EP0234360A1 - Casting mould for making ceramic articles - Google Patents

Casting mould for making ceramic articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0234360A1
EP0234360A1 EP87101606A EP87101606A EP0234360A1 EP 0234360 A1 EP0234360 A1 EP 0234360A1 EP 87101606 A EP87101606 A EP 87101606A EP 87101606 A EP87101606 A EP 87101606A EP 0234360 A1 EP0234360 A1 EP 0234360A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting mold
resin
mold according
ceramic
load
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EP87101606A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Gerster
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Keramik Holding AG Laufen
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Keramik Holding AG Laufen
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Publication of EP0234360A1 publication Critical patent/EP0234360A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/26—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
    • B28B1/261—Moulds therefor
    • B28B1/262—Mould materials; Manufacture of moulds or parts thereof
    • B28B1/263—Plastics

Definitions

  • Methods for the production of ceramic moldings are known, according to which an inorganic and / or organic material is processed as standard, which contains a liquid content of between 3 and 90% by weight, the material being introduced into a cavity located between at least two porous moldings and in the Contact with the adjacent moldings is dehumidified.
  • porous plastics such as acrylic resins, polyurethane resins and furan resins in particular have recently proven to be useful.
  • the molds produced with these materials now showed satisfactory absorption behavior in the tests carried out, but their use brought with it various other problems: -
  • These materials are relatively compressible in relation to gypsum, so that they deform under load during the work process, which leads to irregularities and rejects in the ceramic products to be produced.
  • undesirable crack formation occurs under the influence of the forces acting on the mold.
  • a relatively high closing pressure is required.
  • the forms show a relatively high and difficult to control shrinkage, which is particularly important for multi-part forms.
  • the creation of the forms requires specially trained specialist personnel.
  • two pressure plates 1 and 2 via sliding piston rods 3 and 4 are ver with a hydraulic pressure device, not shown bound.
  • two shaped bodies 5 and 6 are arranged, which enclose a cavity H.
  • Bores 7 to 10 are arranged in the shaped bodies 5 and 6 and are used in a known manner for supplying the ceramic slip and for supplying and discharging gas and water.
  • each of the two shaped bodies 5 and 6 is constructed in two parts: the shaped body 5 has a water absorption layer 11 on its side facing the cavity H, which is followed by a load bearing layer 12 on the side facing away from the cavity H. .
  • the molded body 6 also has a water absorption layer 13 facing the cavity H and a load absorption layer 14 facing away from it.
  • the water absorption layers 11 and 13 have the task of extracting the water from the slip located in the cavity H and of supplying it to a drainage network 15, 16 arranged between each water absorption layer 11, 13 and the adjacent load absorption layer 12, 14.
  • This sewer network can consist, for example, of perforated copper tubes or plastic hoses which are cast either in the water absorption layer 11, 13 or in the load absorption layer 12, 14 or in their common border zone. In the latter two cases, the load-bearing layer 12, 14 should also be porous in its part surrounding the channels, that is to say liquid-permeable.
  • the duct network 15 can be formed according to a manufacturing process, for example by inserting plastic strings that can be pulled off after the casting process.
  • the load-bearing layers 12 and 14 consist of a pressure-resistant, practically incompressible material and are intended to serve as abutments for the two water-absorbing layers 11 and 13 and thus either completely avoid their deformation or at least keep them within permissible limits. Accordingly, the load-bearing layers 12, 14 can consist, for example, of a synthetic resin-bonded quartz sand. It is known to the person skilled in the art that such a synthetic resin-bonded quartz sand can, depending on the production process (in particular depending on the percentage resin), be liquid-repelling or more or less liquid-absorbing, depending on the need.
  • the channel system 15 is not required. In this case, the water absorbed from the slip by the water absorption layers 11, 13 is discharged through the load absorption layers 12 and 14.
  • FIG. 2 shows a water absorption layer W, which with the load-bearing layer L underneath is glued by a synthetic resin K. Since both layers W and L already contain synthetic resin, this bond results in an extraordinarily good and permanent bond.
  • the enlarged representation according to FIG. 7 again shows the water absorption layer W, which is securely anchored in the load absorption layer L located below by means of anchoring elements 20 with a hammer head-shaped cross section.
  • the water absorption layer W should have a layer thickness d of 20 to 50 mm.
  • the drainage channels designated here with 21 can be designed as perforated copper tubes be. If, as shown in FIG. 7, these copper tubes lie within the load-bearing layer L, then the same must also be permeable to water in their section surrounding the tubes.
  • the tubes 21 can, however, also be arranged in the lower region of the water absorption layer W adjacent to the load absorption layer L or in the intermediate region between the two layers L and W.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 An embodiment of the same is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 8 two molded bodies 22 and 23 are clamped between two pressure plates 24 and 25 and enclose a cavity H.
  • This material consists of glass and / or ceramic particles, which are preferably spherical and, possibly using an adhesion promoter, are connected to one another by a synthetic resin.
  • the synthetic resin preferably an acrylic, polyurethane or furan resin, surrounds the individual glass or ceramic spheres 26 in a thin film 27, so that a contiguous network 28 of spaces and capillary canals is formed between adjacent spheres 26 remains free, which absorb the resulting liquid.
  • ceramic beads with a diameter between 0.1 and 0.25 mm are used and soaked in one of the synthetic resins mentioned above to increase the strength before the binder is applied.
  • the ceramic beads produced by the spray drying process are advantageously used, which are fired at a relatively low temperature of 600 to 900 ° C. and therefore have a relatively high surface porosity. The latter improves water and resin absorption and acts as an adhesion promoter during the binding process. Good results have been obtained with such porcelain or stoneware balls.

Abstract

In order to counteract the undesired compressibility of the mould material and to avoid cracking, each of the mould components (5, 6) has a water absorption layer (11, 13) which is anchored by chemical or mechanical means in an adjacent load absorption layer (12, 14). Between the two layers, a channel system (15, 16) is located, through which the water removed in the cavity (H) from the ceramic slip is discharged. The particular water absorption layer (11, 13) consists preferably of a porous plastic resin (for example acrylic resin, polyurethane resin or furan resin), while the load absorption parts (12, 14) can be produced from resin-bonded quartz sand. According to a further embodiment, each of the two mould components (5, 6) can, instead of having a multi-layer structure, also be produced from a single material which consists of synthetic resin-bonded beads of glass and/or ceramics. The synthetic resin bonding is here selected such that a fine-pored capillary network capable of absorbing water remains between the individual adjoining beads. The new casting mould can be used with the advantage of considerable cost savings for the mass production of sanitary ceramic components. <IMAGE>

Description

Es sind Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Formlinge bekannt, gemäss welchen serienmässig ein an­organisches und/oder organisches Material verarbeitet wird, das einen Flüssigkeitsanteil zwischen 3 und 90 Gew.-% enthält, wobei das Material in einen zwischen mindestens zwei porösen Formkörpern befindlichen Hohl­raum eingebracht und im Kontakt mit den angrenzenden Formkörpern entfeuchtet wird.Methods for the production of ceramic moldings are known, according to which an inorganic and / or organic material is processed as standard, which contains a liquid content of between 3 and 90% by weight, the material being introduced into a cavity located between at least two porous moldings and in the Contact with the adjacent moldings is dehumidified.

Um den früher fast ausschliesslich verwendeten Gips durch ein haltbareres, wiederverwendbares Material zu ersetzen, das neben seiner erhöhten Lebensdauer auch eine glatte Oberfläche und gleichmässige Porenstruktur im Mikrobereich aufwies, wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, den Gips durch poröse Materialien wie Sintermetall oder speziell geeignete Kunststoffe zu ersetzen.In order to replace the gypsum that was previously used almost exclusively with a more durable, reusable material that, in addition to its increased service life, also had a smooth surface and uniform pore structure in the micro range, it has already been proposed to replace the gypsum with porous materials such as sintered metal or specially suitable plastics.

Als solche Ersatzmaterialien für Gips haben sich in letzter Zeit insbesondere poröse Kunststoffe wie z.B. Acrylharze, Polyurethanharze und Furanharze als zweckmässig erwiesen. Die mit diesen Materialien herge­stellten Giessformen zeigten nun bei den durchgeführten Versuchen ein zufriedenstellendes Absorptionsverhalten, doch brachte deren Verwendung verschiedene andere Probleme mit sich:
- Diese Materialien sind im Verhältnis zu Gips relativ kompressibel, so dass sie sich während des Arbeitsvorganges unter Last verformen, was zu Unregelmässigkeiten und Ausschuss bei den herzustellenden Keramikprodukten führt.
- Infolge der Kompressibilität des Materiales entstehen unter dem Einfluss der auf die Form einwirkenden Kräfte unerwünschte Rissbildungen.
- Im Hinblick auf die erforderliche Abdichtung im Grenzbereich der beiden Formhälften ist ein re­lativ hoher Schliessdruck erforderlich.
- Die Formen zeigen eine relativ hohe und schwer kontrollierbare Schwindung, was insbesondere bei Mehrteilformen ins Gewicht fällt.
- Die Erstellung der Formen erfordert speziell geschultes Fachpersonal.As such substitute materials for gypsum, porous plastics such as acrylic resins, polyurethane resins and furan resins in particular have recently proven to be useful. The molds produced with these materials now showed satisfactory absorption behavior in the tests carried out, but their use brought with it various other problems:
- These materials are relatively compressible in relation to gypsum, so that they deform under load during the work process, which leads to irregularities and rejects in the ceramic products to be produced.
- As a result of the compressibility of the material, undesirable crack formation occurs under the influence of the forces acting on the mold.
- With regard to the required sealing in the border area of the two mold halves, a relatively high closing pressure is required.
- The forms show a relatively high and difficult to control shrinkage, which is particularly important for multi-part forms.
- The creation of the forms requires specially trained specialist personnel.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Er­findung, die erwähnten Nachteile der Giessformen zu be­heben und eine neuartige Giessform vorzuschlagen, welche einerseits die erforderliche Filtrierfunktion (Wasserauf­nahme) voll erfüllt, andererseits aber dank ihrer erhöhten Festigkeit unerwünschte Verformungen und deren negative Konsequenzen zu vermeiden gestattet.It is therefore the object of the present invention to remedy the disadvantages of the casting molds and to propose a novel casting mold which, on the one hand, fully fulfills the required filtering function (water absorption), but on the other hand, thanks to its increased strength, allows undesired deformations and their negative consequences to be avoided.

Die den Gegenstand der Erfindung bildende Giess­form ist in den beiden unabhängigen Patentansprüchen 1 und 7 definiert. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The casting mold forming the subject of the invention is in the two independent patent claims 1 and 7 defined. Preferred embodiments result from the dependent claims.

Nachstehend wird anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Giessform einschliesslich einiger Konstruktionsvarianten erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 ist eine vereinfachte Schnittdarstellung einer aus zwei Formhälften bestehenden Giessform,
  • Fig. 2 bis 6 zeigen verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Verankerung der Wasseraufnahme­schicht in der angrenzenden Lastauf­nahmeschicht,
  • Fig. 7 zeigt in schematischer Form anhand eines Teilschnittes eine Möglichkeit der praktischen Ausführung,
  • Fig. 8 veranschaulicht eine weitere Ausführungs­variante anhand einer Schnittdarstellung und
  • Fig. 9 zeigt die Struktur des in der Ausfüh­rungsform nach Fig. 8 verwendeten Form­materiales.
An exemplary embodiment of the casting mold according to the invention, including some construction variants, is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing.
  • 1 is a simplified sectional view of a mold consisting of two mold halves,
  • 2 to 6 show different possibilities for anchoring the water absorption layer in the adjacent load absorption layer,
  • 7 shows a possibility of practical implementation in schematic form on the basis of a partial section,
  • 8 illustrates a further embodiment variant on the basis of a sectional illustration and
  • Fig. 9 shows the structure of the molding material used in the embodiment of Fig. 8.

Gemäss Figur 1 sind zwei Anpressplatten 1 und 2 über gleitend gelagerte Kolbenstangen 3 und 4 mit einer nicht dargestellten hydraulischen Anpressvorrichtung ver­ bunden. Zwischen den beiden Anpressplatten 1 und 2 sind zwei Formkörper 5 und 6 angeordnet, die einen Hohlraum H umschliessen. In den Formkörpern 5 und 6 sind Bohrungen 7 bis 10 angeordnet, welche in bekann­ter Weise zur Zufuhr des Keramikschlickers sowie zur Zu- und Ableitung von Gas und Wasser dienen.According to Figure 1, two pressure plates 1 and 2 via sliding piston rods 3 and 4 are ver with a hydraulic pressure device, not shown bound. Between the two pressure plates 1 and 2, two shaped bodies 5 and 6 are arranged, which enclose a cavity H. Bores 7 to 10 are arranged in the shaped bodies 5 and 6 and are used in a known manner for supplying the ceramic slip and for supplying and discharging gas and water.

Wie Figur 1 ferner zeigt, ist jeder der beiden Formkörpern 5 und 6 zweiteilig aufgebaut: So weist der Formkörper 5 an seiner dem Hohlraum H zugewandten Seite eine Wasseraufnahmeschicht 11 auf, an welche sich - auf der dem Hohlraum H abgewandten Seite - eine Lastaufnahme­schicht 12 anschliesst. In ähnlicher Weise besitzt auch der Formkörper 6 eine dem Hohlraum H zugewandte Wasser­aufnahmeschicht 13 und eine demselben abgewandte Lastauf­nahmeschicht 14.As FIG. 1 also shows, each of the two shaped bodies 5 and 6 is constructed in two parts: the shaped body 5 has a water absorption layer 11 on its side facing the cavity H, which is followed by a load bearing layer 12 on the side facing away from the cavity H. . Similarly, the molded body 6 also has a water absorption layer 13 facing the cavity H and a load absorption layer 14 facing away from it.

Die Wasseraufnahmeschichten 11 und 13 haben die Aufgabe, dem im Hohlraum H befindlichen Schlicker das Wasser zu entziehen und einem zwischen jeder Wasserauf­nahmeschicht 11, 13 und der angrenzenden Lastaufnahme­schicht 12, 14 angeordneten, der Entwässerung dienenden Kanalnetz 15, 16 zuzuführen. Dieses Kanalnetz kann bei­spielsweise aus gelochten Kupferröhrchen oder Kunststoff­schläuchen bestehen, welche entweder in die Wasseraufnahme­schicht 11, 13 oder in die Lastaufnahmeschicht 12, 14 oder in deren gemeinsame Grenzzone eingegossen sind. In den beiden letzteren Fällen sollte die Lastaufnahmeschicht 12, 14 in ihrem die Kanäle umgebenden Teil ebenfalls porös, d.h. flüssigkeitsdurchlässig sein.The water absorption layers 11 and 13 have the task of extracting the water from the slip located in the cavity H and of supplying it to a drainage network 15, 16 arranged between each water absorption layer 11, 13 and the adjacent load absorption layer 12, 14. This sewer network can consist, for example, of perforated copper tubes or plastic hoses which are cast either in the water absorption layer 11, 13 or in the load absorption layer 12, 14 or in their common border zone. In the latter two cases, the load-bearing layer 12, 14 should also be porous in its part surrounding the channels, that is to say liquid-permeable.

Das Kanalnetz 15 kann gemäss einem Herstellungs­verfahren beispielsweise durch Einlegen von Plastik­schnürchen gebildet werden, die sich nach dem Giessvor­gang abziehen lassen.The duct network 15 can be formed according to a manufacturing process, for example by inserting plastic strings that can be pulled off after the casting process.

Die Lastaufnahmeschichten 12 und 14 bestehen aus einem druckfesten, praktisch inkompressiblen Material und sollen den beiden Wasseraufnahmeschichten 11 und 13 als Widerlager dienen und damit deren Verformung entweder ganz vermeiden oder doch innerhalb zulässiger Grenzen halten. Dementsprechend können die Lastaufnahmeschichten 12, 14 beispielsweise aus einem kunstharzgebundenen Quarzsand bestehen. Es ist dem Fachmann bekannt, dass ein solcher kunstharzgebundener Quarzsand je nach Her­stellungsverfahren (insbesondere in Abhängigkeit vom prozentualen Harzanteil) dem Bedarfsfalle entsprechend flüssigkeitsabstossend oder mehr oder weniger flüssig­keitsabsorbierend sein kann. Wird ein solches flüssig­keitsabsorbierendes Material verwendet, bei welchem die Quarzkörner lediglich an ihren gegenseitigen Berührungs­stellen miteinander verklebt sind und zahlreiche Poren offenlassen, dann ist das Kanalsystem 15 nicht erforder­lich. Das von den Wasseraufnahmeschichten 11, 13 aus dem Schlicker aufgenommene Wasser wird in diesem Falle durch die Lastaufnahmeschichten 12 und 14 abgeleitet.The load-bearing layers 12 and 14 consist of a pressure-resistant, practically incompressible material and are intended to serve as abutments for the two water-absorbing layers 11 and 13 and thus either completely avoid their deformation or at least keep them within permissible limits. Accordingly, the load-bearing layers 12, 14 can consist, for example, of a synthetic resin-bonded quartz sand. It is known to the person skilled in the art that such a synthetic resin-bonded quartz sand can, depending on the production process (in particular depending on the percentage resin), be liquid-repelling or more or less liquid-absorbing, depending on the need. If such a liquid-absorbing material is used, in which the quartz grains are only glued to one another at their mutual contact points and leave numerous pores open, then the channel system 15 is not required. In this case, the water absorbed from the slip by the water absorption layers 11, 13 is discharged through the load absorption layers 12 and 14.

Die Bindung der Wasseraufnahmeschichten 11 und 13 an die jeweils benachbarten Lastaufnahmeschichten 12 und 14 kann beispielsweise auf chemischen Wege durch Kunstharzkleber oder mit mechanischen Mitteln erfolgen. Figur 2 zeigt eine Wasseraufnahmeschicht W, welche mit der darunter befindlichen Lastaufnahmeschicht L durch ein Kunstharz K verklebt ist. Da beide Schichten W und L bereits kunstharzhaltig sind, ergibt diese Ver­klebung eine ausserordentlich gute und dauerhafte Bin­dung.The binding of the water absorption layers 11 and 13 to the respectively adjacent load absorption layers 12 and 14 can take place, for example, chemically by synthetic resin adhesive or by mechanical means. Figure 2 shows a water absorption layer W, which with the load-bearing layer L underneath is glued by a synthetic resin K. Since both layers W and L already contain synthetic resin, this bond results in an extraordinarily good and permanent bond.

Figur 3 bis 6 zeigen verschiedene Möglich­keiten der mechanischen Verankerung, die aber vom Fach­mann ohne weiteres durch weitere Varianten ergänzt wer­den können. Die ausgewählten Beispiele zeigen gemäss

  • - Fig. 3 eine Verbindung mittels untergriffigen Elementen, die nach Art schwalbenschwanz­förmiger Nuten 16a, 16b ineinander ver­gossen sind,
  • - Fig. 4 eine Verbindung mittels Schrauben 17,
  • - Fig. 5 ineinandergreifende Elemente 18 und 19, wobei hier die Wasseraufnahmeschicht W um den Umfang der Lastaufnahmeschicht L herumgezogen ist,
  • - Fig. 6 eine Verbindung mittels schraubenlinien­förmiger Stahldrahtelemente, z.B. Stahl­federn F.
FIGS. 3 to 6 show different possibilities for mechanical anchoring, which, however, can easily be supplemented by further variants by a person skilled in the art. The selected examples show according to
  • 3 shows a connection by means of gripping elements which are cast into one another in the manner of dovetail-shaped grooves 16a, 16b,
  • 4 shows a connection by means of screws 17,
  • 5 interlocking elements 18 and 19, in which case the water absorption layer W is drawn around the circumference of the load absorption layer L,
  • 6 shows a connection by means of helical steel wire elements, for example steel springs F.

Die vergrösserte Darstellung gemäss Figur 7 zeigt wiederum die Wasseraufnahmeschicht W, welche mittels Verankerungselementen 20 von hammerkopfförmigem Quer­schnitt in der darunter befindlichen Lastaufnahmeschicht L sicher verankert ist. Die Wasseraufnahmeschicht W sollte je nach Einzelfall eine Schichtdicke d von 20 bis 50 mm haben. Die hier mit 21 bezeichneten Entwässe­rungskanäle können als gelochte Kupferröhrchen ausgebildet sein. Falls diese Kupferröhrchen, wie in Figur 7 ge­zeigt, innerhalb der Lastaufnahmeschicht L liegen, so muss dieselbe in ihrem die Röhrchen umgebenden Abschnitt ebenfalls wasserdurchlässig sein. Die Röhrchen 21 können aber auch im unteren, der Lastaufnahmeschicht L benach­barten Bereich der Wasseraufnahmeschicht W oder im Zwi­schenbereich zwischen den beiden Schichten L und W ange­ordnet sein.The enlarged representation according to FIG. 7 again shows the water absorption layer W, which is securely anchored in the load absorption layer L located below by means of anchoring elements 20 with a hammer head-shaped cross section. Depending on the individual case, the water absorption layer W should have a layer thickness d of 20 to 50 mm. The drainage channels designated here with 21 can be designed as perforated copper tubes be. If, as shown in FIG. 7, these copper tubes lie within the load-bearing layer L, then the same must also be permeable to water in their section surrounding the tubes. The tubes 21 can, however, also be arranged in the lower region of the water absorption layer W adjacent to the load absorption layer L or in the intermediate region between the two layers L and W.

Die Vermeidung der eingangs erwähnten, den bekannten Giessformen anhaftenden Nachteile lässt sich jedoch noch auf einem weiteren Wege erzielen. Eine Aus­führungsform desselben zeigen die Figuren 8 und 9.However, the avoidance of the disadvantages mentioned at the outset which are inherent in the known casting molds can be achieved in a further way. An embodiment of the same is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

Auch in Figur 8 sind wiederum zwei Formkörper 22 und 23 zwischen zwei Anpressplatten 24 und 25 einge­spannt und umschliessen einen Hohlraum H. Im Gegensatz zur Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 bis 7 ist jedoch hier jeder Formkörper nicht mehrschichtig ausgebildet, sondern besteht aus einem Material, das die doppelte Funktion der Wasseraufnahme und Lastabstützung übernimmt. Dieses Material besteht aus Glas- und/oder Keramikpartikeln, welche vorzugsweise kugelförmig und, eventuell unter Ver­wendung eines Haftvermittlers, durch ein Kunstharz mit­einander verbunden sind. Wie die vergrösserte Darstellung der Figur 9 zeigt, umgibt das Kunstharz, vorzugsweise ein Acryl-, Polyurethan- oder Furanharz, die einzelne Glas- oder Keramikkügelchen 26 in einem dünnen Film 27, so dass zwischen aneinandergrenzenden Kügelchen 26 ein zusammen­hängendes Netz 28 von Zwischenräumen und Kapillarkanälchen frei bleibt, welche die anfallende Flüssigkeit aufsaugen.Also in FIG. 8, two molded bodies 22 and 23 are clamped between two pressure plates 24 and 25 and enclose a cavity H. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIGS takes over dual function of water absorption and load support. This material consists of glass and / or ceramic particles, which are preferably spherical and, possibly using an adhesion promoter, are connected to one another by a synthetic resin. As the enlarged illustration in FIG. 9 shows, the synthetic resin, preferably an acrylic, polyurethane or furan resin, surrounds the individual glass or ceramic spheres 26 in a thin film 27, so that a contiguous network 28 of spaces and capillary canals is formed between adjacent spheres 26 remains free, which absorb the resulting liquid.

Bei einer Ausführungsvariante werden Keramik­kügelchen mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 0,1 und 0,25 mm verwendet und vor Aufbringung des Bindemittels zur Er­höhung der Festigkeit in einem der bereits genannten Kunstharze getränkt. Hierzu werden vorteilhafterweise die nach dem Sprühtrocknungsverfahren erstellten Kera­mikkügelchen verwendet, welche bei relativ niedriger Temperatur von 600 bis 900°C gebrannt werden und daher eine relativ hohe Oberflächenporosität besitzen. Letztere verbessert die Wasser- und Harzaufnahme und übt beim Bindevorgang eine Haftvermittlerfunktion aus. Mit sol­chen Kügelchen aus Porzellan- oder Steinzeugmasse wur­den gute Resultate erzielt.In one embodiment, ceramic beads with a diameter between 0.1 and 0.25 mm are used and soaked in one of the synthetic resins mentioned above to increase the strength before the binder is applied. For this purpose, the ceramic beads produced by the spray drying process are advantageously used, which are fired at a relatively low temperature of 600 to 900 ° C. and therefore have a relatively high surface porosity. The latter improves water and resin absorption and acts as an adhesion promoter during the binding process. Good results have been obtained with such porcelain or stoneware balls.

Bei Verwendung der anhand der Figuren 1 bis 9 beschriebenen Giessformen ergeben sich die folgenden Vorteile, welche insbesondere bei der Massenfabrikation von Sanitärkeramikteilen ins Gewicht fallen:

  • a) Es können ca. 80 % des teuren, porösen Kunst­stoffmateriales eingespart werden.
  • b) Da gegenüber dem bisher verwendeten Verfahren die Aluminiumplatten, Stahlrahmen, Armierungs­schrauben sowie Bohr- und Fräserarbeiten ent­fallen, ergibt sich hierdurch eine weitere be­trächtliche Kostenersparnis.
  • c) In Anbetracht des geringeren Schliessdruckes ergibt sich eine verbesserte Lösung für die gegenseitige Dichtung der beiden Formenhälften.
  • d) Da sich die Formkörper nur noch im Dichtflächen­bereich und nicht mehr ihrer Gesamtgeometrie entsprechend verformen, ergibt sich eine redu­zierte Gefahr für die Rissbildung.
  • e) Die auftretende Schwindung wird vermindert und kontrollierbar, was insbesondere bei Mehrteil­formen von grosser Bedeutung ist und
  • f) Die neuen Formen können nach einer gewissen An­lernzeit von den vorhandenen Modelleuren gefer­tigt werden.
When using the casting molds described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9, the following advantages result, which are particularly important in the mass production of sanitary ceramic parts:
  • a) About 80% of the expensive, porous plastic material can be saved.
  • b) Since the aluminum plates, steel frames, reinforcing screws and drilling and milling work are no longer required compared to the previously used method, this results in a further considerable cost saving.
  • c) In view of the lower closing pressure, there is an improved solution for the mutual sealing of the two mold halves.
  • d) Since the shaped bodies only deform in the sealing surface area and no longer in accordance with their overall geometry, there is a reduced risk of cracking.
  • e) The shrinkage that occurs is reduced and controllable, which is particularly important in the case of multi-part shapes and
  • f) The new molds can be manufactured by the existing modellers after a certain training period.

Claims (12)

1. Giessform zur Erstellung von Keramikkörpern, mit mindestens zwei einen Hohlraum umschliessenden Form­körpern, welche mit Bohrungen für die Zufuhr von Keramik­schlicker sowie die Zu- oder Ableitung von Gas oder Flüssigkeit versehen und dazu bestimmt sind, während des Arbeitsvorganges in einer Anpressvorrichtung an einer ge­meinsamen Dichtfläche gegeneinander gepresst zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Formkörper (5, 6) an seiner dem genannten Hohlraum (H) zugewandten Seite eine Wasseraufnahmeschicht (11, 13, W) aus einem feinporösen Kunststoff aufweist, an welche sich auf deren dem Hohl­raum (H) abgewandter Seite eine der Kräfteaufnahme dienen­de Lastaufnahmeschicht (12, 14, L) höherer Druckfestigkeit und geringerer Kompressibilität anschliesst, in welcher die Wasseraufnahmeschicht durch chemische oder mechanische Bindung verankert ist.1. Casting mold for the production of ceramic bodies, with at least two molded bodies enclosing a cavity, which are provided with bores for the supply of ceramic slip and the supply or discharge of gas or liquid and are intended for this purpose during the working process in a pressing device on a common sealing surface to be pressed against one another, characterized in that each molded body (5, 6) has on its side facing said cavity (H) a water absorption layer (11, 13, W) made of a fine-porous plastic, on which the cavity (H ) on the opposite side is connected to a load-bearing layer (12, 14, L) which serves to absorb the forces and has higher compressive strength and lower compressibility, in which the water-absorbing layer is anchored by chemical or mechanical bonding. 2. Giessform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Lastaufnahmeschicht (12, 14, L) aus einem grobporösen und flüssigkeitsabsorptionsfähigen Material besteht.2. Casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing layer (12, 14, L) consists of a coarse porous and liquid-absorbent material. 3. Giessform nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Lastaufnahmeschicht (12, 14, L) aus Polymerbeton oder harzgebundenem Quarzsand besteht, wobei der Harzanteil so gering gehalten ist, dass zwischen aneinandergrenzenden Harzpartikeln der Flüssigkeits­aufnahme dienende Freiräume verbleiben.3. Casting mold according to claim 2, characterized in that the load-bearing layer (12, 14, L) consists of polymer concrete or resin-bound quartz sand, wherein the proportion of resin is kept so low that free spaces serving liquid absorption remain between adjoining resin particles. 4. Giessform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Lastaufnahmeschicht (12, 14, L) aus einem praktisch nicht flüssigkeitsabsorptionsfähigen Material erstellt ist und im Grenzbereich zwischen Was­seraufnahmeschicht und Lastaufnahmeschicht ein der Ent­wässerung dienendes Kanalnetz (15) eingearbeitet ist.4. Casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the load-bearing layer (12, 14, L) is made of a practically non-liquid-absorbent material and in the border area between the water-absorbing layer and the load-bearing layer a drainage network (15) is incorporated. 5. Giessform nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass das Kanalnetz (15) durch eingegossene, allseitig gelochte Schläuche oder Röhrchen gebildet wird.5. Casting mold according to claim 4, characterized in that the channel network (15) is formed by cast-in hoses or tubes perforated on all sides. 6. Giessform nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lastaufnahmeschicht (12, 14, L) aus einem hochfesten, nicht flüssigkeitsabsorbierenden Material gebildet ist, das auf seiner der Wasseraufnahme­schicht (11, 13, W) zugewandten Seite in eine grobporöse, flüssigkeitsabsorbierende Schicht übergeht, in welche das Kanalnetz (15) eingebettet ist.6. Casting mold according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the load-bearing layer (12, 14, L) is formed from a high-strength, non-liquid-absorbing material which on its side facing the water-absorbing layer (11, 13, W) into a coarse-pored, liquid-absorbing layer passes into which the sewer network (15) is embedded. 7. Giessform zur Erstellung von Keramikkörpern, mit mindestens zwei einen Hohlraum umschliessenden Form­körpern, welche mit Bohrungen für die Zufuhr von Keramik­schlicker sowie für die Zu- und Ableitung von Gas oder Wasser versehen und dazu bestimmt sind, während des Ar­beitsvorganges in einer Anpressvorrichtung an einer ge­meinsamen Dichtfläche gegeneinander gepresst zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Formkörper (22, 23) mindestens in seinem dem Hohlraum (H) zugewandten Ab­schnitt aus Glas- und/oder Keramikpartikeln (26) ge­bildet ist, welche an ihren gemeinsamen Berührungsflä­chen durch ein Bindemittel (27) unter Bildung einer porösen, flüssigkeitsaufnahmefähigen Struktur mitein­ander verbunden sind (Fig. 7 und 8).7. Casting mold for the production of ceramic bodies, with at least two molded bodies enclosing a cavity, which are provided with bores for the supply of ceramic slip and for the supply and discharge of gas or water and are intended to be used during the working process in a pressing device on a common one Sealing surface to be pressed against each other, characterized in that each molded body (22, 23) at least in its section facing the cavity (H) is formed from glass and / or ceramic particles (26) which are connected to one another at their common contact surfaces by a binder (27) to form a porous, liquid-absorbent structure (FIGS. 7 and 8 ). 8. Giessform nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die genannten Glas- und/oder Keramikpar­tikel (26) kugelförmig sind und einen Durchmesser zwischen 0,1 und 0,25 mm aufweisen.8. Casting mold according to claim 7, characterized in that the said glass and / or ceramic particles (26) are spherical and have a diameter between 0.1 and 0.25 mm. 9. Giessform nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass ein und derselbe Formkörper kugelförmige Glas- und/oder Keramikpartikel unterschiedlichen Durch­messers enthält.9. Casting mold according to claim 8, characterized in that one and the same shaped body contains spherical glass and / or ceramic particles of different diameters. 10. Giessform nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Formkörper dersel­ben ausschliesslich aus im Sprühtrocknungsverfahren hergestellten Keramikkügelchen erstellt ist, welche auf­grund eines zwischen 600 und 900°C durchgeführten Brenn­vorganges an ihrer Umfangsfläche eine hohe Absorptions­fähigkeit für Bindemittel und Wasser besitzen.10. Casting mold according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that each shaped body thereof is created exclusively from ceramic balls produced by the spray drying process, which have a high absorption capacity for binders and water on their peripheral surface due to a firing process carried out between 600 and 900 ° C. 11. Giessform nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass die Keramikkügelchen, welche z.B. aus Porzellan oder Steinzeugmasse bestehen, vor dem Aufbringen des Bindemittels zwecks Erhöhung der Druckfestigkeit mit einem Kunstharz getränkt sind.11. Casting mold according to claim 10, characterized in that the ceramic beads, which e.g. consist of porcelain or stoneware, are impregnated with a synthetic resin before the binder is applied to increase the compressive strength. 12. Giessform nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel ein Acryl-, Polyurethan- oder Furanharz ist.12. Casting mold according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the binder is an acrylic, polyurethane or furan resin.
EP87101606A 1986-02-20 1987-02-06 Casting mould for making ceramic articles Withdrawn EP0234360A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH684/86 1986-02-20
CH68486 1986-02-20

Publications (1)

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EP0234360A1 true EP0234360A1 (en) 1987-09-02

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EP87101606A Withdrawn EP0234360A1 (en) 1986-02-20 1987-02-06 Casting mould for making ceramic articles

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2601895A1 (en) * 1986-07-26 1988-01-29 Toto Ltd POROUS MOLD FOR BARBOTIN CASTING AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
FR2601894A1 (en) * 1986-07-26 1988-01-29 Toto Ltd MOLD FOR MOLDING UNDER CERAMIC PRESSURE
FR2601896A1 (en) * 1986-07-26 1988-01-29 Toto Ltd METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MOLD FOR BARBOTIN CASTING
EP0294743A2 (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-12-14 Erich Netzsch GmbH &amp; Co. Holding KG Casting mould for sanitary articles and process for making such a mould
EP0379576A1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-08-01 Inax Corporation Gas-permeable porous body, its production and pressure casting mold
US5033950A (en) * 1983-12-14 1991-07-23 Sacmi-Cooperativa Meccanici Imola-Soc. Coop. A R.L. Mold for molding ceramic materials
DE102005038887A1 (en) * 2005-08-17 2007-03-01 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Casting mold used as a die casting mold comprises a base layer made from firmly interlinked bulk material having a base layer permeability and a filter layer penetrating the surface of the base layer

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GB661780A (en) * 1949-03-28 1951-11-28 Sintered Products Ltd Improvements in or relating to moulds
DE1033577B (en) * 1954-02-25 1958-07-03 Goebel Porzellanfabrik Oeslau Method for producing matrices according to a model, from which plaster molds are removed for the deformation of ceramic masses
GB808217A (en) * 1955-03-29 1959-01-28 Heinz Sieprath Mould for producing castings, especially from ceramic raw stock
US3286974A (en) * 1962-05-09 1966-11-22 Mc Graw Edison Co Ceramic mold
DE1459307A1 (en) * 1963-08-20 1969-03-13 Laeis Werke Ag Method and device for the manufacture of ceramic products
CH490960A (en) * 1969-12-02 1970-05-31 Inventa Ag Process for the production of absorbent capillary-active molded bodies
DE1683803A1 (en) * 1967-01-12 1971-04-01 Dorst Keramikmaschb Inh Otto D Porous material for the production of molds for casting ceramic suspensions using the die-casting process
US3993727A (en) * 1974-12-18 1976-11-23 Wallace-Murray Corporation Fluid-release mold and the method of manufacturing the same
GB2113601A (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-08-10 Harold Fletcher Making moulds particularly for use in the manufacture of sanitary ware or other large ceramic articles
FR2527502A1 (en) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-02 Ina Seito Kk PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, BY CASTING AND EXTRACTION OF PASTE, OF HOLLOW CERAMIC ARTICLES
DE3342772A1 (en) * 1983-11-25 1985-06-05 Rösler Porzellan- und Keramik GmbH, 8641 Tettau Material and process for producing moulds for ceramic articles

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB661780A (en) * 1949-03-28 1951-11-28 Sintered Products Ltd Improvements in or relating to moulds
DE1033577B (en) * 1954-02-25 1958-07-03 Goebel Porzellanfabrik Oeslau Method for producing matrices according to a model, from which plaster molds are removed for the deformation of ceramic masses
GB808217A (en) * 1955-03-29 1959-01-28 Heinz Sieprath Mould for producing castings, especially from ceramic raw stock
US3286974A (en) * 1962-05-09 1966-11-22 Mc Graw Edison Co Ceramic mold
DE1459307A1 (en) * 1963-08-20 1969-03-13 Laeis Werke Ag Method and device for the manufacture of ceramic products
DE1683803A1 (en) * 1967-01-12 1971-04-01 Dorst Keramikmaschb Inh Otto D Porous material for the production of molds for casting ceramic suspensions using the die-casting process
CH490960A (en) * 1969-12-02 1970-05-31 Inventa Ag Process for the production of absorbent capillary-active molded bodies
US3993727A (en) * 1974-12-18 1976-11-23 Wallace-Murray Corporation Fluid-release mold and the method of manufacturing the same
GB2113601A (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-08-10 Harold Fletcher Making moulds particularly for use in the manufacture of sanitary ware or other large ceramic articles
FR2527502A1 (en) * 1982-05-27 1983-12-02 Ina Seito Kk PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE, BY CASTING AND EXTRACTION OF PASTE, OF HOLLOW CERAMIC ARTICLES
DE3342772A1 (en) * 1983-11-25 1985-06-05 Rösler Porzellan- und Keramik GmbH, 8641 Tettau Material and process for producing moulds for ceramic articles

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5033950A (en) * 1983-12-14 1991-07-23 Sacmi-Cooperativa Meccanici Imola-Soc. Coop. A R.L. Mold for molding ceramic materials
FR2601895A1 (en) * 1986-07-26 1988-01-29 Toto Ltd POROUS MOLD FOR BARBOTIN CASTING AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
FR2601894A1 (en) * 1986-07-26 1988-01-29 Toto Ltd MOLD FOR MOLDING UNDER CERAMIC PRESSURE
FR2601896A1 (en) * 1986-07-26 1988-01-29 Toto Ltd METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MOLD FOR BARBOTIN CASTING
EP0294743A2 (en) * 1987-06-12 1988-12-14 Erich Netzsch GmbH &amp; Co. Holding KG Casting mould for sanitary articles and process for making such a mould
EP0294743A3 (en) * 1987-06-12 1989-11-29 Erich Netzsch Gmbh & Co. Holding Kg Casting mould for sanitary articles and process for making such a mould
EP0379576A1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-08-01 Inax Corporation Gas-permeable porous body, its production and pressure casting mold
EP0379576A4 (en) * 1988-02-26 1991-04-24 Inax Corporation Gas-permeable porous body, its production and pressure casting mold
DE102005038887A1 (en) * 2005-08-17 2007-03-01 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Casting mold used as a die casting mold comprises a base layer made from firmly interlinked bulk material having a base layer permeability and a filter layer penetrating the surface of the base layer

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