EP0229928A2 - Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers - Google Patents

Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0229928A2
EP0229928A2 EP86116386A EP86116386A EP0229928A2 EP 0229928 A2 EP0229928 A2 EP 0229928A2 EP 86116386 A EP86116386 A EP 86116386A EP 86116386 A EP86116386 A EP 86116386A EP 0229928 A2 EP0229928 A2 EP 0229928A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating element
element according
support
surface support
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EP86116386A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0229928A3 (en
EP0229928B1 (en
Inventor
Julius Dipl.-Ing. Husslein
Günther Wittauer
Heinz Kotsch
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
    • H05B3/72—Plates of sheet metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a heating conductor in the form of a coiled heating wire is arranged in a carrier body on an insulating layer. It is also known to provide several such heating resistors with which by means of a so-called seven-stroke switch known per se Different heating outputs can be set in parallel or in series. Such heating elements are relatively complex in terms of construction and production technology and in particular require a considerable overall height of the heating element. In the case of heating elements for other applications, it is known to design the heating conductor (s) in the so-called thick-film paste technique using thick-film pastes and dielectric material which serves as an insulation and carrier layer and to which the thick-film pastes are applied, for example burned in, to create heating conductor tracks.
  • the invention has for its object to design a heating element of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 so that in addition to a simple construction and method of manufacture and a low overall height, there is a very good heating effect.
  • the heating element according to the invention special precautions are taken to ensure that the heat flow resistance between the very flat heating conductor tracks, in particular the thick-film heating conductor tracks, and the surface to be heated is very low. In addition, it is ensured that the best possible coupling of the heating element to the surface to be heated, e.g. to a hob made of stainless steel or glass ceramic or directly to the bottom of the saucepan. Of course, there are similar advantages when using such a heating element for other thermal household appliances, such as for hot plates, but also for dishwashers or washing machines or the like.
  • the support element is provided on both sides with an insulating enamel layer, on which e.g. the heating conductor track or heating conductor tracks are applied directly, e.g. by printing and then baking.
  • This double-sided coating e.g. Enamelling, one avoids one-sided bending of the metallic element due to unsymmetrical thermal stresses when the metallic supporting element is strongly heated.
  • a one-sided surface coating or enamelling is sufficient, namely where the heating conductor tracks are applied.
  • the metal plate consists of a low-carbon and therefore enamel-capable material.
  • the invention provides the possibility of applying the heating conductor tracks directly to a hob plate of a hob with the insulating layer interposed. It is advantageous here if agents, e.g. Thermal barriers are provided to prevent the heat from spreading outside the cooking surfaces. Such heat barriers can be designed in the form of material constrictions or material breakthroughs.
  • an aluminum plate is used as a heating surface support according to claim 7.
  • a stiffening aluminum body of small thermal mass is provided.
  • Such a heating surface support made of aluminum or a similar relatively soft material opens up the possibility of connecting such a heating element by simple pressure welding or friction welding with another metallic and stable support element, for example made of steel, it being possible for the aluminum surface to be provided with rubbing ribs o . Like. is provided.
  • a reflector reflecting heat rays is attached to the underside of the heating surface support or support element.
  • a reflector can be designed as a separate part which is arranged directly on the lower cover layer of the heating element or at a distance therefrom. But there is also the possibility, e.g. enamel a metal layer on the lower cover layer or provide this cover layer with a metal oxide layer.
  • the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 3 is a circular hotplate heating element which can be used directly or indirectly, for example in connection with a trough plate or glass ceramic plate, as hotplate heating.
  • It has as carrier 1 a flat, smooth steel plate made of a scale-resistant material up to approx. 700 ° C., which is preferably provided with enamel coatings 2 and 3 on both sides.
  • This metallic carrier 1 is provided with a protective conductor connection, not shown.
  • a thick-film heating conductor track 4 is applied to the underside of the carrier 1 on the egg-layer 3, for example by baking, in the geometric arrangement explained below.
  • This cover layer 5 for example glass layer, has a relatively high dielectric strength at 1250 V.
  • a fastening bolt 7 is provided, which extends through and extends above the aforementioned layers and is welded to the carrier 1.
  • This fastening bolt 7 is used for the mechanical fastening of the hotplate heating element, for example in a hob of the type mentioned at the beginning.
  • the hotplate surface 8 is divided into two heating zones, namely into an outer heating zone 9 and into an inner heating zone 10 and into an innermost one unheated zone 11 and an outermost unheated peripheral zone 12.
  • the radial width of zones 9, 10 and 11 corresponds in each case to approximately one third of the radial width of the hotplate surface 8.
  • the heating conductor track 4 has 11 connection or contact surfaces 13 in the innermost unheated zone and within that inner heating zone 10 and within the outer heating zone 9 altogether annular sections 14 and 15, which are arranged concentrically to each other and in which the heating conductor 4 runs in a meandering manner.
  • the gaps 16 between the meandering turns of section 15 are smaller than the gaps 17 between the meandering turns of section 14, while the cross section of all Ab cuts is always the same size. In this way, the heating effect of the outer section 15 (specific heating surface load) is greater than that of the inner section 14.
  • the two sections 14 and 15 are in electrical connection with one another via connecting sections 18.
  • an electrical measuring resistor track 19 is also applied as a thick-film heating conductor track on the carrier 1 with electrical connection or contact surfaces 20 in the innermost unheated zone 11.
  • this measuring resistor track which consists, for example, of pure nickel and preferably a measuring resistor of 300 up to 550 ohms, the temperature of the outer section 15 of the heating conductor track 4 is sensed, whereby this measuring resistor track 19 can be applied to a predetermined measuring voltage and through the changing resistance at different temperatures different currents are obtained which can be used to control or regulate the heating power .
  • this measuring resistor track 19 of creating an overtemperature protection which ensures that the thermal heating surface load does not exceed a predetermined critical temperature.
  • Tungsten or platinum or a corresponding alloy can be used as material for the heating conductor track 4, which is scale-resistant in the order of magnitude up to 800 ° C.
  • the heating conductor track is designed such that it is approximately 9.7 W / qcm with a diameter of the surface 8 of approximately 145 mm.
  • a slightly thicker aluminum layer 31 is arranged between two steel plates 30. At least the lower steel plate 30 is provided with an enamel layer at 32. Heating conductor tracks 4 are printed and burned onto this enamel layer 32.
  • a lower corner layer 33 can in turn consist of an enamel layer or of glass enamel hen.
  • a reflector 34 is applied to the underside of this cover layer 33 with or without a gap.
  • a steel plate 30 is provided on both sides with enamel layers 32.
  • the heating conductor tracks 4 are applied to the lower of these enamel layers and are in turn covered by an enamel or glass enamel layer. This symmetrical coating of the steel or sheet metal plate 30 prevents warping of the steel plate 30 in the event of excessive heating, i.e. when operating the heating element.
  • FIG. 5 shows a hotplate, for example in the form of a cast hotplate 35, which can be fastened in a known manner on a trough plate, for example made of sheet metal or glass ceramic or glass.
  • a trough plate for example made of sheet metal or glass ceramic or glass.
  • the base surface 38 is provided with an enamel layer. It is advantageous here if a low-carbon material is used for the cast-iron hotplate 35 in order to facilitate the enamelling process.
  • a heating element 37 of the type described above directly to the floor surface 38 without an enamel layer, for example by gluing it or jamming it in a manner not shown.
  • heating element for example according to FIG. 6 with an aluminum surface
  • it can be connected to the metallic material of the cast-iron hotplate 35 by friction welding.
  • a heating element shown in FIG. 6 can preferably be used here.
  • an electrically insulating layer 40, z. 8. made of ceramic, Teflon, enamel or anodized, which in turn carries the heating tracks 4.
  • an aluminum body is used, which is designed in the form of a rib body, ie its lower surface is provided with recesses 43 and in this way has a very small thermal mass.
  • Self Ver in all of these embodiments there is still the possibility of installing a reflector on the underside in the manner described. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, this is also a sandwich-like structural unit that is stable in itself.
  • a heating element 37 of the type described above is to be attached to the underside of a glass ceramic plate 44.
  • a good heat-conducting intermediate layer 45 e.g. as aluminum, to which the heating element 37 is first applied.
  • a sheet metal material e.g. made of stainless steel plate plate 46 of a hob.
  • this trough plate 46 has an indentation 47 with a bottom 48 which is recessed downwards.
  • a heating element 37 ' is inserted into this indentation 47, the e.g. the top heating surface support is drawn approximately in the form of a steel or aluminum plate with the edges 49 down and is supported on the floor 48.
  • a covering plate 50 which in turn is flush with the plane of the trough plate 46, is placed or connected to the heating element 37 'over a large area. consist of glass or glass ceramic material.
  • the shape 48 stabilizes the heating element 37 ', wherein a reflector and / or a thermal insulation material can in turn be arranged in the space between the heating element 37' and the base 48.
  • a trough plate 46 ' is indicated with an opening 51.
  • a heating element 37'' is arranged at the level of this opening 51 or is immersed in it, which in turn is provided with heating conductor tracks 4 and with a heating surface support 52.
  • Connected to the top of the heating surface support 52 is a support element 53, the edge zone 53 'of which is bent downwards at an angle and is practically linear on the troughs plate 46 'supports.
  • the heating element 37 ′′ has an inner annular heating zone with an annular heating conductor track 4 ′ and separated from this is an outer heating zone with a likewise ring-shaped heating conductor track 4 ".
  • This is a so-called zone heating, the heating conductor tracks being switchable together or separately.
  • the heat energy when the inner heating zone, ie the heating conductor track 4 ', is operated solely on the associated heating zone To concentrate and limit the ring area, a heat flow barrier is provided around the inner heating zone in the form of an annular groove 54. This narrowing of the material creates an intermediate zone of increased heat flow resistance.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)

Abstract

Das Heizelement besitzt einen mindestens einen Heizwiderstand tragenden Träger mit einer Heizfläche, die mit dem zu beheizenden Gut in engem Kontakt steht.The heating element has a support carrying at least one heating resistor with a heating surface which is in close contact with the material to be heated.

Erfindungsgemäß ist als Heizwiderstand eine in Flachleitertechnik, vorzugsweise in Dickschichtpasten-Technik ausgebildete Heizleiterbahn vorgesehen, die an einen Heizflächenträger thermisch eng angekoppelt ist und wobei für die Stabilität des Heizelementes ein formstabiles Tragelement vorgesehen ist.

Figure imgaf001
According to the invention, a heating conductor formed in flat conductor technology, preferably in thick-film paste technology, is provided as the heating resistor, which is thermally closely coupled to a heating surface support and a dimensionally stable supporting element is provided for the stability of the heating element.
Figure imgaf001

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Heizelement gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a heating element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei handelsüblichen Heizelementen dieser Art ist in einem Trägerkörper auf einer Isolierschicht ein Heizleiter in Form eines gewendelten Heizdrahtes angeordnet. Es ist ferner bekannt, mehrere solcher Heizwiderstände vorzusehen, mit denen mittels eines an sich bekannten sogenannten Siebentaktschalters durch Parallel- oder Serienschaltung unterschiedliche Heizleistungen einstellbar sind. Solche Heizelemente sind konstruktiv und fertigungstechnisch relativ aufwendig und erfordern insbesondere eine beträchtliche Bauhöhe des Heizelementes. Bei Heizelementen für andere Anwendungszwecke ist es bekannt, den oder die Heizleiter in der sogenannten Dickschichtpasten-Technik auszubilden unter Verwendung von Dickschichtpasten und dielektrischem Material, das als Isolations- und Trägerschicht dient und auf welches die Dickschichtpasten zur Schaffung von Heizleiterbahnen aufgebracht, z.B. eingebrannt werden.In commercially available heating elements of this type, a heating conductor in the form of a coiled heating wire is arranged in a carrier body on an insulating layer. It is also known to provide several such heating resistors with which by means of a so-called seven-stroke switch known per se Different heating outputs can be set in parallel or in series. Such heating elements are relatively complex in terms of construction and production technology and in particular require a considerable overall height of the heating element. In the case of heating elements for other applications, it is known to design the heating conductor (s) in the so-called thick-film paste technique using thick-film pastes and dielectric material which serves as an insulation and carrier layer and to which the thick-film pastes are applied, for example burned in, to create heating conductor tracks.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Heizelement der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 genannten Art so auszugestalten, daß sich neben einer einfachen Konstruktion und Fertigungsweise sowie bei niedriger Bauhöhe eine sehr gute Heizwirkung ergibt.The invention has for its object to design a heating element of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 so that in addition to a simple construction and method of manufacture and a low overall height, there is a very good heating effect.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die im Kennzeichnungsteil des Patentanspruches 1 aufgeführten Merkmale. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgenden Patentansprüchen.This object is achieved by the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention result from the following patent claims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement ist in besonderer Weise Vorsorge dafür getroffen, daß der Wärmedurchfluß-Widerstand zwischen den sehr flachen Heizleiterbahnen, insbesondere den Dickschicht-Heizleiterbahnen und der zu beheizenden Oberfläche, sehr gering ist. Daneben ist dafür gesorgt, daß durch entsprechend formstabile Ausgestaltung des Heizelementes eine bestmögliche Ankopplung des Heizelementes an die zu beheizende Fläche, z.B. an eine Kochmulde aus Edelstahl oder Glaskeramik oder aber unmittelbar an die Bodenfläche des Kochtopfes,gewährleistet ist. Selbstverständlich ergeben sich ähnliche Vorteile bei der Verwendung eines solchen Heizelementes für andere thermische Hausgeräte, wie z.B. bei Warmhalteplatten, aber auch bei Geschirrspülmaschinen oder Waschmaschinen o.dgl..In the heating element according to the invention, special precautions are taken to ensure that the heat flow resistance between the very flat heating conductor tracks, in particular the thick-film heating conductor tracks, and the surface to be heated is very low. In addition, it is ensured that the best possible coupling of the heating element to the surface to be heated, e.g. to a hob made of stainless steel or glass ceramic or directly to the bottom of the saucepan. Of course, there are similar advantages when using such a heating element for other thermal household appliances, such as for hot plates, but also for dishwashers or washing machines or the like.

Bei der vorteilhaften Weiterbildung gemäß Patentanspruch 2 bringt es besondere Vorteile, wenn das Tragelement zu beiden Seiten mit einer isolierenden Emailschicht versehen ist, auf die z.B. unmittelbar die Heizleiterbahn oder Heizleiterbahnen aufgebracht sind, z.B. durch Aufdrucken und anschließendes Einbrennen. Durch diese beidseitige Beschichtung, z.B. Emaillierung, vermeidet man bei starker Erhitzung des metallischen Tragelementes eine einseitige Verbiegung des metallischen Elementes infolge von unsymmetrischen Wärmespannungen. Bei Tragelementen, die eine ausreichend hohe mechanische Stabilität aufweisen, wie z.B. bei sogenannten Masse- oder Gußkochplatten, genügt eine einseitige Oberflächenbeschichtung bzw. Emaillierung, nämlich dort, wo die Heizleiterbahnen aufgebracht werden. Im Falle einer Emaillierung ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Metallplatte aus einem kohlestoffarmen und daher emaillierfähigen Material besteht.In the advantageous development according to claim 2, there are particular advantages if the support element is provided on both sides with an insulating enamel layer, on which e.g. the heating conductor track or heating conductor tracks are applied directly, e.g. by printing and then baking. This double-sided coating, e.g. Enamelling, one avoids one-sided bending of the metallic element due to unsymmetrical thermal stresses when the metallic supporting element is strongly heated. For support elements that have a sufficiently high mechanical stability, e.g. in the case of so-called mass or cast hot plates, a one-sided surface coating or enamelling is sufficient, namely where the heating conductor tracks are applied. In the case of enamelling, it is advantageous if the metal plate consists of a low-carbon and therefore enamel-capable material.

Durch die Erfindung ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, unmittelbar auf einer Muldenplatte einer Kochmulde unter Zwischenlage der Isolierschicht die Heizleiterbahnen aufzubringen. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn Mittel, z.B. Wärmebarrieren, vorgesehen sind, um eine Ausbreitung der Wärme außerhalb der Kochflächen zu verhindern. Solche Wärmebarrieren können ausgebildet sein in Form von Materialverengungen oder Materialdurchbrechungen.The invention provides the possibility of applying the heating conductor tracks directly to a hob plate of a hob with the insulating layer interposed. It is advantageous here if agents, e.g. Thermal barriers are provided to prevent the heat from spreading outside the cooking surfaces. Such heat barriers can be designed in the form of material constrictions or material breakthroughs.

Auf besondere stabilisierende externe Maßnahmen kann dann verzichtet werden, wenn dafür Sorge getragen wird, daß das Heizelement selbst eine ausreichende Stabilität besitzt. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall, wenn gemäß Patentanspruch 5 und 6 der Heizflächenträger aus mehreren sandwichartig miteinander verbundenen Schichten besteht.Special stabilizing external measures can be dispensed with if care is taken to ensure that the heating element itself has sufficient stability. This is particularly the case if, according to patent claims 5 and 6, the heating surface support consists of several sandwich-like layers.

In bezug auf einen guten Wärmedurchgang ist es vorteilhaft, wenn gemäß Patent anspruch 7 als Heizflächenträger eine Aluminiumplatte verwendet wird. Um hier bei die Stabilität des Heizelementes insgesamt zu erhöhen, ist gemäß Patentanspruch 8 vorgesehen, den Heizflächenträger durch einen versteifenden Aluminiumkörper kleiner thermischer Masse zu versteifen. Ein solcher Heizflächenträger aus Aluminium oder einem ähnlichen relativ weichen Material eröffnet die Möglichkeit, ein solches Heizelement durch einfaches Press- oder Einreibschweißen mit einem anderen metallischen und stabilen Tragelement, z.B. aus Stahl, zu verbinden, wobei vorgesehen sein kann, daß die Aluminiumoberfläche mit Einreibrippen o.dgl. versehen ist.In terms of good heat transfer, it is advantageous if an aluminum plate is used as a heating surface support according to claim 7. Around Here to increase the overall stability of the heating element, it is provided according to claim 8 to stiffen the heating surface support by a stiffening aluminum body of small thermal mass. Such a heating surface support made of aluminum or a similar relatively soft material opens up the possibility of connecting such a heating element by simple pressure welding or friction welding with another metallic and stable support element, for example made of steel, it being possible for the aluminum surface to be provided with rubbing ribs o . Like. is provided.

Die Heizwirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Heizelementes läßt sich dadurch noch erhöhen, daß gemäß Patentanspruch 12 an der Unterseite des Heizflächenträgers bzw. Tragelementes ein Wärmestrahlen reflektierender Reflektor angebracht ist. Ein solcher Reflektor kann als separater Teil ausgebildet sein, der unmittelbar auf der unteren Deckschicht des Heizelementes oder mit Abstand davon angeorndet ist. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, z.B. auf die untere Deckschicht eine Metallschicht aufzuemaillieren oder diese Deckschicht mit einer Metalloxid-Schicht zu versehen.The heating effect of the heating element according to the invention can be increased even further in that, according to claim 12, a reflector reflecting heat rays is attached to the underside of the heating surface support or support element. Such a reflector can be designed as a separate part which is arranged directly on the lower cover layer of the heating element or at a distance therefrom. But there is also the possibility, e.g. enamel a metal layer on the lower cover layer or provide this cover layer with a metal oxide layer.

Gemäß Patentanspruch 14 ist es vorteilhaft, wenn Mittel vorgesehen sind, durch die ein zeitliches Abwandern der Heizenergie, z.B. auf ein metallisches Tragelemert, verhindert wird. Insbesondere am Rand des Heizelementes, aber auch zwischen einzelnen Heizzonen können Wärmebarrieren vorgesehen sein, die den Wärmedurchflußwiderstand erhöhen, z.B. in Form von Materialverengungen.According to claim 14, it is advantageous if means are provided by which a temporal migration of the heating energy, e.g. on a metallic support element is prevented. In particular at the edge of the heating element, but also between individual heating zones, heat barriers can be provided which increase the heat flow resistance, e.g. in the form of material constrictions.

Weitere vorteilhafte Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den in der Zeichnung dargestellten und nachstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantageous details of the invention result from the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing and described below.

Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 und 2 eine erste Ausführungsform eines Heizelementes für Kochstellen in Draufsicht und Schnittansicht,
  • Fig. 3 bis 9 sieben weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in vereinfachter Schnittdarstellung.
It shows:
  • 1 and 2 a first embodiment of a heating element for hotplates in plan view and sectional view,
  • 3 to 9 seven further embodiments in a simplified sectional view.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 und 3 handelt es sich um ein kreisrundes Kochstellenheizelement, das unmittelbar oder mittelbar z.B. in Verbindung mit einer Muldenplatte oder Glaskeramikplatte als Kochplattenheizung dienen kann. Es besitzt als Träger 1 eine ebene, glatte Stahlplatte aus einem bis ca. 700°C zunderbeständigen Material, die vorzugsweise beidseitig mit Emailbeschichtungen 2 und 3 versehen ist. Dieser metallische Träger 1 ist mit einem nicht weiter dargestellten Schutzleiteranschluß versehen. Auf die Unterseite des Trägers 1 auf der Eimailschicht 3 z.B. durch Einbrennen aufgebracht ist eine Dickschicht- Heizleiterbahn 4 in nachstehend erläuterter geometrischer Anordnung. Hierauf bedarfsweise aufgebracht, ist eine ebenfalls isolierende Deckschicht 5. Diese Deckschicht 5 z.B. Glasschicht besitzt eine relativ hohe elektrische Durchschlagsfestigkeit bei 1250 V. An der Unterseite der Deckschicht 5 unmittelbar oder mit Abstand angebracht ist eine Reflektorschicht 6 z.B. in Form einer Metalloxydschicht, einer Metallfolie oder dergleichen. Im Zentrum ist ein Befestigungsbolzen 7 vorgesehen, der die vorgenannten Schichten durch- und überragt und am Träger 1 angeschweißt ist. Dieser Befestigungsbolzen 7 dient der mechanischen Befestigung des Kochstellenheizelementes z.B. in einer Kochmulde der eingangs erwähnten Art. Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, ist die Kochstellenfläche 8 unterteilt in zwei Heizzonen, und zwar in eine äußere Heizzone 9 und in eine innere Heizzone 10 sowie in eine innerste unbeheizte Zone 11 und eine äußerste unbeheizte Randzone 12. Die radiale Breite der Zonen 9, 10 und 11 entspricht etwa jeweils einem Drittel der radialen Breite der Kochstellenfläche 8. Die Heizleiterbahn 4 besitzt in der innersten unbeheizten Zone 11 Anschluß- oder Kontaktflächen 13 und innerhalb der inneren Heizzone 10 sowie innerhalb der äußeren Heizzone 9 insgesamt ringförmige Abschnitte 14 bzw. 15, die zueinander konzentrisch angeordnet sind und in welchen die Heizleiterbahn 4 mäanderartig verläuft. Wie die Figur zeigt, sind die Lücken 16 zwischen den Mäanderwindungen des Abschnittes 15 kleiner als die Lücken 17 zwischen den Mäanderwindungen des Abschnittes 14, während der Querschnitt sämtlicher Abschnitte stets gleich groß ist. Auf diese Weise ist die Heizwirkung des äußeren Abschnittes 15 (spezifische Heizflächenbelastung) größer als diejenige des inneren Abschnittes 14. Über Verbindungsabschnitte 18 stehen die beiden Abschnitte 14 und 15 miteinander in elektrischer Verbindung. Innerhalb der unbeheizten Randzone 12 ist ebenfalls als Dickschicht-Heizleiterbahn eine elektrische Meßwiderstandsbahn 19 auf dem Träger 1 aufgebracht mit elektrischen Anschluß- oder Kontaktflächen 20 in der innersten unbeheizten Zone 11. Mittels dieser Meßwiderstandsbahn, die z.B. aus reinem Nickel besteht und vorzugsweise einen Meßwiderstand von 300 bis 550 Ohm besteht wird die Temperatur des äußeren Abschnittes 15 der Heizleiterbahn 4 abgefühlt, wobei diese Meßwiderstandsbahn 19 an eine vorbestimmte Meßspannung angelegt sein kann und durch den bei unterschiedlicher Temperatur sich ändernden Widerstand unterschiedliche Stromstärken erhalten werden, die zur Steuerung oder Regelung der Heizleistung dienen kann. So besteht die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe dieser Meßwiderstandsbahn 19 einen Übertemperaturschutz zu schaffen, durch den sichergestellt wird, daß die thermische Heizflächenbelastung eine vorbestimmte kritische Temperatur nicht übersteigt. Als Material für die Heizleiterbahn 4 kann Wolfram oder Platin oder eine entsprechende Legierung verwendet werden, die in der Größenordnung bis 800°C zunderbeständig ist. Selbstverständlich besteht im Rahmen der Erfindung die Möglichkeit, unterschiedliche Heizwirkungen in den unterschiedlichen Zonen durch Querschnittsveränderung der Heizleiterbahnen in diesen Zonen zu erhalten, wobei es fertigungstechnisch vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Schichtstärke sämtlicher Heizleiterbahnen-Abschnitte konstant ist. Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Heizleiterbahn so ausgestaltet ist, daß sie bei einem Durchmesser der Fläche 8 von ungefähr 145 mm etwa 9,7 W/qcm beträgt. eim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 3 ist zwischen zwei Stahlplatten 30 eine itwas stärkere Aluminiumschicht 31 angeordnet. Hierbei ist zumindest die unte- ,e Stahlplatte 30 mit einer Emailschicht bei 32 versehen. Auf diese Email- ;chicht 32 aufgedruckt und eingebrannt sind Heizleiterbahnen 4. Eine untere )eckschicht 33 kann wiederum aus einer Emailschicht oder aus Glasemail bestehen. Auf die Unterseite dieser Deckschicht 33 mit oder ohne Abstand aufgebracht ist ein Reflektor 34.The embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 3 is a circular hotplate heating element which can be used directly or indirectly, for example in connection with a trough plate or glass ceramic plate, as hotplate heating. It has as carrier 1 a flat, smooth steel plate made of a scale-resistant material up to approx. 700 ° C., which is preferably provided with enamel coatings 2 and 3 on both sides. This metallic carrier 1 is provided with a protective conductor connection, not shown. A thick-film heating conductor track 4 is applied to the underside of the carrier 1 on the egg-layer 3, for example by baking, in the geometric arrangement explained below. Applied to this as required, there is also an insulating cover layer 5. This cover layer 5, for example glass layer, has a relatively high dielectric strength at 1250 V. A reflector layer 6, for example in the form of a metal oxide layer, a metal foil, or is attached to the underside of the cover layer 5 the like. In the center, a fastening bolt 7 is provided, which extends through and extends above the aforementioned layers and is welded to the carrier 1. This fastening bolt 7 is used for the mechanical fastening of the hotplate heating element, for example in a hob of the type mentioned at the beginning. As FIG. 1 shows, the hotplate surface 8 is divided into two heating zones, namely into an outer heating zone 9 and into an inner heating zone 10 and into an innermost one unheated zone 11 and an outermost unheated peripheral zone 12. The radial width of zones 9, 10 and 11 corresponds in each case to approximately one third of the radial width of the hotplate surface 8. The heating conductor track 4 has 11 connection or contact surfaces 13 in the innermost unheated zone and within that inner heating zone 10 and within the outer heating zone 9 altogether annular sections 14 and 15, which are arranged concentrically to each other and in which the heating conductor 4 runs in a meandering manner. As the figure shows, the gaps 16 between the meandering turns of section 15 are smaller than the gaps 17 between the meandering turns of section 14, while the cross section of all Ab cuts is always the same size. In this way, the heating effect of the outer section 15 (specific heating surface load) is greater than that of the inner section 14. The two sections 14 and 15 are in electrical connection with one another via connecting sections 18. Within the unheated edge zone 12, an electrical measuring resistor track 19 is also applied as a thick-film heating conductor track on the carrier 1 with electrical connection or contact surfaces 20 in the innermost unheated zone 11. By means of this measuring resistor track, which consists, for example, of pure nickel and preferably a measuring resistor of 300 up to 550 ohms, the temperature of the outer section 15 of the heating conductor track 4 is sensed, whereby this measuring resistor track 19 can be applied to a predetermined measuring voltage and through the changing resistance at different temperatures different currents are obtained which can be used to control or regulate the heating power . There is the possibility, with the help of this measuring resistor track 19, of creating an overtemperature protection which ensures that the thermal heating surface load does not exceed a predetermined critical temperature. Tungsten or platinum or a corresponding alloy can be used as material for the heating conductor track 4, which is scale-resistant in the order of magnitude up to 800 ° C. Of course, there is the possibility within the scope of the invention to obtain different heating effects in the different zones by changing the cross-section of the heating conductor tracks in these zones, it being advantageous in terms of production technology if the layer thickness of all heating conductor track sections is constant. It is also advantageous if the heating conductor track is designed such that it is approximately 9.7 W / qcm with a diameter of the surface 8 of approximately 145 mm. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, a slightly thicker aluminum layer 31 is arranged between two steel plates 30. At least the lower steel plate 30 is provided with an enamel layer at 32. Heating conductor tracks 4 are printed and burned onto this enamel layer 32. A lower corner layer 33 can in turn consist of an enamel layer or of glass enamel hen. A reflector 34 is applied to the underside of this cover layer 33 with or without a gap.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4 ist eine Stahlplatte 30 beidseitig mit Emailschichten 32 versehen. Auf die untere dieser Emailschichten sind die Heizleiterbahnen 4 aufgebracht und wiederum durch eine Email- oder Glasemailschicht abgedeckt. Durch diese symmetrische Beschichtung der Stahl- oder Blechplatte 30 verhindert man einen Verzug der Stahlplatte 30 bei starker Erhitzung, d.h. bei Betrieb des Heizelementes.4, a steel plate 30 is provided on both sides with enamel layers 32. The heating conductor tracks 4 are applied to the lower of these enamel layers and are in turn covered by an enamel or glass enamel layer. This symmetrical coating of the steel or sheet metal plate 30 prevents warping of the steel plate 30 in the event of excessive heating, i.e. when operating the heating element.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Kochplatte, z.B. in Form einer Gußkochplatte 35, die in bekannter Weise auf einer Muldenplatte, z.B. aus Blech oder Glaskeramik oder Glas, befestigbar ist. Für den Fall, daß auf die untere Bodenfläche 38 der Gußkochplatte 35 unmittelbar Heizleiterbahnen 4 aufgebracht werden sollen, die Gußkochplatte 35 also unmittelbar als Tragelement dient, wird die Bodenfläche 38 mit einer Emailschicht versehen. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn man ein kohlestoffarmes Material für die Gußkochplatte 35 verwendet, um den Emailliervorgang zu erleichtern. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, unmittelbar auf die Bodenfläche 38 ohne Emailschicht ein Heizelement 37 der vorbeschriebenen Art aufzubringen, z.B. anzukleben oder in nicht weiter dargestellter Weise zu verklemmen. Sofern es sich hierbei um ein Heizelement, z.B. gemäß Fig. 6 mit Aluminiumoberfläche handelt, kann es durch Reibschweißung mit dem metallischen Material der Gußkochplatte 35 verbunden werden. Verwendet werden kann hier bevorzugt ein in Fig. 6 dargestelltes Heizelement. Hierbei ist auf eine als Heizflächenträger dienende Aluminiumplatte 39 eine elektrisch isolierende Schicht 40,z. 8. aus Keramik, Teflon, Email oder Eloxal, aufgebracht, die wiederum die Heizleiterbahnen 4 trägt. Hierauf aufgebracht ist eine weitere Isolierschicht,z. B. Emailschicht 41. Zur mechanischen Versteifung der geschilderten Einheit dient ein Aluminiumkörper, der in Form eines Rippenkörpers ausgebildet ist, d.h. dessen untere Oberfläche mit Ausnehmungen 43 versehen ist und auf diese Weise eine sehr kleine thermische Masse besitzt. Selbstverständlich besteht bei all diesen Ausführungsformen noch die Möglichkeit, an der Unterseite noch einen Reflektor in der beschriebenen Weise anzubringen. Auch hier handelt es sich, wie bei den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen, um eine in sich stabile sandwichartige Baueinheit.FIG. 5 shows a hotplate, for example in the form of a cast hotplate 35, which can be fastened in a known manner on a trough plate, for example made of sheet metal or glass ceramic or glass. In the event that heating conductor tracks 4 are to be applied directly to the lower bottom surface 38 of the cast-iron hotplate 35, ie the cast-iron hotplate 35 is used directly as a supporting element, the base surface 38 is provided with an enamel layer. It is advantageous here if a low-carbon material is used for the cast-iron hotplate 35 in order to facilitate the enamelling process. However, there is also the possibility of applying a heating element 37 of the type described above directly to the floor surface 38 without an enamel layer, for example by gluing it or jamming it in a manner not shown. If this is a heating element, for example according to FIG. 6 with an aluminum surface, it can be connected to the metallic material of the cast-iron hotplate 35 by friction welding. A heating element shown in FIG. 6 can preferably be used here. Here is an electrically insulating layer 40, z. 8. made of ceramic, Teflon, enamel or anodized, which in turn carries the heating tracks 4. Another insulating layer, e.g. B. enamel layer 41. For mechanical stiffening of the unit described, an aluminum body is used, which is designed in the form of a rib body, ie its lower surface is provided with recesses 43 and in this way has a very small thermal mass. Self Ver Of course, in all of these embodiments there is still the possibility of installing a reflector on the underside in the manner described. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, this is also a sandwich-like structural unit that is stable in itself.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 7 soll an der Unterseite einer Glaskeramikplatte 44 ein Heizelement 37 der vorbeschriebenen Art angebracht sein. Um die Unebenheiten an der Unterseite der Glaskeramikplatte 44 auszugleichen, dient eine gut wärmeleitende Zwischenschicht 45, z.B. als Aluminium, auf die erst das Heizelement 37 satt aufgebracht ist.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, a heating element 37 of the type described above is to be attached to the underside of a glass ceramic plate 44. In order to compensate for the unevenness on the underside of the glass ceramic plate 44, a good heat-conducting intermediate layer 45, e.g. as aluminum, to which the heating element 37 is first applied.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 8 ist schematisch dargestellt eine aus Blechmaterial, z.B. aus Edelstahlblech bestehende Muldenplatte 46 einer Kochmulde. In Höhe der vorgesehenen Heizfläche besitzt diese Muldenplatte 46 eine nach unten vertiefte Ausprägung 47 mit Boden 48. In diese Einprägung 47 eingelegt ist ein Heizelement 37', dessen z.B. oberster Heizflächenträger etwa in Form einer Stahl- oder Aluminiumplatte mit den Rändern 49 nach unten gezogen ist und sich auf dem Boden 48 abstützt. Auf das Heizelement 37' großflächig aufgelegt bzw. damit verbunden ist eine Abdeckplatte 50, die wiederum flächenbündig ist mit der Ebene der Muldenplatte 46. diese Abdeckung kann z.B. aus Glas- oder Glaskeramikmaterial bestehen. Die Ausprägung 48 stabilisiert das Heizelement 37', wobei im Zwischenraum zwischen Heizelement 37' und Boden 48 wiederum ein Reflektor und/oder ein Wärmedämmstoff angeordnet sein kann.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, a sheet metal material, e.g. made of stainless steel plate plate 46 of a hob. At the level of the heating surface provided, this trough plate 46 has an indentation 47 with a bottom 48 which is recessed downwards. A heating element 37 'is inserted into this indentation 47, the e.g. the top heating surface support is drawn approximately in the form of a steel or aluminum plate with the edges 49 down and is supported on the floor 48. A covering plate 50, which in turn is flush with the plane of the trough plate 46, is placed or connected to the heating element 37 'over a large area. consist of glass or glass ceramic material. The shape 48 stabilizes the heating element 37 ', wherein a reflector and / or a thermal insulation material can in turn be arranged in the space between the heating element 37' and the base 48.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 9 ist wiederum eine Muldenplatte 46' angedeutet mit einer öffnung 51, In Höhe dieser Öffnung 51 angeordnet oder in sie eintauchend ist ein Heizelement 37'', das wiederum mit Heizleiterbahnen 4 sowie mit einem Heizflächenträger 52 versehen ist. Mit der Oberseite des Heizflächenträgers 52 verbunden ist ein Tragelement 53, dessen Randzone 53' nach unten winkelig abgebogen ist und sich praktisch linienförmig auf der Muldenplatte 46' abstützt. Hierdurch wird zwischen Heizelement 37 " und Muldenplatte 46' eine Zone mit erhöhtem Wärmedurchflußwiderstand geschaffen, so daß eine seitliche Abwanderung der Heizenergie weitestgehend verhindert wird. Wie in Fig. 9 angedeutet, besitzt das Heizelement 37 " eine innere ringförmige Heizzone mit ringförmiger Heizleiterbahn 4' und hiervon getrennt eine äußere Heizzone mit ebenfalls ringförmiger Heizleiterbahn 4 " . Es handelt sich'dabei um eine sogenannte Zonenheizung, wobei die Heizleiterbahnen zusammen oder separat einschaltbar sind. Um die Wärmeenergie bei alleinigem Betrieb der inneren Heizzone, d.h. der Heizleiterbahn 4', auf den zugehörigen Ringbereich zu konzentrieren und zu begrenzen, ist rund um die innere Heizzone eine Wärmefluß-Barriere in Form einer Ringnut 54 vorgesehen. Durch diese Materialverengung wird eine Zwischenzone erhöhten Wärmedurchflußwiderstandes geschaffen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, again, a trough plate 46 'is indicated with an opening 51. A heating element 37''is arranged at the level of this opening 51 or is immersed in it, which in turn is provided with heating conductor tracks 4 and with a heating surface support 52. Connected to the top of the heating surface support 52 is a support element 53, the edge zone 53 'of which is bent downwards at an angle and is practically linear on the troughs plate 46 'supports. As a result, a zone with increased heat flow resistance is created between the heating element 37 ″ and the trough plate 46 ′, so that lateral migration of the heating energy is largely prevented. As indicated in FIG. 9, the heating element 37 ″ has an inner annular heating zone with an annular heating conductor track 4 ′ and separated from this is an outer heating zone with a likewise ring-shaped heating conductor track 4 ". This is a so-called zone heating, the heating conductor tracks being switchable together or separately. The heat energy when the inner heating zone, ie the heating conductor track 4 ', is operated solely on the associated heating zone To concentrate and limit the ring area, a heat flow barrier is provided around the inner heating zone in the form of an annular groove 54. This narrowing of the material creates an intermediate zone of increased heat flow resistance.

Claims (14)

1. Heizelement für thermische Hausgeräte, insb. für Kochstellen, mit einem mindestens einen Heizwiderstand tragenden Träger mit einer Heizfläche, die mit dem zu beheizenden Gut in engem thermischen Kontakt steht, dadurch h gekennzeichnet, daß als Heizwiderstand wenigstens eine in Flachleitertechnik, vorzugsweise in Dickschichtpasten-Technik ausgebildete Heizleiterbahn (4) vorgesehen ist, die an einen Heizflächenträger thermisch eng angekoppelt ist und daß ein formstabiles Tragelement für die Heizleiterbahn vorgesehen ist.1. Heating element for thermal domestic appliances, in particular for hotplates, with a support carrying at least one heating resistor with a heating surface which is in close thermal contact with the material to be heated, characterized in that the heating resistor has at least one in flat conductor technology, preferably in thick-film pastes -Technically trained heating conductor track (4) is provided, which is thermally closely coupled to a heating surface support and that a dimensionally stable support element is provided for the heating conductor track. 2. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Tragelement eine formstabile, die Heizfläche bildende Metallplatte (1, 30) vorgesehen ist, die vorzugsweise beidseitig mit einer Emailbeschichtung (2, 3; 32) vorgesehen ist, auf die die Heizleiterbahn aufgebracht ist.2. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that a dimensionally stable, the heating surface forming metal plate (1, 30) is provided, which is preferably provided on both sides with an enamel coating (2, 3; 32) to which the heating conductor is applied . 3. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallplatte als aus kohlestoffarmen, emaillierfähigem Material bestehende Gußkochplatte (35) ausgebildet ist.3. Heating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal plate is formed as a cast-iron hotplate (35) consisting of low-carbon, enamelled material. 4. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallplatte als dünne, vorzugsweise mehrere Heizflächen aufweisende Blechmulde (46) ausgebildet ist.4. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal plate is designed as a thin, preferably having a plurality of heating surfaces sheet metal recess (46). 5. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizflächenträger aus mehreren sandwichartig miteinander verbundenen Schichten besteht.5. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating surface support consists of several sandwich-like layers. 6. Heizelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizflächenträger mindestens eine dünne Stahlplatte (30) aufweist, die mit einer dikkeren Aluminiumschicht (31) verbunden ist, auf deren, eine Isolierschicht (32) bzw. eine emaillierte Stahlplatte (30) aufweisende Oberfläche die Heizleiterbahn (4) aufgebracht ist.6. Heating element according to claim 5, characterized in that the heating surface support has at least one thin steel plate (30) which is connected to a thicker aluminum layer (31), on which, an insulating layer (32) or an enamelled steel plate (30) Surface of the heating conductor (4) is applied. 7. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Heizflächenträger eine Aluminiumplatte (39) vorgesehen ist, die an der, der Heizleiterbahn (4) zugewandten Oberfläche eine isolierende Beschichtung (40) trägt.7. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an aluminum plate (39) is provided as the heating surface support, which on the, the heating conductor (4) facing surface carries an insulating coating (40). 8. Heizelement nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der auf den Heizflächenträger aufgebrachten Heizleiterbahn (4) eine Isolierschicht (41) und darauf ein versteifender Aluminiumkörper (42) kleiner thermischer Masse vorzugsweise in Form eines Rippenkörpers befestigt ist.8. Heating element according to claim 7, characterized in that an insulating layer (41) and thereon a stiffening aluminum body (42) of small thermal mass, preferably in the form of a rib body, is attached to the heating conductor track (4) applied to the heating surface support. 9. Heizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 7 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der aus Aluminium bestehende Heizflächenträger mit einer Stahlplatte durch Preß- oder Einreibschweißung verbunden ist und vorzugsweise Einreibrippen besitzt.9. Heating element according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the aluminum heating surface support is connected to a steel plate by pressure or friction welding and preferably has rubbing ribs. 10. Heizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizflächenträger mit einem Träger aus Stahl oder anderem Material, z.B. Glas oder Glaskeramik durch Gießen oder Kleben fest verbunden ist.10. Heating element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the heating surface support with a support made of steel or other material, e.g. Glass or glass ceramic is firmly connected by casting or gluing. 11. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Heizflächenträger bzw. Heizelement (37) und die Kochstelle darstellenden bzw. aufweisenden Träger (44) eine Unebenheiten ausgleichende, gut wärmeleitende Zwischenschicht (45) angeordnet ist.11. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the heating surface support or heating element (37) and the hotplate representing or having support (44) an unevenness compensating, good heat-conducting intermediate layer (45) is arranged. 12. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an der Unterseite des Heizflächenträgers bzw. Tragelementes bzw. Heizelementes ein Wärmestrahlen reflektierender Reflektor (34) angebracht ist.12. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reflector (34) reflecting heat rays is attached to the underside of the heating surface support or support element or heating element. 13. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Tragelement für das Heizelement (37') eine vertiefte Ausprägung (47) in einer metallischen Muldenplatte (46) vorgesehen ist, auf deren Boden (48) sich der Heizflächenträger des Heizelementes abstützt.13. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a supporting element for the heating element (37 ') a recessed shape (47) in a metallic trough plate (46) is provided, on the bottom (48) of which the heating surface support of the heating element is supported . 14. Heizelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Heizelement (37 " ) und seinem Tragelement (46') bzw. zwischen einzelnen Heizelementen des Heizelementes selbst der Heizflächenträger Zwischen- oder Randzonen erhöhten Wärmedurchflußwiderstandes, z.B. Materialverengungen (54) vorgesehen sind.14. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the heating element (37 ") and its support element (46 ') or between individual heating elements of the heating element itself the heating surface support intermediate or edge zones increased heat flow resistance, for example material constrictions (54) are.
EP86116386A 1985-12-20 1986-11-25 Heating element for household appliances, especially for cookers Expired - Lifetime EP0229928B1 (en)

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DE19853545442 DE3545442A1 (en) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 HEATING ELEMENT FOR THERMAL HOME APPLIANCES, ESPECIALLY FOR COOKING POINTS
DE3545442 1985-12-20

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EP0324086A1 (en) * 1988-01-13 1989-07-19 Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co. KG Heating device, especially as a cooking plate
DE8909020U1 (en) * 1988-04-15 1989-12-14 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Surface heating element
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DE4109569A1 (en) * 1991-03-22 1992-09-24 Buchtal Gmbh Electric heating plate for cooking hob - has metal plate with printed conductor pattern beneath thermally conductive cover layer
DE4341035A1 (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-08 Ego Elektro Blanc & Fischer Safe-condition monitoring unit for electrical load device
EP0695914A1 (en) * 1994-08-04 1996-02-07 Sollac S.A. Extra flat built-in cooking element
FR2723430A1 (en) * 1994-08-04 1996-02-09 Lorraine Laminage EXTRA-FLAT BUILT-IN COOKING ELEMENT
US5679273A (en) * 1994-08-04 1997-10-21 Sollac (Societe Anonyme) Cooktop having a flat surface, suitable for flush-mounting
DE19638640A1 (en) * 1996-09-21 1998-04-02 Ako Werke Gmbh & Co Radiant heater with a metal foil heating conductor
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DE102011003464A1 (en) 2011-02-01 2012-04-26 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Tubular heating device for use as aquiferous region of pumping chamber of e.g. radial flow pump for dishwasher, has pipe-shaped carrier whose natural oscillation behavior and natural frequency are changed by continuous deformation
EP2481931A2 (en) 2011-02-01 2012-08-01 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Heating device for a pump and pump
DE102011003467A1 (en) 2011-02-01 2012-08-02 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Heating device for a pump and pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4843218A (en) 1989-06-27
EP0229928A3 (en) 1988-03-09
DE3545442A1 (en) 1987-06-25
DE3685741D1 (en) 1992-07-23
DE3545442C2 (en) 1991-05-29
EP0229928B1 (en) 1992-06-17

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