EP0233997B1 - Heat exchanger, particularly for cooling process gas or for heating steam - Google Patents

Heat exchanger, particularly for cooling process gas or for heating steam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0233997B1
EP0233997B1 EP86115072A EP86115072A EP0233997B1 EP 0233997 B1 EP0233997 B1 EP 0233997B1 EP 86115072 A EP86115072 A EP 86115072A EP 86115072 A EP86115072 A EP 86115072A EP 0233997 B1 EP0233997 B1 EP 0233997B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
pressure vessel
antechamber
tube base
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86115072A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0233997A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Klein
Hans-Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Herbort
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Priority to AT86115072T priority Critical patent/ATE38896T1/en
Publication of EP0233997A1 publication Critical patent/EP0233997A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0233997B1 publication Critical patent/EP0233997B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for cooling process gas or for superheating steam, with a pressure vessel as a heat exchanger vessel with a tube bundle of heat exchanger tubes fastened in a tube sheet and an antechamber assigned to the tube sheet, the tube sheet and / or the antechamber with the Pressure vessels are / are connected in some areas via flanges.
  • Hot gas coolers pose a number of problems which are related to the fact that high pressure and also high temperature gradients have to be processed.
  • the corresponding superheater or gas cooler can be designed in very different ways.
  • the tube bundle can be hanging or standing; they can be meandering, spiral or serpentine wound; the steam can be carried out in cocurrent or countercurrent u. Like. more.
  • a problem area lies in particular in the connection between the pressure vessel wall on the one hand and the tube sheets or tube plates on the other hand or wherever the high pressure temperature differences lead to extreme loads on both the materials and the connections themselves. It is therefore not surprising if there are already possible solutions, such as: B. is shown in DE-A-3 022 480.
  • the temperature differences also lead to thermal stresses in the area where these occur, for example in the entrance area of the tube bundles, which are subjected to steam at a comparatively low temperature.
  • temperature differences of up to 400 ° C and more can occur.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a solution with which the disadvantages described here are avoided on the basis of an adapted tube sheet design, with which in particular the connection area between differently alloyed steels is relocated to a plane which is less at risk, areas of high temperature differences simultaneously being a Have design that can withstand the stresses that occur.
  • the tube sheet consists of a flange ring made of low-alloy material with a concentric inner recess and is provided on the side facing the pressure vessel with an insulating layer and that the inner recess of the flange ring with a essentially pot-shaped, protruding into the pressure vessel from high-alloy material.
  • the division of the tube sheet into a flange ring made of low-alloy material and a central pot-shaped insert made of high-alloy material makes it possible to lay the connecting seam between the flange ring on the one hand and the pot-shaped further tube sheet part used therein in an area in which high temperature differences do not occur, for example in the prechamber. which is usually traversed by steam of low temperature.
  • the area that is exposed to the high pressures and temperature differences is made of high-alloy material with the associated advantages.
  • the invention provides in an embodiment that the bottom of the insert is equipped with a central cone which tapers from the pressure container to the prechamber and is penetrated by a central steam collector which projects into the prechamber and the pressure container.
  • This design offers a particularly high resistance to pressure differences. At the same time, it makes possible the problem of installing a central steam collector for the tube bundle in the pressure vessel.
  • the device is set up so that the prechamber for the steam to be heated is arranged in the direction of gravity at the upper end of the pressure vessel and is designed via the flange connection so that the entire tube bundle can be lifted upwards.
  • the steam collector will usually penetrate the prechamber at least in some areas.
  • the invention provides that in this area the steam collector is provided with external insulation, not least so that the superheated steam cannot be cooled again by the steam temperature prevailing in the prechamber.
  • the invention also provides that the steam collector is equipped with an inner insulation at least in the fastening area with the bottom of the insert.
  • the invention also provides that the cup-shaped insert is formed in two parts with the bottom part having a cone and an edge part having a support rim.
  • the cup-shaped insert is formed in two parts with the bottom part having a cone and an edge part having a support rim.
  • simple turned parts can be produced from the high-alloy material, which can then be welded together. Elaborate designs are therefore unnecessary.
  • the device generally designated 1, e.g. B. a high-pressure heat recovery boiler, has a vertically positioned pressure vessel 2 on a stand 3 with a process steam insertion opening 4 in the lower region of the pressure vessel 2 and an outlet opening 5 in the upper pressure vessel region.
  • the pressure vessel 2 has a flange 6, which is covered by a flange ring 7 of a prechamber 8 fastened there.
  • the flange 6 and the flange ring 7 are connected to one another in the position of use.
  • the antechamber is equipped with a steam inlet connector 9 and a steam outlet connector 10.
  • the flange ring 7 has a concentric inner recess 11, which is penetrated by a cup-shaped insert 12, which projects in some areas into the interior of the pressure vessel 2.
  • This insert 11 is described in more detail below.
  • a tube bundle 13 is provided in the pressure vessel 2, which, starting from the insert 12, passes through the pressure vessel and, in the example according to FIG. 1, opens into a lower base plate 14 of a steam collector 15 arranged centrally in the pressure vessel.
  • the steam collector 15 passes through the pot-shaped insert 12 and passes through the prechamber 8 in some areas, in order then to end in the steam outlet connection 10.
  • the wall of the pressure vessel 2 is equipped with an insulating layer 16.
  • a corresponding insulating layer 16a is also provided on the tube sheet flange ring 7.
  • part of the steam collector 15 which passes through the pre-chamber 8 has an outer insulation 17 and additionally has an inner insulation 18 in the transition area from the pressure vessel 2 into the pre-chamber 8.
  • Essential to the invention is the design of the tube plate, generally designated 19, which, as already mentioned above, is of multi-part design, namely consisting of the flange ring 7 on the one hand and an insert 12 on the other.
  • the insert 12 is pot-shaped. It consists of two elements, a pot base 20 and an edge part 22 provided with a brim 21. The two elements are welded together.
  • the brim 21 is inserted into an annular groove on the pipe flange 7 and welded on the outer wheel side.
  • the weld seam designated 23 in FIG. 2
  • the insert 12 on the one hand and the tube sheet flange 7 on the other hand are formed from different steels, so that the weld seam 23 is a so-called mixed seam which should not be exposed to any particular stresses, which is due to the design according to the invention is achieved.
  • the pressurizing bores 24 are provided for the heat exchanger tubes designated 25.
  • the pot base 20 has a cone 26, which tapers the antechamber 8 and in which the steam collector 15 is welded in the center.
  • the insulation 17 of the steam collector within the pre-chamber 8 also covers the weld seam between the cone 26 and the steam collector 15 in the example shown.
  • the steam collector 15 is equipped with an apron 27 which largely keeps a flow of the process gas in the pressure vessel 2 away from this area of the steam collector 15.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 25 in the area of this Apron 27 can be connected to the steam collector 15.
  • the end points are designated 28.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 25 can also be connected to the base plate 14 of the steam collector 15, as has already been mentioned above and is shown in FIG. 1, lower half of the figure.
  • the mode of operation can be the following:
  • a process gas with, for example, a temperature of 800 ° C enters the pressure vessel 2 at 4, flows through it from bottom to top and leaves the pressure vessel 2 through the pipe socket 5.
  • the steam to be overheated enters the pipe socket 9 of the prechamber 8, is distributed from there via the insert 12 to the individual heat exchanger pipes 25, flows through the bundle 13 and enters the central steam collector 15; flows through the steam collector 15 and in turn exits the device 1 at 10.
  • the process gas can z. B. cool from 800 ° C to 500 ° C with heat, while the steam was heated from, for example, 380 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • the prechamber 8 with the steam collector 15 and the tube bundle 13 attached to it can be lifted out with simple means after loosening the flange connection between the flange 6 and the flange 7, which enables simple assembly and simple maintenance makes.
  • the invention is not limited to the hanging arrangement of the tube bundle shown here.
  • the heat exchanger and the pressure vessel can, for example, be arranged horizontally or upside down.
  • the vessel wall of the pressure vessel 2 forming a sleeve could be designed to be liftable and u. Like. more.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

1. A beat exchanger, in particular for cooling process gas or for superheating steam, having a pressure vessel (2) as a heat exchanger vessel with a bundle (13) of heat exchanger tubes (25) secured in a tube base and an antechamber (8) associated with the tube base, the tube base and/or the antechamber being connected to the pressure vessel at certain points via flanges, characterised in that the tube base (19) consists of a flanged ring (7) of a low-alloy material with a concentric inner recess (11) and is provided with an insulating layer (16a) on the side facing the pressure vessel (2), and in that the inner recess (11) of the flange ring (7) is equipped with a substantially crucible-shaped insert (12) projecting into the pressure vessel (2) and made of a high-alloy material.

Description

Beschreibungdescription

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf einen Wärmetauscher, insbesondere zur Kühlung von Prozeßgas oder zur Überhitzung von Dampf, mit einem Druckbehälter als Wärmetauschergefäß mit einem in einem Rohrboden befestigten Rohrbündel von Wärmetauscherrohren und einer dem Rohrboden zugeordneten Vorkammer, wobei der Rohrboden und/oder die Vorkammer mit dem Druckbehälter bereichsweise über Flansche verbunden sind/ist.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for cooling process gas or for superheating steam, with a pressure vessel as a heat exchanger vessel with a tube bundle of heat exchanger tubes fastened in a tube sheet and an antechamber assigned to the tube sheet, the tube sheet and / or the antechamber with the Pressure vessels are / are connected in some areas via flanges.

Heißgaskühler werfen eine Reihe von Problemen auf, die damit zusammenhängen, daß hohe Druck- und auch hohe Temperaturgefälle zu verarbeiten sind. Dabei können die entsprechenden Überhitzer bzw. Gaskühler in sehr unterschiedlicher Weise gestaltet sein. Die Rohrbündel können hängend oder stehend ausgeführt werden; sie können meander-, spiral-oder schlangenförmig gewickelt sein; die Dampfführung kann im Gleich- oder Gegenstrom erfolgen u. dgl. mehr.Hot gas coolers pose a number of problems which are related to the fact that high pressure and also high temperature gradients have to be processed. The corresponding superheater or gas cooler can be designed in very different ways. The tube bundle can be hanging or standing; they can be meandering, spiral or serpentine wound; the steam can be carried out in cocurrent or countercurrent u. Like. more.

Ein Problembereich liegt insbesondere in der Verbindung zwischen der Druckbehälterwand einerseits und den Rohrböden bzw. Rohrplatten andererseits bzw. überall dort, wo die hohen Drucktemperaturunterschiede zu extremen Belastungen sowohl der Werkstoffe als auch der Verbindungen selbst führen. Es verwundert daher nicht, wenn es hiervon bereits Lösungsmöglichkeiten gibt, wie z. B. in der DE-A-3 022 480 gezeigt.A problem area lies in particular in the connection between the pressure vessel wall on the one hand and the tube sheets or tube plates on the other hand or wherever the high pressure temperature differences lead to extreme loads on both the materials and the connections themselves. It is therefore not surprising if there are already possible solutions, such as: B. is shown in DE-A-3 022 480.

Wegen der großen unterschiedlichen Belastungen ist es notwendig, für die Wärmetauscherrohre und die Dampfaustrittsleitungen hochlegierte Werkstoffe heranzuziehen, während in der Regel, nicht zuletzt auch aus Wirtschaftlichkeitserwägungen, die Wände des Druckbehälters aus niedriglegierten Werkstoffen gestaltet werden sollten. Damit ergeben sich aber Probleme in den Verbindungsbereichen bzw. Verbindungsnähten zwischen den Rohrbündeln und den Druckbehälterwänden, da dort an sich Mischnähte aus austhenitischen und ferritischen Schweißverbindungen entstehen. Derartige Mischnähte sind aber in Temperaturbereichen oberhalb 500°C ausgesprochen problematisch, nicht zuletzt, da in der schweißbeeinflußten Zone auf der Seite des niedriglegierten Werkstoffes eine Kohlenstoffverarmung eintreten kann. Damit können Kriechschädigungen bei derartigen Temperaturen vorkommen. Neben der Problematik der unterschiedlich legierten Stähle, führen auch die Temperaturunterschiede zu thermischen Spannungen in dem Bereich, wo diese auftreten, etwa im Eingangsbereich der Rohrbündel, die mit Dampf vergleichsweise niedriger Temperatur beaufschlagt sind. Hierbei kann es je nach Prozeßführung zu Temperaturdifferenzen bis zu 400° C und mehr kommen.Because of the large different loads, it is necessary to use high-alloy materials for the heat exchanger tubes and the steam outlet lines, while the walls of the pressure vessel should generally be made of low-alloy materials, not least for economic reasons. However, this results in problems in the connection areas or connection seams between the tube bundles and the pressure vessel walls, since there are mixed seams of austenitic and ferritic welded connections. Such mixed seams are extremely problematic in temperature ranges above 500 ° C., not least because carbon depletion can occur in the sweat-affected zone on the side of the low-alloy material. This can lead to creep damage at such temperatures. In addition to the problem of differently alloyed steels, the temperature differences also lead to thermal stresses in the area where these occur, for example in the entrance area of the tube bundles, which are subjected to steam at a comparatively low temperature. Depending on the process control, temperature differences of up to 400 ° C and more can occur.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist daher die Schaffung einer Lösung, mit der aufgrund einer angepaßten Rohrbodengestaltung die hier beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden werden, mit der insbesondere der Verbindungsbereich zwischen unterschiedlich legierten Stählen in eine solche Ebene verlegt wird, die weniger gefährdet ist, wobei gleichzeitig Bereiche hoher Temperaturdifferenzen eine Gestaltung aufweisen, die den auftretenden Spannungen gewachsen ist.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a solution with which the disadvantages described here are avoided on the basis of an adapted tube sheet design, with which in particular the connection area between differently alloyed steels is relocated to a plane which is less at risk, areas of high temperature differences simultaneously being a Have design that can withstand the stresses that occur.

Mit einer Vorrichtung der eingangs bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Rohrboden aus einem Flanschring aus niedriglegiertem Werkstoff mit einer konzentrischen Innenausnehmung besteht und auf der dem Druckbehälter zugewandten Seite mit einer Isolierschicht versehen ist und daß die Innenausnehmung des Flanschringes mit einem im wesentlichen topfförmigen, in den Druckbehälter hineinragenden Einsatz aus hochlegiertem Werkstoff ausgerüstet ist.With a device of the type mentioned, this object is achieved according to the invention in that the tube sheet consists of a flange ring made of low-alloy material with a concentric inner recess and is provided on the side facing the pressure vessel with an insulating layer and that the inner recess of the flange ring with a essentially pot-shaped, protruding into the pressure vessel from high-alloy material.

Die Aufteilung des Rohrbodens in einen Flanschring aus niedriglegiertem Werkstoff und einem zentrischen topfförmigen Einsatz aus hochlegiertem Werkstoff ermöglicht es, die Verbindungsnaht zwischen Flanschring einerseits und darin eingesetzten topfförmigem weiteren Rohrbodenteil in einen Bereich zu verlegen, in dem hohe Temperaturunterschiede nicht vorkommen, beispielsweise in die Vorkammer, die im Regelfalle vom Dampf niedriger Temperatur durchströmt wird. Gleichzeitig wird derjenige Bereich, der den hohen Drücken und Temperaturunterschieden ausgesetzt ist, aus hochlegiertem Werkstoff gestaltet mit den damit verbundenen Vorteilen.The division of the tube sheet into a flange ring made of low-alloy material and a central pot-shaped insert made of high-alloy material makes it possible to lay the connecting seam between the flange ring on the one hand and the pot-shaped further tube sheet part used therein in an area in which high temperature differences do not occur, for example in the prechamber. which is usually traversed by steam of low temperature. At the same time, the area that is exposed to the high pressures and temperature differences is made of high-alloy material with the associated advantages.

Die Erfindung sieht in Ausgestaltung vor, daß der Boden des Einsatzes mit einem zentrischen, sich vom Druckbehälter zur Vorkammer hin verjüngenden Konus ausgerüstet ist, der von einem in die Vorkammer und den Druckbehälter ragenden zentrischen Dampfsammler durchsetzt ist.The invention provides in an embodiment that the bottom of the insert is equipped with a central cone which tapers from the pressure container to the prechamber and is penetrated by a central steam collector which projects into the prechamber and the pressure container.

Diese Gestaltung bietet eine besonders hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Druckdifferenzen. Sie macht gleichzeitig das Problem des Einbauens eines zentrischen Dampfsammlers für das Rohrbündel im Druckbehälter möglich.This design offers a particularly high resistance to pressure differences. At the same time, it makes possible the problem of installing a central steam collector for the tube bundle in the pressure vessel.

Zweckmäßig ist es, wenn die Bohrungen für die Wärmetauscherrohre in dem im wesentlichen ebenen Boden des Einsatzes angeordnet sind. Dies ergibt eine konstruktiv sehr einfache und fertigungstechnisch sehr vorteilhafte Lösung, da die Anschlußbereiche der Rohrbündel in einer ebenen Fläche am Topfboden vorgesehen sind.It is expedient if the bores for the heat exchanger tubes are arranged in the essentially flat bottom of the insert. This results in a structurally very simple and very advantageous solution in terms of production technology, since the connection areas of the tube bundles are provided in a flat surface on the bottom of the pot.

Sinnvoll kann es sein, wenn der zentrische Dampfsammler im Bereich des Druckbehälters von einer Schürze umgeben ist. Diese Gestaltung macht es möglich, die Wärmetauscherrohre in den Dampfsammler im Druckbehälter in einem Totraum vorzusehen. Neben dieser Einleitung der Wärmetauscherrohre in den Bereich der Schürze kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß im Abstand zu dem der Vorkammer zugeordneten Rohrboden ein zweiter Rohrboden zur Aufnahme der Wärmetauscherrohre angeordnet ist.It can make sense if the central steam collector is surrounded by an apron in the area of the pressure vessel. This design makes it possible to provide the heat exchanger tubes in the steam collector in the pressure vessel in a dead space. In addition to this introduction of the heat exchanger tubes into the area of the apron, it can also be provided that a second tube plate for receiving the Heat exchanger tubes is arranged.

Eine Möglichkeit der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Vorrichtung so aufgestellt ist, daß die Vorkammer für den zu erhitzenden Dampf in Schwerkraftsrichtung am oberen Ende des Druckbehälters angeordnet ist und über die Flanschverbindung so gestaltet ist, daß das gesamte Rohrbündel nach oben ausgehoben werden kann.One possibility of the invention is that the device is set up so that the prechamber for the steam to be heated is arranged in the direction of gravity at the upper end of the pressure vessel and is designed via the flange connection so that the entire tube bundle can be lifted upwards.

Überlicherweise wird der Dampfsammler bei dieser Gestaltungsart die Vorkammer wenigstens bereichsweise durchsetzen. In diesem Falle sieht die Erfindung vor, daß in diesem Bereich der Dampfsammler mit einer Außenisolierung versehen ist, nicht zuletzt, um den überhitzten Dampf nicht wieder durch die in der Vorkammer herrschende Dampftemperatur abkühlen zu lassen.With this type of design, the steam collector will usually penetrate the prechamber at least in some areas. In this case, the invention provides that in this area the steam collector is provided with external insulation, not least so that the superheated steam cannot be cooled again by the steam temperature prevailing in the prechamber.

Um Wärmespannungen noch weitergehend zu verhindern, sieht die Erfindung auch vor, daß der Dampfsammler wenigstens im Befestigungsbereich mit dem Boden des Einsatzes mit einer Innenisolierung ausgerüstet ist.In order to further prevent thermal stresses, the invention also provides that the steam collector is equipped with an inner insulation at least in the fastening area with the bottom of the insert.

Um eine noch weitergehende wirtschaftliche Herstellung der Vorrichtung zu ermöglichen, sieht die Erfindung auch vor, daß der topfförmige Einsatz zweiteilig mit dem einen Konus aufweisenden Bodenteil und einem eine Auflagekrempe aufweisenden Randteil ausgebildet ist. Damit können beispielsweise einfache Drehteile aus dem hochlegierten Werkstoff hergestellt werden, die dann miteinander verschweißt werden können. Aufwendige Gestaltungen sind daher entbehrlich.In order to enable an even more economical manufacture of the device, the invention also provides that the cup-shaped insert is formed in two parts with the bottom part having a cone and an edge part having a support rim. For example, simple turned parts can be produced from the high-alloy material, which can then be welded together. Elaborate designs are therefore unnecessary.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung beispielsweise näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in

  • Fig. 1 in vereinfachter Darstellung den Schnitt durch ein Druckgefäß bzw. einen Hochdrucksabhitzekessel mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sowie in
  • Fig. 2 eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Kopfbereiches mit dem Rohrboden.
The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, for example. This shows in
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified representation of the section through a pressure vessel or a high pressure heat recovery boiler with the device according to the invention and in
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the head area with the tube sheet.

Die allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Vorrichtung, z. B. ein Hochdruckabhitzekessel, verfügt über ein senkrecht aufgestelltes Druckgefäß 2 auf einem Ständer 3 mit einer Prozeßdampfeinführöffnung 4 im unteren Bereich des Druckgefäßes 2 und einer Austrittsöffnung 5 im oberen Druckgefäßberich.The device generally designated 1, e.g. B. a high-pressure heat recovery boiler, has a vertically positioned pressure vessel 2 on a stand 3 with a process steam insertion opening 4 in the lower region of the pressure vessel 2 and an outlet opening 5 in the upper pressure vessel region.

An seinem Kopfende weist das Druckgefäß 2 einen Flansch 6 auf, der von einem Flanschring 7 einer dort befestigten Vorkammer 8 überdeckt ist. Der Flansch 6 und der Flanschring 7 sind in der Gebrauchslage miteinander verbunden. Die Vorkammer ist mit einem Dampfeintrittsstutzen 9 und einem Dampfaustrittsstutzen 10 ausgerüstet.At its head end, the pressure vessel 2 has a flange 6, which is covered by a flange ring 7 of a prechamber 8 fastened there. The flange 6 and the flange ring 7 are connected to one another in the position of use. The antechamber is equipped with a steam inlet connector 9 and a steam outlet connector 10.

Der Flanschring 7 weist eine konzentrische Innenausnehmung 11 auf, die von einem topfförmigen Einsatz 12 durchsetzt ist, der bereichsweise in das Innere des Druckgefäßes 2 hineinragt. Die Ausgestaltung dieses Einsatzes 11 ist weiter unten näher beschrieben.The flange ring 7 has a concentric inner recess 11, which is penetrated by a cup-shaped insert 12, which projects in some areas into the interior of the pressure vessel 2. The design of this insert 11 is described in more detail below.

Wie insbesondere Fig. 1 zeigt, ist im Druckgefäß 2 ein Rohrbündel 13 vorgesehen, welches vom Einsatz 12 ausgehend das Druckgefäß durchsetzt und beim Beispiel nach Fig. 1 in eine untere Bodenplatte 14 eines zentrisch im Druckgefäß angeordneten Dampfsammlers 15 mündet.As shown in FIG. 1 in particular, a tube bundle 13 is provided in the pressure vessel 2, which, starting from the insert 12, passes through the pressure vessel and, in the example according to FIG. 1, opens into a lower base plate 14 of a steam collector 15 arranged centrally in the pressure vessel.

Der Dampfsammler 15 durchsetzt den topfförmigen Einsatz 12 und durchläuft bereichsweise die Vorkammer 8, um dann im Dampfauslaßstutzen 10 zu enden.The steam collector 15 passes through the pot-shaped insert 12 and passes through the prechamber 8 in some areas, in order then to end in the steam outlet connection 10.

Wie sich insbesondere aus Fig. 2 ergibt, ist die Wand des Druckbehälters 2 mit einer Isolierschicht 16 ausgerüstet. Eine entsprechende Isolierschicht 16a ist auch am Rohrbodenflanschring 7 vorgesehen.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the wall of the pressure vessel 2 is equipped with an insulating layer 16. A corresponding insulating layer 16a is also provided on the tube sheet flange ring 7.

Wie sich ebenfalls aus Fig. 2 ergibt, weist derjenige Teil des Dampfsammlers 15, der die Vorkammer 8 durchsetzt, eine Außenisolierung 17 auf und im Übertrittsberich von dem Druckgefäß 2 in die Vorkammer 8 zusätzlich eine Innenisolierung 18.As can also be seen from FIG. 2, that part of the steam collector 15 which passes through the pre-chamber 8 has an outer insulation 17 and additionally has an inner insulation 18 in the transition area from the pressure vessel 2 into the pre-chamber 8.

Wesentlich für die Erfindung ist die Gestaltung des allgemein mit 19 bezeichneten Rohrbodens, der, wie oben bereits erwähnt, mehrteilig ausgebildet ist, und zwar aus dem Flanschring 7 einerseits und einem Einsatz 12 andererseits besteht.Essential to the invention is the design of the tube plate, generally designated 19, which, as already mentioned above, is of multi-part design, namely consisting of the flange ring 7 on the one hand and an insert 12 on the other.

Der Einsatz 12 ist topfförmig gestaltet. Er besteht aus zwei Elementen, einem Topfboden 20 und einem mit einer Krempe 21 versehenen Randteil 22. Die beiden Elemente sind miteindander verschweißt. Die Krempe 21 ist in eine Ringnut am Rohrflansch 7 eingelegt und außenradseitig verschweißt. Dies bedeutet, daß die Schweißnaht, in Fig. 2 mit 23 bezeichnet, zwischen dem Einsatz 12 und dem Rohrboden 19 zum Inneren der Vorkammer 8 hinweisend angeordnet und damit nur der dort herrschenden Temperatur ausgesetzt ist. Dies ist deswegen von besonderer Wichtigkeit, da der Einsatz 12 einerseits und der Rohrbodenflansch 7 andererseits aus unterschiedlichen Stählen gebildet sind, so daß es sich bei der Schweißnaht 23 um eine sogenannte Mischnaht handelt, die keinen besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt sein soll, was durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung erreicht wird.The insert 12 is pot-shaped. It consists of two elements, a pot base 20 and an edge part 22 provided with a brim 21. The two elements are welded together. The brim 21 is inserted into an annular groove on the pipe flange 7 and welded on the outer wheel side. This means that the weld seam, designated 23 in FIG. 2, is arranged between the insert 12 and the tube sheet 19 pointing towards the interior of the prechamber 8 and is therefore only exposed to the temperature prevailing there. This is of particular importance because the insert 12 on the one hand and the tube sheet flange 7 on the other hand are formed from different steels, so that the weld seam 23 is a so-called mixed seam which should not be exposed to any particular stresses, which is due to the design according to the invention is achieved.

Im Topfboden 20 sind die Beaufschlagungsbohrungen 24 für die mit 25 bezeichneten Wärmetauscherrohre vorgesehen. In der Mitte weist der Topfboden 20 einen Konus 26 auf, der sich Vorkammer 8 hin verjüngt und in dem zentrisch der Dampfsammler 15 eingeschweißt ist. Die Isolierung 17 des Dampfsammlers innerhalb der Vorkammer 8 bedeckt im dargestellten Beispiel auch die Schweißnaht zwischen dem Konus 26 und dem Dampfsammler 15.In the pot bottom 20, the pressurizing bores 24 are provided for the heat exchanger tubes designated 25. In the middle, the pot base 20 has a cone 26, which tapers the antechamber 8 and in which the steam collector 15 is welded in the center. The insulation 17 of the steam collector within the pre-chamber 8 also covers the weld seam between the cone 26 and the steam collector 15 in the example shown.

Der Dampfsammler 15 ist im dargestellten Beispiel mit einer Schürze 27 ausgerüstet, die weitestgehend eine Strömung des Prozeßgases im Druckgefäß 2 von diesem Bereich des Dampfsammlers 15 fernhält. Im unteren Beriech der Fig. 2 ist die Möglichkeit eingezeichnet, daß die Wärmetauscherrohre 25 im Bereich dieser Schürze 27 mit dem Dampfsammler 15 verbunden sein können. Die Endpunkte sind mit 28 bezeichnet. Darüber hinaus können die Wärmetauscherrohre 25 auch mit der Bodenplatte 14 des Dampfsammlers 15 verbunden sein, wie dies weiter oben bereits erwähnt wurde und in Fig. 1, untere Figurenhälfte, dargestellt ist.In the example shown, the steam collector 15 is equipped with an apron 27 which largely keeps a flow of the process gas in the pressure vessel 2 away from this area of the steam collector 15. In the lower area of FIG. 2, the possibility is drawn in that the heat exchanger tubes 25 in the area of this Apron 27 can be connected to the steam collector 15. The end points are designated 28. In addition, the heat exchanger tubes 25 can also be connected to the base plate 14 of the steam collector 15, as has already been mentioned above and is shown in FIG. 1, lower half of the figure.

Die Funktionsweise kann dabei die folgende sein:The mode of operation can be the following:

Ein Prozeßgas mit beispielsweise einer Temperatur von 800° C tritt bei4 in das Druckgefäß 2 ein, durchströmt dieses von unten nach oben und verläßt das Druckgefäß 2 durch den Rohrstutzen 5.A process gas with, for example, a temperature of 800 ° C enters the pressure vessel 2 at 4, flows through it from bottom to top and leaves the pressure vessel 2 through the pipe socket 5.

Umgekehrt tritt beispielsweise der zu überhitzende Dampf in den Rohrstutzen 9 der Vorkammer 8 ein, wird von dort über den Einsatz 12 auf die einzelnen Wärmetauscherrohre 25 verteilt, durchströmt das Bündel 13 und tritt in den zentrischen Dampfsammler 15 ein; durchströmt den Dampfsammler 15 und tritt bei 10 wiederum aus der Vorrichtung 1 aus.Conversely, for example, the steam to be overheated enters the pipe socket 9 of the prechamber 8, is distributed from there via the insert 12 to the individual heat exchanger pipes 25, flows through the bundle 13 and enters the central steam collector 15; flows through the steam collector 15 and in turn exits the device 1 at 10.

Das Prozeßgas kann sich auf diesem Weg z. B. von 800°C auf 500°C unter Wärmeabgabe abkühlen, während der Dampf von beispeilsweise 380°C auf 700°C erhitzt wurde.The process gas can z. B. cool from 800 ° C to 500 ° C with heat, while the steam was heated from, for example, 380 ° C to 700 ° C.

Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 2 erkennbar ist, kann mit einfachen Mitteln die Vorkammer 8 mit dem Dampfsammler 15 und dem daran befestigten Rohrbündel 13 nach Lösen der Flanschverbindung zwischen dem Flansch 6 und dem Flansch 7 ausgehoben werden, was eine einfache Montage und eine einfache Wartung möglich macht.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the prechamber 8 with the steam collector 15 and the tube bundle 13 attached to it can be lifted out with simple means after loosening the flange connection between the flange 6 and the flange 7, which enables simple assembly and simple maintenance makes.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die hier dargestellte hängende Anordnung der Rohrbündel beschränkt. Der Wärmetauscher und das Druckgefäß können beispielsweise horizontal angeordnet sein oder aber auch auf dem Kopf stehend. In diesem Falle könnte zur Wartung beispielsweise die eine Hülse bildende Gefäßwand des Druckgefäßes 2 abhebbar ausgestaltet sein u. dgl. mehr.The invention is not limited to the hanging arrangement of the tube bundle shown here. The heat exchanger and the pressure vessel can, for example, be arranged horizontally or upside down. In this case, for maintenance, for example, the vessel wall of the pressure vessel 2 forming a sleeve could be designed to be liftable and u. Like. more.

Claims (8)

1. A beat exchanger, in particular for cooling process gas or for superheating steam, having a pressure vessel (2) as a heat exchanger vessel with a bundle (13) of heat exchanger tubes (25) secured in a tube base and an antechamber (8) associated with the tube base, the tube base and/or the antechamber being connected to the pressure vessel at certain points via flanges, characterised in that the tube base (19) consists of a flanged ring (7) of a low-alloy material with a concentric inner recess (11) and is provided with an insulating layer (16a) on the side facing the pressure vessel (2), and in that the inner recess (11) of the flange ring (7) is equipped with a substantially crucible-shaped insert (12) projecting into the pressure vessel (2) and made of a high-alloy material.
2. A heat exchanger according to Claim 1, characterised in that the base (20) of the insert (12) has a cone (26) tapering centrally from the pressure vessel towards the antechamber (8), the cone being penetrated by a steam collector (19) projecting into the antechamber (8) and the pressure vessel (2).
3. A heat exchanger according to Claim 2, characterised in that the bores (24) for the heat exchanger tubes (25) are disposed in the substantially plane base (20) of the insert (12).
4. A heat exchanger according to Claim 3, characterised in that the central steam collector (15) is surrounded by an apron (27) in the region of the pressure vessel (2).
5. A heat exchanger according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a second tube base (14) for receiving the heat exchanger tubes (25) is disposed at a distance from the tube base (19) associated with the antechamber (8).
6. A heat exchanger according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the steam collector (15) penetrates an area of the antechamber (8) and is provided with external insulation (17) in this area.
7. A heat exchanger according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the steam collector (15) is equipped with internal insulation (18) at least where it is connected to the base (20) of the insert (12).
8. A heat exchanger according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the crucible-shaped insert (12) is formed in two parts with the base part (20) having a cone (26) and an edge part (22) having a supporting flange (21).
EP86115072A 1986-02-12 1986-10-30 Heat exchanger, particularly for cooling process gas or for heating steam Expired EP0233997B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86115072T ATE38896T1 (en) 1986-02-12 1986-10-30 HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR COOLING PROCESS GAS OR FOR HEATING STEAM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3604288 1986-02-12
DE19863604288 DE3604288A1 (en) 1986-02-12 1986-02-12 DEVICE AS A HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR COOLING PROCESS GAS OR FOR HEATING VAPOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0233997A1 EP0233997A1 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0233997B1 true EP0233997B1 (en) 1988-11-23

Family

ID=6293883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86115072A Expired EP0233997B1 (en) 1986-02-12 1986-10-30 Heat exchanger, particularly for cooling process gas or for heating steam

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0233997B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62186196A (en)
AT (1) ATE38896T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3604288A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2004827B3 (en)
GR (2) GR880300116T1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10303341A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-08-26 Alstom Technology Ltd Air cooler for power plant has casing around helical pipe bundle, first volume that forms inner casing separate from pressure vessel enclosed by cylindrical outer casing with annular gap between them
EP3407001A1 (en) 2017-05-26 2018-11-28 ALFA LAVAL OLMI S.p.A. Shell-and-tube equipment with bypass

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1275071B (en) * 1963-01-16 1968-08-14 Braun & Co C F Heat exchanger for steam generator
FR1517732A (en) * 1966-07-19 1968-03-22 Fives Penhoet Recovery boiler
AT339934B (en) * 1976-02-27 1977-11-10 Voest Ag HEAT EXCHANGER
US4284134A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-08-18 General Atomic Company Helically coiled tube heat exchanger
DE3022480A1 (en) * 1980-06-14 1982-01-07 Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund DEVICE FOR EXCHANGING HEAT BETWEEN AN NH (DOWN ARROW) 3 (DOWN ARROW) CONVERTER LEAVING CYCLE GAS AND WATER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3661298D1 (en) 1988-12-29
JPS62186196A (en) 1987-08-14
DE3604288A1 (en) 1987-08-13
EP0233997A1 (en) 1987-09-02
ATE38896T1 (en) 1988-12-15
GR3000012T3 (en) 1989-09-29
ES2004827B3 (en) 1990-08-01
GR880300116T1 (en) 1988-12-16

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