DE3313681C2 - Process for the production of a textile composite and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

A textile composite material in web form is proposed from a textile composite carrier coated or impregnated with polymers commonly used for artificial leather, the carrier consisting of a fiber fleece needled with a knitted fabric. The knitted fabric consists of filament yarn, the fibers or filaments of which have a titer of 40 to 170 dtex. The knitted fabric is embedded between at least two fleece layers and needled with them from the fleece side. The textile composite is preferably used as an upper material for sports and leisure shoes.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a by the wet coagulation process with for Synthetic leather commonly used polymers coated or impregnated web-shaped textile composite, at which a knitted fabric made of filament yarn is connected on both sides with at least one needle-punched fiber fleece layer from the fleece side to a textile composite carrier and this carrier is then coated or impregnated, as well as the use of a fabricated textile composite.

Such a method is known from DE-AS 27 03 654, the fiber fleece layers used from very special thread bundles and single threads are formed: First 100 single threads with a titer of 0.2 dtex joined to form thread bundles with a filter of 22 dtex each.

In each case 2000 of these thread bundles are then combined to form a cable with a filter of 44 444 dtex. That Cable is cut into staple fibers 10 mm in length, which are suspended in water and coated with polyacrylamide be sliced up. The sheet formed from this slurry on a Fourdrinier machine provides that "Rohvlles" used as starting material in the known processes (cf. column 17, example 1). According to a variant of the known method, this raw fleece is made into a "real" fleece by needling converted, i.e. pre-needled. The pre-needled fiber fleece layers are then closed with a knitted fabric connected to a textile composite beam in a hydrodynamic way (see. Column 13, lines 32 to 54 and Column 17, cell 56 to column 18, cell 17).

If you now replace the hydrodynamic bond of the fiber fleece layers to the in this known method Knitted by a needle process (see. Column 20, Verglelchsbeisplel 2), so obtained after the coating with Polyurethane after the wet coagulation process is a product with a tensile strength of converted 230.5 N / 5 cm in the warp or 196.2 N / 5 cm in the weft and a tear strength of the equivalent of 20.6 N in the chain and 18.6 N in the weft (see column 20, cells 28 to 33). These values are so bad that that Product is unusable as artificial leather (see. Column 20, cell 48).

In another variant of the method described in DE-AS 27 03 654 (see column 24/25, Comparative example 3) it is even impossible to get through from the raw web produced on the paper machine Needles to make a nonwoven fabric. From this the expert had to draw the conclusion that it is impossible to connect pre-needled nonwovens with needles with a knitted fabric to form a textile composite material with properties that make it suitable for the production of artificial leather and in particular for the production of upper material for sports and sports equipment Make outdoor shoes suitable.

From DE-PS 14 69 575 a method for the production of an artificial leather, thus also a web-shaped textile composite, is known, in which a textile composite carrier after the wet coagulation process is coated. The carrier is made by needling a non-pre-needled non-pre-needled nonwoven layer or a likewise non-pre-needled nonwoven layer made of carded fibers onto a surface of a fabric or knitted fabric, the needling exclusively from the free side of the fabric or knitted fabric is carried out. Since the polymer solution in the known method is only on one side, namely the Free tissue or Gewlikeselte of the carrier is applied, this well-known artificial leather has two entirely different surfaces, namely a "plastic side", the top layer of which consists exclusively of that for the Coating or impregnation used polymer, and a »textile side«, the top layer consists of needle-punched non-woven fabric free from medium-sized media.

As can be seen from the examples of the above-mentioned DE-PS, the threads of the yarn from which the knitted fabric are made or tissue consists of: n parents. of 176 and 265 deniers (195.5 and 294.4 dtex), while the staple fibers those who have the fleece! have an age of 1.5 or 3.0 den (1.67 or 3.33 dtex).

This well-known synthetic leather has a very high vapor permeability, but only relatively low mechanical strengths (tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength). Since the two sides of the known artificial leather have completely different properties, the material for the production of sports and casual shoes are not very suitable by today's standards, because the fleece inside is free of binding agents mechanical injuries and, above all, completely unprotected against the ingress of water. Also the mechanical abrasion resistance is far too low on the textile side. The well-known artificial leather is therefore not as Upper material for very heavily used sports shoes, e.g. B. football shoes, and not suitable for sports shoes, which are more or less regularly soaked completely, z. B. Surf and sailing shoes.

The invention is based on the object of creating a method of the type mentioned at the beginning who succeeds in avoiding the disadvantages described, i.e. in particular creating a textile composite, which, with low weight and relatively large volume, has an expansion behavior that is as isotropic in area as possible, d. H. slight differences between those measured in the longitudinal direction and those measured in the transverse direction of the sheet-like Material measured strength values. In particular, the textile composite should be opposite the previously known material increased tear resistance, tear elongation & tear propagation resistance and puncture tear resistance own, even if a certain loss of water vapor permeability should be associated with it.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the generic method in that the filaments have a single fiber titer of 40 to 170 dtex, that a carded fleece is used as the fleece layer, which is pre-needled prior to joining with the knitted fabric, that the pre-needled carded fleece is first on a Side of the knitted fabric is placed and needled with about 70 stitches / cm ² , whereupon a further corresponding pre-needled carding fleece is needled onto the other side of the knitted fabric with about 70 stitches / cm ² , and that the textile composite carrier consisting of knitted fabric and fleece needled on both sides is a Fine needling of both seldom is subjected to ^{at least 150 stitches / cm 2 each.}

Surprisingly, the reduction of the fiber age in the knitted fabric leads to a value between 40 and 170 dtex does not reduce the mechanical strength of the textile composite, but, on the contrary, to a considerable increase in strength values. It is believed that this effect is inter alia. with the on the field side is related to needling of the fleece layers, in which the basically even finer fleece fibers in certain catfish are oriented within the knitted fabric and through the stitches of the knitted fabric.

The surface of the textile composite according to the invention are both with that used as a binder Polymer coated or impregnated, with the knitted fabric completely embedded between the Viieslagen. The textile composite therefore has no pure "plastic side" and no "textile side" free of binding agents, but two equally abrasion-resistant and tear-resistant surfaces.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, a fleece is used whose Fibers have a titer of 0.8 to 3.3 dtex. The fleece is preferably made in a manner known per se made of polyamide or polyester fibers, each of which may contain a proportion of viscose fibers can.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to the mechanical properties of the textile composite the use of a knitted fabric in a SamL fringe weave has been proven (under "weave" in this context understood the type of meshing of the knitted fabric).

The knitted fabric preferably has a weight per unit area of 50 to 150 g / m ² , while the fleece preferably has a weight per unit area of 60 to 300 g / m ² .

The knitted fabric does not necessarily have to be embedded symmetrically between the at least two Viieslagen and with these can be needled, rather it can also be embedded asymmetrically between the fleece layers. The on the one side of the knitted fleece layer can be so z. B. be twice as thick as the one on top of the other Nonwoven layer needled on the side of the knitted fabric. For some applications, one side of the Knitted two thirds, on the other side one third of the fiber weight of the total nonwoven content in the textile composite needled.

The fleece used can be produced both aerodynamically and on the card. Since an isotropic Nonwovens are not always easy to manufacture aerodynamically, carded nonwovens are becoming quite general preferred. Nonwovens placed aerodynamically on the knitted fabric become slightly wavy, which leads to differences in density and varying distances of the knitted fabric from the surfaces of the nonwoven fabric can result. If the textile composite is known per se after coating or impregnation Catfish is still sanded on the surface, exists with such an aerodynamically applied fleece Risk of the knitted fabric being damaged.

To prevent electrostatic charging and thus also to improve the needling effect can the nonwoven fibers with known means suitable for this purpose, e.g. B. polysulfonic acids or fats, be melted and then ensiled if necessary. Will be several layers of the resulting pile Placed on top of each other on the knitted fabric, the uniformity of the weight over the entire width of the Guaranteed carrier, so that even with aerodynamically formed fleeces no loss of quality Differences in thickness arise.

The fiber fleece or the individual fleece layers can also be stretched in a known manner, which is a Compression and a partial reorientation of the fibers and thus an equalization of the fiber layer results.

The fleece used is slightly pre-needled before needling onto the knitted fabric and, in the pre-needled " state, first needled onto one side of the knitted fabric. The composite ι made from these two layers is then placed on a correspondingly pre-needled second fleece and again from the fleece rope , needled to a three-layer composite until the composite can be rolled up without displacement. The composite produced in this way is then subjected to fine needling.

U DERS little fiber transporting felt needles will either needled simultaneously or sequentially with at least 150 \\ stitches per cm ² and side, preferably with about 180 stitches per cm ² and side. this causes

a reorientation of part of the fibers from the horizontal to the vertical plane, whereby the splitting strength of the composite is higher than the fiber strength, but at the same time the elastic interlocking of the carrier axis preserved.

The textile composite carrier produced in this way is then in a known manner according to the wet coagulation

f process with a polymer known for this purpose, preferably polyurethane, impregnated and solidified. Through this the result is a microporous, flexible polymer layer that is permeable to water vapor and air, the surface of which follows After drying, sanded in a known manner and optionally printed, sprayed, with an easy-care

Can be finished, embossed and fouled in any other known manner. Ie after finishing

the result is a textile composite with a split velor-like look, suede-like, nubuck-like or

l "Smooth leather-like look.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the examples: example 1

A warp knitted fabric made of polyamide fibers in a velvet-fringe weave with a basis weight of 110 g / m ^{2 is} used to construct the textile composite carrier, the yarn used to produce the knitted fabric consisting of 18 single threads or filaments with a titer of 78 dtex. On both sides of this knitted fabric a polyamide layer with a weight per unit area of 110 to 120 g / m ^{2 was} needled, in each case from the fleece side, the polyamide fibers of the fleece having a cut length of 40 mm and a titer 2 »of 1.7 dtex.

The fleece used for needling was slightly pre-needled. For the needling from the fleece side to the knitted fabric, felting needles were used, which ensure both a sufficient connection and a uniform surface structure, so that no more »needle streets« can be seen on the resulting composite. The composite produced in this way was then placed with the knitted side onto a second, appropriately pre-needled fleece, the second fleece in turn being needled from the fleece side and thus in the direction of the first needling in the opposite direction onto the knitted-fleece composite until a shift-free rolling of the textile composite carrier was possible. Both fleece layers were needled onto the knitted fabric with about 70 stitches / cm ^2.

The composite thus produced was then needled finish-, wherein both sides transported with very little fibrous Mi felting needles was carried out with about 180 stitches / cm ² and side. The resulting reorientation of part of the fibers from the horizontal to the vertical plane meant that the splitting strength of the textile composite carrier was now higher than the strength of the fibers from which the composite was made, but maintaining the elastic behavior of the knitted fabric acting as the carrier axis stayed.

The finely needled textile composite carrier was then in a manner known per se by the wet coagulation process by immersion in a polyurethane elastomer solution containing methylformamide with subsequent Displacement of the organic solvent by water and subsequent drying coated or Impregnated and solidified.

The textile composite impregnated with the polymer, which after drying is initially a thin Has a closed surface, the surface was sanded by means of a roll grinder, what 4> 'gave the material a split velor-like appearance.

Finally, the solidified textile composite was adjusted to the desired color tone by applying a grid and made dirt and grease-repellent to optimize the care properties (SCOTCH-GARD-FINISH).

The mechanical properties of the uncoated textile composite carrier and that according to this example manufactured textile composite are listed in the table.

Example 2

The textile composite carrier is produced according to Example 1 and by the wet coagulation process si! Impregnated. After coagulation solidification, the surface of the textile composite is by means of a Corresponding roller embossed and finished in such a way that a smooth leather-like appearance is created. The properties of the textile composite produced in this way are also given in the table.

Example 3

The textile composite carrier was built up in such a way that the needled nonwovens had different weights, that is to say the knitted fabric functioning as the carrier acnse was arranged asymmetrically within the textile composite carrier. For this purpose, a fleece with a basis weight of 160 g / m ^{2 was} used for the upper fleece layer, while a fleece with a basis weight of only 80 g / m ^{2 was} needled onto the back. fiii Otherwise, as indicated in Example 1, proceeded.

Example 4

In this example, a Wlrr-'is fiber fleece was used for the nonwoven layer forming the underside of the textile composite carrier, which contained a proportion of viscose fibers based on viscose absorbing moisture. Otherwise, the same procedure as in Example 1 was followed. The combination of fibers used here resulted in a Material with particularly hygienic properties.

Example 5

A warp knitted fabric made of polyamide fibers, dtex 78/18, in a velvet-fringe weave with a weight per unit area of 100 g / m ^{2 was} used to construct the textile composite carrier. A polyamide fleece formed aerodynamically on a random fleece card with a weight per unit area of 100 g / m ² , the fibers of which had a titer of!, 9 dtex and a cut length of 40 mm, was, as in Example! 1, needled on both sides with the warp knitted fabric. The fine needling of the textile composite carrier was carried out with 250 stitches / cm ² and side. The coating by the wet coagulation method and the grinding away of the thin, closed surface that had arisen after drying were again carried out as described in Example 1. Finally, the textile composite produced in this way was given a Scotchgard finish to optimize its care properties.

The mechanical properties of both the textile composite carrier and the resulting textile composite are again listed in the table.

Example 6

A warp knitted fabric, dtex 78/18, in a velvet-fringe weave and with a weight per unit area of 110 g / m ^{2 is used} as the carrier axis to produce the textile composite carrier. A random polyamide nonwoven with a weight per unit area of 100 g / m ² , the fibers of which have a titer of 1.7 dtex and a cut length of 40 mm, is needled on both sides with the warp knitted fabric, as described in Example 1. The composite produced in this way is ^{needle-punched with 160 stitches / cm 2} on each side. The coating by the wet coagulation process and the grinding away of the thin, closed surface formed after drying are carried out as described in Example 1. The mechanical properties of the resulting coated end product are listed in the table.

Like the comparison of the mechanical strengths of the textile composite produced according to the invention with in DE-AS 27 03 654 and DE-PS 14 69 575 specified strength values of the known materials shows are, in particular, tear strength and elongation at break of the textile composite produced according to the invention many times higher than with the known materials, but with a loss of water vapor permeability must be accepted. A particular advantage of the textile composite is its Area-isotropic expansion behavior in both static and elastic expansion. This can be seen from the strength values specified separately in the table for the longitudinal and transverse directions, which are make surprisingly little difference, read off directly. This area-isotropic expansion behavior makes both in the processing of the textile composite as well as z. B. when wearing shoes made from it very much beneficial noticeable. During processing, this means that when cutting, pinching and punching of holes and the like, the direction in which, for. B. is cut, relative to the web direction, does not matter plays. When processing natural leather and synthetic leather or textile composites with anisotropic On the other hand, the direction of the cut plays a decisive role in the elongation behavior. On the other hand, causes the surface isotropic expansion behavior of the textile composite that that produced according to the invention Material when wearing z. B. not only adapts shoes made from it better and easier to the foot, but that the Rückstellverrnögcn both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction is approximately the same.

The fact that the textile composite is bonded on both sides with binder makes the material in Combination with the mechanical properties described, particularly for use as a shoe upper material suitable, especially for those sports and leisure shoes that are exposed to frequent contact with Fresh or salt water should be resistant, but at the same time their softness, their flexibility and their elongation behavior in contrast to natural leather, should be retained in the long term. These properties are particular required by windsurfing, boat, sailing, soccer and handball shoes or boots. Especially windsurfing Football shoes or boots are also very heavily used on the inside. These stresses too the textile composite produced according to the invention has grown in an outstanding manner, and even if shoes made from it are also more or less inside with fresh or salt water should often be completely soaked.

The textile composite has high splitting strength, tear propagation resistance, tear strength at the same time low Weight and a relatively large volume, and it is particularly resistant to bending, which makes the known Textile composites frequently occurring buckling breakage is practically completely avoided.

The textile composite also has all the known advantages of coagulated poromeric materials on, e.g. B. water vapor permeability, water vapor storage capacity, air permeability, Sweat absorption, overall good wearing physiological behavior, and also has processing advantages such as softness, flexibility, even in the cold, cut edge strength, sharpenability, seam strength, good RF deformability, etc. Another advantage of the material is its design options, which can be adjusted from very soft to relatively stiff product classes, and the material according to known methods both via piece dyeing and fiber dyeing almost any color and in can be designed in a versatile manner in terms of surface appearance.

Another major advantage of the textile composite is that it allows direct injection on both sides of shoe soles made of plastics based on polyurethane or polyvinyl chloride allowed, with neither Tapes must be sewn in between the sole and the upper material (= textile composite) as an injection aid the previously required pre-coating with adhesion promoters is still required. The liability between the Textile composite that is used as the upper and the PU or PVC sole is excellent. the Shoe production is thereby made possible because of the properties of the textile composite produced according to the invention considerably simplified and cheaper.

The Tex til composite can not only be used as a Schuhobermaterlal, but also z. B. as trimming material, eyelet material, inner sole material, outsole material for gymnastic shoes, but also for Obtaining upholstery for the manufacture of tableware, in the field of motor vehicle interiors and generally used in helmet textiles.

Tabel

Example no .:

1

textile textile composite carrier (end product)

textile textile composite carrier (end product)

newest status

Weight g / m ²

DIN 53 352

Thickness mm

DIN 53 370

Tear strength N / 5 cm DIN 53 354

Elongation at break%

DIN 53 354

Next- N

tear strength DIN 53 356

Tear-out stitch- N

strength DIN 53 506

Static%

strain

Remaining%

strain

Martindale abrasion against fabric

Water vapor mg / cm ² h permeability

Water absorption% method: FRIENDLY

Air permeability l / h

Spaitfestigiceit N / 5 cm when gluing with commercially available Shoe glue

260 360-380 440 320 570 540 1.8-1.9 1.4 1.8 2.0-2.2 1.8 1.8 1 700 900 1200 480 750 720 q 600 900 1 100 1100 1000 1010 1 55 70 70 50 58 68 q 65 80 80 87 83 79 1 65 35 39 102 50 50 q 70 36 43 70 39 45 1 137 75 95 170 120 150 q 136 75 110 154 116 130 1 11-14 14th 3 q 18-24 - - 23 - 7th 1 1.0 - - 2 - ± 0 q 3.5 - - 4.5 - ± 0 - 15,000t (OK) - - 15,000 t (i. 0.) 20 0001 (OK) - 7.5 3.0 - 11th 31 180 210 _ 202 267

60 120

68
16Ö

180 190

Legend: 1 = lengthways; q = across

Claims (5)

Patent address: 1. A process for the production of a web-shaped textile composite coated or impregnated with polymers used for artificial leather by the wet coagulation process, in which a knitted fabric made of filament yarn is connected on both sides with at least one needle-punched fiber fleece layer from the fleece side to form a textile composite support and this support is then coated or impregnated is, characterized in that the filaments have a single fiber filter of 49 to 170 dtex, that a carded fleece is used as the fleece layer, which is pre-needled prior to joining with the knitted fabric, that the pre-needled carded fleece is first placed on one side of the knitted fabric and with about 70 stitches / cm ^{2 is} needled, whereupon another corresponding pre-needled carding fleece is needled onto the other side of the knitted fabric with about 70 stitches / cm ² , and that the textile composite carrier consisting of knitted fabric and fleece needled on both sides is a fine needling of is subjected to both sides with at least 150 stitches / cm ^{2 each.} 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fleece is used, the fibers of which have a titer of 0.8 to 3.3 dtex. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a knitted fabric in velvet-fringe-Blndung is used. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a knitted fabric with a basis weight of 50 to 150 g / m ² and a fleece with a basis weight of 60 to 300 g / m ² is used. 5. Use of the textile composite produced by the method according to one of claims 1 to 4 as an upper material for sports and leisure shoes.