philipp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR APPLYING A COATING ON AT LEAST ONE PAGE OF A LEATHER, AND COATED LEATHER PRODUCED BY SUCH A METHOD |
EP2287395B1 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2019-03-06 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Leather-like sheet having excellent grip performance and artificial leather product using the same |
DE102008026968A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-24 | Entwicklungsgesellschaft für Akustik (EfA) mit beschränkter Haftung | Suede carpet with tufted surface |
KR200450156Y1 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2010-09-08 | 한서실업(주) | suede-type tricot warp knitted fabric impregnated by polyurethane resin |
CO2016005772A1 (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-19 | Moreno Munetones Enrique Alejandro | Knitted non-woven textile with expanded micro-spheres and manufacturing method |
KR101983443B1 (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-05-29 | (주)엘지하우시스 | Artificial leather using aqueous polyurethane and Manufacturing Method thereof |
CN109505065A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-22 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of photochromic nano tunica fibrosa and preparation method thereof |
WO2023204085A1 (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-10-26 | 旭化成株式会社 | Artificial leather, and vehicle interior skin material including same |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE636018A (en) * | 1962-08-13 | 1900-01-01 | ||
BE793340A (en) * | 1971-12-27 | 1973-06-27 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF THIN POROUS TEXTILE PRODUCTS PRESENTING A GRAIN SIMILAR TO LEATHER |
DE2337912A1 (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1975-02-20 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Leather substitute from non-woven material - with adhesive enriched progressively from one face giving light coating only to external fibres |
JPS519702A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-01-26 | Sanyo Chemical Ind Ltd | SUEEDOCHOGOSEIHIKAKUNO SEIZOHOHO |
US4045598A (en) * | 1976-05-06 | 1977-08-30 | Milliken Research Corporation | Coating method and apparatus |
DE2716923A1 (en) * | 1977-04-16 | 1978-10-19 | Girmes Werke Ag | Imitation chamois leather - is mfd. by precipitating soln. of polyurethane and di:methyl:formamide in pile fabric, drying and grinding surfaces |
DE2831601C2 (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1982-12-16 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka | Suede-like artificial leather with a pile cover made of acrylic fibers, as well as processes for the production of the latter |
JPS5711280A (en) * | 1980-06-25 | 1982-01-20 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Suede like artificial leather |
DE3117721C2 (en) * | 1981-05-05 | 1983-02-24 | Schaefer, Helmut, 20023 Cerro Maggiore | Suede artificial leather and process for its manufacture |
DE3313681C2 (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1986-02-13 | Konrad Hornschuch Ag, 7119 Weissbach | Process for the production of a textile composite and its use |
JPS60246878A (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1985-12-06 | Tachikawa Spring Co Ltd | Pattern-printed leather |
-
1987
- 1987-03-11 ES ES87890047T patent/ES2000118T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-11 AT AT87890047T patent/ATE69074T1/en active
- 1987-03-11 DE DE8787890047T patent/DE3774154D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-11 EP EP19870890047 patent/EP0238476B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-16 US US07/026,484 patent/US4740407A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-16 JP JP6087487A patent/JPH0686708B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2000118T3 (en) | 1992-05-16 |
EP0238476A3 (en) | 1989-04-05 |
JPS6399378A (en) | 1988-04-30 |
JPH0686708B2 (en) | 1994-11-02 |
DE3774154D1 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
US4740407A (en) | 1988-04-26 |
EP0238476A2 (en) | 1987-09-23 |
ES2000118A4 (en) | 1987-12-16 |
ATE69074T1 (en) | 1991-11-15 |
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